479:
disuse, and given place to one which, to say the least of it, is of less dignity... A Siamese...who had often witnessed it, gave me the following description:—A person is chosen for this occasion to represent the King. This monarch of a day is known by the name of Piya-Pun-li-teb, or King of the
Husbandmen. He stands in the midst of a rice-field, on one foot only, it being incumbent on him to continue in this uneasy attitude during the time that a common peasant takes in ploughing once around him in a circle. Dropping the other foot, until the circle is completed, is looked upon as a most unlucky omen; and the penalty to the "King of the Husbandmen" is said to be not only the loss of his ephemeral dignity, but also of his permanent rank, what ever that may be, with what is more serious—the confiscation of his property. The nominal authority of this person lasts from morning to night. During the whole of this day the shops are shut; nothing is allowed to be bought or sold; and whatever is disposed of, in contravention of the interdict, is forfeited, and becomes the perquisite of the King of the Husbandmen following the ploughing. Specimens of all the principal fruits of the earth are collected together in a field, and an ox is turned loose amongst them, and the particular product which he selects to feed upon, is, on the authority of this experiment, to be considered as the scarcest fruit of the ensuing season, and therefore entitled to the especial care of the husbandman.
602:
318:
361:
29:
420:
813:
the court of ceremonies, invoking the blessing of the Great Being on his labor and that of his people. Then, as the highpriest of the empire, he sacrifices a bullock to heaven, as the fountain of all good. Whilst the victim is offered on the altar, a plough, drawn by a pair of oxen, highly ornamented, is brought to the emperor, who throws aside his imperial robes, lays hold of the handle of the plough, and opens several furrows over the whole field.
307:
1721:
1617:
1425:
375:, when it was performed by the kings Htuntaik, Htunpyit and Htunchit, all of whom bear the name 'htun' or 'plow.' However, this costly ritual did not occur annually nor was it performed by every monarch. During this ritual, the king plowed a specifically designated field outside the royal palace called the
812:
Every year, on the 15th day of the first moon, the emperor repairs, in great state, to a certain field, accompanied by the princes and the principal officers, prostrates himself, and touches the ground nine times with his head, in honor of Tien, the God of heaven; he pronounces a prayer prepared by
478:
This was a day of some celebrity in the
Siamese calendar, being that on which the kings of Siam, in former times, were wont to hold the plough, like the Emperors of China, wither as a religious ceremony, or as an example of agricultural industry to their subjects. This rite has long fallen into
278:
The ploughing ceremony is an ancient royal rite observed annually in
Cambodia under the auspices of the king to announce the arrival of the rice-planting season and predict the crop productivity of the coming season. The ceremony is known as "ព្រះរាជពិធីច្រត់ព្រះនង្គ័ល"
351:
royal ceremonies and performs annually in
Cambodia. The 2020 Cambodian Royal Ploughing Ceremony was set to be held on May 10 and was postponed as a measure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the kingdom.
714:
belief, and is held to ensure a good harvest. In the case of the
Burmese royal ploughing ceremony, it may also have Buddhist associations. In traditional accounts of the Buddha's life, Prince
556:, the ceremony is typically presided over by the monarch, or an appointee. Sometimes the monarch himself has taken part in the ceremony and actually guided the plough behind the oxen.
1605:
1413:
385:) with white oxen that were adorned with golden and silver, followed by princes and ministers, who took turns to ceremonially plow the fields. While the plowing was undertaken,
1123:พืชมงคล น. ชื่อพระราชพิธีที่พระสงฆ์สวดเพื่อความเจริญของพืชพันธุ์ธัญญาหาร เรียกว่า พระราชพิธีพืชมงคล เป็นพระราชพิธีที่ทำก่อนพระราชพิธีจรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ ซึ่งเป็นพิธีพราหมณ์.
344:
holding plough dated to 6th century was found. This deity statue was sculpted for the ploughing ritual and is considered to be the earliest evidence relevant to the ceremony.
