637:
870:
59:
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910:
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742:
1159:
422:, instead of the two originally intended. When her father returned, she acknowledged herself to be a Christian. Dragged before the prefect of the province, Martinianus, who had her cruelly tortured, Barbara held true to her Christian faith. During the night, the dark prison was bathed in light and new miracles occurred. Every morning, her wounds were healed. Torches that were to be used to burn her went out as soon as they came near her. Finally, she was condemned to death by
801:
2894:
3197:
387:
1318:
3209:
664:, armourers, military engineers, gunsmiths, and anyone else who worked with cannon and explosives. Following the widespread adoption of gunpowder in mining in the 1600s, she was adopted as the patron of miners, tunnellers, and other underground workers. As the geology and mine engineering developed in association with mining, she became patron of these professions.
362:, miners and others who work with explosives because of her legend's association with lightning. She is also the patron saint of mathematicians. A 15th-century French version of her story credits her with thirteen miracles, many of which reflect the security she offered that her devotees would not die before getting to make confession and receiving
1356:
St. Faustina wrote that St. Barbara appeared to her on 22 August 1937. "This morning, Saint
Barbara, Virgin, visited me and recommended that I offer Holy Communion for 9 days on behalf of my country and thus appease God's anger. This virgin was wearing a crown made of stars and was holding a sword in
698:
Within the tunneling industry, as a long-standing tradition, one of the first tasks for each new tunnelling project is to establish a small shrine to Santa
Barbara at the tunnel portal or at the underground junction into long tunnel headings. This is often followed with a dedication and an invocation
717:
Saint
Barbara was also the Patron saint of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps of the British Army, a church being dedicated to her, initially at Hilsea Barracks Portsmouth, and later being moved to Backdown in Surrey, when the Corps moved its training establishment there. Saint Barbara's Day, 4 December,
826:
is the custom of bringing branches into the house on
December 4 to bloom on Christmas. Saint Barbara is revered as a patron saint of miners and in extension, the geosciences in general, including the tunneling industry. This connection is particularly strong in the Catholic areas of Germany, as for
764:
1st Marine
Division, who commemorate Saint Barbara's Day with a dinner and the traditional preparation artillery punch. Saint Barbara is the patron saint of the United States Field Artillery Association. To recognize the vital roles spouses and families play in the lives of field artillery soldiers
369:
Despite the legends detailing her story, the earliest references to her supposed 3rd-century life do not appear until the 7th century, and veneration of her was common, especially in the East, from the 9th century. Because of doubts about the historicity of her legend, she was removed from the
3013:
2568:
DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE №883/2019 "...1. To assign to the 19th missile brigade of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of
Ukraine the honorary title "Saint Barbara" and further to name it – the 19th missile brigade "Saint Barbara" of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of
776:
Several mining institutions also celebrate it, such as some branches of the
Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. The West Australian Mining Club celebrate Saint Barbara's Day and use it to remember those people who have died working in the mining industry during the year.
1357:
her hand...With her white dress and her flowing hair, she was so beautiful that if I had not already known the Virgin Mary I would have thought that it was she. Now I understand that each virgin has a special beauty all her own; a distinct beauty radiates from each of them."
1446:
is based on the traditional celebrations of the Saint
Barbara Feast in Lebanon, the songs of the first act use the same musical rhyme used by the children until today during the feast, and the concept of costumes in the play is based on the local practices during the feast.
1179:
as an honorary military society of the United States Army Field
Artillery and the United States Army Air Defense Artillery. Members of both the United States Army and United States Marine Corps, along with their military and civilian supporters, are eligible for membership.
765:
and marines, the units celebrate Saint
Barbara's Day with military balls or dinners and other activities. Although they do not celebrate her saint's day, she is also the patron saint of US Navy and Marine Corps Aviation Ordnancemen. It is celebrated by the
1208:
The event takes place annually on 3, 4, 5 and 11 December, 27 May and 27 July. 4 December represents the date of the martyrdom of the saint, 27 May is the feast of the patronage of Santa Barbara during which the miracle of the stopping of the eruption of
430:, he was struck by lightning on the way home and his body was consumed by flame. Barbara was buried by a Christian, Valentinus, and her tomb became the site of miracles. This summary omits picturesque details, supplemented from Old French accounts.
1123:
on 17 December. Some Macedonians celebrate with their closest family and friends at home, while others refrain, believing that people who step in their house on Saint Barbara's day will give them either good or bad luck for the rest of the year.
