1948:(retrieved 26 September 2012, text in Russian only) shows twenty different examples. All are apparently glass-bound lantern slides, with at least one in the 3.25-inch-square British standard format. Some were made from negatives now in the Library of Congress, some from lost negatives previously known only from the albums of small black-and-white prints Prokudin-Gorsky routinely made from one of the three elements. Some are still life arrangements of unknown provenance, possibly from the 1920s, and two are circa 1935 portraits of his children. He appears to have used at least two different processes. In one category of specimens, all except the cyan layer has badly faded, typically contracting and splitting as well. This indicates both the use of unstable dyes and an assemblage of layers somewhat like that in the circa 1900 Sanger-Shepherd process, in which a stable cyan-toned image in an emulsion on glass was laminated with magenta and yellow dye images on very thin sheets of chemically unstable celluloid. The splitting is evocative of an earlier Lumière process that incorporated alternating layers of dissimilar materials. Another category of specimens shows neither drastic differential fading nor splitting. One slide in this latter category bears a labelthat explicitly credits a Prokudin-Gorsky process. The basic principle involved had been patented by
597:, and it photographed the images in unconventional blue-green-red sequence, which is also a characteristic of Prokudin-Gorsky's negatives if the usual upside-down image in a camera and gravity-compliant downward shiftings of his plates are assumed. An inventor as well as a photographer, Prokudin-Gorsky patented an optical system for cameras of the simultaneous-exposure type, and it is often claimed or implied that he invented, or at least built, the camera used for his Russian Empire project. No definite written or photographic documentation of his field equipment is known to exist, only the evidence inherent in the photographs themselves, and no rationale has been suggested for going to the trouble and expense of building a functionally identical copy of a Miethe-Bermpohl camera instead of simply buying one.
1538:(accessed 26 September 2012) reports six weeks of study with Miethe in 1902. Other accounts give the year as 1889, but a primary source for that extremely early date is not apparent and it does not accord with the circa 1889 biographical details of either man. The major English-language source reporting 1889 (Adamson and Zinkham, p. 108) describes Miethe as "A brilliant young professor at the Charlottenburg Technische Hochschule..." and states (footnote, same page) that "While in Berlin, Prokudin-Gorskii is said to have given technical courses in photochemistry and spectrum analysis at the Technische Hochschule...", which evidences confusion of the facts somewhere along the line: biographies of Miethe all agree that he, not Prokudin-Gorsky, was the professor of photochemistry and spectroanalysis at the
1057:
1029:
1045:
861:
1266:
742:
843:
1250:
880:
915:
896:
1081:
74:
966:
1100:
1069:
586:
strongly-colored "ghost" images could result. Such color artifacts are plainly visible in ordinary color composites of many of
Prokudin-Gorsky's photographs, but special digital image processing software was used to artificially remove them, whenever possible, from the composites of all 1,902 of the images commissioned by the Library of Congress in 2004. The altered versions have proliferated online and older or third-party versions showing these tell-tale peculiarities are increasingly scarce.
1001:
981:
950:
1852:(retrieved 12 October 2012) features several photographs of the 9 x 24 cm model and a more detailed description of its operation, along with an abundance of related information. The Miethe-Bermpohl Dreifarbenkamera ("three-color camera") should not be confused with the much later Bermpohl Naturfarbenkamera ("natural color camera"), a very different "one-shot" type that simultaneously exposed three separate plates and was manufactured from 1929 until circa 1950.
1174:
1210:
1194:
1017:
561:
324:
1139:
766:
1158:
1123:
931:
408:
296:
1230:
669:, most issued during the years of his voluntary exile and not directly related to the body of work on which his fame now rests. Some concern processes for making subtractive color transparencies, which do not require any special projection or viewing equipment. Examples of these were preserved by Prokudin-Gorsky's family and have recently appeared online. Most of his patents relate to the production of natural-color
1881:. Text in German only. The Bermpohl chromoscope and projector are shown in contemporary line engravings on pages 22 and 23 of the first section of this scholarly thesis. A Miethe-Bermpohl camera and a Miethe-Goerz projector are shown in detailed photographs on pages 1 through 7 of the color illustration section. Examples of Miethe's color photographs, some possibly as early as 1902, can be found in the same section.
582:
optical phenomena that could cause noticeably uneven color or other defects in the results. The other, more robust type was an essentially ordinary camera with a special sliding holder for the plates and filters that allowed each in turn to be efficiently shifted into position for exposure—an operation sometimes partly or even entirely automated with a pneumatic mechanism or spring-powered motor.
362:
continued his photographic journeys through Russia until after the
October Revolution. Under the new regime he was forced to accept a professorship and in August 1918 was ordered by the Education Ministry to procure projection equipment in Norway. He still pursued scientific work in color photography, published papers in English photography journals and, together with his colleague
1546:, the discoverer of dye sensitization and himself a colour photography experimenter. It was apparently Miethe's first teaching position and the beginning of his involvement with colour photography. Until then he had been employed by optical firms such as Voigtländer but was already a notable author, journal editor and inventor in the field of (black-and-white) photography.
1710:, Ash & Grant, 1978. Also published in the U.S., this excellent and amply-illustrated overview of the history of color photography before Kodachrome nevertheless, like other books on the subject, includes a few wrong dates and repeats entrenched but demonstrably erroneous conventional wisdom about the color sensitivity of pre-1906 photographic materials.
