692:
470:
115:
262:
884:
70:
704:
478:
92:
42:
445:, although there is currently no valid scientific evidence to support the efficacy or use of any palm species for medicinal purposes. The fruit is eaten by birds and bats (which disperse the seeds) and fed to livestock. Its flowers are visited by birds and bats, and it serves as a roosting site and food source for a variety of animals.
827:, but there was disagreement as to whether Cuban and Floridian populations represented a single species or two species. Zona's revision of the genus concluded that they both belonged to the same species. According to the rules of botanical nomenclature, the correct name of the species should have been
492:
is a large palm which reaches a height of 20–30 metres (66–98 ft) tall, (with heights up to 34.5 m (113 ft) reported) and a stem diameter of about 47 centimetres (19 in). (K. F. Connor reports a maximum stem diameter of 61 cm (24 in).) The trunk is stout, very smooth
929:
protrudes from this. Seedlings in cultivation are reported to begin producing a stem two years after germination, at the point where they produce their thirteenth leaf. Growth rates of seedlings averaged 4.2 cm (1.7 in) per year in
Florida.
2779:
Carbajal, Daisy; Ravelo, Yazmin; Molina, Vivian; Mas, Rosa; de
Lourdes Arruzazabala, MarĂa (May 2009). "D-004, a lipid extract from royal palm fruit, exhibits antidepressant effects in the forced swim test and the tail suspension test in mice".
493:
and grey-white in colour with a characteristic bulge below a distinctive green crownshaft. Trees have about 15 leaves which can be up to 4 m (13 ft) long. The flowers are white with pinkish anthers. The fruit are
1225:
has been planted throughout the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental. The seed is used as a source of oil and for livestock feed. Leaves are used for thatching and the wood for construction. The roots are used as a
541:, a compound which allows nitrogenase to function by reducing the oxygen concentration in the root nodule. In addition to evidence of nitrogen fixation, the nodules were also found to be producing
1403:
501:
in shape, 8.9–15 millimetres (0.35–0.59 in) long and 7–10.9 mm (0.28–0.43 in) wide. They are green when immature, turning red and eventually purplish-black as they mature.
1498:
1765:
Roncal, Julissa; Scott Zona; Carl E. Lewis (2008). "Molecular
Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation".
3058:
3097:
2643:
3332:
672:
continued to be applied to a variety of superficially similar species which were not, in fact, closely related. To address this problem, American botanist
1871:
1418:
1731:
Basu, P. S.; A. C. Ghosh (2001). "Production of Indole Acetic Acid in
Culture by a Rhizobium Species from the Root Nodules of a Monocotyledonous Tree,
3239:
3006:
3252:
3071:
3019:
1457:
1448:
839:) has a history of use in horticulture that dated from at least 1838, and that the species had been propagated around the world under that name.
419:. A large and attractive palm, it has been planted throughout the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental tree. Although it is sometimes called
3337:
3136:
921:
expands it only pushes a portion of the embryo out of the seed. As a result, the seedling develops adjacent to the seed. The embryo forms a
804:
to a "large, solitary palm with an ashen white trunk topped by a green leaf sheath and pinnate leaves" growing in central
Florida. While no
2718:
2365:
580:
DNA failed to resolve the position of the genus within the
Arecoideae. As of 2008, there appear to be no molecular phylogenetic studies of
2560:
691:
3352:
1506:
982:
1257:
fibres, but lower in density, making it a potentially useful source for the use in lightweight composite materials. An extract from
3372:
3367:
3357:
2538:"Butterflies of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Tropical Roots and Tubers, and Santa Ana, CamagĂĽey Cuba:An Annotated List"
3362:
3265:
3045:
843:, on the other hand, had only been used since 1949, and was used much less widely. On that basis, Zona proposed that the name
430:
is now the correct name for the species. The royal palm reaches heights from 15–24 m (50–80 ft) tall. Populations in
99:
1748:
624:
297:
3076:
2123:
Rao, K. Murali Mohan; K. Mohana Rao (2007). "Extraction and tensile properties of natural fibers: Vakka, date and bamboo".
1808:
Asmussen, Conny B.; John
Dransfield; Vinnie Deickmann; Anders S. Barfod; Jean-Christophe Pintaud; William J. Baker (2006).
