814:
780:, to give the final decision to the National Assembly, whose majority is normally on the government's side, but as regarding the constitutional laws the administration must have the Senate's agreement. This does not happen frequently; usually the two houses eventually agree on the bill, or the administration decides to withdraw it. This power however gives the National Assembly a prominent role in the law-making process, especially since the administration is necessarily of the same side as the Assembly, for the Assembly can dismiss the administration through a motion of censure.
647:
437:
870:, including regional councillors, department councillors, mayors, municipal councillors in large communes, as well as members of the National Assembly. However, 90% of the electors are delegates appointed by councillors. This system introduces a bias in the composition of the Senate favoring rural areas. As a consequence, while the political majority changes frequently in the National Assembly, the Senate has remained politically right, with one brief exception, since the foundation of the
397:
1258:
6039:
203:
65:
784:
members that signed cannot sign another petition until that session of
Parliament has ended. If the petition gets the required support, a vote of censure must gain an absolute majority of all members, not just those voting. If the Assembly and the Senate have politically distinct majorities, the Assembly will in most cases prevail, and open conflict between the two houses is uncommon.
6027:
1776:
602:
As a result of its election relying on what is often summed up as rural mayors, it has had a right-wing majority since 1958, with only a three-year exception in 2011–2014. The left has historically opposed the very existence of a second chamber, while the right defends it, and controversies over the
798:
Until
September 2004, the Senate had 321 members, each elected to serve for a nine-year term. In that month, the term was reduced to six years, while – to reflect a growth in the country's population – the number of senators was set to increase progressively, to reach 348 by 2011. Senators had been
598:
famously called a "grand council of the communes of France". Over time, it developed a sense of independence as a "guardian of the institutions" and "guardian of liberties", favoured by the fact that senators are on average older than members of the
National Assembly, and join the house in the last
783:
The power to pass a vote of censure, or vote of no confidence, is limited. As was the case in the Fourth
Republic's constitution, new cabinets do not have to receive a vote of confidence. Also, a vote of censure can occur only after 10 per cent of the members sign a petition; if rejected, those
776:). Because both houses may amend the bill, it may take several readings to reach an agreement between the National Assembly and the Senate. When the Senate and the National Assembly cannot agree on a bill, the administration can decide, after a procedure called
916:
The Senate has a larger share of citizens (especially of local descent, compared to non-citizens) among its voters compared to other institutions. Also, Senate voters have a higher income, capital and land possession compared to general voters.
2668:
1188:
292:
2574:
897:
representing more than 50% of the population, still failed to achieve a majority in the Senate. The Senate has also been accused of being a "refuge" for politicians that have lost their seats in the
2223:
825:. The President of the Senate is, under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, first in the line of succession—in case of death, resignation or removal from office (only for health reasons)—to the
4880:
813:
4660:
2642:
1101:
265:
2628:
1393:
1043:
247:
2567:
1285:
678:, the latter as the French Senate), but these were only nominally legislative bodies – technically they were not legislative, but rather advisory bodies on the model of the
2602:
1072:
256:
2213:
1725:
5200:
2560:
4986:
4552:
2182:
1858:
2706:
1813:
2198:
557:), as well as by representatives of French citizens living abroad. Senators have six-year terms, with half of the seats up for election every three years.
572:
has to rely: in case of disagreement, the
Assembly can in many cases have the last word, although the Senate keeps a role in some key procedures, such as
5748:
5249:
3541:
2622:
2177:
1848:
1573:
1409:
1159:
808:
611:
283:
160:
2208:
5422:
4325:
1893:
1853:
5702:
4151:
2145:
5768:
5682:
4700:
4685:
2512:
4453:
5084:
3683:
5853:
787:
The Senate is also the representative of the territories and often defends the regions and mayors, as per article 24 of the
Constitution.
5193:
4807:
4570:
4226:
4216:
2502:
2492:
1679:
1462:
586:; as in many countries, it assigned the upper chamber with the role of moderating the lower, although for a long time as an ally of the
5938:
5863:
4655:
3583:
1919:
1477:
5783:
5372:
4627:
4612:
2543:
1843:
1762:
1554:
1420:
1338:
2390:
2385:
2380:
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2370:
5898:
5437:
4895:
4736:
4690:
2699:
2360:
2203:
1806:
1656:
1564:
1544:
1514:
826:
718:
121:
6004:
5953:
5883:
5818:
5687:
5617:
5477:
5324:
5314:
5284:
1661:
1440:
845:
5166:
6064:
5999:
5918:
5888:
5720:
5537:
5487:
5427:
5362:
5186:
4915:
4490:
2654:
2608:
1734:
1704:
6069:
5728:
5607:
5387:
4838:
4480:
4458:
4399:
4394:
2218:
1714:
1671:
1445:
1388:
985:
686:
229:
6017:
2102:
5710:
5627:
5432:
5352:
4905:
4384:
4221:
3853:
1786:
1313:
910:
583:
1699:
790:
The Senate also serves to monitor the administration's actions by publishing many reports each year on various topics.