1558:
1188:
In many mining communities, families follow the custom of the "Barbara branch". On December 4 cherry tree sprigs are cut and placed in a vase filled with water close to the light. After about 21 days, these branches blossom. In the
893:
In France, due to the historic link between the firefighters and the military sappers, Saint Barbara is also the patron of firefighters and has thus been celebrated by fire services throughout the country on December 4 since the
659:
Saint Barbara is venerated by Catholics who face the danger of sudden and violent death at work. She is invoked against thunder and lightning and all accidents arising from explosions of gunpowder. She became the patron saint of
1301:, she passed in a field of wheat, and the wheat grew miraculously in order to hide her footprints from the soldiers, and this is the reason of serving the traditional wheat dessert on the feast day. In the Christian village of
410:
named Dioscorus who carefully guarded her, keeping her locked up in a tower to preserve her from the outside world. After she secretly became a Christian, she rejected an offer of marriage that she received through her father.
563:. In 1969, it was removed from that calendar, because the accounts of her life and martyrdom were judged to be entirely fabulous, lacking clarity even about the place of her martyrdom. However, she is still mentioned in the
1205:, in the province of Catania, dedicated to Santa Barbara, the patron saint of the city, originally from Nicomedia, in Bithynia (current İzmit in Turkey) and martyred according to tradition in 306 by father Dioscuro.
2380:
1774:
2543:
Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, "Saint Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery": "It enjoyed the patronage of hetmans and other benefactors and acquired many valuable artifacts (including the relics of Saint
1296:
is that Saint Barbara disguised herself in numerous characters to elude the Romans who were persecuting her, and the tradition states that when the saint was escaping from the army of the pagan king in
2517:
1026:
862:, a statue of Saint Barbara is placed near the future tunnel portal during the groundbreaking ceremony of most major tunneling projects, owing to her being the patron saint of miners. In the town of
2556:
Orthodox Church in America, "Transfer of the Relics of Saint Barbara": "The hand of Saint Barbara is kept in a special shrine at Saint Michael's Monastery in Kiev, on the left side of the church."
1376:(1936). According to this drama, a popular Spanish phrase regarding this saint in the early 20th century was:"Blessed Santa Barbara, your story is written in the sky, with paper and holy water."
1991:
2271:
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of a ship or fortress. It was customary to have a statue of Saint Barbara at the magazine to protect the ship or fortress from suddenly exploding. Saint Barbara is the patron of the
1435:
2531:"Eastern Christian relics in Ukraine in the late 17th and 18th centuries", page 77, in the last paragraph: "St Barbara's relics were kept in Saint Michael's Cathedral in Kyiv."
540:. Her association with the lightning that killed her father has caused her to be invoked against lightning and fire; by association with explosions, she is also the patron of
3249:
636:
595:
906:
The Spanish military artillerymen, mining engineers and miners also venerate her as patron saint. Parades, masses, dinners and other activities are held in her honour.
3094:
1022:
941:, was founded there on her feast day in 1786, and is one of the twenty-one such churches that were operated by the Franciscan Order and collectively known as the
1349:
family of pharmaceutical drugs is believed to derive from the suggestion by an artilleryman commemorating the feast of Saint Barbara in 1864, whom the chemist
933:. On December 4, the explorer stopped at a particular place on the California coast. He chose to name the spot after the patron of that day, Saint Barbara. A
3244:
1747:
version was inspired by one from the late 15th-century Augustinian Jean de Wackerzeele, also known as Jean de Louvain (noted by Williams 1975:1758 note 17).
3254:
3005:
929:
and located approximately 100 miles northwest of Los Angeles, is named after her. The City of Santa Barbara got its name from the early Spanish navigator
953:
was one of the twenty-seven original counties of California, formed in 1850 at the time of statehood. The county's territory was later divided to create
640:
1087:
is offered to soldiers and visitors, allegedly because it resembles cannonballs. Saint Barbara is also the patron saint of the northern Greek city of
1399:
wrote the Ballad of Saint Barbara, interweaving the Legend of the Saint with the contemporary account of the huge artillery barrages that turned the
1419:, grapples with the moral dilemma of whether this Christian denomination should accept donations from her father, who is an armaments manufacturer.
2540:
1472:
The Descent of the Soul and the Archaic Katábasis and Depth Psychology, Leslie Gardner, Paul Bishop, Terence Dawson, Taylor & Francis, 2022,
1012:
579:
58:
3239:
1227:
The Feast of Saint Barbara, is celebrated amongst Middle Eastern Christians in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, and Turkey (Hatay Province).