2457:
1453:
1581:
1262:
469:
3347:
2941:
50:
1911:
3278:
3149:
3102:
2824:
2662:
1880:
1684:
Basu, P. S.; A. C. Ghosh (1998). "Indole Acetic Acid and Its
Metabolism in Root Nodules of a Monocotyledonous Tree
1412:
1129:
809:
349:
114:
2579:
914:
1378:
1016:
1478:
3283:
3154:
1041:
as a landscape palm. It appears to naturalise with ease, and extensive naturalised populations are present in
2679:
Svenning, Jens
Christian (2002). "Non-native ornamental palms invade a secondary tropical forest in Panama".
1062:
994:
2998:
1842:
1613:
1157:
2993:
2864:
1190:
1163:
794:
741:
616:
450:
322:
2946:
2360:
Simon
Gardner, Pindar Sidisunthorn and Lai Ee May, 2011. Heritage Trees of Penang. Penang: Areca Books.
1199:
1101:
664:
645:
231:
3257:
3024:
1439:
1169:
797:, the oldest properly published name for a species has priority over newer names. Bartram applied the
2933:
2613:
1175:
2967:
2902:
2751:
2293:
1967:
1774:
990:
728:
608:
542:
442:
248:
1810:"A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny"
906:
and bats are reported pollinators. Seeds are dispersed by birds and bats that feed upon the fruit.
1356:
1066:
871:. In Cambodia, where it is planted as decorative along avenues and in public parks, it is known as
817:
681:
359:
59:
3342:
3304:
3175:
3141:
2805:
2481:
2438:
2378:
2309:
2237:
2102:
2039:
1993:
1934:
1790:
1713:
1666:
1181:
1138:
950:
903:
745:
654:
277:
109:
978:
3063:
2335:
3226:
3110:
2954:
2797:
2714:
2361:
2317:
2198:
2001:
1705:
1239:
1146:
1083:
798:
786:
determined that they did not differ enough from Cuban populations to be considered a separate
522:
3115:
2588:(Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with remarks on larval food plants for the subfamily"
2789:
2759:
2688:
2552:
2516:
2473:
2430:
2397:
2301:
2229:
2188:
2180:
2132:
2094:
2031:
1983:
1975:
1926:
1821:
1782:
1744:
1697:
1658:
1351:
1211:
1207:
1123:
787:
620:
561:
3089:
1853:. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA
1624:. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA
1305:
1297:
1088:
998:
986:
958:
859:
is called the Cuban royal palm or simply the royal palm. In Cuba, the tree is called the
754:
600:
592:
565:
416:
306:
261:
152:
1007:
is most abundant in Cuba, where is occurs on hillsides and valleys. In southern Florida,
808:
is known, there are no other native palms that would fit Bartram's description. In 1946
434:
and Florida were long seen as separate species, but are now considered a single species.
2755:
2297:
1971:
1778:
3128:
3123:
2913:
2575:
2281:
2193:
2168:
1955:
1907:
942:
805:
673:
424:
252:
139:
883:
3326:
3084:
2136:
1826:
1809:
1342:
1333:
779:
573:
546:
538:
530:
372:
165:
79:
74:
2809:
2485:
2241:
1794:
1717:
1670:
1049:, and Guyana. In the United States it grows mostly in central and southern Florida,
3309:
3231:
3180:
2959:
1988:
1012:
974:
2216:
Pinheiro, Claudio Urbano B. (2001). "Germination strategies in palms: the case of
1001:, an area north of its modern range, suggesting a wider distribution in the past.
3218:
3207:
2923:
2151:
1594:. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 721. pp. 698–700.
3032:
2896:
2383:(Chiroptera:Molossidae): Distribution, Morphometrics, Systematics and Evolution"
1313:
1285:
1270:
1099:
is introduced), its trunks are used as nesting sites by yellow-crowned parrots (
1054:
962:
910:
899:
895:
724:
534:
504:
458:
454:
178:
2887:
2537:
2305:
1979:
703:
477:
2793:
2764:
2735:
2066:
1786:
1266:
1046:
1020:
946:
783:
629:
482:
339:
41:
2556:
820:'s use of the name in his 1949 revision of the genus, established its usage.