472:
461:
5602:
5304:
5023:
4743:
4617:
4607:
4355:
4196:
4144:
3773:
3558:
2692:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2138:
2067:
1799:
1719:
1692:
1450:
1239:
902:
882:
745:
737:
729:
627:
364:
345:
5928:
1348:
1323:
5893:
5547:
5447:
4934:
4855:
4622:
4532:
4511:
4211:
4201:
4191:
3301:
3086:
2981:
1873:
1611:
1509:
1384:
898:
761:
561:
530:
1709:
5577:
5552:
5382:
5357:
5319:
5289:
5239:
5114:
4870:
4785:
4758:
4675:
4602:
4470:
4315:
4078:
3748:
3608:
3311:
3256:
3101:
2931:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2350:
2345:
2340:
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2320:
2315:
2310:
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2300:
2295:
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2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
1868:
690:
631:
383:
3988:
3516:
2041:
646:
6059:
5753:
5733:
4695:
4665:
4270:
3753:
2946:
2896:
1455:
1333:
1130:
733:
550:
274:
171:
3141:
2836:
901:. The left, led by the Socialist Party, gained control of the Senate for the first time since 1958 during the
3918:
599:
part of their career. Debates in the Senate tend to be less tense and generally receive less media coverage.
5943:
5908:
5738:
5562:
5254:
4951:
4780:
4726:
4680:
4369:
4048:
3643:
3613:
3386:
3216:
2881:
2233:
1831:
1666:
1504:
1271:
857:
5813:
3783:
3763:
3618:
2916:
5933:
5913:
5868:
5858:
5056:
5018:
4976:
4961:
4753:
4575:
4475:
4137:
3593:
3431:
3426:
3031:
2131:
1757:
875:
799:
elected in thirds every three years; this was also changed to one half of their number every three years.
757:
714:
702:
573:
449:
126:
3948:
3903:
3738:
3718:
3603:
3251:
2876:
2736:
1946:
5692:
5672:
5647:
5597:
5497:
5347:
4981:
4971:
4763:
4587:
4495:
4430:
3878:
3808:
3733:
3723:
3548:
3336:
3191:
3016:
2821:
2751:
2163:
1651:
1630:
1278:
890:
871:
722:
591:
56:
5803:
4113:
4008:
3993:
3758:
3693:
3663:
3506:
3456:
3266:
3196:
3076:
3046:
3026:
2901:
2811:
673:
31:
4098:
4043:
4033:
3998:
3953:
3833:
3793:
3668:
3441:
3366:
3361:
3286:
3231:
3136:
3061:
2971:
2856:
829:, becoming Acting President of the Republic until a new election can be held. This happened twice for
821:
The president of the Senate is elected by senators from among their members. The current incumbent is
5878:
5848:
5793:
5642:
5557:
5512:
5502:
5492:
5329:
5006:
4547:
4485:
4374:
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4063:
4058:
4018:
3923:
3873:
3868:
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3798:
3743:
3698:
3653:
3598:
3526:
3396:
3316:
3261:
3241:
3166:
3126:
3121:
3071:
3036:
2956:
2746:
2648:
1358:
1300:
1205:
1014:
710:
667:
635:
569:
238:
4083:
4068:
3983:
3898:
3838:
3828:
3788:
3578:
3501:
3436:
3221:
3211:
3161:
3146:
3011:
2961:
2831:
2801:
1176:
618:
in case of an incapacitation or a vacancy, which last happened in 1974. The current officeholder is
5963:
5958:
5773:
5662:
5532:
5407:
5264:
5089:
5046:
4966:
4920:
4797:
4790:
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4435:
4404:
4379:
4345:
4247:
4242:
4093:
4028:
3973:
3963:
3958:
3928:
3913:
3888:
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3818:
3708:
3633:
3628:
3511:
3236:
3206:
3186:
3151:
3096:
3091:
3056:
3006:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2926:
2911:
2906:
2861:
2781:
1827:
1644:
1519:
1495:
1433:
1397:
1308:
1089:
1060:
765:
663:
659:
615:
4013:
4003:
3416:
3406:
3331:
3246:
3111:
2951:
2806:
5743:
5652:
5622:
5572:
5452:
5417:
5367:
5299:
5001:
4946:
4900:
4748:
4714:
4298:
4108:
4088:
3978:
3573:
3496:
3471:
3401:
3371:
3351:
3271:
3131:
2941:
1863:
1752:
1549:
1248:
956:
894:
220:
5948:
3908:
3863:
3678:
3568:
3521:
3411:
2996:
2851:
2786:
2756:
2028:
2020:
1031:
5903:
5833:
5798:
5677:
5637:
5587:
5527:
5522:
5482:
5402:
5397:
5309:
5294:
5234:
5147:
5129:
5124:
5109:
5094:
5033:
4996:
4910:
4843:
4833:
4821:
4802:
4670:
4597:
4420:
4320:
4206:
4186:
4163:
4038:
3893:
3638:
3623:
3563:
3537:
3446:
3356:
3341:
3321:
3201:
3181:
3176:
3156:
2886:
2766:
2761:
2024:
2016:
1485:
1413:
1377:
1257:
1147:
886:
863:
834:
822:
623:
619:
554:
526:
406:
333:
167:
87:
844:
The
President of the Senate also has the right to designate three of the nine members of the
5923:
5778:
5758:
5582:
5467:
5392:
5269:
5259:
5244:
5229:
5061:
5013:
4885:
4860:
4523:
4362:
4350:
4073:
3933:
3843:
3768:
3713:
3703:
3476:
3461:
3391:
3381:
3296:
3291:
3281:
3276:
3171:
3106:
3001:
2966:
2871:
1826:
As an indirectly elected house, the Senate is often criticised by political parties such as
1620:
1559:
1539:
1364:
973:
838:
736:
won control of the Senate for the first time since the foundation of the Fifth
Republic. In
655:
595:
587:
396:
327:
6043:
5994:
5873:
5612:
5592:
5567:
5542:
5517:
5507:
5462:
5412:
5377:
5156:
5119:
5104:
5099:
5041:
4956:
4516:
4257:
3968:
3813:
3648:
3588:
3491:
3486:
3451:
3346:
3226:
3066:
2921:
2841:
2826:
2791:
2771:
2741:
2731:
1534:
1319:
1118:
906:
698:
607:) mocks the upper house's perceived slow rhythm and readiness to let new legislation die.
565:
517:
505:
414:
4502:
3688:
3531:
2891:
5178:
2552:
5843:
5838:
5823:
5808:
5632:
5472:
5442:
5079:
5074:
5066:
4890:
4848:
4425:
3553:
3481:
3466:
3306:
3081:
3051:
3041:
3021:
2936:
2846:
2012:
1002:
694:
436:
6038:
2008:
6053:
6031:
5989:
5984:
5339:
5161:
4991:
4775:
4463:
4053:
3943:
3938:
3883:
3848:
3823:
3778:
3421:
3376:
1780:
1582:
1344:
744:
and their allies won back the control of the Senate; they retained their majority in
706:
5979:
5828:
5763:
5279:
4875:
4580:
4537:
4337:
4308:
4118:
3673:
3116:
2796:
2776:
679:
603:
Senate's role are revived from time to time. The common phrase "a senator's pace" (
579:
2118:
64:
2684:
1982:
5788:
5274:
5213:
5209:
4542:
4445:
4290:
3728:
2816:
830:
725:
which came into force on 4 October 1958, the older name of Senate was restored.
534:
522:
82:
5221:
5051:
4280:
4023:
3658:
3326:
2866:
1602:
1592:
1587:
202:
17:
487:
474:
4389:
1529:
909:
at its presidency. This proved a short-lived win, as the right, led by the
885:
in which the
Socialist Party, despite controlling all but two of France's
721:, but its function was largely the same. With the new Constitution of the
590:. The present selection mode of the Senate dates back to the start of the
2669:
Administrative meeting of senators not appearing on the list of any group
2081:
1189:
Administrative meeting of senators not appearing on the list of any group
741:
1964:
4303:
4171:
1597:
1524:
560:
The Senate enjoys less prominence than the first, or lower house, the
4592:
4160:
701:
of 1830, it became a body whose members were appointed for life. The
538:
2123:
812:
645:
410:
4865:
4275:
4129:
5182:
4133:
2688:
2556:
2127:
713:
in 1852, a Senate was established as the upper chamber. In the
697:. At first it contained hereditary peers, but following the
654:
France's first experience with an upper house was under the
817:
Gérard
Larcher has been President of the Senate since 2014.
709:
system after 1848, but soon after the establishment of the
1894:"1814-1830 : La Chambre des Pairs de la Restauration"
634:. In front of the building lies the Senate's garden, the
427:
662:
was the upper chamber. There were Senates in both the
650:
The Luxembourg Palace in Paris, where the Senate meets
6015:
2629:
Rally of Democrats, Progressive and Independent Group
2214:
Economy, Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning
5972:
5719:
5701:
5661:
5338:
5220:
5032:
4933:
4820:
4713:
4642:
4563:
4444:
4413:
4336:
4289:
4256:
4235:
4179:
4170:
2591:
2399:
2359:
2241:
2232:
2191:
2170:
1947:"French left seizes Senate majority, hurts Sarkozy"
1286:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
881:This has spurred controversy, especially after the
455:
443:
420:
389:
377:
358:
339:
325:
320:
310:
209:
192:
187:
158:
153:
133:
117:
99:
94:
76:
71:
41:
2103:Présidentielle : faut-il supprimer le Sénat?