723:
2788:
1900:
1534:"SECULAR HEROINES AND CHRISTIAN MARTYRS IN THE VENETIAN MEDITERRANEAN: ANNA ERIZZO AND ARNALDA OF ROCHAS. | Nuova Rivista Storica | EBSCOhost"
2822:
2279:
2213:
2147:
2072:
1999:
1654:
1511:
735:
617:
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2198:
American Geophysical Union publication: Medieval Saint Barbara Worship and Professional Traditions in Early Mining and Applied Earth Science
1533:
727:
726:, RAAF Armourers), Canadian (Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technicians (EOD), Canadian Ammunition Technicians, Canadian Air Force Armourers,
2196:
Pfannkuch, H.O. (15 March 2013). "Medieval Saint Barbara Worship and Professional Traditions in Early Mining and Applied Earth Sciences".
2904:
2766:
1818:
1491:
3259:
3087:
848:
708:
869:
1428:, the LAPD deploy a bomb-squad robot named Babs, after St. Barbara in her role as patron saint of artillery and explosives personnel.
1366:. The December fourth holiday is compared to the Fourth of July, as being more celebrated by the Dynamiters. She is also mentioned in
714:(also known as Whale Island) Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, the former Gunnery School of the Royal Navy, is called St. Barbara's.
319:. Accounts differ over her birthplace, while some sources place her birth in the 3rd century in Nicomedia in Asia Minor, present-day
3050:
3023:
2951:
2724:
2691:
1975:
1943:
1805:
1477:
587:
2445:
3264:
730:, Canadian Military Field Engineers, Royal Canadian Navy Weapons Engineering Technicians), and New Zealand (RNZN Gunners Branch,
180:
3045:
462:
2111:
3234:
3080:
2553:
2355:
1700:
1258:
annually on December 4, in a feast day similar to that of North American Halloween. The traditional food for the occasion is
1175:
The United States Army Field Artillery Association and the United States Army Air Defense Artillery Association maintain the
1040:
35:
3035:
2404:
1875:
2670:
2631:
451:
144:
2381:"Tisková zpráva: Na stavbě prvního úseku metra D je vyražen první kilometr tunelů a osazena poslední soška svaté Barbory"
1695:
Ulysses Annotated: Notes for James Joyce's Ulysses, D. Gifford, Robert J. Seidman, University of California Press, 2008,
1431:
Saint Barbara's story is mentioned in a live version of The Hold Steady's song "Don't Let Me Explode" from Lollapalooza.
1503:
1463:
A Cultural Encyclopedia of Lost Cities and Civilizations, ABC-CLIO, Michael Shally-Jensen, Anthony Vivian, 2022, p. 55.
1083:. Artillery camps throughout the two countries host celebrations in honor of the saint, where the traditional sweet of
831:. Some university geology departments hold annual 'Barabarafests' if not on the 4th then the closest Friday, or within
731:
336:
2332:
2246:
1213:
in 1780 is remembered, while 27 July is the feast of the arrival of the relics that were brought to Paternò in 1576.
418:
be erected for her use near her dwelling, and during his absence, she had three windows put in it as a symbol of the
1329:
1309:, there is a shrine in a cave that the saint reportedly took refuge in. It may also be celebrated on December 17.
1143:
954:
930:
909:
761:
470:
2741:
1400:
946:
926:
836:
754:
478:
68:
2979:
Holy Great Martyr Saint Barbara: Who Was Killed by Her Own Father for Her Faith in Christ. Lives of saints, v. 5
2541:
http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CS%5CA%5CSaintMichaelsGolden6DomedMonastery.htm
3279:
3274:
2477:
2046:
1372:
284:
1966:
The Woman Sealed in the Tower—Being a View of Feminine Spirituality As Revealed by the Legend of Saint Barbara
1367:
3284:
3131:
1563:
1293:
1109:
1044:
621:
300:
129:
2684:
Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries
2301:
3269:
1170:
1162:
1080:
840:
789:
599:
371:
268:
2579:
2529:
https://www.academia.edu/44536830/Eastern_Christian_relics_in_Ukraine_in_the_late_17th_and_18th_centuries
3103:
2909:
1338:
938:
895:
537:
481:
can be traced to the 9th century, at first in the East. Since there is no mention of her in the earlier
343:
134:
879:
741:
2838:
3146:
2657:
2513:
950:
949:
was built in 1782, with the mission of defending the Second Military District in Spanish California.
832:
750:
31:
2671:
Hashwah, Hind. "How is Saint Barbara associated with a delicious dish?", Culturico, December 4, 2019
2354:
Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. (7 December 2018).
1158:
788:
she is venerated in the annual St. Barbara's Day parade. In New Zealand the Moawhango Tunnel on the
447:
286–305); the year was given as 267 in the French version edited by Father Harry F. Williams of the
3171:
2859:
Albert, Sidney P. (May 1968). ""In More Ways than One": "Major Barbara"'s Debt to Gilbert Murray".