650:
In
Thailand, the exact date and times for the yearly event are set annually by Brahman priests. Discontinued by the 1920s, this practice was revived beginning in 1960.
1095:แรกนา, แรกนาขวัญ น. ชื่อพิธีเริ่มไถนา, ถ้าทําเป็นทางราชการ เรียกว่า พระราชพิธีจรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ, แต่โดยทั่วไปมักเรียกว่า พระราชพิธีแรกนา หรือ พระราชพิธีแรกนาขวัญ
541:
depicted the Royal
Ploughing Ceremony on the backs of all six denominations. Rama VII discontinued the practice in the 1920s, to be revived in 1960 by Rama IX, King
653:
If the rain does not fall after the Royal
Ploughing Ceremony, various other rainmaking rites have been observed in Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar such as the
601:
491:(พระราชพิธีจรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ) which literally means the "royal ploughing ceremony marking the auspicious beginning of the rice growing season". This
1598:
1406:
1583:
1391:
1486:
834:
620:
In 2009, the ceremony was held on May 11 in
Thailand and on May 12 in Cambodia. The date is usually in May, but varies as it is determined by
1806:
771:
1138:
1786:
1771:
1591:
1399:
647:). In 2013, the ceremony and public holiday was held on Monday, 13 May. In Cambodia, the ceremony is mostly held on a Tuesday or Saturday.
1143:[Announcement of the Office of the Prime Minister on Determination of Working Hours and Public Holidays (No. 11), BE 2500 (1957)]
1781:
976:
1199:
1776:
1801:
1796:
1491:
432:
1286:
1816:
1310:
593:
is sown in the ceremony, and afterward, onlookers swarm the field to gather the seed, which is believed to be auspicious.
1524:
1456:
614:
405:) in order to ensure a good harvest for the kingdom, and also a way for the king to present himself as a peasant king (
1826:
1811:
1621:
1429:
487:(แรกนาขวัญ) which literally means the "auspicious beginning of the rice growing season". The royal ceremony is called
360:
1107:
1079:
915:
1360:
317:
337:
99:
1328:
1821:
1791:
1516:
95:
943:
258:
ploughs the field in the royal ceremony. This is the earliest historical account of this agricultural ritual.
389:
priests offered prayers and offerings to the 15 Hindu deities, while a group of nat votaries and votaresses (
1021:
710:
make a prediction on whether the coming growing season will be bountiful or not. The ceremony is rooted in
1181:[History of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony] (in Thai). Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. n.d
887:
718:, as an infant, performed his first miracle during a royal ploughing ceremony, by meditating underneath a
586:
471:
399:(indigenous spirits). The ploughing ceremony was a ritual to propitiate the rain god, Moe Khaung Kyawzwa (
745:
605:
The Queen of Burma observes a ploughing ceremony with two oxen. From an 18th-century
Burmese watercolour
858:
575:
1650:
1569:
28:
419:
1700:
1690:
1152:
590:
542:
368:
329:
period (1st-6th century) and was introduced from ancient India. The ceremony is also appeared in
197:, is an ancient royal rite held in many Asian countries to mark the traditional beginning of the
1047:
Journal of an Embassy from the Governor-general of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China
774:, historical annual ceremonies of the Thai monarchy, which include the Royal Ploughing Ceremony
1710:
1635:
1561:
1496:
1443:
1051:
428:
1735:
1705:
1550:
1534:
1511:
1501:
1481:
1207:
737:
621:
310:
231:
216:
173:
1041:
744:
priest is the ritualistic planting of the first rice seed in a paddy on the grounds of the
719:
703:
499:(พืชมงคล) which literally means "prosperity for plantation". The royal ceremony is called
306:
1223:
988:
1670:
1645:
1461:
636:
578:
284:
160:
1050:. Vol. 1 (second ed.). London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley. pp. 207–209.