312:, the most advanced practitioner in Germany at that time. Throughout the years, Prokudin-Gorsky's photographic work, publications and slide shows to other scientists and photographers in Russia, Germany and France earned him praise, and in 1906 he was elected the president of the IRTS photography section and editor of Russia's main photography journal, the
741:
451:; or viewed as an additive color image by one person at a time through an optical device known generically as a chromoscope or photochromoscope, which contained colored filters and transparent reflectors that visually combined the three into one full-color image; or used to make photographic or mechanical prints in the
721:
strategically sensitive for war-time Russia. According to
Prokudin-Gorsky's notes, the photos left behind were not of interest to the general public. Some of Prokudin-Gorsky's negatives were given away, and some he hid on his departure. Outside the Library of Congress collection, none has yet been found.
1920:. Retrieved 26 September 2012. "October 13, 1906: At a meeting of the 5th section of the Imperial Russian Technological Society, Prokudin-Gorsky reports on his trip to the Lumière Brothers in Lyons, manufacturers of photographic plates, and demonstrates slides he had made using the Autochrome method".
708:
and in possession of two permits that granted him access to restricted areas and cooperation from the empire's bureaucracy, Prokudin-Gorsky documented the
Russian Empire between around 1909 and 1915. He conducted many illustrated lectures of his work. His photographs offer a vivid portrait of a lost
1826:
the exposures; the actual exposures account for only a minor fraction of that time. Various causes for an unusual delay or atypically slow operation of the camera's plate-shifting mechanism may be imagined. The moon is effectively invisible in the blue-filtered exposure, in which the sky appears as
543:
In 1905, the Neue
Photographische Gesellschaft established a color photography studio in Berlin. The studio utilized the three-color principle and employed a printing process developed by Robert Krayn. Some of the resulting images were published as postcards, featuring notable individuals including
823:
of the glass-plate negatives. He applied algorithms to compensate for the differences between the exposures and prepared color composites of all the negatives in the collection. As the library offers the high-resolution images of the negatives freely on the
Internet, many others have since created
776:
Due to the very specialized and labor-intensive processes required to make photographic color prints from the negatives, only about a hundred of the images were used in exhibits, books and scholarly articles during the half-century after the
Library of Congress acquired them. Their widest exposure
650:
introduced to their new product in 1906, the year before it went into commercial production. Autochrome plates were expensive and not sensitive enough for casual "snapshots" with a hand-held camera, but their use was simple and in expert hands they were capable of producing excellent results. They
724:
By the time of
Prokudin-Gorsky's death, the Tsar and his family had long since been executed during the Russian civil war, and most of the former empire was now the Soviet Union. The surviving boxes of photo albums and fragile glass plates the negatives were recorded on were finally stored in the
581:
to produce three separate images in the camera, making all three exposures at the same time and from the same viewpoint. Although a camera of this type was ideal in theory, such cameras were optically complicated and delicate, and liable to get out of adjustment. Some designs were also subject to
385:
in 1922, reuniting with his first wife and children. Prokudin-Gorsky set up a photo studio there together with his three adult children, naming it after his fourth child, Elka. In the 1930s, the elderly
Prokudin-Gorsky continued with lectures showing his photographs of Russia to young Russians in
1821:
Regarding exposure times, although the author states (Figure 1) that "each exposure" in the example appears to have taken "upward of 20 seconds", it is plain from the animated pair of images that, as is more clearly expressed at the start of the same sentence, most of the moon's motion occurred
572:
coated on a thin sheet of glass, were normally used instead of flexible film, both because a general transition from glass plates to plastic film was still in progress and because glass provided the best dimensional stability for three images intended to match up perfectly when they were later
720:
It has been estimated from
Prokudin-Gorsky's personal inventory that before leaving Russia, he had about 3,500 negatives. Upon leaving the country and exporting all his photographic material, about half of the photos were confiscated by Russian authorities for containing material they deemed
361:
and his family in 1909. The Tsar enjoyed the demonstration, and, with his blessing, Prokudin-Gorsky got the permission and funding to document Russia in color. In the course of ten years, he was to make a collection of 10,000 photos. Prokudin-Gorsky considered the project his life's work and
623:
because it allows objects at various distances to all be sharply imaged at the same time, while the use of a large aperture is common for portraiture and plainly evident in the Tolstoy portrait. All other factors being equal, if for example a 16-second exposure was required when using a
618:
studied one landscape view, photographed in broad daylight but showing a clear, well-defined moon, and used the moon's movement to estimate that the whole procedure of three filtered exposures and two repositionings of the camera's plate holder had taken over a minute. The lens aperture
585:
When the three color-filtered photographs were not taken at the same time, anything in the scene that did not hold steady during the entire operation would exhibit colored "fringes" around its edges in the resulting color image. If it moved continuously across the scene, three separate
1840:(accessed 26 September 2012), often accompanied by cleaned-up versions with only overall adjustments to color balance and contrast and manual retouching to remove spots or repair damage, traditional procedures not usually regarded as crossing over the line into historical revisionism.
576:
An ordinary camera could be used to take the three pictures, by reloading it and changing filters between exposures, but pioneering color photographers usually built or bought special cameras that made the procedure less awkward and time-consuming. One of the two main types used
1952:
in 1868. Other inventors later patented an array of specific implementations, variations and improvements, but though it sometimes produced excellent results, this kind of process was just too expensively labor-intensive to be practical for the commercial production of color
729:
purchased the material from Prokudin-Gorsky's heirs in 1948 for $ 3,500–$ 5,000 on the initiative of a researcher inquiring into their whereabouts. The library counted 1,902 negatives and 710 album prints without corresponding negatives in the collection.
651:
made color photography truly practical for advanced amateurs and led some pioneering users of color separation cameras to abandon their methods as outmoded, but Prokudin-Gorsky was not won over. No Autochromes by Prokudin-Gorsky are known to survive.