2784:
2632:"The Legend of Saint Barbara: Patron Saint of Miners", International Society of Explosive Engineers
1907:
1412:
887:
757:
where she appears on the corps insignia, half dressed, holding a harp, sitting on a field cannon.
646:
625:
591:
552:
495:
489:
2076:
3201:
2876:
1247:
1061:
844:
766:
610:
427:
375:
308:
159:
139:
3063:
2643:
2170:
699:
to Santa Barbara for protection of all who work on the project during the construction period.
598:
transferred a small part of St. Barbara's relics to St. Andrew Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral in
3151:
3136:
3019:
2999:
2982:
2966:
2947:
2930:
2818:
2720:
2687:
2209:
2153:
2143:
1971:
1939:
1826:
1801:
1696:
1650:
1614:
Medieval historian Norman F. Cantor referred to Barbara in passing as "entirely mythical', in
1507:
1473:
1353:
encountered at a local tavern whilst celebrating his recent discovery of the parent compound.
1051:
564:
556:
359:
252:
1719:(1939:148–78) publishes a 13th- or 14th-century poem in octasyllabic couplets; Wilhelm Weyh,
331:. There is no reference to her in the authentic early Christian writings nor in the original
2868:
2201:
1499:
1439:
1396:
1390:
1350:
212:
3176:
2554:
https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2012/07/11/149025-transfer-of-the-relics-of-saint-barbara
2182:
1362:
1334:
1255:
1105:
813:
719:
606:
363:
292:
276:
190:
100:
2716:
2709:
2060:
1850:
960:
Other Spanish and Portuguese settlements named Santa Barbara were established in Brazil,
2565:
2393:
2139:
People, politics and power stations: electric power generation in New Zealand 1880–1998
1686:
Signs and Symbols in Christian Art, Oxford University Press, G. Ferguson, 1959, p. 107.
1416:
1222:
934:
859:
809:
688:
575:
560:
507:
80:
670:
551:
Her feast, 4 December, was introduced in Rome in the 12th century and included in the
3228:
3213:
3156:
2994:
2898:
1964:
1407:
1088:
863:
770:
502:
435:
399:
204:
96:
2944:
Saint Barbara: The Truth, Tales, Tidbits, and Trivia of Santa Barbara's Patron Saint
1142:
Many churches in Russia are dedicated in her name, including one in Moscow, next to
3161:
3126:
2814:
1132:
722:, RAF Armourers, Royal Engineers), Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Armourers, Australian (
692:
661:
514:
423:
419:
355:
347:
223:
800:
342:
Saint Barbara is often portrayed with miniature chains and a tower. As one of the
760:
Saint Barbara is recognized as the patron saint of the field artillerymen of the
3181:
3166:
2927:
Sancta Barbara, Patron Saint of Miners: An Account Drawn from Popular Traditions
2456:
2328:
1879:
1346:
1273:
1084:
988:
977:
482:
395:
386:
149:
3196:
1317:
1424:
1381:
1210:
1202:
1190:
1076:
992:
984:
922:
866:, a former silver mining center, the Cathedral is dedicated to Saint Barbara.
781:
228:
63:
St. Barbara with her attribute – three-windowed tower, central panel of
2986:
2970:
2157:
2021:
1628:
1577:
3072:
2934:
2620:
1559:"Epilogue: Beyond Binaries: A Reflection on the (Trans) Gender(s) of Saints"
1306:
1147:
1136:
973:
914:
541:
530:
403:
332:
323:; others place her birthplace in Heliopolis of Roman Phoenicia, present-day
240:
208:
200:
104:
3040:
17:
2250:
2137:
3141:
3116:
2600:
2230:"International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences, page 38"
969:
965:
448:
440:
415:
414:
Before departing on a journey, Barbara's father commanded that a private
407:
351:
248:
236:
108:
3055:
2880:
2421:
2229:
2205:
2142:. Wellington, NZ: Electricity Corporation of New Zealand. p. 232.
1298:
1281:
1260:
1235:
1128:
1067:
1008:
828:
526:
522:
518:
517:, differ on the location of her martyrdom, which is variously given as
328:
324:
256:
244:
586:, where they were kept until the 1930s, when they were transferred to
2998:
2200:. History of Geophysics. American Geophysical Union. pp. 39–48.
1490:
Livingstone, E. A. LivingstoneE A. (2006), Livingstone, E. A. (ed.),
1443:
1289:
1285:
1269:
1251:
1243:
1098:
996:
805:
792:
was built by Italian tunnellers and commissioned on 4 December 1979.
785:
571:
567:, which, in addition, lists another ten martyr saints named Barbara.