609:
The traditional date of the Burmese royal ploughing ceremony was the beginning of the
1765:
1695:
1263:
1037:
765:
715:
675:
and they plough a furrow in some ceremonial ground, while rice seed is sown by court
655:
625:
495:
ceremony is of Hindu origin. Thailand also observes another Buddhist ceremony called
467:
372:
262:
183:
1151:(in Thai). 74, Part 88. Bangkok: Cabinet Secretary: 2466. 1957-10-15. Archived from
514:
combined both the Buddhist and Hindu ceremonies into a single royal ceremony called
333:, the Cambodian version of Indian epic Ramayana and some other Buddhist literature.
1140:ประกาศสำนักคณะรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง กำหนดเวลาทำงานและวันหยุดราชการ (ฉบับที่ 11) พ.ศ. 2500
519:
460:
456:
396:
348:
1386:
King Vairamuthu ... inaugurates the food production by ploughing the paddy field.
1045:
1745:
1740:
1675:
1529:
582:
523:
518:(พระราชพิธีพืชมงคลจรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ). The Buddhist part is conducted in the
440:
103:
1655:
1640:
1471:
1451:
1355:
1314:
1176:
684:
436:
371:
traditionally attribute the start of this rite to the late 500s CE during the
61:
1750:
1506:
1055:
758:
679:. After the ploughing, the oxen are offered plates of food, including rice,
1235:
1111:
1083:
919:
1720:
1616:
1424:
1367:
553:
549:
538:
444:
341:
325:
In Cambodia, the history of the Ploughing Ceremony can be traced back to
300:
243:
1685:
711:
707:
676:
561:
Phra Ratcha Phithi Phuetcha Mongkhon Charot Phra Nangkhan Raek Na Khwan
534:
527:
516:
Phra Ratcha Phithi Phuetcha Mongkhon Charot Phra Nangkhan Raek Na Khwan
511:
386:
330:
1332:
1110:(in Thai). Bangkok: Royal Institute of Thailand. 2007. Archived from
1082:(in Thai). Bangkok: Royal Institute of Thailand. 2007. Archived from
741:
696:
688:
347:
The ploughing ceremony is considered to be one of the most important
255:
251:
1680:
1665:
1466:
692:
680:
610:
600:
418:
359:
326:
316:
305:
65:
748:. He is also the one who performs the ritualistic first harvest.
792:
672:
296:
247:
230:), was also practiced in pre-colonial Burma until 1885 when the
198:
1587:
1395:
113:
National in the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Kingdom of Thailand
1042:"V. —Annual Ceremony of the King's holding the plough."
364:
A 1907 painting depicts the Burmese royal ploughing ceremony.
250:, the heroine appears from the ploughed earth as a baby when
533:
Series 2 banknotes first issued in 1925 during the reign of
668:
470:, he noted on 27 April 1822 (near the end of the reign of
313:
of Cambodia at the Royal Ploughing Ceremony in Phnom Penh.
463:
upon the Independence of Sukhodaya in mid-13th century.
141:
4th day of the 6th lunar month's waning moon (Cambodia)
427:
In Thailand, the ploughing ceremony dates back to the
489:
Phra Ratcha Phithi Charot Phra Nangkhan Raek Na Khwan
201:
growing season. The royal ploughing ceremony, called
191:
Phra Ratcha Phithi Charot Phra Nangkhan Raek Na Khwan
73:
Phra Ratcha Phithi Charot Phra Nangkhan Raek Na Khwan
1023:
Siamese State Ceremonies: Their History and Function
768:, traditional start of the English agricultural year
659:
cat procession to pray for rain in case of drought.
33:
Royal Ploughing Ceremony in Bangkok, Thailand (2019)
1728:
1628:
1543:
1436:
1204:
Banknotes > History and Series of Banknotes >
916:"ប្រវត្តិនៃព្រះរាជពិធីច្រត់ព្រះនង្គ័ល | Grand News"
167:
145:
135:
127:
119:
109:
91:
81:
45:
38:
21:
845:
581:has presided over the ceremony, which is held at
503:(พระราชพิธีพืชมงคล). The official translation of
1009:. Vol. 2. Government of Burma. p. 101.
