359:
difference in performance times between women in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m backstroke. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m freestyle. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 4 x 50m individual medley. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m backstroke. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m breaststroke. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 2 (SP4), 3 (SP4, SP5) and 4 (SP5, SP6) in the 25m butterfly. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 2 (SP4), 3 (SP4, SP5) and 4 (SP5, SP6) in the 25m butterfly. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 50m butterfly. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 4 x 50m individual medley. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between men in 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m freestyle.
2116:
155:
143:
131:
119:
107:
2585:
382:. In 2003 the committee approved a plan which recommended the development of a universal classification code. The code was approved in 2007, and defines the "objective of classification as developing and implementing accurate, reliable and consistent sport focused classification systems", which are known as "evidence based, sport specific classification". In November 2015, they approved the revised classification code, which "aims to further develop evidence based, sport specific classification in all sports".
1984:
368:
339:
27:
204:. It found there was no significant difference in performance in times between women in A4, A5 and A6 the 100 meter 100 meter freestyle, men in A4 and A5 in the 100 meter freestyle, men in A5 and A6 in the 100 meter freestyle, women in A5 and A6 in the 50 meter butterfly, women in A4, A5 and A6 in the 4 x 50 meter individual medley, men in A5 and A6 in the 4 x 50 meter individual medley, and men and women in A4, A5 and A6 in the 100 meter backstroke.
223:
Lower limb amputations affect a person's energy cost for being mobile. To keep their oxygen consumption rate similar to people without lower limb amputations, they need to walk slower. A3 swimmers use around 41% more oxygen to walk or run the same distance as someone without a lower limb amputation. A2 swimmers use around 87% more oxygen to walk or run the same distance as someone without a lower limb amputation.
250:
539:
306:
compete against those with other disabilities, is subject to criticisms: such as that the nature of CP is that greater exertion leads to decreased dexterity and fine motor movements. This puts competitors with CP at a disadvantage when competing against people with amputations who do not lose coordination as a result of exertion.
69:. In the classification title, S represents Freestyle, Backstroke and Butterfly strokes. SB means breaststroke. SM means individual medley. Swimming classifications are on a gradient, with one being the most severely physically impaired to ten having the least amount of physical disability. Jane Buckley, writing for the
484:
Swimming classification generally has three components. The first is a bench press. The second is water test. The third is in competition observation. As part of the water test, swimmers are often required to demonstrate their swimming technique for all four strokes. They usually swim a distance
309:
CP6 swimmers tend to have a passive normalized drag in the range of 0.5 to 0.8. This puts them into the passive drag band of PDB6, PDB7, PDB8, PDB9, and PDB10. CP7 swimmers tend to have a passive normalized drag in the range of 0.6 to 0.8. This puts them into the passive drag band of PDB6, PDB8, and
292:
CP7 sportspeople are able to walk, but appear to do so while having a limp as one side of their body is more affected than the other. They may have involuntary muscle spasms on one side of their body. They have fine motor control on the dominant side of the body, which can present as asymmetry when
52:
used for categorizing swimmers based on their level of disability. Swimmers in this class have use of their arms and trunk. They have limited leg function or are missing a leg or parts of both legs. This class includes a number of different disabilities including people with amputations and cerebral
218:
A3 swimmers in this class have a similar stroke length and stroke rate to able bodied swimmers. A study was done comparing the performance of swimming competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was no significant difference in performance in times between men and women in A2 and A3
184:
Because the legs of A5, A6 and A7 are their greatest strength, they modify their entry into the water to take advantage of this. Compared to able bodied swimmers, swimmers in this class have a shorter stroke length and increased stroke rate. The nature of a person's amputations in the A5, A6 and A7
480:
Classification generally has four phases. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees in this class, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in competition and
350:
People in this class have good sitting balance. People with lesions at L4 have trunk stability, can lift a leg and can flex their hips. They can walk independently with the use of longer leg braces. They may use a wheelchair for the sake of convenience. Recommended sports include many standing
346:
This is a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level L2 - L5. Historically, this class has been known as Lower 4, Upper 5. People with lesions at L4 have issues with their lower back muscles, hip flexors and their quadriceps. People with lesions at L4 to S2 who are
222:
The nature of an A3 swimmer's amputations in this class can affect their physiology and sports performance. Because of the potential for balance issues related to having an amputation, during weight training, amputees are encouraged to use a spotter when lifting more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg).