799:
that multiple images could be quickly and easily combined into one. The Library of Congress undertook a project in 2000 to make digital scans of all the photographic material received from Prokudin-Gorsky's heirs and contracted with the photographer
283:
In 1890, Prokudin-Gorsky married Anna Aleksandrovna Lavrova, and later the couple had two sons, Mikhail and Dmitri, and a daughter, Ekaterina. Anna was the daughter of the Russian industrialist Aleksandr Stepanovich Lavrov, an active member in the
368:
613:
used. In a letter to Leo Tolstoy requesting a portrait sitting, Prokudin-Gorsky described the exposure as taking one to three seconds, but later, when recollecting his time with Tolstoy, he described a six-second exposure on a sunny day.
1056:
346:, which was reproduced in various publications, on postcards, and as larger prints for framing. The fame from this photo and his earlier photos of Russia's nature and monuments earned him invitations to show his work to the Russian
600:
Miethe and Bermpohl also produced a matching three-color projector and a chromoscope. The Goerz optical company made a differently configured and more powerful three-color projector for Miethe. It, too, was commercially available.
221:
after his death. Starting in 2000, the negatives were digitised and the colour triples for each subject digitally combined to produce hundreds of high-quality colour images of Russia and its neighbours from over a century ago.
489:, whose "Kromskop" system of viewers, projectors and camera equipment was commercially available from 1897 until about 1907. Only the viewers and ready-made triple photographs for use in them sold in any significant quantity.
447:, one through a green filter, and one through a blue filter. The resulting three photographs could be projected through filters of the same colors and exactly superimposed on a screen, synthesizing the original range of color
477:
showcased the first successful three-color prints in the United States. His work gained attention in the 1890s when he exhibited color prints of various subjects such as oil and watercolor paintings, floral studies, and
303:
In 1901, Prokudin-Gorsky established a photographic studio and laboratory in Saint Petersburg. The following year, he travelled to Berlin and spent 6 weeks studying colour sensitization and three-colour photography with
535:
produced the first substantial body of work in colour photography by an amateur photographer. By 1905 seventeen different photographers had shown three-colour slides by the Sanger-Shepherd process at exhibitions of the
1874:
860:
190:
2581:
1080:
1265:
717:. His subjects ranged from the medieval churches and monasteries of old Russia, to the railroads and factories of an emerging industrial power, to the daily life and work of Russia's diverse population.
1028:
589:
Adolf Miethe designed a high-quality, sequential-exposure color camera, which was manufactured by Bermpohl and became available commercially in 1903. Prokudin-Gorsky published an illustration of it in
2571:
1566:
1044:
879:
1249:
914:
520:
in 1902 and was exhibiting them to the general public in 1903, when they also began to appear in periodicals and books. Miethe took the first known aerial color photographs, from a
895:
654:
Although photographic color prints of the images were difficult to make at the time and slide show lectures consumed much of the time Prokudin-Gorsky used to demonstrate his work,
2347:
2319:
2283:
685:
systematically. Through such an ambitious project, his ultimate goal was to educate the schoolchildren of Russia with his "optical color projections" of the vast and diverse
470:
conducted early experiments with the three-color principle in the late 1860s. During the period from the 1870s to the 1890s, he created several color prints and photographs.
980:
1871:
842:
808:
and commented that each image took him around six to seven hours to align, clean and color-correct. In 2001, the Library of Congress produced an exhibition from these,
431:
in 1855 and demonstrated in 1861, but good results were not possible with the photographic materials available at that time. In imitation of the way a normal human eye
1650:"Delo Kantselyarii Soveta Ministrov o priobretenii v kaznoo kollektsii fotograficheskih snimkov dostoprimechatel'nostey Rossii S. M. Prokoodina-Gorskogo, 1910—1912 gg"
1000:
2561:
516:
characteristics of the black-and-white photographic materials suitable for use with this method of color photography. He presented projected color photographs to the
1307:, a patron of photography who funded photographers to travel around the world recording color images and cine film of diverse ethnic societies between 1909 and 1931.
217:
from around 1909 to 1915 using his three-image colour photography to record its many aspects. While some of his negatives were lost, the majority ended up in the US
2541:
1193:
264:
1099:
681:
Around 1905, Prokudin-Gorsky envisioned and formulated a plan to use the emerging technological advances that had been made in color photography to document the
1016:
391:
386:
France, but stopped commercial work and left the studio to his children, who named it Gorsky Frères. He died in Paris on September 27, 1944, a month after the
133:
1576:
2362:"Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky. A Selection from the Collection 'The Splendors of Russia in Natural Color'—Color Photographs from the Years 1905–1916"
292:. He also joined Russia's oldest photographic society, the photography section of the IRTS, presenting papers and lecturing on the science of photography.
2556:
347:
288:(IRTS). Prokudin-Gorsky subsequently became the director of the executive board of Lavrov's metal works near Saint Petersburg and remained so until the
2566:
2531:
1157:
1068:
2033:
1122:
2414:
2096:
Tantalisingly, he hid a dozen or so color plates of the Romanovs but never disclosed where (most likely in St Petersburg) They may yet surface.
1913:
1531:
1414:
2505:
673:, a potentially lucrative application that attracted the attention of many inventors in the field of color photography during the 1910s and 1920s.
2204:
658:
color prints of some were published in journals and books, and his studio issued some, most notably the Tolstoy portrait, as postcards and large
1173:
2467:
199:
August 18] 1863 – September 27, 1944) was a Russian chemist and photographer. He is best known for his pioneering work in
1209:
593:
in 1906. The most common model used a single oblong plate 9 cm wide by 24 cm high, the same format as Prokudin-Gorsky's surviving
2536:
759:
on glass, shown here in positive form. Prokudin-Gorsky photographed the upper, middle and lower images through blue, green and red filters.