533:
tree. Further evidence of nitrogen fixation was provided by the presence of
2980:
2521:
2500:
1030:
918:
509:
498:
408:
400:
208:
198:
2853:
2801:
2321:
2202:
2020:"Decades Kewenses: Plantarum Novarum in Herbario Horti Regii Conservatarum"
2005:
1301:
1238:
drink, by Cubans of Haitian origin. They are also used as a treatment for
3296:
3167:
1709:
1701:
812:
pointed out that Bartram's name was valid and proposed a new combination,
17:
3291:
3201:
3162:
2881:
2184:
1227:
1186:
1161:, in Florida. It also serves as a larval host plant for the butterflies
1029:
is cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates in the United States,
970:
966:
926:
518:
494:
188:
2254:
Jones, Julie Lynn. 1983. An Ecological Study of the Florida Royal Palm,
1589:
719:
Cook considered Floridian populations to be distinct from both the Cuba
3244:
3011:
2442:
2313:
2233:
2106:
2043:
1997:
1938:
1662:
708:
668:). Although these species were transferred to other genera, the genus
604:
577:
412:
3037:
2692:
2477:
1293:
1289:
1254:
1195:
1118:
1110:
1050:
1042:
1034:
922:
749:
696:
526:
404:
2858:
2434:
2402:
2098:
2035:
2019:
1930:
2417:
Meshaka, Walter E. Jr. (1996). "Retreat Use by the Cuban Treefrog (
1749:
10.1002/1521-3846(200102)21:1<65::AID-ABIO65>3.0.CO;2-#
441:
is also used for thatch, construction timber, and in some forms of
3270:
3050:
2985:
1556:
Zona, Scott (December 1996). "Roystonea (Arecaceae: Arecoideae)".
1250:
1235:
1058:
954:
882:
712:
702:
690:
476:
468:
126:
2823:
MartĂnez Betancourt, Julio; Marco Antonio Vásquez Dávila (1992).
2972:
1038:
431:
2862:
2169:"The evolution of bat pollination: a phylogenetic perspective"
2167:
Fleming, Theodore H.; Cullen Geiselman; W. John Kress (2009).
1114:
1023:
was established due to the high concentration of the species.
2456:
RodrĂguez Castillo, AngĂ©lica M.; Jessica R. Eberhard (2006).
2024:
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew)
782:
to Central American populations of the species. However,
2421:): Implications for Successful Colonization in Florida".
1958:(1900). "The Method of Types in Botanical Nomenclature".
1284:
plays an important role in popular religion in Cuba. In
1087:, the Florida bonneted bat, and is used as a retreat for
867:. In India, where it is widely cultivated, it is called
1649:
a monocotyledonous tree, bears rhizobial root nodules".
2734:
Volpato, Gabriele; Daimy GodĂnez; Angela Beyra (2009).
1185:
in Brazil. It is susceptible to bud rot caused by the
823:
Harper's new combination immediately supplanted Cook's
591:
The species was first described by American naturalist
2655:
Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society
2625:
Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society
1095:), a non-native species in Florida. In Panama (where
2736:"Migration and Ethnobotanical Practices: The Case of
2458:"Reproductive Behavior of the Yellow-crowned Parrot (
2153:
Plants Used In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge
485:
and rows of circular leaf scars are clearly visible.
744:
described two new species based on collections from
521:-containing root nodules is usually associated with
3191:
2871:
2825:"La palma real en las religiones populares en Cuba"
2271:(Arecaceae: Arecoideae). Flora Neotropica 71: 1–36.
2642:Garofalo, Joseph F.; Robert T. McMillian (2004).
1269:, is being studied as a potential alternative to
529:; this was the first record of root nodules in a
1645:Basu, P. S.; A. C. Ghosh; T. K. Dangar (1997). "
1121:. Its pollen was also found in the stomachs of
1479:"Tree Register: National Register of Big Trees"
766:. Both species are now considered synonyms of
680:, which he named in honour of American general
2509:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
2156:. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. p. 539.
1357:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T62329A59233195.en
981:). William Bartram described the species from
2612:Garofalo, J. F.; McMillan, R. T. Jr. (1999).
2501:"Notes on the biology of the royal palm bug,
1760:
1758:
1133:, Leach's single leaf bat (a nectar-feeder).
1127:, the Cuban flower bat (a pollen-feeder) and
8:
2536:Fernández-Hernández, Douglas Manuel (2007).
1883:: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1415:: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
831:. Zona pointed out, however, that the name
2258:. M.S. Thesis. Florida Atlantic University.
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
1950:
1948:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1640:
1638:
648:in 1807 and applied by him to two species,
2859:
2377:Timm, Robert M.; Hugh H. Genoways (2004).
1296:. It also has symbolic importance in the
1265:(BPH) in rodents. D-004, is a mixture of
1155:is the host plant for the royal palm bug,
715:showing fibrous roots typical of monocots.
537:(an enzyme used in nitrogen fixation) and
453:of Cuba, and has a religious role both in
260:
90:
68:
40:
31:
2763:
2704:
2702:
2520:
2401:
2192:
1987:
1825:
1355:
1245:Fibres extracted from the leaf sheath of
2854:http://www.palmpedia.net/Roystonea_regia
2284:(1936). "Royal Palms in Upper Florida".