354:
S7 swimmers with spinal cord injuries tend to be complete paraplegics with lesions below L2 to L3. When swimming, they are able to do an effective catch phase because of good hand control. They can use their arms to get power and maintain control. Their hips are higher in the water than lower
305:
and CP7 swimmers experience "swimmer's shoulder", a swimming related injury, at rates similar to their able-bodied counterparts. When fatigued, asymmetry in their stroke becomes a problem for swimmers in this class. The integrated classification system used for swimming, where swimmers with CP
405:
had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status
358:
A study was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was little significant difference in performance times between women in 4 (SP5, SP6), 5 (SP6, SP7) and 6 (SP7) in the 100m breaststroke. It found there was little significant
242:
272:
CP6 sportspeople are able to walk without the need for an assistive device. They lack coordination in all their limbs, with the greater lack of coordination involving their upper body. Their bodies are often in motion, and they cannot maintain a still state. While
414:
For this classification, organisers of the
Paralympic Games have the option of including the following events on the Paralympic programme: 50m and 100m Freestyle, 400m Freestyle, 100m Backstroke, 50m Butterfly, 100m Breaststroke and 200m Individual Medley events.
355:
numbered classes for people with spinal cord injuries. While they have no kick movement in their legs, they are able to keep their legs in a streamlined position. They use their hands for turns. They either do a sitting dive start or start in the water.
481:
the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class. Sometimes the health examination may not be done on site for amputees in this class because the nature of the amputation could cause alterations to the body that are not physically visible.
919:
496:
on a national level. The classification test has three components: "a bench test, a water test, observation during competition." American swimmers are assessed by four people: a medical classifier, two general classifiers and a technical classifier.
185:
class can affect their physiology and sports performance. Because they are missing a limb, amputees are more prone to overuse injuries in their remaining limbs. Common problems for intact upper limbs for people in this class include
99:
ISOD amputee A2, A3, A5, A6 and A7 swimmers may be found in this class. Prior to the 1990s, the A3, A5, A6 and A7 classes were often grouped with other amputee classes in swimming competitions, including the
Paralympic Games.
300:
swimmers have slower start times than other people in their classes. They are also more likely to interlock their hands when underwater in some strokes to prevent hand drift, which increases drag while swimming.
927:
73:, describes the swimmers in this classification as having: "full use of their arms and trunk with some leg function; Coordination or weakness problems on the same side of the body; Limb loss of 2 limbs."
1796:
1651:
2096:
592:
347:
complete paraplegics may have motor function issues in their glutes and hamstrings. Their quadriceps are likely to be unaffected. Sensation below the knees and in the groin area may be absent.
219:
in the 50 meter breaststroke, men and women in A2 and A3 in the 50 meter freestyle, men and women in A2, A3 and A4 in the 25 meter butterfly, and men in A2 and A3 in the 50 meter backstroke.
1964:
1832:
2565:
527:. American swimmers who have been classified by the United States Paralympic Committee as being in this class include Alexis Allen, Carly Allen, Segun Arigbede and Benjamin Park.
289:, CP6 competitors have "flight" while they are ambulant in that it is possible for both feet to not be touching the ground while walking. CP2 and CP3 are unable to do this.
154:
142:
130:
118:
106:
2089:
1326:
1228:
1198:
885:
827:
689:
656:
1439:
1681:
596:
1807:
2082:
1925:
1957:
1484:
1258:
2558:
1603:
1574:
1868:
1044:
524:
1694:
1629:
1378:
2907:
1950:
2551:
2655:
1843:
506:
2126:
2105:
986:
485:
of 25 meters for each stroke. They are also generally required to demonstrate how they enter the water and how they turn in the pool.