351:
965:
2576:
527:
In England in 1899 Ives's former assistant, Edward Sanger-Shepherd, commercialized the application of the three-colour process in the "
1808:
381:
In 1920, Prokudin-Gorsky remarried and had a daughter with his assistant Maria Fedorovna née Schedrina. The family finally settled in
285:
2138:
1783:
1501:
1493:
1446:
2131:
Photographs for the Tsar: The Pioneering Color Photography of Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii Commissioned by Tsar Nicholas II
949:
782:
Photographs for the Tsar: The Pioneering Color Photography of Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii Commissioned by Tsar Nicholas II
1138:
765:
2551:
1539:
1229:
2066:
2258:
1600:
2333:
2298:
930:
812:. The photographs have since been the subject of many other exhibitions in the area where Prokudin-Gorsky took his photos.
2546:
748:
609:
The required exposure time depended on the lighting conditions, the sensitivity of the photographic plate, and the camera
196:
88:
31:
2375:
1542:, a post he accepted by invitation in 1899 after the sudden death (17 December 1898) of its previous longtime occupant,
1313:, American black-and-white photographer who was commissioned by a number of organizations to document the American West.
1299:
467:
2394:"Color Photography Method. Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog - Prokudin-Gorskii Collection"
725:
basement of a Parisian apartment building, and the family was worried about them getting damaged. The United States
363:
2490:
545:
537:
317:
207:
2090:
824:
their own color representations of the photos, and they have become a favorite testbed for computer scientists.
804:
to combine the monochrome negatives into color images. He created 122 color renderings using a method he called
796:
272:
1804:
1686:
1481:
816:
1623:
619:
Prokudin-Gorsky chose to use greatly affected the exposure time required. A small aperture is often used for
1945:
2262:
2042:
1105:
756:
594:
2420:
1910:
1528:
1421:
1949:
1827:
if white, so the author must necessarily be extrapolating a total time based on the other two exposures.
1543:
801:
620:
569:
532:
358:
1837:
1720:
501:
were the typical subject matter, but a few examples of color portraiture from life were also offered.
2526:
2521:
1304:
646:
color plates, which did not require a special camera or projector. He was one of the favored few the
486:
479:
452:
248:
244:
236:
102:
94:
2172:
1240:
2398:
2115:
1982:"The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated: The Empire That Was Russia - Ethnic Diversity"
1812:
1364:
1340:
833:
726:
647:
428:
387:
218:
2464:
2004:"The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated: The Empire That Was Russia - Exhibition Home"
2209:
905:
752:
289:
200:
161:
2067:"Rossiya nachala XX vyeka v fotografiyah Syergyeya Prokoodina-Gorskogo i tsifroviye tyehnologii"
901:
819:
to produce an automated color composite of each of the 1,902 negatives from the high-resolution
2243:
Library of Congress Exhibition of Russian Photographs Opens in St. Petersburg on April 12, 2003
1836:
Simple "warts and all" color composites of all the Library of Congress plates are available at
1216:
956:
2341:
2313:
2277:
2134:
1779:
1668:
1497:
1093:, 1910. The bridge still stands today, but another similar bridge has been built alongside it.
785:
778:
714:
665:
Prokudin-Gorsky's own inventions, some of them collaborative, led to the granting of numerous
560:
517:
513:
456:
439:
of colors was divided into three channels of information by capturing it in the form of three
424:
323:
73:
2109:
1892:
1816:
705:
634:-inch-diameter aperture, an exposure of only 1 second would suffice with a 1-inch aperture.
474:
436:
268:
260:
256:
183:
2393:
2192:, Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog - Prokudin-Gorskii Collection
407:
2494:
2471:
1917:
1878:
1571:
1535:
1276:
1272:
991:
866:
528:
521:
444:
440:
335:
252:
240:
98:
832:
Some of Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky's photographs, digitally processed, made available by the
2074:
342:
Perhaps Prokudin-Gorsky's best-known work during his lifetime was his color portrait of
295:
1220:
1109:
1007:
971:
682:
670:
509:
448:
416:
305:
214:
106:
2515:
2070:
1898:
1316:
1184:
1180:
987:
820:
694:
615:
578:
1649:
1608:
2440:
1335:
1090:
1035:
851:
659:
505:
498:
432:
309:
2376:"Exhibition of Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii's at TBC Bank Places History in Full Color"
2336:(in Russian). Pärnu Express. 2006-04-28. Archived from the original on 2007-11-21.
1981:
1861:
British patent 185,161, issued in 1922, and U.S. patent 1,456,427, issued in 1923.
1624:"Central Asia in Early Photographs: Russian Colonial Attitudes and Visual Culture"
1482:"The Prokudin-Gorskii Legacy: Colour Photographs of the Russian Empire, 1905-1915"
17:
2361:
2187:
2241:
1310:
1280:
710:
655:
549:
343:
331:
210:
2379:
2484:
2478:
The Empire That Was Russia: The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated
1086:
810:
The Empire That Was Russia: The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated
643:
490:
327:
35:
1672:
1652:(in Russian). Fundamental Digital Library of Russian Literature and Folklore.
2301:(in Russian). Pärnu Express. Archived from the original on November 21, 2007
1294:
1148:
1129:
1113:
886:
494:
455:
cyan, magenta and yellow, which, when superimposed, reconstituted the color
1687:"Interview with Orlando Figes, presenter of a BBC documentary about Gorsky"
1663:
Callender, R. M. (2020). "Gorsky: Russia's Pioneer in Colour Photography".
1386:
1022:
Haymaking farm workers standing near their equipment, taking a break, 1909
531:
process of natural colour photography". With his process in 1903 and 1904
1690:
1667:. No. 188. Bristol: The Royal Photographic Society. pp. 13–17.