522:first and is followed by the Hindu part held at
483:In Thailand, the common name of the ceremony is
1361:Tourism Cambodia Highlights: Ploughing Festival
977:"Lehtun Mingala (The Royal Ploughing Ceremony)"
1287:"Preserving Rain Traditions in Southeast Asia"
123:Marks the beginning of the rice growing season
1599:
1407:
1026:. Bernard Quaritch Limited. pp. 260–261.
800:based on Encyclopaedia Americana 1851 edition
723:
406:
400:
390:
380:
225:
206:
8:
1264:"Royal Ploughing Ceremony - Chiang Mai Best"
1252:. University of Michigan Press. p. 333.
1007:Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States
728:), thus exemplifying his precocious nature.
571:). It has been a public holiday since 1957.
423:Royal Ploughing Ceremony in Thailand (2019).
321:Royal Ploughing Ceremony in Cambodia (2017).
1236:Abundant crops expected in Thailand in 2007
762:, bull races at the end of the rice harvest
1606:
1592:
1584:
1414:
1400:
1392:
1178:ประวัติพระราชพิธีมงคลจรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ
1133:
1131:
451:, the Thai adopted the Ploughing Ceremony
27:
18:
1661:Royal Ploughing Ceremony and Farmer's Day
944:"History of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony"
1212:The design was printed on both sides....
1020:Quaritch Wales, Horace Geoffrey (1931).
16:Traditional rite in some Asian countries
1521:Coronation Day of King Norodom Sihamoni
1285:Daovisith, Douangbouppha (2023-10-15).
1224:Ancient rituals for a bountiful harvest
827:
784:
340:(former capital of Funan), a statue of
281:Preăh Réach Pĭthi Chrát Preăh Neăngkoăl
169:Preăh Réach Pĭthi Chrát Preăh Neăngkoăl
47:Preăh Réach Pĭthi Chrát Preăh Neăngkoăl
1691:King Bhumibol Adulyadej's Memorial Day
702:Depending on what the oxen eat, court
970:
968:
966:
964:
772:Royal Ceremonies of the Twelve Months
215:
7:
1329:"Rice: It's More Than Food In Japan"
1250:Burma under British rule--and before
1000:
998:
938:
936:
910:
908:
888:"Royal Ploughing Ceremony cancelled"
882:
880:
501:Phra Ratcha Phithi Phuetcha Mongkhon
459:when they obtained the freedom from
1238:, Thai News Agency, MCOT, 2007-5-10
859:"The Royal Ploughing Ceremony 2011"
68:- Ploughing with the golden plough.
60:பொன்னேர் உழுதல் "Ponner Uzhuthal" (
1701:King Bhumibol Adulyadej's Birthday
14:
1108:"Royal Institute Dictionary 1999"
1080:"Royal Institute Dictionary 1999"
537:and continuing into the reign of
1719:
1615:
1482:King Norodom Sihamoni's Birthday
1423:
1366:Dr. S. Green (28 October 2009).
71:พระราชพิธีจรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ
1512:King Father's Commemoration Day
1226:, TAT News, retrieved 2007-5-10
865:. Ministry of Tourism, Cambodia
589:grounds, home of the late King
188:พระราชพิธีจรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ
165:ព្រះរាជពិធីបុណ្យច្រត់ព្រះនង្គ័ល
1671:King Vajiralongkorn's Birthday
975:Khin Maung Nyunt (July 1997).
585:in Bangkok. Rice grown on the
115:Regional festival in Sri Lanka
1:
1005:Hardiman, John Percy (1900).
