428:
1068:
hitting the target 1st rocket: at a distance up to 25 km - 0,72-0,99, detection range with the radar cross section = 2 sq meters about 100 km, with RCS = 0.15 sq m - about 50 km, with no interference. When using active jamming - 40 km. ADMS "Pechora-2M" has the ability to interfacing with higher level command post and radar remote using telecode channels. Is equally effective at any time during the day and at night (optical location, daytime and nighttime, and also thermal imager) was awarded a contract to overhaul Egypt's S-125 SAM system. These refurbished weapons have been reintroduced as the S-125 Pechora 2M.
1842:
1923:
609:
1622:
321:
491:
1770:
1743:
789:(1970) system uses the 5V27 missile, with a length of 6.09 m, a wing span of 2,200 mm and a body diameter of 375 mm. This missile weighs 953 kg at launch, and has a 70 kg warhead containing 33 kg of HE and 4,500 fragments. The minimum range is 3.5 km, and the maximum is 35 km (with the Pechora 2A). The intercept altitudes are between 100 m and 18 km. Other sources claim the intercept altitudes between 20 m and 14 km. The minimum range is 2.5 km, and the maximum is 22 km
1949:
937:
1994:
472:
1676:
1662:
329:
1896:
1689:
1531:
1883:
1815:
1503:
1434:
1801:
1756:
1559:
1517:
1364:
1350:
1262:
1573:
1910:
1856:
1649:
1406:
1322:
1276:
1185:
1869:
1729:
1716:
1702:
1636:
1587:
1545:
1420:
1392:
1249:
1221:
1601:
1475:
1235:
1025:
1982:
1935:
1489:
1308:
866:
1970:
1787:
1448:
1378:
1290:
1828:
1461:
459:, formed the backbone of the Egyptian air defence network. In Egypt, March–July 1970 Soviet battalions of S-125 17 Shooting (35 missiles) shot down nine Israeli and one Egyptian planes. General Muhammed Ali Hafez (Air defense forces commander in the Egyptian Army) was the first man in the world to reuse the launched missiles in creating new ones . Israel recognized the 5
1336:
1158:. As of 2018 according to the UkrOboronProm, the S-125 surface-to-air missile underwent an integrated modification of all elements, including modernization of missiles, as well as the use of a new radar station built on solid-state elements. The distance of the Ukrainian S-125 modernization's engagement area, 40km, is greater than that of the Russian one.
64:
1205:
1017:
847:
and guidance radar (range 40 km/25 miles, second mode 80 km/50 miles) Its parts: An UV-10, 3 cm wavelength, narrow beam transmitter/receiver antenna; 2 pcs of UV-11, 3 cm wavelength, wide beam receiver antenna for target tracking,an UV-12, decimeter wavelength, missile command transmitter
1067:
2, target distance at 2.5–32 km, target altitude - 0.02–20 km, missile launchers can be positioned at up to 10 kilometers away from the control center. Speed up to 1000 m/s (target), Used rocket 5V27DE, by weight the warhead + 50% range of flight splinters + 350%. Probability of
561:
of 103 air-to-surface and cruise missiles targeting eight Syrian military sites. The
Russian military claimed that thirteen S-125 missiles launched in response destroyed five incoming missiles. However, the American Department of Defense stated no Allied missiles were shot down.
275:
than either of its predecessors and also flies slower, but due to its two-stage design it is more effective against more maneuverable targets. It is also able to engage lower flying targets than the previous systems, and being more modern it is much more resistant to
901:
The first launcher type was the two-missile ZIF-101, with a magazine for 16 missiles. In 1963 an improved two-missile launcher, ZIF-102, with a magazine for 32 missiles, was introduced to new ship classes. In 1967 Volna systems were upgraded to
892:
and tested in 1962. In the same year, the system was accepted. The basic missile was a V-600 (or 4K90) (range: from 4 to 15 km, altitude: from 0.1 to 10 km). Fire control and guidance is carried out by 4R90 Yatagan radar, with five
519:(the only recorded downing of a stealth aircraft) near village Budjanovci, about 45 km from Belgrade. The pilot LT.COL. Darrell Patrick Zelko ejected and was later found by US search and rescue forces. An S-125 also shot down a NATO
3558:
2401:
487:(serial 87-257) was shot down. The aircraft was struck by a S-125 just south of Baghdad. The pilot, Major Jeffrey Scott Tice, ejected safely but became a POW. It was the 8th combat loss and the first daylight raid over Baghdad.
418:
at AFB Ondangwa. Du
Plessis's aircraft sustained heavier damage and had to divert to Ruacana forward airstrip, where he landed with only the main undercarriage extended. Both aircraft were repaired and returned to service.
2634:
384:, because the Soviets feared that China (after the souring of Sino-Soviet relations in 1960), through which most, if not all of the equipment meant for North Vietnam had to travel, would try to copy the missile.
897:
on a common head. Only one target can be engaged at a time (or two, for ships fitted with two Volna systems). In case of emergency, Volna could be also used against naval targets, due to short response time.
5154:
2342:
4545:
2759:
2694:
3204:
2393:
4217:
3852:
852:
The P-15 is mounted on a van (P-15M(2) on a taller mast for better performance against low-altitude targets) and also an IFF ), SNR-125 on a trailer and PRV-11 on a box-bodied trailer.
570:
On 6 December 2022, a photo of Polish variant Newa-SC in
Ukrainian service, likely made in summer, emerged in media. Until then, there had been no info on supplying Newa-SC to Ukraine.
234:
3722:
5164:
3755:
2207:"Pilot Tells Terror of Bailout, 46 Days as a POW : Military: Air Force Maj. Tice had his F-16 shot out from under him in a bomb run over Baghdad. After that, it got worse"
427:
5174:
4094:
2626:
414:, SAAF Major Frans Pretorius and Captain IC du Plessis, both flying Mirage F.1s, were hit by S-125s. Pretorius's aircraft was hit in a fuel line and he had to perform a
2745:
2596:
988:
958:
953:
3588:
3424:
403:
against targets in Angola – in June 1980. While the SAAF reported two aircraft were damaged by SAMs during this action, Angola claimed to have shot down four.
2048:
443:
The
Soviets supplied several S-125s to the Arab states in the late 1960s and 1970s, most notably Egypt and Syria. The S-125 saw extensive action during the
2308:
2334:
2767:
3715:
2814:
2686:
2364:"Briefing by Russian Defence Ministry official Major General Igor Konashenkov (April 16, 2018) : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation"
1954:
2124:
1595:− 30 S-125TM Pechora-2TM and 21 S-125M Pechora-M batteries as of 2024. The S-125-VT modernized variant was reported to be in service in July 2024
2371:
5159:
2239:
3678:
3640:
3621:
3571:
3543:
3524:
3494:
3438:
2091:
475:
Remains of F-16C 87-257 as found by US ground forces in Iraq during Desert Storm. The canopy was recovered by US forces in the 2003 invasion.
494:
Still photograph from a videotape of an Iraqi surface-to-air missile, believed to be a S-125, launched at a coalition aircraft in July 2001.