545:
320:
316:
216:
84:
72:
2872:
477:
The name of Saint Barbara was known in Rome in the 7th century; her
2897: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2446:
Information on Saint Barbara as patron of Santa Barbara, California
769:
Artillery Battery with a nighttime fire mission featuring multiple
118:
Late-third century to early-fourth century (executed by her father)
2514:
https://www.academia.edu/27429624/False_Kyiv_relics_of_St_Barbara_
1712:
Alexander Joseph Denomy, "An old French life of Saint Barbara",
1328:
1316:
1302:
1277:
1265:
1239:
1157:
961:
908:
868:
852:
799:
740:
635:
461:
439:, her martyrdom took place on 4 December "in the reign of emperor
385:
312:
232:
196:
170:
45:
2410:
carving by Jozef Markowski, late 19th century. (Internet Archive)
426:. Her father himself carried out the death sentence; however, as
1616:
In the Wake of the Plague: The Black Death and the World It Made
1036:
583:
3076:
2811:
Divine Mercy in My Soul: Diary of Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska
1075:
In Greece, the day is celebrated by the Artillery Corps of the
2097:
1578:
Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Barbara." The Catholic Encyclopedia
1504:
10.1093/acref/9780198614425.001.0001/acref-9780198614425-e-533
555:. In 1729, that date was assigned to the celebration of Saint
2478:"Ventura County: Historical Landmarks and Points of Interest"
1385:
filmed in colour for TV in the US was the 1973 production of
1193:, the Barbara sprigs were regarded as a symbol of Christmas.
2022:"London: Crossrail workers seek protection of Saint Barbara"
559:, reducing that of Saint Barbara to a commemoration in his
3009:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2483:. County of Ventura, General Services Agency. p. xiii
1201:
The feast of Santa Barbara is the main religious feast of
1139:
and lit candles and flower garlands are used as tribute.
2644:"THE FEAST OF SANTA BARBARA IN PATERNO'. – English NEWS"
1775:"As workers toil underground, Saint Barbara keeps watch"
1605:.2 (16 April 1975:156–185), with extensive bibliography.
1118:
378:, though not from the Catholic Church's list of saints.
346:, Barbara is a popular saint, perhaps best known as the
1598:
Harry F. Williams, "Old French Lives of Saint Barbara"
3036:
St Barbara statue – St Peter's Square Colonnade Saints
1667:
1665:
1663:
1065:
1055:
251:
makers; mathematicians; miners; tunnelers; lightning;
2981:. St Marys, N.S.W.: Holy Dormition Sisterhood. 2004.
1936:
Artillery : an illustrated history of its impact
1496:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
1360:
Saint Barbara is mentioned in Thomas Pynchon's novel
2813:(3rd revised ed.). Stockbridge, Massachusetts:
2566:
https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/8832019-30901
2171:
Where the tradition of the 'Barbarazweig' comes from
1760:. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown and Company.
1092:
222:
189:
158:
122:
114:
90:
79:
43:
2767:"Saint Barbara: A celebration for Arab Christians"
2708:
1963:
30:"St Barbara" redirects here. For the company, see
2621:Church of St. Barbara in Varvarka Street (Moscow)
1600:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
166:4 December (Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church)
2682:Gervers, Michael; Bikhazi, Ramzi Jibran (1990).
1415:in which the title character, an officer in the
1113:
3015:The Old Norse-Icelandic Legend of Saint Barbara
2740:Wilhelmina and George Baramki (February 2007).
2420:Sapeurs-pompiers de France. (4 December 2020).
1634:Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907
1580:Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907
1023:Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
890:honours Saint Barbara in Saint Kinga's chapel.
1723:(Schweinfurt, 1912), concludes that the first
1011:, alleged relics of Saint Barbara are kept in
590:in the same city. In November 2012, Patriarch
513:Various versions, which include two surviving
3088:
2946:. Santa Barbara, California: Kieran Pub. Co.
2686:. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
2580:"Saint Barbara's Day in Georgia, December 17"
2112:"50 Year Reunion of Codelfa-Cogefar (NZ) Ltd"
1101:, is prepared and consumed on her feast day.
1047:received the honorary title "Saint Barbara".
1030:
1016:
999:, the deity of fire, lightning, and thunder.
676:
668:
616:In 2022, Barbara was officially added to the
596:Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kiev Patriarchate
8:
873:
821:
682:
2356:"Barbarafeier am 07.12.18 im Schlosskeller"
1060:on December 17 (which is December 4 in the
493:
3250:Christian martyrs executed by decapitation
3095:
3081:
3073:
2965:. Santa Barbara, California: Old Mission.
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
485:, her historicity is considered doubtful.