574:In recent years in Thailand,
559:At present, the day on which
295:: to press or to plough) and
139:Hora determination (Thailand)
1807:Public holidays in Sri Lanka
1492:International Children's Day
1356:The Royal Ploughing Ceremony
1311:"Gohan: Standard White Rice"
667:In the ceremony, two sacred
468:John Crawfurd's Siam mission
217:[lɛ̀tʰʊ̀ɰ̃mɪ̀ɰ̃ɡəlà]
1787:Public holidays in Thailand
1772:Public holidays in Cambodia
1622:Public holidays in Thailand
1487:National Day of Remembrance
1430:Public holidays in Cambodia
802:. Agepedia. 3 November 2007
435:, a former adviser to King
242:In the various versions of
168:
46:
44:ព្រះរាជពិធីច្រត់ព្រះនង្គ័ល
1843:
431:(1238–1438). According to
238:The pre-Ramayana tradition
1782:Culture of Southeast Asia
1717:
1517:Paris Peace Agreement Day
1457:International Women's Day
1448:Victory over Genocide Day
736:One of the duties of the
724:
640:
629:
447:(1924-1928), in his book
407:
401:
391:
381:
291:: sacred or royal title,
226:
207:
187:
177:
164:
26:
1686:Queen Sirikit's Birthday
1477:Royal Ploughing Ceremony
1177:
1139:
671:are hitched to a wooden
449:Siamese State Ceremonies
261:This tradition is a pan-
157:Royal Ploughing Ceremony
22:Royal Ploughing Ceremony
1777:Agriculture in Cambodia
1558:Siem Reap Puppet Parade
1530:Water and Moon Festival
1497:Queen Mother's Birthday
1375:Sri Lankan Tamil rulers
835:Buddhist Religious Year
507:is "Harvest Festival".
395:) invoked the 37 chief
392:နတ်ဆရာ, နတ်အုပ်, နတ်စော
149:24 to 26 May (Cambodia)
1802:Ceremonies in Thailand
1797:Ceremonies in Cambodia
1696:King Chulalongkorn Day
606:
587:Chitralada Royal Villa
481:
424:
365:
322:
314:
195:The Ploughing Festival
85:The Ploughing Festival
1729:Region-based holidays
1248:Nisbet, John (1901).
1210:. February 23, 2012.
1200:"Banknotes, Series 2"
746:Tokyo Imperial Palace
732:Similar rite in Japan
615:Burmese month of Waso
604:
569:Wan Phuetcha Mongkhon
476:
422:
363:
320:
311:King Norodom Sihamoni
309:
265:agricultural ritual.
1817:Monarchy of Thailand
1574:Kite Flying Festival
981:Myanmar Perspectives
411:) to the commoners.
1646:Chakri Memorial Day
1040:(21 August 2006) .
991:on October 6, 1999.
987:(7). Archived from
1827:Buddhist festivals
1812:Culture of Myanmar
1570:Full Moon Festival
1291:The ASEAN Magazine
1149:Government Gazette
922:on 19 January 2022
607:
591:Bhumibol Adulyadej
563:is held is called
543:Bhumibol Adulyadej
425:
369:Burmese chronicles
366:
323:
315:
1759:
1758:
1629:National holidays
1581:
1580:
1566:Silkworm Festival
1562:Qingming Festival
1437:National holidays
695:, water and rice
565:Phuetcha Mongkhon
505:Phuetcha Mongkhon
497:Phuetcha Mongkhon
429:Sukhothai Kingdom
402:မိုးခေါင်ကျော်စွာ
193:), also known as
153:
152:
1834:
1736:Chinese New Year
1723:
1706:Constitution Day
1620:
1619:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1585:
1551:Chinese New Year
1535:Human Rights Day
1525:Independence Day
1502:Constitution Day
1428:
1427:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1372:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1325:
1319:
1318:
1313:. Archived from
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1208:Bank of Thailand
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1146:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1002:
993:
992:
972:
959:
958:
956:
955:
940:
931:
930:
928:
927:
918:. Archived from
912:
903:
902:
900:
899:
884:
875:
874:
872:
870:
863:Tourism Cambodia
855:
849:
843:
837:
832:
816:
815:
809:
807:
797:
789:
738:Emperor of Japan
727:
726:
642:
631:
622:Hora (astrology)
617:(June to July).