1144:
1062:
Headquarters of the Ural Railway Administration in the city of Perm, 1910
848:
789:
701:
610:
1365:"Resurrection Monastery in Uglich: Architectural jewel in chaotic times"
2476:
2003:
1200:
940:
690:
686:
485:
The first person to widely demonstrate good results by this method was
43:
2223:
1849:
1256:
1236:
936:
921:
870:
666:
662:. Many of the original prints published by his studio still survive.
508:, with whom Prokudin-Gorsky studied in Germany in 1902. Miethe was a
1964:
815:
In 2004, the Library of Congress contracted with computer scientist
1930:
1507:
1776:
Twentieth-century color photographs : Identification and care
559:
382:
322:
294:
2508:
archival footage by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, between 1905 and 1915
1809:"Reconstructing Prokudin-Gorskii's Color Photography in Software"
1447:"Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky: Colorful memories of the Russian Empire"
792:
mass-produced with a multicolor printing press in the usual way.
1336:"Photographer to the Tsar: Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii"
1164:
355:
2501:+60 restorated images by Alex Gridenko using digichromatography
2035:"The Splendors of Russia Collection" in the Library of Congress
2500:
259:, and the family had a long military history. They moved to
1199:
Madrasah of Muhammad Amin Tupchiboshi (now demolished) in
373:, obtained patents in Germany, England, France and Italy.
2378:. U.S. Embassy Georgia. January 18, 2007. Archived from
2088:
Muir, Robin (2001-06-24). "By appointment to the tsar".
2174:
Modern reproductions of photographs by Prokudin-Gorskij
1163:
Woman in traditional dress standing on rug in front of
564:
Prokudin-Gorsky with his colour camera and an assistant
1747:
Edward Bierstadt: color photography and color printing
203:
and his effort to document early 20th-century Russia.
2582:
Burials at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery
2572:
Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology alumni
2465:
Illustrated biography of S. M. Prokudin-Gorsky (2011)
2224:"All Exhibitions - Exhibitions (Library of Congress)"
1872:"Die additive Dreifarbenfotografie nach Adolf Miethe"
1708:
Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years 1840-1940
2041:, "Restavrator-M" Restoration Center, archived from
1601:"Prokudin-Gorsky's Color Photographs of Tolstoy: in
1006:
Church of St. John the Baptist on Malyshevaya Hill;
642:
Prokudin-Gorsky was also acquainted with the use of
235:
Prokudin-Gorsky was born in the ancestral estate of
184:[sʲɪrˈɡʲejmʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕprɐˈkudʲɪnˈɡorskʲɪj]
2364:. Šechtl & Voseček Museum of Photography. 2006.
568:Photographic plates, which had the light-sensitive
156:
139:
129:
113:
83:
55:
1555:Membership lists of the Royal Photographic Society
2265:. Archived from the original on November 12, 2003
1128:Pinchas Karlinskiy, supervisor of a floodgate at
700:Outfitted with a specially equipped railroad-car
2346:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2318:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2282:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1932:Spisok 416: naslyediye S. M. Prokoodina-Gorskogo
986:Russian peasant girls in a rural area along the
2205:"Colors of a Lost Empire Are Reborn, Digitally"
1415:"Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky Biography"
1074:Mary Magdalene Church in the city of Perm, 1910
1050:Staro-Sibirskaia Gate in the city of Perm, 1910
427:used by Prokudin-Gorsky was first suggested by
2118:Information Bulletin, May 2001 - Vol 60, No. 5
1635:Empire, Islam, and Politics in Central Eurasia
265:Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology
1799:
1797:
1795:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
709:world—the Russian Empire on the eve of
173:
63:
8:
2419:, Scientific Computing World, archived from
1976:
1974:
1749:. The American Printing History Association.
271:. He also studied music and painting at the
27:Russian chemist and photographer (1863–1944)
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1595:
1593:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1492:(Archives and Archival Issues of Russia).
1255:The mid-18th century Trinity Monastery in
392:Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery
134:Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery
72:
52:
1540:Königlich Technische Hochschule in Berlin
1480:Adamson, Jeremy; Zinkham, Helena (2002).
784:, in which the color images are combined
206:Using a railway-car darkroom provided by
1850:Professor Dr. Miethe's Dreifarben-Camera
920:Armenian woman in national costume near
406:
334:in front of Prokudin-Gorsky's camera in
1607:. University of Toronto. Archived from
1327:
838:
747:Simple, unretouched color composite of
737:
2339:
2334:"Rossiya: vzglyad chyeryez stolyetiye"
2311:
2275:
1702:
1700:
885:Jewish children with their teacher in
755:, 1911. At right, the original triple
504:Another very notable practitioner was
2542:Photographers from the Russian Empire
2259:"Miracles of the Tsar's Photographer"
2111:Albums, Photos, Glass Plate Negatives
1567:"What's the Russian for: Say Cheese?"
1529:The chronology at Prokudin-Gorsky.org
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
869:women and children harvesting tea in
443:photographs, one taken through a red
182:
7:
2562:Technische Universität Berlin alumni
2006:. Library of Congress. 17 April 2001
1984:. Library of Congress. 17 April 2001
263:, where Prokudin-Gorsky enrolled in
2065:Kostinsky, Alexander (2005-01-11).
1637:). Sapporo: Slavic Research Center.
1385:Tatarnikova, Annette (2006-06-16).
170:Sergey Mikhaylovich Prokudin-Gorsky
2133:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
2129:Allshouse, Robert H., ed. (1980).
1894:L.N.Tolstoy na tsvyetnom foto]
1445:Prokudin-Gorsky, S. (2013-02-20).