4999:
3708:
3686:
2287:
1993:
4746:
4524:
4510:
1927:
369:
3600:
2068:
2724:
799:(1978) system uses the 5V27D missile. In the early 1980s, each system used one or two radar simulators to survive antiradar missiles.
3303:
2664:
558:
504:
2027:
2482:
460:
167:
1036:
systems, they decided to upgrade the S-125 systems being removed from service to make them more attractive to export customers.
1059:. Deployment time 25 minutes, protected from the active interference, and anti-radiation missiles (total in practical shooting)
2508:""Печора-2М" стала практически неуязвима для ракет, самонаводящихся по излучению радаров — Сергей Птичкин — Российская газета"
936:
159:
2604:
2457:
380:. The Neva-M introduced a redesigned booster and an improved guidance system. The S-125 was not used against U.S. forces in
5169:
1172:
3663:
2537:
2106:Зенитные ракетные войска в войнах во Вьетнаме и на Ближнем Востоке (в период 1965—1973 гг.). М.: Воениздат, 1980. С. 215
1093:
1089:
582:
system. The missiles are typically deployed on fixed turrets containing two or four but can be carried ready-to-fire on
393:
2515:
2263:
554:
In
December 2016, ISIS forces captured three S-125 launchers after they retook Palmyra from Syrian government troops.
3467:
3142:
320:
4538:
3346:
3209:
277:
151:
3372:
1981:
608:
4879:
3809:
3700:
2574:
490:
4087:
548:
512:
3657:
2763:
2160:
1969:
139:
4869:
2423:
397:
2181:
219:
Neva, Pechora, Volna, Neva-M, Neva-M1, Volna-M, Volna-N, Volna-P, Pechora 2, Pechora 2M, Newa SC, Pechora-M
4495:
4210:
3845:
1084:
ones for improved reliability and accuracy. This upgrade also involves mounting the missile launcher on a
913:
standard, with an additional TV target tracking channel and better resistance to jamming. Later, improved
885:
870:
622:
583:
528:
396:
acquired a significant number of S-125s, and these were encountered during the first strike ever flown by
256:
78:
2739:
2450:"Almaz 5V24/5V27/S-125 Neva/Pechora / SA-3 Goa / Зенитный Ракетный Комплекс 5В24/5В27/С-125 Нева/Печора"
2116:
1847:
1779:
756:
508:
2206:
4197:
4040:
4519:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4461:
4421:
4365:
4335:
4330:
4290:
4280:
4255:
2363:
1033:
824:
36:
5114:
4979:
2231:
3731:
1820:
1096:
capability and data links. Radar is mounted on an 8-wheeled heavy truck chassis (formerly used for
1045:
471:
246:
200:
52:
4451:
4436:
4426:
4315:
4305:
4285:
3750:
3554:
973:
844:
775:) has the smallest warhead with 60 kg of high explosive. It has a range of about 15 km.
143:
884:(SA-N-1) started in 1956, along with work on a land version. It was first mounted on a rebuilt
5119:
5009:
4752:
4173:
3683:
3636:
3617:
3596:
3567:
3539:
3520:
3490:
3434:
2284:
2087:
1721:
1127:
976:|pg=S-125 Neva/Pechora |language=Russian |comments= }}
894:
532:
524:
415:
411:
328:
285:
135:
2538:"Пбп "Пвптпойфемшоще Уйуфенщ" - Пуопчобс Ртпйъчпдуфчеообс Урегйбмйъбгйс Ртедртйсфйк Ипмдйозб"
1795:− 12 launchers in 1992, in 2014, Mali's remaining stockpile of V-601 missiles was disposed of
5129:
5124:
5093:
4186:
4035:
3673:
917:
missiles were introduced, with lower minimal attack altitude against aerial targets (system
480:
444:
295:, uses radio command guidance. The naval version of this system has the NATO reporting name
238:
182:
155:
127:
5105:
4054:
5025:
4925:
4811:
4806:
4716:
4666:
4163:
4059:
3690:
3517:
Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial
Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994
3487:
Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial
Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017
3311:
2716:
2291:
2267:
1142:
There is also a version of the S-125 available from Russia with the warhead replaced with
1056:
984:
163:
2656:
1539:− 4 S-125 Pechora-2M, 12 S-125M1 Neva-M1, and some S-125-2BM Pechora batteries as of 2024
3347:"Fighting The Tide: The Islamic State's Desperate Attempts to Combat Coalition Airpower"
2788:
4961:
4920:
4884:
4854:
4834:
4821:
4816:
4741:
4721:
4711:
4701:
4681:
4671:
4621:
4616:
4606:
4596:
4295:
3835:
3824:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3769:
1681:
1667:
1077:
448:
436:
131:
3695:
1553:− In 2022, Ukraine received an undisclosed number of S-125 Newa SC systems from Poland
906:(SA-N-1B) with V-601 (4K91) missiles (range: 4–22 km, altitude: 0.1–14 km).
5148:
4966:
4686:
4661:
4581:
4563:
4485:
4446:
4431:
4416:
4370:
4325:
4300:
4275:
4265:
4158:
4148:
4123:
4113:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3764:
3668:
2023:
1761:
1122:
which upgraded almost all aspects of the system - the rocket motor, radar, guidance,
544:
260:
28:
5099:
5075:
4950:
4945:
4914:
4909:
4894:
4859:
4844:
4736:
4731:
4706:
4601:
4567:
4505:
4168:
4153:
4128:
4029:
4017:
3902:
3739:
1901:
1694:
1536:
1081:
357:
288:
89:
3468:"New Imagery Suggests Continued Usage Of Surface-To-Air Missiles By Tigray Forces"
1184:
3611:
3428:
2449:
5111:
5089:
5048:
4976:
4971:
4940:
4889:
4874:
4849:
4801:
4575:
4571:
4406:
4355:
4235:
4178:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4118:
4071:
4023:
1888:
1627:
1508:
1439:
1110:
Cuba also developed a similar upgrade to the Polish one, which was displayed in
1048:(PK). The launcher is moved onto a truck allowing much shorter relocation times.
925:
551:
S-125 missile while on an intelligence flight near the coastal town of
Latakia.
349:
281:
264:
123:
32:
1044:
version features better range, multiple target engagement ability and a higher
1024:
808:
The launchers are accompanied by a command building or truck and three primary
5081:
5031:
4994:
4984:
4778:
4726:
4696:
4591:
4586:
4466:
4400:
4395:
4340:
4240:
4077:
3897:
3867:
1806:
1564:
1522:
1369:
1355:
1267:
865:
817:
579:
516:
452:
400:
353:
292:
268:
2545:
2049:"Polish SA-3 Surface-To-Air Missiles Appear To Be In Ukrainian Forces' Hands"
4691:
4636:
4611:
4469:
4456:
4441:
4350:
4320:
4310:
4250:
4103:
2507:
2335:"ISIS has three surface-to-air missile launchers in Syria, US officials say"
2260:
2079:
1578:
1143:
1138:
tracking device to allow launching of missiles without the use of the radar.