567:Day (วันพืชมงคล
410:
409:
404:
403:
394:
393:
384:
383:
229:
228:
219:
214:
210:
209:
189:
179:
171:
166:
92:Observed by
49:
31:
19:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1822:Hindu festivals
1792:May observances
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1724:
1715:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1582:
1577:
1539:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1368:"Singai Empire"
1365:
1352:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1158:on May 12, 2014
1155:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1089:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1060:
1058:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1003:
996:
974:
973:
962:
953:
951:
942:
941:
934:
925:
923:
914:
913:
906:
897:
895:
886:
885:
878:
868:
866:
857:
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208:လယ်ထွန်မင်္ဂလာ
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1467:Visak Bochea
1385:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
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1266:. 7 May 2013
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1061:February 13,
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989:the original
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950:. 2015-05-05
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920:the original
896:. Retrieved
894:. 2020-04-12
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804:. Retrieved
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120:Significance
87:Farmer's Day
72:
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1746:Eid al-Adha
1741:Eid al-Fitr
1676:Asalha Puja
1452:Meak Bochea
1380:11 February
948:Khmer Times
892:Khmer Times
806:10 February
704:astrologers
685:green beans
641:ហោរាសាស្រ្ត
583:Sanam Luang
524:Sanam Luang
382:လယ်တော်ကြီး
181:Vap Magula;
128:Observances
100:Sri Lankans
82:Also called
57:(Sri Lanka)
1766:Categories
1656:Labour Day
1641:Magha Puja
1472:Labour Day
1371:(blogspot)
1339:2012-10-17
1296:2024-04-30
1185:2014-05-09
1162:2014-05-09
1118:2014-05-09
1090:2014-05-09
954:2020-05-03
926:2020-05-03
898:2020-05-03
848:(in Tamil)
823:References
716:Siddhartha
645:hourasastr
630:โหราศาสตร์
213:pronounced
96:Cambodians
75:(Thailand)
62:Tamil Nadu
55:Vap Magula
53:වප් මඟුල්
50:(Cambodia)
1751:Christmas
1507:Pchum Ben
1067:April 27.
759:Pacu jawi
740:as chief
725:ဇမ္ဗုသပြေ
455:from the
178:වප් මඟුල්
131:Ploughing
1651:Songkran
1056:03452414
752:See also
708:Brahmins
677:Brahmins
554:Thailand
550:Cambodia
548:In both
539:Rama VII
441:Rama VII
415:Thailand
377:ledawgyi
342:Balarama
301:Sanskrit
274:Cambodia
244:Ramayana
232:monarchy
869:18 July
793:"China"
712:Brahman
663:Rituals
633:horasat
613:in the
535:Rama VI
528:Bangkok
512:Mongkut
472:Rama II
466:During
453:in toto
437:Rama VI
387:Brahmin
356:Myanmar
331:Reamker
303:words.
174:Sinhala
1270:13 May
1054:
796:(wiki)
742:Shinto
697:whisky
689:sesame
673:plough
457:Khmers
256:Videha
252:Janaka
102:, and
1681:Vassa
1666:Vesak
1544:Other
1156:(PDF)
1145:(PDF)
779:Notes
693:grass
637:Khmer
510:King
349:Khmer
327:Funan
293:chrát
289:preăh
285:Khmer
220:) or
161:Khmer
104:Thais
66:India
1382:2012
1272:2013
1063:2012
1052:OCLC
871:2011
808:2012
706:and
681:corn
669:oxen
626:Thai
597:Date
576:King
552:and
445:Siam
439:and
397:nats
297:Pali
248:Sita
199:rice
184:Thai
155:The
136:Date
110:Type
443:of
336:In
98:,
1768::
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