904:, Minister of the Interior of the
286:Imperial Russian Technical Society
279:Marriage and career in photography
175:Сергей Михайлович Прокудин-Горский
25:
2557:Inventors from the Russian Empire
2160:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
1946:Prokudin-Gorsky.org forum page 10
1725:Les Amis de Louis Ducos du Hauron
1494:International Council on Archives
677:Documentary of the Russian Empire
2567:Chemists from the Russian Empire
2532:People from Kirzhachsky District
1778:. Getty Conservation Institute.
1264:
1248:
1228:
1208:
1192:
1172:
1156:
1137:
1121:
1098:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1027:
1015:
999:
979:
964:
948:
929:
913:
894:
878:
859:
841:
764:
740:
415:showing the red, green and blue
352:Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna
348:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
213:, Prokudin-Gorsky travelled the
1622:Dikovitskaya, Margaret (2007).
795:It was only with the advent of
1911:Prokudin-Gorsky.org chronology
419:as well as the composite image
1:
2481:– Library of Congress exhibit
1721:"Ducos du Hauron - Biography"
1565:Kington, Miles (2001-09-25).
1449:. Russia Beyond the Headlines
1367:. Russia Beyond the Headlines
316:. Gorsky was a member of the
32:Eastern Slavic naming customs
2486:Russia in Bloom (Цвет Нации)
2297:Teterin, Igor (2005-06-03).
1965:"Tsvyeta ooshyedshyego mira"
1363:Brumfield, W. (2019-07-12).
1300:Thomas Sutton (photographer)
1034:General view of the city of
771:"Digichromatography" version
160:Early techniques for taking
2537:People from Pokrovsky Uyezd
1413:Garanina, Svetlana (2003).
255:). His parents were of the
2598:
2577:Soviet emigrants to France
2203:Austen, Ian (2001-06-14),
2154:Goldsmith, Arthur (1980).
1935:(in Russian), Hrami Rossii
873:, Georgia, circa 1905–1915
538:Royal Photographic Society
493:arrangements, unpopulated
318:Royal Photographic Society
30:In this name that follows
29:
2413:Girvan, Ray (July 2005),
2299:"Kakoy ti bila, Rossiya!"
2189:Digitizing the Collection
2108:Robb, Andrew (May 2001),
2091:The Independent on Sunday
2032:Minachin, Victor (2003),
512:who greatly improved the
267:to study chemistry under
174:
71:
64:
62:
2497:(with English subtitles)
2157:Photographs for the Tsar
2114:, Conservation Corner -
1648:Garanina, S. P. (1999).
1575:. London. Archived from
797:digital image processing
786:yellow, magenta and cyan
273:Imperial Academy of Arts
91:August 18] 1863
2552:Pioneers of photography
2257:Osipov, Georgy (2003).
1631:Slavic Eurasian Studies
1603:Tolstoy Studies Journal
734:Digital color rendering
320:between 1920 and 1932.
299:Prokudin-Gorsky in 1906
78:Prokudin-Gorsky in 1912
65:Сергей Прокудин-Горский
2493:- 2013 documentary by
1807:(September 28, 2004).
1745:Hanson, David (2013).
1106:Monastery of St. Nilus
565:
518:German Imperial Family
420:
390:. He is buried in the
364:S. O. Maksimovich
339:
300:
195:; August 30 [
57:Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky
2443:. Library of Congress
2416:The color of the past
2246:, Library of Congress
2171:Hubička, Jan (2008),
1950:Louis Ducos du Hauron
1891:Garanina, S. (1970),
1870:Wagner, Jens (2006).
1805:Blaise Agüera y Arcas
1774:Pénichon, S. (2013).
1544:Hermann Wilhelm Vogel
817:Blaise Agüera y Arcas
706:Tsar Nicholas II
621:landscape photography
616:Blaise Agüera y Arcas
563:
533:Sarah Angelina Acland
468:Louis Ducos du Hauron
410:
403:Three-color principle
398:Photography technique
326:
298:
2547:Soviet photographers
1761:Photographic Journal
453:complementary colors
377:Later life and death
249:Kirzhachsky District
245:Vladimir Governorate
103:Vladimir Governorate
87:August 30 [
2399:Library of Congress
2116:Library of Congress
1838:Prokudin-Gorsky.org
1813:Library of Congress
1665:The Photo Historian
1387:"Tsarskiy fotograf"
1341:Library of Congress
834:Library of Congress
727:Library of Congress
480:portraits from life
463:Early practitioners
429:James Clerk Maxwell
388:Liberation of Paris
219:Library of Congress
2470:2012-03-26 at the
2210:The New York Times
2094:. pp. 24–25.
1916:2014-05-13 at the
1877:2014-03-28 at the
1534:2014-05-13 at the
906:Emirate of Bukhara
806:digichromatography
802:Walter Frankhauser
566:
421:
340:
301:
290:October Revolution
201:colour photography
162:colour photographs
117:September 27, 1944
18:S. Prokudin-Gorsky
1271:Austro-Hungarian
779:coffee table book
715:Russian Civil War
591:Fotograf-Liubitel
546:Kaiser Wilhelm II
425:color photography
314:Fotograf-Liubitel
167:
166:
16:(Redirected from
2589:
2487:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2441:"Tipy Dagestana"
2437:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2345:
2337:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2073:. Archived from
2062:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2029:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1888:
1882:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1828:
1820:
1815:. Archived from
1801:
1790:
1789:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:on July 27, 2009
1562:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1526:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1506:. Archived from
1477:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1420:. Archived from
1419:
1410:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1332:
1268:
1252:
1232:
1212:
1196:
1176:
1160:
1141:
1125:
1102:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1031:
1019:
1003:
983:
968:
952:
933:
917:
898:
882:
863:
845:
777:was in the 1980
768:
744:
711:World War I
648:Lumière Brothers
633:
632:
628:
487:Frederic E. Ives
475:Edward Bierstadt
437:visible spectrum
372:
354:in 1908, and to
269:Dmitri Mendeleev
261:Saint Petersburg
257:Russian nobility
194:
193:
192:
186:
181:
177:
176:
120:
76:
67:
66:
53:
21:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2512:
2511:
2495:Leonid Parfenov
2485:
2472:Wayback Machine
2461:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1963:Dennis, Nadia.