493:
402:
379:
54:
2785:
2426:
2181:
1780:
1467:
1422:
1309:
1147:
1073:
1028:
868:
808:
772:
639:
2391:
1519:
489:
319:
727:"The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes"
565:
1550:
835:
452:
In the 200 m individual medley event held in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, the S7 men's world record is held by Israel's
2690:
2595:
2574:
2231:
94:
2840:
2481:
1973:
1164:
389:
said this classification was graded along a gradient, with S1 being the most disabled and S10 being the least disabled.
49:
1107:
952:
351:
related sports. People in this class have a total respiratory capacity of 88% compared to people without a disability.
2750:
2351:
293:
they are in motion. People in this class tend to have energy expenditure similar to people without cerebral palsy.
2115:
1495:
1269:
1607:
429:
398:
371:
282:
201:
1360:
National
Governing Body for Athletics of Wheelchair Sports, USA. Chapter 2: Competition Rules for Athletics
762:
2736:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2237:
2316:
286:
1299:
406:
confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis.
2584:
2886:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2532:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2327:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2192:
2187:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
1387:
302:
297:
278:
274:
266:
262:
236:
232:
190:
338:
2881:
2876:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2527:
2522:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2033:
2028:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1983:
333:
213:
179:
175:
171:
26:
20:
1744:
1655:
1459:
Rehabilitation: Mobility, Exercise, and Sports : 4th
International State-of-the-Art Congress
492:
or their state swimming governing body. In the United States, classification is handled by the
566:"Understanding Classification: A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports"
464:
In the 400 m freestyle long course event, the S7 men's world record is held by Great
Britain's
367:
1776:
1736:
1556:
1546:
1463:
1418:
1305:
1143:
1024:
864:
804:
768:
635:
516:
469:
437:
186:
70:
2676:
1728:
1358:
1179:
512:
66:
1606:. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. 2008. Archived from
1163:
Richter, Kenneth J.; Adams-Mushett, Carol; Ferrara, Michael S.; McCann, B. Cairbre (1992).
1896:
441:
2671:
2666:
2661:
258:
249:
241:
82:
2074:
1456:
Woude, Luc H. V.; Hoekstra, F.; Groot, S. De; Bijker, K. E.; Dekker, R. (2010-01-01).
2901:
1748:
1716:
544:
520:
194:
30:
1527:
726:
436:
event, with a time of 00:27.67. The S7 women's world record is held by the
American
1717:"Paralympic Classification: Conceptual Basis, Current Methods, and Research Update"
569:
324:
People with spinal cord injuries compete in this class, including F6 sportspeople.
19:
This article is about the disability swimming classification. For other uses, see
1770:
1457:
1412:
1137:
1018:
858:
798:
629:
2543:
465:
453:
433:
1942:
1732:
534:
468:
with a time of 4:42.81. The S7 women's world record is held by the
Australian
1897:"U.S. Paralympics National Classification Policies & Procedures SWIMMING"
1560:
1740:
1386:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
200:
A study was done comparing the performance of swimming competitors at the
456:
with a time of 2:29.01 (breaking the last record by almost 2 seconds).
1325:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
1227:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
1197:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
1183:
884:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
688:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
655:
Tim-Taek, Oh; Osborough, Conor; Burkett, Brendan; Payton, Carl (2015).
1414:
Wheelchair Sport: A Complete Guide for
Athletes, Coaches, and Teachers
488:
In Australia, to be classified in this category, athletes contact the
1327:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
1229:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
1199:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
886:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
690:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
657:"Consideration of Passive Drag in IPC Swimming Classification System"
1715:
Tweedy, Sean M.; Beckman, Emma M.; Connick, Mark J. (August 2014).