2118:
2116:
1912:"A Synopsis of the Palms of Puerto Rico"
1814:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1575:
1573:
1571:
1230:, and for that reason they are added to
588:and the rest of the genus is uncertain.
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1458:United States Department of Agriculture
1449:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1324:
941:is found in Central America, Cuba, the
736:, which is now considered a synonym of
732:, and he placed them in a new species,
2782:Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
2595:Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1249:have been found to be comparable with
572:within the Arecoideae is uncertain; a
457:and Christianity, where it is used in
2505:Barber (Hemiptera, Thaumastocoridae)"
2069:(1994). "(1141) Proposal to Conserve
1919:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
7:
1117:and are considered a good source of
473:Crown with immature and mature fruit
3333:IUCN Red List least concern species
1343:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
965:, southern Florida, and Mexico (in
2618:bud-rot of palms in South Florida"
623:in Cuba. In 1825 German botanist
25:
2740:Among Haitian Immigrants in Cuba"
2466:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
1505:. Cuba Naturaleza. Archived from
437:Widely planted as an ornamental,
3284:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:176141-2
3155:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:222809-2
2563:from the original on 2012-07-13.
2137:10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.07.023
1827:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00521.x
1288:it is associated primarily with
707:Stem base of two individuals in
644:was proposed by German botanist
517:trees in India. The presence of
113:
1102:Amazona ochrocephala panamensis
1019:. Royal Palm State Park in the
752:) which he placed in the genus
1081:are used as roosting sites by
887:Shedding of leaf in royal palm
684:, and renamed Kunth's species
625:Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel
1:
3338:NatureServe imperiled species
2713:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
1454:Agricultural Research Service
1261:fruit known as D-004 reduces
1206:The species is considered an
1164:Pyrrhocalles antiqua orientis
615:based on collections made by
584:and the relationship between
2578:; Robert B. Srygley (1999).
2077:(Kunth) O. F. Cook, against
917:—during germination, as the
513:bacteria have been found on
2379:"The Florida bonneted bat,
1312:plays an important role in
1263:benign prostate hyperplasia
568:Roystoneae. The placement
51:Collier-Seminole State Park
3389:
2709:Austin, Daniel F. (2004).
2419:Osteopilus septentrionalis
2306:10.1126/science.84.2168.60
1980:10.1126/science.12.300.475
1881:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1413:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1379:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
1273:for the treatment of BPH.
1093:Osteopilus septentriolalis
599:based on trees growing in
3353:Trees of Northern America
2794:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.01.008
2765:10.1007/s10745-008-9211-4
2661:: 324–325. Archived from
2499:Baranowski, R.M. (1958).
2150:Dy Phon, Pauline (2000).
1787:10.1007/s12229-008-9005-9
1591:Tropical tree seed manual
1503:), national tree of Cuba"
283:
276:
268:
259:
237:
230:
110:Scientific classification
108:
88:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3373:Plants described in 1791
3368:National symbols of Cuba
3358:Trees of Central America
2557:10.21829/azm.2007.232569
1588:. In J. A. Vozzo (ed.).
1037:, and parts of southern
934:Distribution and habitat
387:, commonly known as the
2545:Acta ZoolĂłgica Mexicana
2342:. National Park Service
2336:"Royal Palm State Park"
2073:Kunth, the Basionym of
1989:2027/hvd.32044106398464
879:Reproduction and growth
481:The distinctive smooth
3363:Trees of the Caribbean
2423:Journal of Herpetology
1622:Flora of North America
1580:Connor, K. F. (2002).
1277:Religious significance
1200:Thielaviopsis paradoxa
1191:Phytophthora palmivora
989:in the area of modern
888:
795:botanical nomenclature
793:Based on the rules of
748:, British Guiana (now
716:
700:
627:moved it to the genus
617:Alexander von Humboldt
611:described the species
486:
474:
2522:10.1093/aesa/51.6.547
2503:Xylastodoris luteolus
1702:10.1007/s002849900352
1350:: e.T62329A59233195.
1158:Xylastodoris luteolus
1149:, feed on the fruit.
886:
847:should be conserved.
706:
694:
646:Carl Ludwig Willdenow
480:
472:
2462:) in Western Panama"
2460:Amazona ochrocephala
2390:Journal of Mammalogy
2125:Composite Structures
1767:The Botanical Review
1737:Acta Biotechnologica
1690:Current Microbiology
1651:Folia Microbiologica
1332:Carrero, C. (2021).