40:
1957:
1955:
1929:
1927:
1845:
1843:
1768:
1766:
1108:Saint Barbara's day is celebrated by the
753:venerates her as the patron saint of the
3064:"Here Beginneth the Life of St. Barbara"
3046:Catholic Forum profile for Saint Barbara
1341:as the Madonna of Ears and Saint Barbara
1097:, which resembles a more liquid form of
1015:. A church of the Great Martyr Barbara (
3041:Katarina Sweda – St. Barbara Sculptures
2809:Kowalska, Saint Maria Faustina (2022).
2272:"Barbarafest 2018 – Maskenball Venedig"
1992:"Santa Barbara watches over tunnellers"
1456:
1292:can be added. The general belief among
1054:, Saint Barbara's Day is celebrated as
1003:Eastern Europe, Eastern Orthodox Church
176:25 Meskerem (Ethiopian orthodox church)
2516:False Kyiv relics of "St. Barbara" by
2467:1850 California Stats., Chap. 15, § 4.
2056:
2054:
1878:. Saint Barbara Parish. Archived from
1434:The original play "Hala and the King"
724:Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery
500:(xii.64) and in later versions of the
27:3rd-century Christian saint and martyr
2183:"The Ecumenical Sacred Lexicon (ÖHL)"
1682:
1680:
1642:
1640:
736:Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps
7:
2913:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2791:from the original on 7 November 2007
2601:"Cyprus Army notes on Saint Barbara"
2061:"The Legend of Saint Barbara", USFAA
1072:, bread baked with a bean stuffing.
1013:St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery
878:, Saint Barbara parade of miners in
618:Episcopal Church liturgical calendar
580:St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery
289:Великомученица Варва́ра Илиопольская
3245:Ante-Nicene Christian female saints
3066:from the Caxton translation of the
2394:St. Barbara´s Cathedral, Kutná Hora
1819:"General Convention Virtual Binder"
1064:). The traditional festive food is
902:Spain, Portugal and former colonies
574:of Saint Barbara were brought from
296:
3255:People whose existence is disputed
2903:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
2658:"Festa di Santa Barbara a Paternò"
1131:, a cave shrine to Saint Barbara (
745:Badge of the Irish Artillery Corps
25:
1800:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001
1649:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001
1389:, filmed entirely on location in
738:, RNZAF Armourers) armed forces.
675:, the corresponding Italian word
620:with a feast day she shares with
3207:
3195:
3017:, (Kirsten Wolf, ed.) PIMS, 2000
2892:
2817:. pp. 452, paragraph 1251.
2742:"Winter Traditions in Palestine"
1938:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc.
1773:Shaver, Katherine (2018-12-27).
849:Technische Universität Darmstadt
784:, Australia, as patron saint of
181:Episcopal Church (United States)
57:
2942:Graffy de Garcia, Erin (1999).
2335:from the original on 2018-12-01
444:
2582:. Messenger.com.ge. 2007-09-28
1743:(1959)5–41, suggests that the
1532:Robuschi, Luigi (2022-09-01).
1422:In "Time Bomb", an episode of
1387:Santa Bárbara, Virgen y Mártir
1135:) is located on the slopes of
925:, now occupied by the city of
847:or applied geosciences of the
718:is celebrated by the British (
36:Saint Barbara (disambiguation)
1:
3240:3rd-century Christian martyrs
2405:Ancient salt-works. Wieliczka
2136:Martin, John E., ed. (1998).
703:In English-speaking countries
650:
452:Community of the Resurrection
398:, Barbara was born either in
2457:A Day to Honor Saint Barbara
2360:dubistgeologie.wordpress.com
1721:Die syrische Barbara-Legende
886:In Poland, the salt mine at
536:Saint Barbara is one of the
467:The beheading of St. Barbara
2961:Haas, Capistran J. (1988).
2861:Educational Theatre Journal
2841:. cse.dmu.ac.uk. 2005-01-10
1970:. New York: Paulist Press.
1557:van Dijk, Mathilde (2021).
1498:, Oxford University Press,
1379:The first Spanish-language
1323:The Court Theatre 1904–1907
1119:
1093:
1066:
1056:
1018:Храм великомучениці Варвари
3301:
3260:Saints from Roman Anatolia
3051:Saint Barbara in Orthodoxy
2925:Drolet, Jean-Paul (1990).
2502:Hammond Atlas of the World
1901:"Saint Barbara Nomination"
1632:The Catholic Encyclopedia]
1220:
1168:
1154:The Order of Saint Barbara
921:A portion of the coast of
681:, and the obsolete French
488:Her legend is included in
471:Giulio Quaglio the Younger
337:Saint Jerome's martyrology
280:
272:
29:
3190:
3112:
3105:The Fourteen Holy Helpers
2715:. Lonely Planet. p.