866:by approximately 150,000 officials, known as the
541:. The French Senate is made up of 348 senators (
34:of the French Consulate and First French Empire.
1044:Rally of Democrats, Progressive and Independent
760:, the Senate has nearly the same powers as the
576:and most importantly legislation about itself.
5194:
4145:
2700:
2568:
2139:
1859:Leader of the Opposition in the French Senate
1807:
926:Composition of the Senate as of 4 March 2024
8:
4521:
4500:
4360:
2603:Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist
2082:"Liste des sénateurs par groupes politiques"
2068:"Salaries in France: How much migrants earn"
1920:"1851-1870 : Le Sénat du Second Empire"
1073:Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist
671:
2643:The Independents – Republic and Territories
1102:The Independents – Republic and Territories
5201:
5187:
5179:
4939:
4826:
4719:
4648:
4176:
4152:
4138:
4130:
2707:
2693:
2685:
2595:
2575:
2561:
2553:
2238:
2146:
2132:
2124:
2119:French Senate at Google Cultural Institute
1849:List of presidents of the Senate of France
1814:
1800:
1234:
809:List of presidents of the Senate of France
435:
395:
63:
38:
2199:Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces
913:, regained the Senate three years later.
693:was created, on the model of the British
1854:List of senators of France by department
924:
6022:
2009:Revue d'histoire politique, n° 6 2006/2
1945:Bremer, Catherine (25 September 2011).
1885:
1246:
1965:"Welcome to the French Senate - Sénat"
1726:Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
516:
7:
2623:European Democratic and Social Rally
2209:Culture, Education and Communication
1834:as not being representative enough.
1160:European Democratic and Social Rally
772:) or by either house of Parliament (
768:may be submitted by the government (
27:Upper house of the French Parliament
568:and upon the majority of which the
549:) elected by part of the country's
2042:"Sénat, le triomphe de l'anomalie"
622:. The Senate is housed inside the
582:was first introduced in France in
533:, the two houses constituting the
25:
2544:Congress of the French Parliament
2401:Senate (under the Fifth Republic)
2243:Senate (under the Third Republic)
1844:Congress of the French Parliament
1421:Congress of the French Parliament
874:, much to the displeasure of the
827:presidency of the French Republic
717:, the Senate was replaced by the
529:, with the lower house being the
6037:
6025:
5423:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1774:
1463:Cour de Justice de la République
1256:
201:
6005:List of legislatures by country
2722:1 October 2020 – 1 October 2023
670:(the former being known as the
594:, when it was turned into what
6000:List of abolished upper houses
4491:Government of National Defense
2715:Senators of France (2020–2023)
1735:Politics of the European Union
450:Constitution of 4 October 1958
175:since 1 October 2014
1:
4400:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
4395:War of the Spanish Succession
1715:France and the United Nations
905:, leading to the election of
462:Standing Orders of the Senate
2400:
2242:
911:Union for a Popular Movement
833:—once at the resignation of
658:from 1795 to 1799, when the
30:Not to be confused with the
2363:(under the Fourth Republic)
2048:. France. 25 September 2008
2005:Les socialistes et le Sénat
1985:. Senat.fr. 13 January 2011
628:6th arrondissement of Paris
365:24 September 2023
6086:
4881:French subdivisions by GDP
4628:2022 presidential election
4613:2017 presidential election
3517:Marie-Pierre de La Gontrie
1874:Women in the French Senate
1565:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
855:
848:, serving for nine years.
806:
778:commission mixte paritaire
29:
5142:
4942:
4829:
4722:
4651:
4385:Second Hundred Years' War
4227:Liberalism and radicalism
4079:Jean-Marie Vanlerenberghe
3854:Marie-Laure Phinéra-Horth
3257:Dominique Estrosi Sassone
2947:Céline Boulay-Espéronnier
2932:Alexandra Borchio-Fontimp
2897:Christine Bonfanti-Dossat
2727:
2720:
2664:
2638:
2618:
2598:
2541:
2161:
1869:Senator for life (France)
1219:
1214:
930:
837:and once at the death of
574:constitutional amendments
460:
448:
425:
403:
394:
200:
62:
54:
5688:Northern Mariana Islands
4656:Administrative divisions
3754:Catherine Morin-Desailly
3142:Annie Delmont-Koropoulis
2609:Socialist and Republican
2583:Political groups in the
2183:Leader of the Opposition
1983:"Les groupes politiques"
1478:Administrative divisions
1238:This article is part of
614:is to step in as acting
46:
4876:Franc (former currency)
4481:Coup of 2 December 1851
4454:Long nineteenth century
3919:Christian Redon-Sarrazy
3302:Christophe-André Frassa
2882:Florence Blatrix-Contat
2361:Council of the Republic
1510:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
858:French senate elections
719:Council of the Republic
612:president of the Senate
566:direct universal ballot
346:26 April 1959
141:; 11 months ago
122:Council of the Republic
5250:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4896:Science and technology
4553:Provisional Government
4522:
4501:
4361:
3749:Albéric de Montgolfier
3644:Jacques-Bernard Magner
3614:Anne-Catherine Loisier
3609:Marie-Noëlle Lienemann
3312:Joëlle Garriaud-Maylam
3032:Marie-Arlette Carlotti
1441:Constitutional Council
846:Constitutional Council
818:
758:Constitution of France
672:
651:
638:, open to the public.