1135:Artibeus jamaicensis
1124:Phyllonycteris poeyi
742:Charles Henry Wright
609:Carl Sigismund Kunth
443:traditional medicine
355:Roystonea ventricosa
2756:2009HumEc..37...43V
2711:Florida ethnobotany
2298:1936Sci....84...60C
2030:(6): 200–05. 1906.
1972:1900Sci....12..475C
1779:2008BotRv..74...78R
1499:"Cuban Royal Palm (
1292:or with his father
1143:Myiozetetes similis
1130:Monophyllus redmani
1105:). The flowers of
1067:southern California
904:European honey bees
818:Liberty Hyde Bailey
564:Arecoideae and the
312:Roystonea floridana
60:Conservation status
3348:Symbols of Florida
2648:diseases of palms"
2234:10.1007/BF02809652
2185:10.1093/aob/mcp197
1663:10.1007/BF02815473
1586:(Kunth) O.F. Cook"
1139:Jamaican fruit bat
951:Dominican Republic
889:
875:("Western palm").
764:E. ventricosa
729:R. borinquena
717:
701:
676:created the genus
665:Wettinia praemorsa
660:O. praemorsa
655:Prestoea acuminata
543:indole acetic acid
487:
475:
399:, is a species of
397:Florida royal palm
335:Roystonea jenmanii
328:Euterpe ventricosa
49:Native habitat in
3320:
3319:
3111:Open Tree of Life
2865:Taxon identifiers
2720:978-0-8493-2332-4
2580:"Early stages of
2381:Eumops floridanus
2366:978-967-57190-6-6
2218:Schippia concolor
1851:Flora of Pakistan
1306:Roman Catholicism
1170:Asbolis capucinus
1147:social flycatcher
1084:Eumops floridanus
1063:Rio Grande Valley
1017:hardwood hammocks
896:unisexual flowers
855:In cultivation,
825:R. floridana
799:Linnaean binomial
734:R. floridana
650:O. acuminata
560:is placed in the
523:nitrogen fixation
380:
379:
375:
362:
352:
342:
332:
325:
316:
309:
300:
293:Oenocarpus regius
290:
269:Natural range of
103:
83:
16:(Redirected from
3380:
3313:
3312:
3300:
3299:
3287:
3286:
3274:
3273:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3144:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3106:
3105:
3093:
3092:
3080:
3079:
3067:
3066:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2860:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2652:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2582:Caligo illioneus
2574:Penz, Carla M.;
2571:
2565:
2564:
2542:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2478:10.1676/05-003.1
2453:
2447:
2446:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2387:
2374:
2368:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2179:(6): 1017–1043.
2173:Annals of Botany
2164:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2063:
2048:
2047:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1991:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1916:
1904:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1841:Malik, Kamal A.
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1609:
1596:
1595:
1577:
1566:
1565:
1558:Flora Neotropica
1553:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1417:. Archived from
1400:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1329:
1304:fraternity. In
1212:secondary forest
1208:invasive species
1182:B. sophorae
1176:Brassolis astyra
1089:Cuban tree frogs
995:Volusia Counties
915:adjacent ligular
760:E. jenmanii
531:monocotyledonous
393:Cuban royal palm
371:
357:
347:
337:
330:
321:
319:Euterpe jenmanii
314:
305:
295:
288:
264:
243:
118:
117:
97:
94:
93:
77:
72:
71:
44:
32:
21:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3290:
3282:
3277:
3269:
3264:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3187:
3179:
3174:
3166:
3161:
3153:
3148:
3140:
3135:
3127:
3122:
3114:
3109:
3101:
3096:
3088:
3083:
3075:
3070:
3062:
3057:
3049:
3044:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3010:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2912:
2910:
2903:Roystonea regia
2901:
2900:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2873:Roystonea regia
2867:
2848:
2843:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2590:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2435:10.2307/1565191
2416:
2415:
2411:
2403:10.1644/BRB-205
2385:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2267:Zona, S. 1996.
2266:
2262:
2256:Roystonea elata
2253:
2249:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2099:10.2307/1223558
2075:Roystonea regia
2065:
2064:
2051:
2036:10.2307/4113208
2018:
2017:
2013:
1966:(300): 475–81.