2329:"Steinmann Student Union"
2026:Independent Catholic News
1401:First Battle of the Marne
1333:Painting depicting Saint
1114:
1031:
1017:
947:Presidio of Santa Barbara
927:Santa Barbara, California
588:St. Volodymyr's Cathedral
570:In the 12th century, the
406:, the daughter of a rich
288:
56:
2963:Saint Barbara, Her Story
2929:. Québec: J.-P. Drolet.
1674:(Libreria Editrice 1969)
1373:La Casa de Bernarda Alba
913:Santa Bárbara Church in
728:Royal Canadian Artillery
390:St. Barbara in her tower
173:(Coptic Orthodox Church)
3265:Saints from Roman Egypt
3132:Catherine of Alexandria
3006:Encyclopædia Britannica
1906:. USFAA. Archived from
1564:University of Cambridge
1144:Saint Basil's Cathedral
1091:, where a sweet called
1045:Ukrainian Ground Forces
937:missionary church, the
931:Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
622:Catherine of Alexandria
301:Eastern Orthodox Church
130:Eastern Orthodox Church
3202:Catholicism portal
3000:"Barbara, Saint"
2746:This Week in Palestine
2707:Carter, Terry (2004).
2276:University of Tübingen
1962:Caprio, Betsy (1982).
1342:
1326:
1177:Order of Saint Barbara
1171:Order of Saint Barbara
1166:
1163:Order of Saint Barbara
1081:Cypriot National Guard
918:
883:
874:
841:University of Freiburg
837:University of Tübingen
822:
817:
790:Tongariro Power Scheme
746:
683:
677:
669:
656:
600:Bloomingdale, Illinois
494:
474:
443:and Prefect Marcien" (
391:
372:General Roman Calendar
297:القديسة الشهيدة بربارة
65:St. Barbara Altarpiece
34:. For other uses, see
3235:Fourteen Holy Helpers
3056:Patron Saints Index:
2910:Catholic Encyclopedia
2327:fachschaft.uni-bonn.
2247:"Saint Barbara's Day"
2098:"St. Barb's festival"
2073:"St Barbara's Parade"
1934:Kinard, Jeff (2007).
1798:Martyrologium Romanum
1647:Martyrologium Romanum
1627:Kirsch, Johann Peter
1368:Federico García Lorca
1332:
1320:
1161:
939:Mission Santa Barbara
912:
872:
803:
744:
639:
538:Fourteen Holy Helpers
465:
389:
344:Fourteen Holy Helpers
135:Roman Catholic Church
2306:Universität Freiburg
1738:Analecta bollandiana
1436:هالة والملك (مسرحية)
1280:and sugar. Shredded
1041:19th Missile Brigade
951:Santa Barbara County
808:in the German mines
305:Great Martyr Barbara
32:St Barbara (company)
3172:Margaret the Virgin
2047:1st Marine Division
2002:on 24 November 2020
1672:Calendarium Romanum
1413:George Bernard Shaw
1294:Lebanese Christians
1264:, a bowl of boiled
1232:Saint Barbara's day
1184:Saint Barbara's Day
1183:
943:California missions
780:In the mining town
647:Santa Maria Formosa
626:Margaret of Antioch
553:Tridentine calendar
510:'s version of it).
496:Speculum historiale
490:Vincent of Beauvais
2646:. 9 December 2020.
2383:. 2 December 2022.
2308:. 26 November 2018
2302:"Barbarafest 2013"
2282:on 2 December 2018
2206:10.1029/HG003p0039
2118:. 12 December 2017
1758:One Hundred Saints
1756:Bulfinch, (2001).
1343:
1327:
1230:Eid il-Burbara or
1167:
1062:old style calendar
919:
884:
845:University of Bonn
818:
767:Norwich University
747:
657:
605:Her feast day for
475:
392:
360:military engineers
253:chemical engineers
140:Oriental Orthodoxy
3222:
3221:
3214:Saints portal
2824:978-1-59614-110-0
2711:Syria and Lebanon
2215:978-1-118-66539-8
2149:978-0-908912-98-8
2028:. 3 December 2013
1655:978-88-209-7210-3
1538:openurl.ebsco.com
1513:978-0-19-861442-5
1234:is celebrated in
833:Baden-Württemberg
667:The Spanish word
565:Roman Martyrology
557:Peter Chrysologus
433:According to the
394:According to the
262:
261:
123:Venerated in
94:Mid-third century
16:(Redirected from
3292:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3199:
3106:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3010:
3002:
2990:
2974:
2957:
2938:
2914:
2896:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2714:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2679:
2673:
2668:
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2654:
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2640:
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2417:
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2342:
2340:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2278:. Archived from
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2249:. Archived from
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2168:
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2126:
2124:
2123:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2075:. Archived from
2069:
2063:
2058:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1998:. Archived from
1988:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1905:
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1888:
1887:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1825:. Archived from
1815:
1809:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1770:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1734:
1728:
1714:Medieval Studies
1710:
1704:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1675:
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1658:
1644:
1635:
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1612:
1606:
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1581:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1487:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1440:Rahbani brothers
1397:G. K. Chesterton
1391:Hialeah, Florida
1351:Adolf von Baeyer
1345:The name of the
1276:seeds, raisins,
1122:
1117:
1116:
1110:Eastern Orthodox
1096:
1071:
1059:
1034:
1033:
1032:Кирилівський Гай
1025:is located near
1020:
1019:
877:
825:
686:
680:
674:
655:
652:
628:on 24 November.