1135:
1111:
2687:"Unique Surface-To-Air Missile Baffles Foreign Military Diplomats In Egypt"
2815:"Đại tá Tào Đức Thắng chính thức nhận bàn giao chức danh Chủ tịch Viettel"
63:
4899:
4864:
4839:
4411:
4270:
4260:
1915:
1861:
1654:
1411:
1327:
1281:
1064:
834:
830:
456:
333:
272:
147:
5084:
4989:
4676:
4345:
4065:
3742:
1874:
1734:
1707:
1641:
1592:
1550:
1425:
1397:
1254:
1226:
1162:
1123:
432:
381:
337:
3115:
1316:− 40 S-125-2M Pechora-2M and 120 S-125M Pechora-M batteries as of 2024
1204:
5042:
4796:
4656:
4631:
4626:
4360:
4007:
3735:
3205:"Hội thao, diễn tập chiến thuật phân đội hỏa lực tên lửa phòng không"
2566:
2394:"Department of Defense Press Briefing by Pentagon Chief Spokesperson"
1943:− 12 launchers in 2002, most were upgraded to the Pechora-2M standard
1833:
1606:
1480:
1466:
1442:− 20 S-125M1 Pechora-M1 batteries as of 2024. Serviceability doubtful
1240:
1104:
345:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
1764:− 2 batteries captured from the Syrian Army in 2016, non-operational
1229:− 12 S-125M Pechora-M and 24 S-125M1 Pechora-M1 batteries as of 2024
1072:
In 2001, Poland began offering an upgrade to the S-125 known as the
586:
trucks in pairs. Reloading the fixed launchers takes a few minutes.
17:
2152:
1567:− 4 S-125-2M Pechora-2M and 10 S-125M1 Neva-M1 batteries as of 2024
1118:
Later the same year, the
Russian version was upgraded again to the
764:
The S-125 system uses two different missile versions and variants.
5064:
5059:
5054:
5037:
4956:
4935:
4930:
4904:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4651:
4012:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3610:
International
Institute for Strategic Studies (13 February 2024).
2084:
Vlamgat: The Story of the Mirage F1 in the South African Air Force
1940:
1775:
1494:
1386:− 6 S-125M Pechora-M batteries as of 2024. Serviceability doubtful
1341:
1313:
1203:
1183:
1131:
1085:
1023:
1015:
864:
809:
489:
470:
426:
407:
327:
319:
113:
2185:
1167:
has unveiled a modernization version of S-125, designated as the
356:
sites already ringing the city, as well as in other parts of the
5019:
4829:
4826:
4772:
4762:
4646:
4641:
4514:
4380:
4191:
4108:
4045:
3861:
3819:
1792:
1748:
1511:− 16 S-125 Pechora batteries as of 2024. Serviceability doubtful
1453:
1383:
1299:
1295:
1097:
520:
484:
368:
was developed. The original version was designated SA-3A by the
3704:
3534:
Cooper, Tom; Weinert, Peter; Hinz, Fabian; Lepko, Mark (2011).
3116:"Ukraine Shows It Can Use Old Soviet Stuff to Great Effect Too"
1525:− 3 S-125 Pechora-2M and 5 S-125M1 Neva-M1 batteries as of 2024
1016:
968:
have just labeled this article as needing attention, please add
1107:
modifications include terminal/camera homing from radar base.
930:
829:
380 kW C-band target acquisition radar (also used by the
3489:. Warwick, UK: Helion & Company Publishing. p. 15.
3310:. U.S. Department of State. 18 November 2005. Archived from
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
435:
transporter vehicle (9T911), captured by the IDF during the
2627:"Таджикистан получил зенитно-ракетный комплекс "Печора-2М""
2285:"F-16 Aircraft Database: F-16 Airframe Details for 88-0550"
1298:− S-125M/M1 Pechora M/M1, some Pechora M1s are mounted on
1208:
Simulated Soviet surface to air missile site at Nellis AFB
344:
The S-125 was first deployed between 1961 and 1964 around
3674:
Jane's Defence news on Egyptian S-125 upgrade, April 2006
3631:
O'Halloran, James C.; Foss, Christopher F., eds. (2002).
1904:− 1,250 launchers in 1991, passed on to successor states
557:
On April 14, 2018, American, British, and French forces
271:. It has a shorter effective range and lower engagement
3453:
3396:
2261:"Holloman commander recalls being shot down in Serbia"
1670:− 120 launchers in 1992, passed on to successor states
1063:
Early warning radar is replaced by anti-stealth radar
578:
The S-125 is somewhat mobile, an improvement over the
280:
than the S-75. The 5V24 (V-600) missiles reach around
515:
stealth attack aircraft on March 27, 1999 during the
483:
against downtown Baghdad on 19 January, 1991, a USAF
5155:
Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union
3371:
Nachtrab, Thomas; Mitzer, Stijn (19 February 2022).
2760:"Ukrainian SAM upgrade locks on to launch customers"
5008:
4761:
4554:
4537:
4494:
4379:
4226:
4209:
4086:
3844:
3749:
3679:
Defencetalk on Egyptian S-125 upgrade, October 2006
3466:Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (21 November 2021).
2117:"Боевое применение зенитной ракетной системы С-125"
747:
739:
727:
719:
702:
694:
686:
678:
670:
662:
654:
649:
641:
636:
628:
618:
599:
215:
207:
196:
188:
178:
173:
119:
108:
100:
95:
85:
73:
47:
3566:(5th ed.). Surrey: Jane's Information Group.
3308:Embassy of the United States Phnom Pehn · Cambodia
3304:"U.S. Assists Cambodia in Destruction of Missiles"
3290:
2789:"Thiếu tướng Lê Đăng Dũng - dấu ấn người đứng đầu"
1032:Since Russia replaced all of its S-125 sites with
360:. In 1964, an upgraded version of the system, the
27:"SA-3" redirects here. For the Apollo flight, see
3519:. Solihull, UK: Helion & Company Publishing.
3143:"Upgraded Polish SA-3 Goa SAMs Defending Ukraine"
2715:Dr C Kopp, Smaiaa, Smieee, Peng (14 June 2009).
2424:"Polskie S-125 Newa-SC już bronią niebo Ukrainy"
2309:"air force lost predator was shot down in syria"
1710:− 12 launchers in 1992, designated as the SAM-79
1497:− S-125-2M Pechora-2M and S-125M/M1 Pechora-M/M1
989:Knowledge:Pages needing translation into English
463:in 1970 (1 more was W/O) and in 1973 another 6.
3373:"Goas In The Savanna: Mali's S-125 SAM Systems"
3345:Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (8 April 2021).
1270:− 24 S-125-2TM Pechora-2TM batteries as of 2024
909:In 1974 - 1976 some systems were modernized to
613:V-600 missiles on the S-125 quadruple launcher.
451:. During the latter, the S-125, along with the
3536:African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe
1154:announced a modernized version of S-125 named
848:antenna and a 9Sh33A camera (optical channel).