1954:
1953:
1946:
1931:10.2307/2478709
1914:
1906:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1856:
1854:
1845:Roystonea regia
1840:
1839:
1835:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1733:Roystonea regia
1730:
1729:
1725:
1686:Roystonea regia
1683:
1682:
1678:
1647:Roystonea regia
1644:
1643:
1636:
1627:
1625:
1616:Roystonea regia
1611:
1610:
1599:
1584:Roystonea regia
1579:
1578:
1569:
1555:
1554:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1501:Roystonea regia
1497:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1442:Roystonea regia
1438:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1406:Roystonea regia
1402:
1401:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1336:Roystonea regia
1331:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1300:faiths and the
1282:Roystonea regia
1279:
1223:Roystonea regia
1220:
1153:Roystonea regia
1109:are visited by
1079:Roystonea regia
1075:
1057:, and in South
1009:Roystonea regia
1005:Roystonea regia
999:central Florida
987:St. Johns River
959:Lesser Antilles
939:Roystonea regia
936:
892:Roystonea regia
881:
857:Roystonea regia
853:
845:Roystonea regia
841:Roystonea elata
829:Roystonea elata
814:Roystonea elata
806:type collection
778:was applied by
686:Roystonea regia
633:and renamed it
601:central Florida
593:William Bartram
555:
545:, an important
490:Roystonea regia
467:
447:Roystonea regia
417:Central America
415:, and parts of
384:Roystonea regia
365:Roystonea regia
363:
353:
345:Roystonea elata
343:
333:
326:
317:
310:
301:
291:
271:Roystonea regia
255:
245:
241:Roystonea regia
239:
226:
112:
104:
95:
91:
84:
73:
69:
62:
28:
27:Species of palm
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3386:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:wfo-0000260238
3301:
3288:
3275:
3262:
3249:
3236:
3223:
3213:
3197:
3195:
3193:Oreodoxa regia
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:wfo-0000298342
3172:
3159:
3146:
3133:
3120:
3107:
3094:
3081:
3068:
3055:
3042:
3029:
3016:
3003:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2951:
2938:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2893:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2847:
2846:External links
2844:
2842:
2841:
2815:
2788:(3): 465–468.
2771:
2726:
2719:
2698:
2671:
2668:on 2011-07-26.
2634:
2604:
2576:Annette Aiello
2566:
2528:
2515:(6): 547–551.
2491:
2448:
2429:(3): 443–445.
2409:
2369:
2353:
2327:
2292:(2168): 60–1.
2273:
2260:
2247:
2228:(4): 519–527.
2208:
2159:
2142:
2131:(3): 288–295.
2112:
2071:Oreodoxa regia
2049:
2011:
1944:
1925:(10): 525–69.
1894:
1863:
1833:
1800:
1754:
1723:
1676:
1634:
1597:
1567:
1519:
1490:
1470:
1431:
1384:
1370:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1278:
1275:
1219:
1216:
1077:The leaves of
1074:
1071:
943:Cayman Islands
935:
932:
880:
877:
852:
849:
837:Oreodoxa regia
810:Francis Harper
674:Orator F. Cook
652:(now known as
635:O. regius
613:Oreodoxa regia
554:
551:
539:leghaemoglobin
466:
463:
425:conserved name
378:
377:
286:Oreodoxa regia
281:
280:
274:
273:
266:
265:
257:
256:
246:
235:
234:
228:
227:
220:
218:
214:
213:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
169:
168:
163:
156:
155:
150:
143:
142:
137:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
106:
105:
89:
86:
85:
67:
64:
63:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3385:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:Human Ecology
2741:
2739:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2647:
2646:Thielaviopsis
2638:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2608:
2605:
2601:(4): 142–152.
2600:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:(2): 225–36.
2471:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2399:
2396:(5): 852–65.
2395:
2391:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2093:(4): 662–64.
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1884:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:(1): 78–102.
1772:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1696:(2): 137–40.
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1657:(6): 601–06.
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1509:on 2020-07-27
1508:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1435:
1432:
1421:on 2013-09-22
1420:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1316:observances.
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:R. regia
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:R. regia
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1173:in Cuba, and
1172:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:strand swamps
1010:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
902:by animals.
901:
897:
893:
885:
878:
876:
874:
870:
866:
865:palma criolla
862:
858:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:R. regia
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
780:Paul H. Allen
777:
773:
772:R. regia
769:
768:R. regia
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:R. regia
735:
731:
730:
726:
722:
721:R. regia
714:
710:
705:
698:
693:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:
661:
657:
656:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
631:
626:
622:
621:Aimé Bonpland
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
552:
550:
548:
547:plant hormone
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
511:
506:
502:
500:
496:
491:
484:
479:
471:
464:
462:
461:observances.