2816:
2811:
2447:
2197:
857:
DeLisa, Joel A.; Gans, Bruce M.; Walsh, Nicholas E. (2005-01-01).
366:
253:
The spasticity athetosis level and location of a CP6 sportsperson.
248:
245:
The spasticity athetosis level and location of a CP7 sportsperson.
240:
257:
This class includes people with several disability types include
81:
This class includes people with several disability types include
2826:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2217:
2212:
2207:
342:
Functional profile of a wheelchair sportsperson in the F6 class.
2547:
2078:
1946:
764:
Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, The Paralympic Athlete
2821:
2452:
2337:
2332:
2322:
2202:
1840:
Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association
1769:
Gilbert, Keith; Schantz, Otto J.; Schantz, Otto (2008-01-01).
1165:"llntegrated Swimming Classification : A Faulted System"
860:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice
1652:"Canada's Dorris wins Paralympic gold and sets world record"
1874:. Australian Paralympic Committee. 8 March 2011. p. 3
1440:"IWF RULES FOR COMPETITION, BOOK 4 – CLASSIFICATION RULES"
761:
Vanlandewijck, Yves C.; Thompson, Walter R. (2011-07-13).
511:
Swimmers who have competed in this classification include
444:
holds the women’s S7 50m butterfly world record at 32.99.
593:"Paralympic dreams: Croydon Hills teen a hotshot in pool"
440:
with a time of 00:31.64. As of September 2021, Canada’s
296:
Because of the neuromuscular nature of their disability,
160:
Visualization of an A2 classified swimmer competing in S7
148:
Visualization of an A3 classified swimmer competing in S7
136:
Visualization of an A7 classified swimmer competing in S7
124:
Visualization of an A6 classified swimmer competing in S7
112:
Visualization of an A5 classified swimmer competing in S7
1492:
International Paralympic Committee Classification Manual
1266:
International Paralympic Committee Classification Manual
432:
holds the S7 men's world record for the 50 m freestyle
920:"CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY"
1891:
1889:
1483:
International Paralympic Committee (February 2005).
1257:
International Paralympic Committee (February 2005).
797:
Miller, Mark D.; Thompson, Stephen R. (2014-04-04).
1899:. United States Paralympic Committee. 26 June 2011
1545:. Auckland, N.Z.: Hodder Moa Beckett. p. 18.
269:class swimmers are sometimes found in this class.
1543:Against the odds : New Zealand Paralympians
387:Against the odds : New Zealand Paralympians
1772:The Paralympic Games: Empowerment Or Side Show?
1630:"IPC Swimming World Records Long Course - 50FR"
1485:"SWIMMING CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION MANUAL"
1259:"SWIMMING CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION MANUAL"
987:"Kategorie postiženà handicapovaných sportovců"
756:
754:
752:
559:
557:
555:
1363:. United States: Wheelchair Sports, USA. 2003.
1017:Cashman, Richmard; Darcy, Simon (2008-01-01).
800:DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
53:palsy. The classification is governed by the
2559:
2090:
1958:
1115:ComisiĂłn Nacional de Cultura FĂsica y Deporte
960:ComisiĂłn Nacional de Cultura FĂsica y Deporte
737:. International Medical Society of Paraplegia
8:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
628:Scott, Riewald; Scott, Rodeo (2015-06-01).
2566:
2552:
2544:
2097:
2083:
2075:
1965:
1951:
1943:
523:who all won medals in their class at the
1139:Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes
725:van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985).
337:
57:, and competes at the Paralympic Games.
25:
1695:"IPC Swimming World Records LC - 400FR"
1680:was invoked but never defined (see the
1372:
1370:
1052:International Federation of CP Football
683:
681:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
551:
102:
1721:Paralympic Sports Medicine and Science
1353:
1351:
1293:
1291:
1289:
947:
945:
914:
912:
910:
822:
820:
378:The classification was created by the
1377:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
1102:
1100:
1098:
1012:
1010:
1008:
981:
979:
977:
863:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
720:
718:
716:
714:
428:As of February 2013, Great Britain's
7:
1928:. International Paralympic Committee
1632:. International Paralympic Committee
1411:Goosey-Tolfrey, Vicky (2010-01-01).