564:, which is elected on
509:
105:; 65 years ago
6065:National upper houses
5428:Republic of the Congo
3784:Louis-Jean de Nicolaÿ
3764:Laurence Muller-Bronn
3734:Thani Mohamed Soilihi
3619:Jean-François Longeot
3584:Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne
3017:Vincent Capo-Canellas
2917:Philippe Bonnecarrère
816:
807:Further information:
649:
6070:Government of France
4701:World Heritage Sites
4618:Coronavirus pandemic
4104:Pierre-Jean Verzelen
4064:Jean-Marc Todeschini
4049:Sophie Taillé-Polian
4019:Patricia Schillinger
3869:Ladislas Poniatowski
3804:Jean-Jacques Panunzi
3594:Stéphane Le Rudulier
3432:Jean-François Husson
3427:Jean-Raymond Hugonet
3217:Marie-Annick Duchêne
3087:Hélène Conway-Mouret
2982:François-Noël Buffet
2747:Cathy Apourceau-Poly
1505:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
1496:Metropolitan regions
1206:Christopher Szczurek
931:Parliamentary group
921:Parliamentary groups
636:Jardin du Luxembourg
605:un train de sénateur
488:48.84833°N 2.33722°E
5628:Trinidad and Tobago
5353:Antigua and Barbuda
4839:Automotive industry
4623:2021 labor protests
4380:Peace of Westphalia
4248:History of Normandy
4243:History of Brittany
3949:Marie-Pierre Richer
3929:Jean-Claude Requier
3904:Jean-François Rapin
3889:Catherine Procaccia
3739:Marie-Pierre Monier
3719:Jean-Jacques Michau
3634:Jean-Jacques Lozach
3604:Pierre-Antoine Lévi
3512:Mikaele Kulimoetoke
3252:Frédérique Espagnac
3187:Gilbert-Luc Devinaz
2877:Jean-Baptiste Blanc
2737:Jean-Claude Anglars
1828:La France Insoumise
1520:Centre-Val de Loire
927:
774:propositions de loi
740:, the centre-right
660:Council of Ancients
630:. It is guarded by
616:president of France
484: /
139:2 October 2023
135:New session started
103:4 October 1958
55:21st Senate of the
5849:Kingdom of Ireland
5794:Dominican Republic
5438:Dominican Republic
4906:Telecommunications
4608:2015 Paris attacks
4471:Revolution of 1848
4299:Visigothic Kingdom
4089:Yannick Vaugrenard
3979:Laurence Rossignol
3879:Émilienne Poumirol
3809:Vanina Paoli-Gagin
3724:Brigitte Micouleau
3574:Dominique de Legge
3549:Florence Lassarade
3372:Jacques Grosperrin
3352:Sylvie Goy-Chavent
3337:Frédérique Gerbaud
3192:Catherine Di Folco
3132:Robert del Picchia
2837:Claude Bérit-Débat
2822:Catherine Belrhiti
2752:Jean-Michel Arnaud
2003:Gilles Le Béguec,
1864:Politics of France
1763:Political scandals
1550:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
1451:Court of Cassation
1249:Politics of France
957:Senate Republicans
925:
864:elected indirectly
819:
674:Sénat conservateur
652:
555:indirect elections
32:Sénat conservateur
6013:
6012:
5665:other territories
5503:Japan (post-1947)
5448:Equatorial Guinea
5176:
5175:
5138:
5137:
4929:
4928:
4816:
4815:
4808:Political parties
4744:Foreign relations
4709:
4708:
4638:
4637:
4421:French Revolution
4375:Thirty Years' War
4356:Absolute monarchy
4321:Kingdom of France
4217:Foreign relations
4197:Political history
4127:
4126:
4114:Jean Pierre Vogel
4039:Jean-Pierre Sueur
4009:Pascal Savoldelli
3994:Stéphane Sautarel
3894:Christine Prunaud
3759:Philippe Mouiller
3694:Pierre Médevielle
3684:Jean-Louis Masson
3664:Frédéric Marchand
3639:Philippe Madrelle
3564:Jean-Yves Leconte
3507:Christian Klinger
3457:Éric Jeansannetas
3447:Micheline Jacques
3387:Jean-Noël Guérini
3357:Jean-Pierre Grand
3342:Guillaume Gontard
3202:Philippe Dominati
3197:Élisabeth Doineau
3157:Catherine Deroche
3077:Olivier Cigolotti
3047:Anne Chain-Larché
3027:Jean-Noël Cardoux
2902:François Bonhomme
2887:Maryvonne Blondin
2812:Arnaud de Belenet
2762:Viviane Artigalas
2682:
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2677:
2550:
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1781:France portal
1720:Foreign alliances
1693:Foreign relations
1680:Political parties
1385:National Assembly
1228:
1227:
1148:Guillaume Gontard
899:National Assembly
835:Charles de Gaulle
762:National Assembly
632:Republican Guards
624:Luxembourg Palace
562:National Assembly
551:local councillors
531:National Assembly
527:French Parliament
493:48.84833; 2.33722
468:
467:
407:Luxembourg Palace
404:Salle des Séances
334:Indirect election
88:French Parliament
16:(Redirected from
6077:
6042:
6041:
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5894:Northern Ireland
5859:Japan (pre-1947)
5854:Irish Free State
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4940:
4856:Economic history
4827:
4720:
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4527:
4506:
4405:Seven Years' War
4370:Wars of Religion
4366:
4351:House of Bourbon
4346:Early modern era
4326:Fundamental laws
4202:Military history
4177:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4131:
4099:Dominique Vérien
4044:Philippe Tabarot
4034:Lucien Stanzione
3999:René-Paul Savary
3954:Olivier Rietmann
3934:Bruno Retailleau
3834:Philippe Pemezec
3819:François Patriat
3794:Pierre Ouzoulias
3769:Philippe Nachbar
3714:Michelle Meunier
3669:Monique de Marco
3462:Sophie Joissains
3442:Annick Jacquemet
3367:Daniel Gremillet
3362:Michelle Gréaume
3297:Bernard Fournier
3292:Philippe Folliot
3287:Bernard Fialaire
3282:Jacques Fernique
3232:Françoise Dumont
3152:Stéphane Demilly
3137:Vincent Delahaye
3107:Philippe Dallier
3097:Cécile Cukierman
3062:Daniel Chasseing
3002:Christian Cambon
2972:Isabelle Briquet
2912:François Bonneau
2857:Christian Bilhac
2709:
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2695:
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2148:
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1890:
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1779:
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1621:French Polynesia
1612:Overseas country
1574:Overseas regions
1560:Pays de la Loire
1446:Council of State
1398:Yaël Braun-Pivet
1260:
1235:
1090:Cécile Cukierman
1061:François Patriat
974:Bruno Retailleau
928:
889:, a majority of
868:grands électeurs
839:Georges Pompidou
691:Chamber of Peers
677:
520:
515:
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118:Preceded by
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39:
21:
6085:
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6060:Senate (France)
6050:
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5995:Multicameralism
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5115:Public holidays
5028:
4987:Life expectancy
4925:
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4603:Great Recession
4576:Fourth Republic
4571:1900 to present
4559:
4476:Second Republic
4440:
4409:
4332:
4285:
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4231:
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4059:Claudine Thomas
3969:Teva Rohfritsch
3924:André Reichardt
3909:Stéphane Ravier
3874:Raymonde Poncet
3864:Rémy Pointereau
3814:Georges Patient
3799:Olivier Paccaud
3744:Franck Montaugé
3699:Nadine Mellurot
3679:Hervé Marseille
3654:Didier Mandelli
3649:Claude Malhuret
3589:Claudine Lepage
3569:Antoine Lefèvre
3527:Bernard Lalande
3492:Fabienne Keller
3487:Roger Karoutchi
3452:Victoire Jasmin
3397:Jocelyne Guidez
3347:Nathalie Goulet
3317:Françoise Gatel
3267:Françoise Férat
3262:Gilbert Favreau
3242:Nicole Duranton
3227:Catherine Dumas
3167:Chantal Deseyne
3127:Bernard Delcros
3122:Mathieu Darnaud
3072:Patrick Chauvet
3067:Alain Chatillon
3037:Joseph Castelli
2997:François Calvet
2957:Laurent Bourgoa
2922:Nicole Bonnefoy
2842:Martine Berthet
2827:Esther Benbassa
2792:Julien Bargeton
2772:David Assouline
2757:Stéphane Artano
2742:Maurice Antiste
2732:Pascal Allizard
2723:
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2713:
2683:
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2655:The Republicans
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1787:Other countries
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1535:Hauts-de-France
1491:
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1354:
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1320:Emmanuel Macron
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1233:
1119:Claude Malhuret
1032:Hervé Marseille
923:
907:Jean-Pierre Bel
860:
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811:
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796:
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734:Socialist Party
715:Fourth Republic
703:Second Republic
699:July Revolution
689:in 1814, a new
644:
518:[seˈna]
513:
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415:French Republic
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4891:Stock exchange
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4691:National parks
4688:
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4666:Climate change
4663:
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4588:Fifth Republic
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4069:Mickaël Vallet
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4036:
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3896:
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3839:Évelyne Perrot
3836:
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3829:Cyril Pellevat
3826:
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3599:Valérie Létard
3596:
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3579:Ronan Le Gleut
3576:
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3559:Pierre Laurent
3556:
3554:Daniel Laurent
3551:
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3538:Gérard Larcher
3534:
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3514:
3509:
3504:
3502:Éric Kerrouche
3499:
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3482:Alain Joyandet
3479:
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3467:Bernard Jomier
3464:
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3437:Corinne Imbert
3434:
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3329:
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3322:André Gattolin
3319:
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4094:Anne Ventalon
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4074:André Vallini
4072:
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4054:Lana Tetuanui
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4029:Laurent Somon
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3989:Daniel Salmon
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3974:Bruno Rojouan
3972:
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3964:Gilbert Roger
3962:
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3959:Sylvie Robert
3957:
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3944:Alain Richard
3942:
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3939:Charles Revet
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3884:Sophie Primas
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3859:Sébastien Pla
3857:
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3849:Annick Petrus
3847:
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3844:Cédric Perrin
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3824:Philippe Paul
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3709:Marie Mercier
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3477:Gisèle Jourda
3475:
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3420:
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3408:
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3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:Joël Guerriau
3390:
3388:
3385:
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3382:Charles Guené
3380:
3378:
3377:Pascale Gruny
3375:
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3300:
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3280:
3278:
3277:Corinne Féret
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
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3240:
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3237:Jérôme Durain
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
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3210:
3208:
3207:Thomas Dossus
3205:
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3200:
3198:
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3185:
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3172:Félix Desplan
3170:
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3115:
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3110:
3108:
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3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Thierry Cozic
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Pierre Charon
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:Agnès Canayer
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Olivier Cadic
2990:
2988:
2987:Henri Cabanel
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Céline Brulin
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2967:Valérie Boyer
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Michel Bonnus
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:Bernard Bonne
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Étienne Blanc
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:Annick Billon
2860:
2858:
2855:
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2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Jérémy Bacchi
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
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2620:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2585:French Senate
2578:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2545:
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2527:
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2259:
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2240:
2237:
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2231:
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2207:
2205:
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2200:
2197:
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2184:
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2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2144:
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2137:
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2130:
2129:
2126:
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2117:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:, pp. 57–72,
2010:
2007:, Parlement,
2006:
2000:
1997:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1875:
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1609:
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1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:French Guiana
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:Île-de-France
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
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1408:
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1399:
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1379:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1345:Gabriel Attal
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:Constitutions
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1221:
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1198:
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1187:
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1129:
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1123:
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1117:
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1111:
1108:
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1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:
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1079:
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1050:
1047:
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1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
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1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
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989:
987:
984:
981:
979:
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975:
972:
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966:
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958:
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952:
950:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
929:
920:
918:
914:
912:
908:
904:
903:2011 election
900:
896:
893:, as well as
892:
888:
884:
883:2008 election
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
862:Senators are
859:
851:
849:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
815:
810:
802:
800:
793:
791:
788:
785:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:Second Empire
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
676:
675:
669:
665:
661:
657:
648:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
600:
597:
596:Léon Gambetta
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
511:
507:
503:
497:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
442:
438:
433:
424:
419:
416:
412:
408:
402:
398:
393:
390:Meeting place
388:
385:
382:
379:Next election
376:
373:
363:
360:Last election
357:
354:
344:
338:
335:
332:
329:
328:Voting system
324:
319:
315:
309:
303:
297:
294:
288:
285:
279:
276:
270:
267:
261:
258:
252:
249:
243:
240:
234:
231:
225:
222:
216:
215:
214:
208:
204:
199:
195:
191:
186:
173:
169:
165:
162:
157:
152:
138:
132:
128:
123:
120:
116:
102:
98:
93:
89:
84:
79:
75:
70:
66:
61:
58:
53:
49:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5980:Bicameralism
5944:Soviet Union
5934:South Africa
5799:East Germany
5749:Burkina Faso
5608:South Africa
5457:
5214:legislatures
5212:of national
5210:Upper houses
5057:Coat of arms
5047:Architecture
5019:Social class
4977:Homelessness
4962:Demographics
4916:Trade unions
4849:Central bank
4791:criminal law
4754:Human rights
4737:presidential
4581:Algerian War
4564:Contemporary
4538:Vichy France
4533:World War II
4503:Belle Époque
4436:First Empire
4338:Early Modern
4309:West Francia
4119:Richard Yung
4014:Elsa Schalck
4004:Michel Savin
3689:Hervé Maurey
3674:Didier Marie
3536:
3532:Marc Laménie
3417:Jean Hingray
3407:Ludovic Haye
3332:Fabien Genet
3247:Vincent Eblé
3117:Laure Darcos
3112:Ronan Dantec
2952:Yves Bouloux
2892:Éric Bocquet
2807:Arnaud Bazin
2797:Philippe Bas
2777:Serge Babary
2584:
2154:
2105:(in French).