531:, managed to eject and was later rescued by a
3716:
3589:International Institute for Strategic Studies
3425:International Institute for Strategic Studies
3407:
3405:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
1414:− 2+ S-125-2M Pechora-2M batteries as of 2024
8:
2744:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1243:− 12 S-125M1 Pechora-M1 batteries as of 2024
1092:), greatly improving mobility and also adds
5165:Surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union
1850:− 16 launchers in 2002, passed on to Serbia
1330:− 4 S-125M1 Pechora-M1 batteries as of 2024
1146:instrumentation, for use as target drones.
948:from someone fluent in Russian and English.
332:Abandoned Soviet S-125 missile near Saare,
284:3 to 3.5 in flight, both stages powered by
5175:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
4551:
4223:
3723:
3709:
3701:
3635:(15th ed.). Janes Information Group.
3259:
2274:, 7 February 2007. Retrieved: 16 May 2008.
1581:− 44 S-125 Pechora-2M batteries as of 2024
928:frigates also carry the M-1 Volna system.
596:
44:
3658:Description of C-125 on the producer site
1609:− 6 S-125M Pechora-M batteries as of 2024
1020:Two S-125 dual missile launcher trailers.
3433:. Oxford University Press. p. 102.
2477:
2475:
1400:− 3 S-125M1 Neva-M1 batteries as of 2024
1372:− 8 S-125M1 Neva-M1 batteries as of 2024
869:ZIF-101 launcher of Volna system on the
3633:Jane's Land-Based Air Defense 2002-2003
2015:
1965:
1469:− 14 S-125 Newa SC batteries as of 2024
507:3rd battery equipped with S-125 system
3696:S-125M1 Neva (SA-3b Goa) SAM Simulator
3669:Federation of American Scientists page
3560:Jane's Land-Based Air Defence: 1992-93
3411:
2737:
1483:− 6 S-125M Neva-M batteries as of 2024
959:Pages needing translation into English
410:'s Tobias Haneko Training Camp during
2637:from the original on 29 November 2014
2577:from the original on 27 November 2014
2460:from the original on 29 November 2018
2026:. Federation of American Scientists.
523:fighter on May 2 (its pilot; Lt. Col
7:
3332:
3230:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2717:"Legacy Air Defence System Upgrades"
2667:from the original on 12 October 2014
2232:"Airframe Details for F-16 #87-0257"
324:A pair of S-125 missiles in transit.
3141:Mitkow, Mateusz (7 December 2022).
2121:Военно-патриотический сайт «Отвага»
1130:and electronics. There is an added
946:translated text and needs attention
2404:from the original on 22 April 2018
2374:from the original on 18 April 2018
1161:The Vietnamese state-owned agency
841:SNR-125 (NATO codename "Low Blow")
25:
1358:− 3 S-125-1T batteries as of 2024
505:250th Air Defense Missile Brigade
1992:
1980:
1968:
1947:
1933:
1928:Tigray People's Liberation Front
1921:
1908:
1894:
1881:
1867:
1854:
1840:
1826:
1813:
1799:
1785:
1768:
1754:
1741:
1727:
1714:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1620:
1599:
1585:
1571:
1557:
1543:
1529:
1515:
1501:
1487:
1473:
1459:
1446:
1432:
1418:
1404:
1390:
1376:
1362:
1348:
1334:
1320:
1306:
1288:
1274:
1260:
1247:
1233:
1219:
1051:It is also possible to fire the
935:
607:
406:On 7 June 1980, while attacking
168:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine
62:
3430:The Military Balance 2000. 2001
2727:from the original on 2014-12-30
2697:from the original on 2012-02-05
2518:from the original on 2013-11-04
2345:from the original on 2017-09-15
2242:from the original on 2013-07-07
2163:from the original on 2017-05-25
2127:from the original on 2017-07-15
2030:from the original on 2012-08-19
843:250 kW I/D-band tracking,
3593:The Military Balance 1989-1990
3538:. Houston: Harpia Publishing.
837:, range 250 km/155 miles)
743:18,000 metres (59,000 ft)
412:Operation Sceptic (Smokeshell)
160:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
1:
5160:Naval surface-to-air missiles
1778:− 132 launchers prior to the
1175:operation in the near future.
723:Solid propellant rocket motor
2819:Báo Công an Nhân dân điện tử
2766:. 2010-10-14. Archived from
2483:"S-125/Pechora (SA-3 'Goa')"
2448:Carlo, Kopp (30 June 2009).
2051:. The Drive. 7 December 2022
259:system that was designed by
114:present and former operators
31:. For Railway coupling, see
1164:Viettel Aerospace Institute
1150:In October 2010, Ukrainian
827:(NATO codename "Squat Eye")
820:(NATO codename "Flat Face")
566:Russian invasion of Ukraine
183:Almaz Central Design Bureau
68:Peruvian Air Force Pechora.
5191:
3291:O'Halloran & Foss 2002
2398:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
1171:. It is expected to enter
735:35 kilometres (22 mi)
152:NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
26:
4812:SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal
3613:The Military Balance 2024
2298:. Retrieved: 16 May 2008.
1987:SNR-125 "Low Blow" radar.
714:
629:Place of origin
606:
547:drone was shot down by a
372:and the new Neva-M named
299:and original designation
242:
86:Place of origin
61:
3616:. Taylor & Francis.
1999:PRV-11 "Side Net" radar.
880:Work on a naval version
549:Syrian Air Defense Force
533:combat search-and-rescue
3210:People's Army Newspaper
1975:P-15 "Flat Face" radar.
1957:− 140 launchers in 1992
1836:− 100 launchers in 2002
543:On 17 March 2015, a US
3684:S-125 Missile Pictures
3664:MissileThreat.com page
3260:Cullen & Foss 1992
1809:− 12 launchers in 2002
1737:− 24 launchers in 1992
1630:− 12 launchers in 1992
1209:
1201:
1173:Vietnamese Air Defence
1040:Released in 2000, the
1029:
1021:
944:This article contains
886:Kotlin class destroyer
877:
871:Kashin class destroyer
650:Specifications (V-601)
623:Surface-to-air missile
594:Surface-to-air missile
529:555th Fighter Squadron
495:
479:During the disastrous
476:
440:
341:
325:
291:. The S-125, like the
257:surface-to-air missile
55:: SA-3 Goa, SA-N-1 Goa
42:Short-range SAM system
35:. For other uses, see
4652:SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat
4346:SA-23 Gladiator/Giant
4291:SA-12 Gladiator/Giant
3595:. London: Brassey's.
2770:on September 11, 2012
2764:Jane's Defence Weekly
1877:− 8 launchers in 1991
1848:Serbia and Montenegro
1780:2011 Libyan Civil War
1428:− S-125-2M Pechora-2M
1207:
1187:
1076:. This replaced many
1027:
1019:
983:to the bottom of the
868:
856:Variants and upgrades
493:
474:
430:
331:
323:
243:С-125 "Нева"/"Печора"
5170:Almaz-Antey products
5072:SSC-8 Stone KB 9M729
5069:SSC-7 Stone KS 9M728
3555:Foss, Christopher F.
3515:Cooper, Tom (2017).