1336:. International Paralympic Committee
1301:Adapted Physical Education and Sport
1238:. International Paralympic Committee
1208:. International Paralympic Committee
895:. International Paralympic Committee
699:. International Paralympic Committee
666:. International Paralympic Committee
507:Category:S7-classified para swimmers
2106:Cerebral palsy sport classification
1675:
1172:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
1869:"Classification Information Sheet"
1582:International Paralympic Committee
1524:International Paralympic Committee
595:. Maroondah Weekly. Archived from
494:United States Paralympic Committee
403:International Paralympic Committee
380:International Paralympic Committee
55:International Paralympic Committee
14:
1298:Winnick, Joseph P. (2011-01-01).
281:and CP6 have similar issues with
197:and peripheral nerve entrapment.
2583:
2114:
1982:
1676:Cite error: The named reference
537:
153:
141:
129:
117:
105:
1575:"Rio 2016 Classification Guide"
1136:Broad, Elizabeth (2014-02-06).
490:Australian Paralympic Committee
320:Wheelchair sport classification
993:(in Czech). September 12, 2008
591:Shackell, James (2012-07-24).
1:
2908:Para swimming classifications
2575:Amputee sports classification
1108:"Clasificaciones de Ciclismo"
1081:Sportability British Columbia
953:"Clasificaciones de Ciclismo"
95:Amputee sports classification
50:para-swimming classifications
1974:Para-swimming classification
1775:. Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
1117:(in Mexican Spanish). Mexico
962:(in Mexican Spanish). Mexico
803:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
16:Para-swimming classification
1520:"History of Classification"
834:. June 2012. Archived from
374:is an S7 classified swimmer
65:This classification is for
33:is an S7 classified swimmer
2924:
1733:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.04.013
1380:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
1074:"Classification Made Easy"
631:Science of Swimming Faster
504:
331:
317:
230:
211:
169:
92:
18:
2835:
2780:
2745:
2685:
2650:
2590:
2581:
2476:
2421:
2386:
2346:
2311:
2226:
2176:
2121:
2112:
1989:
1980:
1833:"Classification Profiles"
1604:"Swimming Classification"
1045:"Classification Rulebook"
767:. John Wiley & Sons.
61:Classification definition
399:2016 Summer Paralympics
393:At the Paralympic Games
202:1984 Summer Paralympics
1797:"CLASSIFICATION GUIDE"
1438:IWAS (20 March 2011).
564:Buckley, Jane (2011).
472:in a time of 4:59.02.
375:
343:
254:
246:
34:
2656:Wheelchair basketball
1541:Gray, Alison (1997).
370:
341:
252:
244:
29:
828:"Classification 101"
314:Spinal cord injuries
237:CP7 (classification)
233:CP6 (classification)
191:shoulder impingement
1658:. September 3, 2021
1530:on August 22, 2023.
1023:. Benchmark Games.
334:F6 (classification)
214:A3 (classification)
208:Lower limb amputees
180:A7 (classification)
176:A6 (classification)
172:A5 (classification)
166:Upper limb amputees
1849:on August 18, 2016
1804:Swimming Australia
1656:The Sports Network
1417:. Human Kinetics.
1304:. Human Kinetics.
1184:10.1123/apaq.9.1.5
838:on August 16, 2016
634:. Human Kinetics.
476:Getting classified
376:
344:
255:
247:
35:
2895:
2894:
2541:
2540:
2072:
2071:
517:Chantal Boonacker
470:Jacqueline Freney
438:Mallory Weggemann
85:and amputations.