1962:
1961:
1957:
1944:
1940:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1918:Wayback Machine
1909:
1905:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1879:Wayback Machine
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1831:
1803:
1802:
1793:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1698:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1580:
1572:The Independent
1564:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1536:Wayback Machine
1527:
1518:
1510:
1504:
1479:
1478:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1344:. 17 April 2001
1334:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1291:
1284:
1277:Russian Karelia
1269:
1260:
1253:
1244:
1233:
1224:
1215:The Village of
1213:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1152:
1147:switchman near
1142:
1133:
1126:
1117:
1103:
1094:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1063:
1060:
1051:
1048:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1020:
1011:
1004:
995:
984:
975:
969:
960:
953:
944:
934:
925:
918:
909:
899:
890:
883:
874:
864:
855:
846:
830:
772:
769:
760:
751:, last Emir of
745:
736:
713:and the coming
697:of the empire.
679:
671:motion pictures
656:photomechanical
640:
638:Other processes
630:
626:
625:
607:
558:
529:Sanger Shepherd
522:hot air balloon
465:
441:black-and-white
413:Alleia Hamerops
405:
400:
379:
366:
336:Yasnaya Polyana
281:
253:Vladimir Oblast
241:Pokrovsky Uyezd
233:
228:
189:
188:
187:
179:
152:
125:
122:
118:
109:
99:Pokrovsky Uyezd
92:
79:
58:
51:
48:Prokudin-Gorsky
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2595:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2498:
2482:
2474:
2460:
2459:External links
2457:
2455:
2454:
2432:
2405:
2385:
2382:on 2009-08-18.
2367:
2353:
2325:
2289:
2249:
2233:
2215:
2195:
2179:
2163:
2146:
2139:
2121:
2100:
2080:
2077:on 2008-08-30.
2069:(in Russian).
2057:
2017:
1995:
1970:
1955:
1938:
1922:
1903:
1897:(in Russian),
1883:
1863:
1854:
1842:
1829:
1819:on 2012-03-18.
1791:
1784:
1766:
1752:
1737:
1712:
1696:
1678:
1655:
1640:
1614:
1611:on 2013-12-10.
1589:
1557:
1548:
1516:
1513:on 2009-06-24.
1502:
1459:
1437:
1392:
1377:
1355:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1221:Ural Mountains
1214:
1207:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1183:family on the
1178:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1110:Stolbny Island
1104:
1097:
1095:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1008:Staraya Ladoga
1005:
998:
996:
985:
978:
976:
974:Fortress, 1909
972:Staraya Ladoga
970:
963:
961:
954:
947:
945:
935:
928:
926:
924:, c. 1905–1915
919:
912:
910:
908:, c. 1905–1915
900:
893:
891:
889:, c. 1905–1915
884:
877:
875:
865:
858:
856:
847:
840:
829:
826:
821:digital images
774:
773:
770:
763:
761:
746:
739:
735:
732:
683:Russian Empire
678:
675:
639:
636:
606:
603:
579:beam splitters
557:
554:
464:
461:
423:The method of
417:color channels
404:
401:
399:
396:
378:
375:
306:photochemistry
280:
277:
232:
229:
227:
224:
215:Russian Empire
172:(Russian:
165:
164:
158:
157:Known for
154:
153:
151:
150:
147:
143:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
123:
121:(aged 81)
115:
111:
110:
107:Russian Empire
93:
85:
81:
80:
77:
69:
68:
60:
59:
56:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2423:on 2009-07-27
2422:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2264:
2263:The New Times
2260:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2140:0-283-98678-6
2136:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2071:Radio Svoboda
2068:
2061:
2058:
2048:on 2010-05-05
2044:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:(in Russian).
1966:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:Nauka i Zhizn
1896:
1895:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1785:9781606061565
1781:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1503:3-598-01357-4
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1427:on 2010-05-05
1423:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:(in Russian).
1388:
1381:
1378:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1317:Gabriel Veyre
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1241:Kamenka River
1238:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
988:Sheksna River
982:
977:
973:
967:
962:
958:
951:
946:
942:
938:
932:
927:
923:
916:
911:
907:
903:
897:
892:
888:
881:
876:
872:
868:
862:
857:
853:
850:
844:
839:
837:
835:
827:
825:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
798:
793:
791:
788:ink-on-paper
787:
783:
780:
767:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
738:
733:
731:
728:
722:
718:
716:
712:
707:
703:
698:
696:
695:modernization
692:
688:
684:
676:
674:
672:
668:
663:
661:
660:photogravures
657:
652:
649:
645:
637:
635:
622:
617:
612:
611:lens aperture
604:
602:
598:
596:
592:
587:
583:
580:
574:
571:
562:
555:
553:
551:
547:
541:
539:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
499:oil paintings
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
476:
471:
469:
462:
460:
458:
457:subtractively
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
414:
409:
402:
397:
395:
393:
389:
384:
376:
374:
370:
365:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
297:
293:
291:
287:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:Funikova Gora
230:
225:
223:
220:
216:
212:
209:
204:
202:
198:
191:
185:
171:
163:
159:
155:
148:
145:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:Resting place
128:
124:Paris, France
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
95:Funikova Gora
90:
86:
82:
75:
70:
61:
54:
49:
45:
42: and the
41:
37:
33:
19:
2477:
2445:. Retrieved
2435:
2425:, retrieved
2421:the original
2415:
2408:
2397:
2388:
2380:the original
2370:
2356:
2328:
2303:. Retrieved
2292:
2267:. Retrieved
2252:
2242:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2130:
2124:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2075:the original
2060:
2050:, retrieved
2043:the original
2034:
2008:. Retrieved
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1958:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1906:
1893:
1886:
1866:
1857:
1845:
1832:
1823:
1817:the original
1775:
1769:
1763:. 1899–1905.