3485:Cooper, Tom (2018).
2657:"RusArmy.com - "-2""
954:this article's entry
37:SA3 (disambiguation)
5032:SSC-2 Salish/Samlet
4936:SS-N-25 Switchblade
4742:SS-X-32Zh Scalpel B
2607:on 27 November 2014
1046:probability of kill
695:Warhead weight
527:, the commander of
311:Operational history
247:NATO reporting name
201:JSC Defense Systems
140:Uganda–Tanzania War
53:NATO reporting name
3689:2017-03-11 at the
3454:Cooper et al. 2011
3397:Cooper et al. 2011
3314:on 19 October 2008
2290:2008-10-13 at the
2266:2009-03-28 at the
2182:"Russia vs Israel"
1344:− S-125M Pechora-M
1210:
1202:
1030:
1022:
895:parabolic antennas
878:
637:Production history
559:launched a barrage
496:
477:
441:
431:S-125 on Egyptian
342:
326:
263:to complement the
174:Production history
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
4931:SS-NX-24 Scorpion
4895:SS-N-19 Shipwreck
4845:SS-N-7 Starbright
4533:
4532:
4183:'Avtonomya' IR FF
3642:978-0-7106-2437-6
3623:978-1-040-05115-3
3573:978-0-7106-0979-3
3545:978-0-9825539-8-5
3526:978-1-912174-23-2
3496:978-1-911628-18-7
3440:978-0-19-929003-1
2793:viettelfamily.com
2313:Airforcetimes.com
2211:Los Angeles Times
2093:978-0-620-24116-8
1962:Gallery of radars
1007:
1006:
992:
969:
762:
761:
535:(CSAR) mission).
525:David L. Goldfein
416:deadstick landing
366:S-125M1 "Neva-M1"
348:, augmenting the
303:(Russian Волна –
223:
222:
136:Angolan Civil War
56:
16:(Redirected from
5182:
5120:SSC-X-9 Stone AN
5078:Klub N/M 3M14/54
5060:SSC-X-5 Scorpion
4941:SS-N-26 Strobile
4900:SS-N-20 Sturgeon
4890:SS-N-18 Stingray
4880:SS-N-16 Stallion
4875:SS-N-15 Starfish
4822:SS-N-5 Sark/Serb
4807:SS-N-3c Shaddock
4753:SS-X-33 Stone AN
4737:SS-X-31 Sickle D
4692:SS-22 Scaleboard
4637:SS-12 Scaleboard
4552:
4462:SA-N-20 Gargoyle
4396:SA-N-2 Guideline
4224:
4187:Hermes A/M/K ATS
4060:AS-X-36 Stone AH
4024:AS-28 Strobile A
3732:NATO designation
3725:
3718:
3711:
3702:
3646:
3627:
3606:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3565:
3549:
3530:
3501:
3500:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3263:
3257:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2829:
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2826:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2785:
2779:
2778:
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2775:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2743:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2603:. Archived from
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2544:. Archived from
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2479:
2470:
2469:
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2465:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2390:
2384:
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2381:
2379:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2281:
2275:
2259:Roberts, Chris.
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2184:. Archived from
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2024:"S-125 SA-3 GOA"
2020:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1720:
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1717:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1666:
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1653:
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1650:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1396:
1394:
1393:
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1340:
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1310:
1309:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1198:
1192:
1156:S-125-2D Pechora
1088:tank chassis (a
1080:components with
1002:
999:
993:
982:
980:
977:
963:
961:for discussion.
939:
931:
785:): the upgraded
611:
602:
597:
539:Syrian Civil War
503:A Yugoslav Army
481:Package Q Strike
445:War of Attrition
244:
237:
156:Syrian Civil War
128:War of Attrition
66:
57:
51:
45:
21:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5134:
5055:SSC-4 Slingshot
5011:
5004:
5000:SS-NX-38 Canyon
4946:SS-N-27 Sizzler
4910:SS-N-22 Sunburn
4905:SS-N-21 Sampson
4860:SS-N-12 Sandbox
4797:SS-N-1 Scrubber
4764:
4757:
4732:SS-X-30 Satan 2
4556:
4543:
4540:
4529:
4497:
4490:
4452:SA-N-12 Grizzly
4437:SA-N-9 Gauntlet
4382:
4375:
4341:SA-22 Greyhound
4228:
4215:
4212:
4205:
4164:AT-13 Saxhorn-2
4092:
4089:
4082:
4018:AS-27 Sunburn A
3903:AS-8 Kokon AT-6
3850:
3847:
3840:
3753:
3745:
3729:
3691:Wayback Machine
3654:
3649:
3643:
3630:
3624:
3609:
3603:
3587:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3563:
3557:, eds. (1992).
3552:
3546:
3533:
3527:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3465:
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3422:
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3410:
3403:
3395:
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3379:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3317:
3315:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3289:
3266:
3258:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3216:
3214:
3213:(in Vietnamese)
3203:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
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3150:
3140:
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3005:
3001:
2993:
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2873:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2824:
2822:
2821:(in Vietnamese)
2812:
2811:
2807:
2798:
2796:
2795:(in Vietnamese)
2787:
2786:
2782:
2773:
2771:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2721:Ausairpower.net
2714:
2713:
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2549:
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2534:
2530:
2521:
2519:
2514:. 17 May 2007.
2506:
2505:
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2480:
2473:
2463:
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2454:Ausairpower.net
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2292:Wayback Machine
2282:
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2268:Wayback Machine
2258:
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1349:
1347:
1335:
1333:
1321:
1319:
1307:
1305:
1289:
1287:
1284:− S-125M Neva-M
1275:
1273:
1261:
1259:
1248:
1246:
1234:
1232:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1057:cruise missiles
1055:system against
1014:
1012:Modern upgrades
1003:
997:
994:
981:
978:
974:subst:Needtrans
971:
970:
962:
950:
949:
940:
863:
858:
806:
752:
750:
740:Flight altitude
732:
730:
715:
707:
705:
614:
600:
595:
592:
576:
568:
541:
513:F-117 Nighthawk
501:
469:
425:
390:
362:S-125M "Neva-M"
318:
313:
233:
166:
164:Tigray conflict
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
101:In service
96:Service history
69:
50:
48:
43:
40:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5188:
5186:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5147:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5087:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5065:SSC-6 Sennight
5062:
5057:
5052:
5046:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5016:
5014:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4769:
4767:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4727:SS-29 Sickle C
4724:
4719:
4717:SS-27 Sickle B
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4677:SS-19 Stiletto
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4642:SS-X-13 Savage
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4560:
4558:
4549:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4472:
4464:
4459:
4457:SA-N-14 Grouse
4454:
4449:
4447:SA-N-11 Grison
4444:
4442:SA-N-10 Grouse
4439:
4434:
4432:SA-N-8 Gremlin
4429:
4424:
4422:SA-N-6 Grumble
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4331:SA-20 Gargoyle
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4306:SA-15 Gauntlet
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4241:SA-2 Guideline
4238:
4232:
4230:
4221:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4179:AT-16 Scallion
4176:
4174:АТ-15 Springer
4171:
4169:АТ-14 Spriggan
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4055:Kh-74M2 "GZUR"
4052:
4049:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3943:AS-16 Kickback
3940:
3935:
3930:
3928:AS-13 Kingbolt
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:14Kh 18Kh RV-1
3858:
3856:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3830:
3829:K-74M2 (R-73M)
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3747:
3746:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3652:External links
3650:
3648:
3647:
3641:
3628:
3622:
3607:
3602:978-0080375694
3601:
3585:
3572:
3553:Cullen, Tony;
3550:
3544:
3531:
3525:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3477:
3458:
3446:
3439:
3416:
3401:
3389:
3363:
3337:
3325:
3295:
3293:, p. 290.