71:Sporting Wheelies
2915:
2677:4.5 point player
2587:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2118:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2076:
1986:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1922:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1842:. Archived from
1837:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1813:on June 15, 2016
1812:
1806:. Archived from
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1610:on 14 March 2012
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1526:. Archived from
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1494:. Archived from
1489:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1453:
1447:
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1435:
1429:
1428:
1408:
1402:
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1399:
1398:
1392:
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1355:
1346:
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1343:
1341:
1334:VISTA Conference
1331:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1295:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1268:. Archived from
1263:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1236:VISTA Conference
1233:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1206:VISTA Conference
1203:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1169:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1133:
1127:
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1122:
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1093:
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1078:
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1063:
1061:
1059:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1014:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
983:
972:
971:
969:
967:
957:
949:
940:
939:
937:
935:
930:on April 4, 2015
926:. Archived from
924:Queensland Sport
916:
905:
904:
902:
900:
893:VISTA Conference
890:
881:
875:
874:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
824:
815:
814:
794:
779:
778:
758:
747:
746:
744:
742:
722:
709:
708:
706:
704:
697:VISTA Conference
694:
685:
676:
675:
673:
671:
664:VISTA Conference
661:
652:
646:
645:
625:
608:
607:
605:
604:
588:
582:
581:
579:
577:
572:on 11 April 2011
568:. Archived from
561:
547:
542:
541:
540:
525:2008 Paralympics
513:Veronica Almeida
157:
145:
133:
121:
109:
77:Disability types
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2898:
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2891:
2831:
2776:
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2646:
2588:
2577:
2572:
2542:
2537:
2472:
2417:
2382:
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2222:
2172:
2119:
2108:
2103:
2073:
2068:
1987:
1976:
1971:
1941:
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1020:Benchmark Games
1016:
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442:Danielle Dorris
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2672:4 point player
2669:
2667:3 point player
2664:
2662:2 point player
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2016:
2011:
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1996:
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1054:. January 2015
1036:
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477:
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394:
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259:cerebral palsy
228:
227:Cerebral palsy
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167:
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150:
147:
140:
138:
135:
128:
126:
123:
116:
114:
111:
104:
90:
87:
83:cerebral palsy
78:
75:
62:
59:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2920:
2909:
2906:
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2451:
2449:
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2427:Nordic skiing
2424:
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2204:
2201:
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2182:Alpine skiing
2179:
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2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
2000:
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1995:
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1991:
1985:
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1975:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1927:
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1919:
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1911:
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1789:
1784:
1782:9781841262659
1778:
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1734:
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1727:(85): S11-7.
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1515:
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1501:on 2016-11-04
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1469:9781607500803
1465:
1462:. IOS Press.
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1424:9780736086769
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1407:
1404:
1393:on 2016-11-04
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1311:9780736089180
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1145:
1142:. CRC Press.
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599:on 2012-12-04
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521:Kirsten Bruhn
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31:Amanda Fraser
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1930:. Retrieved
1901:. Retrieved
1876:. Retrieved
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1844:the original
1839:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1808:the original
1803:
1791:
1771:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1724:
1720:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1689:
1672:
1662:September 3,
1660:. Retrieved
1646:
1634:. Retrieved
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:the original
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1584:. March 2016
1581:
1569:
1542:
1536:
1528:the original
1523:
1514:
1503:. Retrieved
1496:the original
1491:
1478:
1458:
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1413:
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1388:the original
1379:
1359:
1338:. Retrieved
1333:
1320:
1300:
1277:. Retrieved
1270:the original
1265:
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1083:. July 2011
576:12 November
501:Competitors
466:Josef Craig
454:Mark Malyar
434:long course
1700:5 February
1678:Tokyo 2020
1636:5 February
1552:1869585666
1505:2016-08-03
1397:2016-08-03
1279:2016-08-03
731:Paraplegia
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1682:help page
1561:154294284
385:In 1997,
189:tearing,
2902:Category
2841:Swimming
2482:Swimming
1853:July 22,
1817:June 24,
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397:For the
283:Athetoid
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2751:Cycling
2596:General
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2127:General
419:Records
363:History
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2786:Skiing
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