460:
456:
452:
451:national tree
448:
444:
440:
439:R. regia
435:
433:
429:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:
376:
374:
370:
366:
361:
358:(C.H.Wright)
356:
351:
346:
341:
338:(C.H.Wright)
336:
329:
324:
320:
313:
308:
304:
299:
294:
287:
282:
279:
275:
272:
267:
263:
258:
254:
250:
244:
242:
236:
233:
232:Binomial name
229:
225:
224:
223:R. regia
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:Tracheophytes
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
116:
111:
107:
101:
87:
81:
76:
75:Least Concern
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3192:
2872:
2849:
2835:
2831:
2818:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2750:(1): 43–53.
2747:
2743:
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2687:(2): 81–86.
2684:
2680:
2674:
2663:the original
2658:
2654:
2645:
2637:
2628:
2624:
2616:Phytophthora
2615:
2607:
2598:
2594:
2586:C. idomeneus
2585:
2581:
2569:
2551:(2): 43–75.
2548:
2544:
2531:
2512:
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2494:
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2459:
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2426:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2372:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2339:
2330:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2268:
2263:
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2250:
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2221:
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2217:
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2145:
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2082:
2081:W. Bartram (
2078:
2074:
2070:
2027:
2023:
2014:
1963:
1959:
1922:
1918:
1886:. Retrieved
1879:
1873:
1866:
1855:. Retrieved
1850:
1844:
1836:
1820:(1): 15–38.
1817:
1813:
1803:
1770:
1766:
1743:(1): 65–72.
1740:
1736:
1732:
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1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1626:. Retrieved
1621:
1615:
1590:
1583:
1561:
1557:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:the original
1500:
1493:
1482:. Retrieved
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1447:
1441:
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1419:the original
1411:
1405:
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1347:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1309:
1281:
1280:
1258:
1246:
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1113:-collecting
1106:
1100:
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1092:
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1026:
1025:
1008:
1004:
1003:
985:, along the
975:Quintana Roo
938:
937:
908:
891:
890:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
854:
851:Common names
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
822:
813:
801:
792:
775:
771:
770:. The name
767:
763:
759:
753:
737:
733:
727:
725:Puerto Rican
720:
718:
685:
677:
669:
663:
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639:
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508:
505:Root nodules
503:
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396:
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368:
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348:(W.Bartram)
344:
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318:
311:
302:
292:
285:
284:
270:
240:
238:
222:
221:
209:
172:
159:
146:
133:
29:
3033:iNaturalist
2897:Wikispecies
2079:Palma elata
2067:Zona, Scott
1363:19 November
1314:Palm Sunday
1271:finasteride
1267:fatty acids
1214:in Panama.
1194:and by the
1055:Puerto Rico
983:Lake Dexter
963:The Bahamas
911:germination
873:sla barang'
802:Palma elata
776:hondurensis
740:. In 1906
603:. In 1816
597:Palma elata
595:in 1791 as
535:nitrogenase
507:containing
465:Description
459:Palm Sunday
369:hondurensis
303:Palma elata
179:Commelinids
153:Angiosperms
100:NatureServe
35:Royal palm
3327:Categories
3129:kew-180149
3124:Plant List
2693:10088/1704
2631:: 110–112.
2346:8 February
2282:Cook, O.F.
1956:Cook, O.F.
1908:Cook, O.F.
1888:2009-01-04
1857:2009-01-04
1628:2009-01-04
1513:2009-04-21
1484:2019-05-12
1425:2009-01-03
1320:References
1047:Costa Rica
1021:Everglades
1011:occurs in
947:Hispaniola
925:, and the
900:pollinated
894:produces
861:palma real
784:Scott Zona
746:Georgetown
695:Avenue in
640:The genus
630:Oenocarpus
483:crownshaft
403:native to
389:royal palm
360:L.H.Bailey
331:C.H.Wright
323:C.H.Wright
96:Imperiled
53:, Florida
18:Royal palm
3343:Roystonea
3208:Q85193841
2999:200027116
2269:Roystonea
2222:Brittonia
2083:Arecaceae
1612:eFloras.
1031:Australia
1027:Roystonea
919:cotyledon
898:that are
682:Roy Stone
678:Roystonea
607:botanist
582:Roystonea
576:based on
574:phylogeny
570:Roystonea
562:subfamily
558:Roystonea
510:Rhizobium
499:ellipsoid
409:Caribbean
373:P.H.Allen
307:W.Bartram
217:Species:
210:Roystonea
199:Arecaceae
123:Kingdom:
3292:Tropicos
3271:176141-2
3202:Wikidata
3163:Tropicos
3064:10999394
3051:222809-2
2888:Q1069046
2882:Wikidata
2838:: 45–49.