3264:
3262:, p. 263.
3235:
3233:, p. 528.
3223:
3196:
3194:, p. 326.
3184:
3182:, p. 456.
3172:
3170:, p. 216.
3160:
3133:
3107:
3105:, p. 209.
3095:
3093:, p. 207.
3083:
3081:, p. 520.
3071:
3069:, p. 387.
3059:
3057:, p. 134.
3047:
3045:, p. 126.
3035:
3033:, p. 449.
3023:
3021:, p. 284.
3011:
3009:, p. 297.
2999:
2997:, p. 295.
2987:
2985:, p. 190.
2975:
2973:, p. 290.
2963:
2961:, p. 189.
2951:
2949:, p. 187.
2939:
2937:, p. 270.
2927:
2925:, p. 491.
2915:
2913:, p. 351.
2903:
2901:, p. 429.
2891:
2879:
2877:, p. 181.
2867:
2865:, p. 179.
2855:
2853:, p. 472.
2843:
2841:, p. 344.
2831:
2805:
2780:
2751:
2707:
2678:
2648:
2618:
2588:
2558:
2528:
2499:
2471:
2440:
2415:
2385:
2355:
2341:. 2016-12-15.
2326:
2315:. 29 June 2015
2300:
2276:
2252:
2223:
2198:
2173:
2137:
2123:(in Russian).
2108:
2099:
2092:
2071:
2061:
2040:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1944:
1930:
1918:
1905:
1891:
1878:
1864:
1851:
1837:
1823:
1810:
1796:
1782:
1765:
1751:
1738:
1724:
1711:
1697:
1684:
1682:Czech Republic
1671:
1668:Czechoslovakia
1657:
1644:
1631:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1596:
1582:
1568:
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1540:
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1331:
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1139:
1102:
1101:
1061:
1060:
1049:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1004:
943:
941:
934:
888:(Project 56K)
862:
859:
857:
854:
850:
849:
838:
805:
802:
801:
800:
790:
776:
760:
759:
753:
748:
745:
744:
741:
737:
736:
733:
728:
725:
724:
721:
717:
716:
712:
711:
710:Proximity fuse
708:
703:
700:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
660:
659:
656:
652:
651:
647:
646:
643:
639:
638:
634:
633:
630:
626:
625:
620:
616:
615:
612:
604:
603:
593:
591:
588:
575:
572:
567:
564:
540:
537:
500:
497:
468:
465:
449:Yom Kippur War
437:Yom Kippur War
424:
421:
389:
386:
317:
314:
312:
309:
255:) is a Soviet
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
171:
170:
132:Yom Kippur War
121:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
75:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
41:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5187:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5045:Schuka KSShch
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4926:SS-N-23B Skif
4924:
4922:
4921:SS-N-23A Skif
4919:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4885:SS-N-17 Snipe
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:SS-N-14 Silex
4868:
4866:
4865:SS-NX-13 Serb
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:SS-N-8 Sawfly
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:SS-28 Saber 2
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4702:SS-24 Scalpel
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:SS-17 Spanker
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:SS-15 Scrooge
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4617:SS-8B Sasin 2
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4427:SA-N-7 Gadfly
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:SA-N-3 Goblet
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:SA-21 Growler
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4316:SA-17 Grizzly
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:SA-14 Gremlin
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:SA-10 Grumble
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4202:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E
4201:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:AT-12 Swinger
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4149:AT-10 Stabber
4147:
4145:
4144:AT-9 Spiral-2
4142:
4140:
4139:AT-8 Songster
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:AT-5 Spandrel
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4066:AS-37 BrahMos
4064:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E
4050:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:AS-29 Sizzler
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:AS-X-19 Koala
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3948:AS-17 Krypton
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3893:AS-6 Kingfish
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:AS-3 Kangaroo
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:K-77M (R-77M)
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3575:
3569:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3498:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3459:
3456:, p. 160
3455:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3390:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3338:
3335:, p. 48.
3334:
3329:
3326:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3148:
3147:defence24.com
3144:
3137:
3134:
3122:. 2 July 2024
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2889:, p. 78.
2888:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2820:
2816:
2813:cand.com.vn.
2809:
2806:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2548:on 2013-08-27
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2441:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2188:on 2019-08-01
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2086:. Covos-Day.
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1945:
1942:
1931:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1903:
1892:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1865:
1863:
1852:
1849:
1838:
1835:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1808:
1797:
1794:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1766:
1763:
1762:Islamic State
1752:
1750:
1739:
1736:
1725:
1723:
1712:
1709:
1698:
1696:
1685:
1683:
1672:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1643:
1632:
1629:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1597:
1594:
1583:
1580:
1569:
1566:
1555:
1552:
1541:
1538:
1527:
1524:
1513:
1510:
1499:
1496:
1485:
1482:
1471:
1468:
1457:
1455:
1444:
1441:
1430:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1402:
1399:
1388:
1385:
1374:
1371:
1360:
1357:
1346:
1343:
1332:
1329:
1318:
1315:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1286:
1283:
1272:
1269:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1242:
1231:
1228:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1193: Current
1186:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1001:
990:
986:
975:
967:
960:
956:
955:
947:
942:
938:
933:
932:
929:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
899:
896:
891:
887:
883:
875:
872:
867:
861:Naval version
860:
855:
853:
846:
842:
839:
836:
832:
828:
826:
821:
819:
815:
814:
813:
811:
803:
798:
794:
791:
788:
784:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
766:
765:
758:
754:
746:
742:
738:
734:
726:
722:
718:
713:
709:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
644:
640:
635:
631:
627:
624:
621:
617:
610:
605:
598:
589:
587:
585:
581:
573:
571:
565:
563:
560:
555:
552:
550:
546:
545:MQ-1 Predator
538:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
498:
492:
488:
486:
482:
473:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
438:
434:
429:
422:
420:
417:
413:
409:
404:
402:
399:
395:
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
339:
335:
330:
322:
315:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:rocket motors
287:
283:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:Aleksei Isaev
258:
254:
253:
248:
240:
236:
231:
230:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
181:
177:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:Iran–Iraq War
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
65:
60:
54:
46:
38:
34:
30:
29:SA-3 (Apollo)
19:
5130:Hermes K ATS
5125:Hermes M ATS
5094:SSC-5 Stooge
5026:SSC-1B Sepal
4915:SS-N-23 Skif
4855:SS-N-9 Siren
4707:SS-25 Sickle
4697:SS-23 Spider
4687:SS-21 Scarab
4662:SS-16 Sinner
4647:SS-13 Savage
4607:SS-7 Saddler
4602:SS-6 Sapwood
4587:SS-3 Shyster
4582:SS-2 Sibling
4564:SS-1 Scunner
4515:53T6 Gazelle
4506:ABM-1 Galosh
4486:Palash/Palma
4417:SA-N-5 Grail
4412:SA-N-4 Gecko
4390:
4351:SA-24 Grinch
4326:SA-19 Grison
4321:SA-18 Grouse
4311:SA-16 Gimlet
4296:SA-13 Gopher
4286:SA-11 Gadfly
4261:SA-6 Gainful
4245:
4154:AT-11 Sniper
4134:AT-7 Saxhorn
4109:AT-2 Swatter
4104:AT-1 Snapper
4036:Hermes A ATS
4008:AS-26 Kodiak
3975:Kh-59MK2S/69
3923:AS-12 Kegler
3918:AS-11 Kilter
3883:AS-4 Kitchen
3815:AA-11 Archer
3740:Soviet Union
3632:
3612:
3592:
3577:. Retrieved
3559:
3535:
3516:
3508:Bibliography
3486:
3480:
3471:
3461:
3449:
3429:
3419:
3414:, p. 43
3399:, p. 68
3392:
3380:. Retrieved
3376:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3350:
3340:
3328:
3316:. Retrieved
3312:the original
3307:
3298:
3226:
3215:. Retrieved
3208:
3199:
3187:
3175:
3163:
3151:. Retrieved
3146:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3119:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2906:
2894:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2823:. Retrieved
2818:
2808:
2797:. Retrieved
2792:
2783:
2772:. Retrieved
2768:the original
2754:
2740:cite journal
2729:. Retrieved
2720:
2710:
2699:. Retrieved
2691:Spacewar.com
2690:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2660:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2631:Arms-expo.ru
2630:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2605:the original
2600:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2570:
2561:
2550:. Retrieved
2546:the original
2541:
2531:
2520:. Retrieved
2511:
2502:
2491:. Retrieved
2489:. 2008-02-13
2486:
2462:. Retrieved
2453:
2443:
2432:. Retrieved
2427:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2397:
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2367:
2358:
2347:. Retrieved
2338:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2295:
2279:
2271:
2255:
2244:. Retrieved
2235:
2226:
2215:. Retrieved
2213:. 1991-03-16
2210:
2201:
2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2176:
2165:. Retrieved
2156:
2129:. Retrieved
2120:
2111:
2102:
2083:
2074:
2064:
2053:. Retrieved
2043:
2032:. Retrieved
2018:
1902:Soviet Union
1695:East Germany
1537:Turkmenistan
1302:tank chassis
1199: Former
1168:
1163:
1155:
1152:Aerotechnica
1151:
1141:
1119:
1109:
1103:
1073:
1062:
1052:
1041:
1031:
1008:
995:
972:{{
965:
952:
945:
923:
918:
914:
910:
908:
903:
900:
889:
881:
879:
873:
851:
845:fire control
840:
823:
816:
807:
796:
792:
786:
782:
778:
772:
768:
763:
645:V-600, V-601
632:Soviet Union
577:
569:
556:
553:
542:
502:
478:
461:F-4 Phantoms
442:
405:
391:
377:
376:and (naval)
373:
365:
361:
343:
316:Soviet Union
304:
300:
296:
251:
249:
229:Neva/Pechora
228:
226:
224:
211:1961–present
197:Manufacturer
112:See list of
109:Used by
104:1961–present
90:Soviet Union
77:short-range
5096:Bastion P/S
4840:SS-N-6 Serb
4817:SS-N-4 Sark
4802:SS-N-2 Styx
4749:/ HGV Yu-7#
4712:SS-26 Stone
4682:SS-20 Saber
4672:SS-18 Satan
4627:SS-10 Scrag
4592:SS-4 Sandal
4356:SA-29 Gizmo
4276:SA-9 Gaskin
4256:SA-5 Gammon
4129:AT-6 Spiral
4119:AT-4 Spigot
4114:AT-3 Sagger
4074:(Kh-72) ASM
3963:AS-20 Kayak
3953:AS-18 Kazoo
3933:AS-14 Kedge
3913:AS-10 Karen
3873:AS-2 Kipper
3868:AS-1 Kennel
3825:AA-13 Arrow
3820:AA-12 Adder
3810:AA-10 Alamo
3765:AA-1 Alkali
3738:and former
3412:Cooper 2017
3149:(in Polish)
2671:14 November
2661:Rusarmy.com
2641:14 November
2611:14 November
2597:"Каста-2-2"
2581:14 November
2571:Pvo.guns.ru
2542:Defensys.ru
2464:28 November
2430:(in Polish)
2378:28 November
2157:pvo.guns.ru
2153:"ЗРК С-125"
1889:South Yemen
1821:North Yemen
1628:Afghanistan
1509:South Sudan
1440:North Korea
1100:launchers).
998:August 2022
987:section on
951:Please see
729:Operational
574:Description
423:Middle East
401:Mirage F.1s
203:(Pechora-M)
124:Vietnam War
33:SA3 coupler
5149:Categories
5049:SSC-3 Styx
5038:P-20 Sokol
4784:P-20 Sokol
4779:KS-1 Komet
4632:SS-11 Sego
4622:SS-9 Scarp
4612:SS-8 Sasin
4597:SS-5 Skean
4541:to-surface
4391:SA-N-1 Goa
4371:Sosna-R/RA
4271:SA-8 Gecko
4266:SA-7 Grail
4251:SA-4 Ganef
4236:SA-1 Guild
4078:BrahMos-II
3938:AS-15 Kent
3898:AS-7 Kerry
3848:to-surface
3800:AA-8 Aphid
3790:AA-6 Acrid
3770:AA-2 Atoll
3751:Air-to-air
3660:in Russian
3217:2024-07-08
2825:2022-02-15
2799:2022-02-15
2774:2010-11-05
2731:2013-08-26
2701:2013-08-26
2552:2013-08-26
2522:2013-08-26
2493:2008-08-04
2434:2022-12-07
2368:eng.mil.ru
2349:2017-07-20
2246:2013-08-26
2217:2020-01-10
2192:2019-07-28
2167:2017-07-20
2131:2017-07-20
2080:Lord, Dick
2055:2022-12-31
2034:2012-09-16
2005:References
1955:Yugoslavia
1807:Mozambique
1565:Uzbekistan
1523:Tajikistan
1370:Kyrgyzstan
1356:Kazakhstan
1268:Azerbaijan
1188:Operators
1053:Pechora-2M
818:P-15 radar
720:Propellant
704:Detonation
517:Kosovo War
499:Yugoslavia
453:S-75 Dvina
364:and later
297:SA-N-1 Goa
286:solid fuel
49:S-125 Neva
5043:SSC-K P-1
4835:D-7 R-15M
4775:15Kh 17Kh
4568:SS-1 Scud
4546:full list
4498:ballistic
4470:Greyhound
4218:full list
4095:full list
4088:Anti-tank
3908:AS-9 Kyle
3888:AS-5 Kelt
3853:full list
3805:AA-9 Amos
3795:AA-7 Apex
3775:AA-3 Anab
3756:full list
3472:Oryx Blog
3382:18 August
3356:18 August
3333:IISS 1989
3318:18 August
3231:IISS 2024
3192:IISS 2024
3180:IISS 2024
3168:IISS 2024
3153:18 August
3126:18 August
3120:Kyiv Post
3103:IISS 2024
3091:IISS 2024
3079:IISS 2024
3067:IISS 2024
3055:IISS 2024
3043:IISS 2024
3031:IISS 2024
3019:IISS 2024
3007:IISS 2024
2995:IISS 2024
2983:IISS 2024
2971:IISS 2024
2959:IISS 2024
2947:IISS 2024
2935:IISS 2024
2923:IISS 2024
2911:IISS 2024
2899:IISS 2024
2887:IISS 2024
2875:IISS 2024
2863:IISS 2024
2851:IISS 2024
2839:IISS 2024
2601:Vniirt.ru
2487:Janes.com
2428:Militarny
2010:Citations
1579:Venezuela
1180:Operators
1144:telemetry
1136:infra-red
1120:Pechora-M
1114:in 2006.