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2076:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
2004:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1977:
1969:www.senat.fr
1968:
1959:
1950:
1940:
1928:. Retrieved
1923:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1897:
1888:
1825:
1758:Human rights
1657:Presidential
1629:
1610:
1572:
1494:
1484:
1461:
1404:
1357:
1332:
1307:
1284:
1215:
915:
880:
867:
861:
843:
820:
797:
789:
786:
782:
777:
773:
769:
755:
727:
684:
680:Roman Senate
653:
609:
604:
601:
580:Bicameralism
578:
559:
546:
542:
501:
469:
444:Constitution
301:
47:
36:
5939:South Korea
5884:New Zealand
5814:El Salvador
5744:British Raj
5729:Afghanistan
5693:Puerto Rico
5683:Isle of Man
5598:Saint Lucia
5578:Philippines
5558:Netherlands
5493:Ivory Coast
5325:Switzerland
5315:South Sudan
5167:WikiProject
4982:Immigration
4972:Health care
4834:Agriculture
4786:enforcement
4543:Free France
4512:World War I
4459:Restoration
4446:Late Modern
4316:Middle Ages
4291:Middle Ages
4276:Celtic Gaul
4109:Cedric Vial
3729:Alain Milon
3497:Claude Kern
3472:Else Joseph
3402:André Guiol
3272:Rémi Féraud
3022:Rémi Cardon
2942:Denis Bouad
2817:Bruno Belin
2013:L'Harmattan
1926:(in French)
1900:(in French)
1662:Legislative
1652:Referendums
1631:Departments
1378:Legislature
1216:Vacant seat
1208:(delegate)
937:Associated
891:departments
831:Alain Poher
794:Composition
687:Restoration
535:legislature
523:upper house
491: /
83:Upper house
6054:Categories
5879:Mauritania
5769:Costa Rica
5711:Somaliland
5643:Uzbekistan
5618:Tajikistan
5533:Madagascar
5513:Kazakhstan
5110:Philosophy
5095:Literature
5007:secularism
4803:Parliament
4598:2005 riots
4548:Liberation
4414:Revolution
4281:Roman Gaul
4266:Prehistory
4222:Journalism
4024:Bruno Sido
3779:Alain Néri
3659:Alain Marc
3522:Joël Labbé
3412:Loïc Hervé
3327:Fabien Gay
2867:Jean Bizet
2852:Joël Bigot
2787:Jean Bacci
2192:Committees
2046:Libération
1930:23 January
1904:23 January
1880:References
1593:Martinique
1588:Guadeloupe
1389:Membership
1359:Government
946:President
876:Socialists
756:Under the
707:unicameral
570:Government
547:sénatrices
514:pronounced
476:48°50′54″N
369:2023-09-24
350:1959-04-26
179:2014-10-01
154:Leadership
146:2023-10-02
110:1958-10-04
5959:Venezuela
5889:Nicaragua
5478:Indonesia
5235:Australia
5230:Argentina
4967:Education
4921:Transport
4771:Judiciary
4732:Elections
4686:Mountains
4644:Geography
4390:Louis XIV
4180:Overviews
3542:President
2234:Elections
2178:President
2171:Positions
2031:(online).
2029:1760-6233
2021:1768-6520
1672:Municipal
1645:Elections
1555:Occitania
1530:Grand Est
1434:Judiciary
1410:President
1394:President
1309:President
1301:Executive
1231:Criticism
1131:Ecologist
986:Socialist
940:Attached
803:President
742:Gaullists
685:With the
656:Directory
588:executive
543:sénateurs
521:) is the
479:2°20′14″E
464:(English)
321:Elections
188:Structure
161:President
6044:Politics
5914:Rhodesia
5904:Portugal
5869:Maldives
5819:Ethiopia
5653:Zimbabwe
5623:Thailand
5603:Slovenia
5573:Paraguay
5453:Eswatini
5418:Colombia
5403:Cameroon
5398:Cambodia
5368:Barbados
5300:Pakistan
5280:Malaysia
5265:Ethiopia
5157:Category
5090:Language
5002:Religion
4947:Abortion
4901:Taxation
4798:Military
4759:Intersex
4749:Politics
4715:Politics
4517:Interwar
4212:Economic
4207:Language
4192:Timeline
2671:(RASNAG)
2052:21 April
2023:(print)
1989:21 April
1838:See also
1830:and the
1753:Centrism
1705:Americas
1545:Normandy
1515:Brittany
1240:a series
934:Members
895:communes
852:Election
6018:Portals
5973:Related
5924:Senegal
5909:Prussia
5834:Hungary
5804:Ecuador
5789:Denmark
5774:Croatia
5734:Austria
5721:Defunct
5678:Bermuda
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2019:
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