1760:
1755:
1746:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1707:
1706:Coe, Brian,
1681:
1664:
1658:
1643:
1634:
1630:
1617:
1609:the original
1602:
1581:. Retrieved
1577:the original
1570:
1560:
1551:
1508:the original
1489:
1485:
1451:. Retrieved
1440:
1429:. Retrieved
1422:the original
1380:
1369:. Retrieved
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1339:
1330:
1203:, circa 1912
1187:Steppe, 1911
955:A chapel in
939:(prison) in
852:Sunni Muslim
831:
814:
809:
805:
794:
781:
775:
723:
719:
704:provided by
699:
680:
664:
653:
641:
608:
599:
590:
588:
584:
575:
567:
542:
540:in England.
526:
514:panchromatic
510:photochemist
506:Adolf Miethe
503:
484:
472:
466:
433:senses color
422:
412:
380:
341:
313:
310:Adolf Miethe
302:
282:
234:
205:
169:
168:
149:photographer
119:(1944-09-27)
47:
40:Mikhaylovich
39:
2527:1944 deaths
2522:1863 births
2228:www.loc.gov
1496:: 107–143.
1311:Ansel Adams
1305:Albert Kahn
1281:World War I
550:Pope Pius X
524:, in 1906.
367: [
359:Nicholas II
344:Leo Tolstoy
332:Leo Tolstoy
211:Nicholas II
140:Occupations
44:family name
2516:Categories
2427:2009-03-21
2305:2009-03-26
2269:2009-03-26
2052:2009-03-21
1583:2010-05-23
1453:2020-01-29
1431:2009-03-21
1371:2020-01-29
1323:References
1239:along the
1185:Mirzachoʻl
1087:Kama river
902:Kush-Beggi
644:Autochrome
573:combined.
495:landscapes
491:Still life
449:additively
411:Crop from
328:Lithograph
308:professor
231:Early life
36:patronymic
1673:0956-1455
1348:13 August
1295:Levi Hill
1217:Kolchedan
1149:Ust-Katav
1130:Chernigov
1114:Ostashkov
957:Myatusovo
887:Samarkand
849:Dagestani
790:halftones
749:Alim Khan
605:Exposures
595:negatives
556:Equipment
473:In 1877,
330:print of
239:, in the
226:Biography
2506:Dagestan
2468:Archived
2342:cite web
2314:cite web
2278:cite web
1914:Archived
1875:Archived
1691:BBC Four
1532:Archived
1289:See also
1235:View of
1179:Nomadic
992:Kirillov
757:negative
702:darkroom
570:emulsion
2491:YouTube
2402:. 1905.
1953:slides.
1824:between
1279:during
1201:Bukhara
1145:Bashkir
941:Bukhara
828:Gallery
753:Bukhara
691:culture
687:history
667:patents
629:⁄
243:of the
208:Emperor
146:Chemist
2447:10 May
2137:
2010:10 May
1988:10 May
1782:
1730:1 July
1671:
1500:
1283:, 1915
1259:, 1912
1257:Tyumen
1243:, 1912
1237:Suzdal
1223:, 1912
1181:Kyrgyz
1167:, 1911
1151:, 1910
1132:, 1910
1116:, 1910
1038:, 1910
1010:, 1909
994:, 1909
959:, 1909
943:, 1907
937:Zindan
922:Artvin
871:Chakvi
854:, 1904
693:, and
445:filter
435:, the
338:, 1908
34:, the
2046:(PDF)
2039:(PDF)
1633:(14:
1627:(PDF)
1511:(PDF)
1486:Comma
1425:(PDF)
1418:(PDF)
1112:near
1089:near
990:near
867:Greek
383:Paris
371:]
247:(now
2449:2013
2348:link
2320:link
2284:link
2135:ISBN
2012:2013
1990:2013
1780:ISBN
1732:2023
1669:ISSN
1498:ISBN
1350:2006
1273:POWs
1165:yurt
1091:Perm
1036:Perm
548:and
497:and
356:Tsar
350:and
197:O.S.
180:IPA:
114:Died
89:O.S.
84:Born
2489:on
1490:3–4
1275:in
1219:in
1108:on
46:is
38:is
2518::
2396:.
2344:}}
2340:{{
2316:}}
2312:{{
2280:}}
2276:{{
2261:.
2226:.
2207:,
2020:^
1973:^
1811:.
1794:^
1723:.
1699:^
1689:.
1629:.
1592:^
1569:.
1519:^
1488:.
1484:.
1462:^
1395:^
1338:.
836::
689:,
552:.
482:.
459:.
394:.
369:ru
275:.
251:,
178:,
105:,
101:,
97:,
2451:.
2350:)
2322:)
2308:.
2286:)
2272:.
2230:.
2143:.
2014:.
1992:.
1788:.
1734:.
1693:.
1675:.
1605:"
1586:.
1456:.
1434:.
1374:.
1352:.
631:4
627:1
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