1112:La Habana
1042:Pechora-2
882:M-1 Volna
812:systems:
706:mechanism
509:shot down
301:M-1 Volna
235:‹See Tfd›
5112:SSC-X-15
5106:SSC-X-11
5100:SSC-7/12
4995:SS-NX-37
4977:SS-NX-34
4972:SS-NX-33
4957:SS-NX-28
4951:SS-N-30A
4747:Avangard
4539:Surface-
4401:SA-NX-2C
4246:SA-3 Goa
4211:Surface-
4194:Izd. 305
4048:Izd. 305
3987:Kh-38/36
3785:AA-5 Ash
3780:AA-4 Awl
3743:missiles
3687:Archived
3591:(1989).
3427:(2000).
2725:Archived
2695:Archived
2665:Archived
2635:Archived
2575:Archived
2516:Archived
2458:Archived
2408:23 April
2402:Archived
2372:Archived
2343:Archived
2339:Fox News
2319:26 April
2296:F-16.net
2288:Archived
2272:F-16.net
2264:Archived
2240:Archived
2236:F-16.net
2161:Archived
2125:Archived
2082:(2000).
2028:Archived
1916:Tanzania
1862:Slovakia
1655:Cambodia
1412:Mongolia
1328:Ethiopia
1282:Bulgaria
1169:S-125-VT
1078:analogue
1065:Kasta 2E
985:WP:PNTCU
835:9K33 Osa
831:2K12 Kub
825:P-15M(2)
749:Guidance
682:2,200 mm
679:Wingspan
671:Diameter
666:6,090 mm
642:Variants
457:2K12 Kub
447:and the
394:FAPA-DAA
334:Saaremaa
273:altitude
216:Variants
208:Produced
189:Designed
179:Designer
148:Gulf War
5102:3M-80MV
5085:BrahMos
5034:AS/KS-1
5012:to-ship
4990:SS-N-36
4985:SS-N-35
4967:SS-N-32
4962:SS-N-29
4578:/-C/-D)
4555:Ground-
4467:SA-N-21
4227:Ground-
4062:(Kh-76)
3968:AS-X-21
3736:Russian
3579:14 July
1875:Somalia
1735:Hungary
1722:Georgia
1708:Finland
1642:Belarus
1593:Vietnam
1551:Ukraine
1426:Myanmar
1398:Moldova
1255:Armenia
1227:Algeria
1213:Current
1124:warhead
1105:Serbian
1082:digital
1074:Newa SC
1028:Newa SC
919:Volna-N
911:Volna-P
904:Volna-M
874:Strogiy
797:S-125M1
690:Frag-HE
687:Warhead
590:Missile
433:ZIL-131
382:Vietnam
378:SA-N-1B
338:Estonia
239:Russian
5108:"GZUR"
5090:SSC-10
5082:SSC-13
5076:SSC-14
5051:Rubezh
4773:14KhK1
4763:Naval-
4572:Scud-A
4381:Naval-
4361:Morfey
4213:to-air
4090:guided
4072:Zirkon
4032:Club A
3836:KS-172
3639:
3620:
3599:
3570:
3542:
3523:
3493:
3437:
2536:ARIC.
2283:Anon.
2090:
1952:
1938:
1913:
1899:
1886:
1872:
1859:
1845:
1834:Russia
1831:
1818:
1804:
1790:
1773:
1760:
1746:
1732:
1719:
1705:
1692:
1679:
1665:
1652:
1639:
1625:
1614:Former
1607:Zambia
1604:
1590:
1576:
1562:
1548:
1534:
1520:
1506:
1492:
1481:Serbia
1478:
1467:Poland
1464:
1451:
1437:
1423:
1409:
1395:
1381:
1367:
1353:
1339:
1325:
1311:
1293:
1279:
1265:
1252:
1241:Angola
1238:
1224:
1197:
1191:
926:Indian
915:V-601M
890:Bravyi
804:Radars
795:: the
787:S-125M
751:system
674:375 mm
663:Length
658:953 kg
601:V-600
388:Angola
370:US DoD
346:Moscow
227:S-125
81:system
5028:Redut
5010:Ship-
4953:3M-14
4917:R29RM
4765:based
4557:based
4525:A-235
4520:S-500
4511:ABM-3
4496:Anti-
4481:Redut
4383:based
4366:S-350
4229:based
4198:Kh-50
4041:Kh-50
4026:Kh-61
4020:Kh-41
4013:Kh-90
4004:Kh-50
4002:AS-25
3997:Kh-45
3993:Kh-36
3991:AS-24
3985:AS-23
3981:Kh-32
3979:AS-4M
3973:AS-22
3564:(PDF)
2723:: 1.
2567:"-22"
2512:Rg.ru
2456:: 1.
1941:Yemen
1776:Libya
1495:Syria
1342:India
1314:Egypt
1132:laser
1086:WZT-1
1034:S-300
924:Some
810:radar
793:5V27D
779:V-601
769:V-600
731:range
698:60 kg
408:SWAPO
374:SA-3B
250:SA-3
192:1950s
5115:Skif
5020:10Kh
4980:Skif
4830:D-6M
4792:P-47
4789:P-40
4192:LMUR
4046:LMUR
3862:10Kh
3846:Air-
3734:for
3637:ISBN
3618:ISBN
3597:ISBN
3581:2024
3568:ISBN
3540:ISBN
3521:ISBN
3491:ISBN
3435:ISBN
3384:2024
3377:Oryx
3358:2024
3351:Oryx
3320:2024
3155:2024
3128:2024
2746:link
2673:2014
2643:2014
2613:2014
2583:2014
2466:2018
2410:2018
2380:2018
2321:2016
2088:ISBN
1793:Mali
1749:Iraq
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