2832:Oralidad
2810:28056765
2802:19463260
2561:Archived
2486:19280262
2322:17807356
2242:45335410
2203:19789175
2006:17750859
1910:(1901).
1874:Oreodoxa
1795:40119059
1718:12681981
1671:30979928
1310:R. regia
1286:SanterĂa
1240:diabetes
1228:diuretic
1187:oomycete
1107:R. regia
1097:R. regia
971:Campeche
967:Veracruz
723:and the
670:Oreodoxa
642:Oreodoxa
586:R. regia
553:Taxonomy
519:rhizobia
515:R. regia
495:spheroid
455:SanterĂa
428:R. regia
421:R. elata
350:F.Harper
315:O.F.Cook
296:(Kunth)
278:Synonyms
253:O.F.Cook
195:Family:
189:Arecales
166:Monocots
80:IUCN 3.1
3297:2400980
3245:2733764
3168:2400001
3116:1055854
3012:2733755
2973:1131526
2934:13-57-1
2752:Bibcode
2443:1565191
2340:NPS.gov
2314:1663227
2294:Bibcode
2286:Science
2194:2766192
2107:1223558
2044:4113208
1998:1628494
1968:Bibcode
1960:Science
1939:2478709
1775:Bibcode
1710:9662615
1236:Haitian
1073:Ecology
1061:in the
979:Yucatán
957:), the
927:plumule
788:variety
755:Euterpe
709:Kolkata
699:, India
578:plastid
527:legumes
449:is the
413:Florida
298:Spreng.
205:Genus:
185:Order:
127:Plantae
98: (
78: (
3216:APDB:
3137:PLANTS
3103:145709
3077:817244
3038:201453
2947:404524
2931:APSA:
2921:APDB:
2911:AoFP:
2808:
2800:
2717:
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2441:
2364:
2320:
2312:
2240:
2201:
2191:
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2042:
2004:
1996:
1937:
1793:
1716:
1708:
1669:
1302:Abakuá
1294:AggayĂş
1290:Shango
1255:banana
1196:fungus
1145:, the
1141:, and
1137:, the
1119:nectar
1111:pollen
1051:Hawaii
1043:Panama
1035:Brazil
977:, and
923:ligule
750:Guyana
697:Mysore
658:) and
605:German
423:, the
407:, the
405:Mexico
340:Burret
3258:25903
3232:6SSHL
3219:33310
3142:RORE2
3090:62329
3059:IRMNG
3025:32237
2986:ROYRE
2960:4THPL
2924:33263
2828:(PDF)
2806:S2CID
2738:Tifey
2681:Palms
2666:(PDF)
2651:(PDF)
2621:(PDF)
2591:(PDF)
2541:(PDF)
2482:S2CID
2439:JSTOR
2386:(PDF)
2310:JSTOR
2238:S2CID
2103:JSTOR
2087:Taxon
2040:JSTOR
1994:JSTOR
1935:JSTOR
1915:(PDF)
1791:S2CID
1714:S2CID
1667:S2CID
1463:6 May
1251:sisal
1232:tifey
1059:Texas
955:Haiti
949:(the
909:Seed
869:vakka
774:var.
713:India
662:(now
566:tribe
395:, or
367:var.
289:Kunth
249:Kunth
173:Clade
160:Clade
147:Clade
134:Clade
3279:POWO
3266:IPNI
3253:GRIN
3240:GBIF
3150:POWO
3098:NCBI
3085:IUCN
3072:ITIS
3046:IPNI
3020:GRIN
3007:GBIF
2981:EPPO
2942:BOLD
2798:PMID
2715:ISBN
2584:and
2362:ISBN
2348:2023
2318:PMID
2199:PMID
2085:)".
2028:1906
2002:PMID
1706:PMID
1465:2021
1365:2021
1348:2021
1298:Palo
1253:and
1234:, a
1218:Uses
1179:and
1167:and
1115:bees
1065:and
1039:Asia
1015:and
993:and
991:Lake
953:and
835:(or
762:and
619:and
432:Cuba
401:palm
3305:WFO
3227:CoL
3176:WFO
2994:FNA
2968:EoL
2955:CoL
2914:604
2790:doi
2760:doi
2689:hdl
2659:117
2629:112
2553:doi
2517:doi
2474:doi
2470:118
2431:doi
2398:doi
2302:doi
2230:doi
2189:PMC
2181:doi
2177:104
2133:doi
2095:doi
2032:doi
1984:hdl
1976:doi
1927:doi
1822:doi
1818:151
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