499:
446:
299:), known in the
298:
290:
282:
274:
145:Aglipayan Church
61:
41:
21:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3280:Anglican saints
3275:Lebanese saints
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3194:
3186:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3032:
2993:
2977:
2960:
2954:
2941:
2924:
2921:
2919:Further reading
2902:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2873:10.2307/3204896
2858:
2857:
2853:
2844:
2842:
2839:"cse.dmu.ac.uk"
2837:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2794:
2792:
2783:
2782:
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2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2150:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2116:www.scoop.co.nz
2110:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2091:
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2066:
2059:
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1990:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1961:
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1932:
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1916:
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1910:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1883:
1876:"Saint Barbara"
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1855:Catholic Online
1849:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1830:
1823:www.vbinder.net
1817:
1816:
1812:
1796:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1779:Washington Post
1772:
1771:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1736:B. de Gaiffier
1735:
1731:
1711:
1707:
1694:
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1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1363:Against the Day
1335:Clare of Assisi
1321:Major Barbara,
1315:
1313:Cultural legacy
1256:Arab Christians
1225:
1219:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1156:
1106:North Macedonia
1027:Kyrylivskyi Hai
1005:
904:
880:Piekary Śląskie
814:Schacht Asse II
798:
755:Artillery Corps
720:Royal Artillery
705:
689:powder magazine
653:
634:
613:is 4 December.
607:Roman Catholics
460:
384:
364:extreme unction
309:early Christian
285:Church Slavonic
195:Three-windowed
154:
101:Roman Phoenicia
95:
75:
69:National Museum
52:
49:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
3298:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3285:Virgin martyrs
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
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3119:
3113:
3110:
3109:
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3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3061:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3030:External links
3028:
3027:
3026:
3011:
2997:, ed. (1911).
2995:Chisholm, Hugh
2991:
2975:
2958:
2952:
2939:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2887:
2886:
2867:(2): 123–140.
2851:
2830:
2823:
2801:
2785:"Barbiturates"
2776:
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2013:
1996:tunneltalk.com
1983:
1976:
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1636:
1629:"St. Barbara."
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1455:
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1452:
1449:
1417:Salvation Army
1314:
1311:
1223:Eid il-Burbara
1221:Main article:
1218:
1217:Eid il-Burbara
1215:
1198:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1169:Main article:
1155:
1152:
1039:. In 2019 the
1004:
1001:
955:Ventura County
935:Roman Catholic
903:
900:
896:Third Republic
860:Czech Republic
810:Schacht Konrad
797:
796:Central Europe
794:
771:M116 howitzers
707:The church at
704:
701:
687:, signify the
633:
630:
576:Constantinople
508:William Caxton
459:
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383:
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260:
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239:; architects;
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3270:Great Martyrs
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3058:Saint Barbara
3054:
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2603:. Army.gov.cy
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3137:Christopher
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2544:Barbara..."
2426:pompiers.fr
1347:barbiturate
1339:Virgin Mary
1274:pomegranate
1085:loukoumades
993:syncretized
978:Philippines
812:(left) and
473:(1721–1723)
150:Anglicanism
18:St. Barbara
3229:Categories
2845:2014-08-22
2795:2007-10-31
2752:2008-12-04
2607:2014-08-22
2586:2014-08-22
2487:January 1,
2431:4 December
2365:3 December
2339:3 December
2312:3 December
2286:3 December
2257:2018-12-01
2122:2023-10-26
2083:2018-12-04
2032:3 December
2006:4 December
1917:2007-12-25
1886:2008-03-07
1860:4 December
1833:2022-07-22
1784:2018-12-27
1701:0520253973
1543:2024-09-07
1519:2024-09-07
1451:References
1425:The Closer
1382:telenovela
1191:Westerwald
1077:Greek Army
1035:) park in
985:Afro-Cuban
976:, and the
972:, Mexico,
923:California
917:, Colombia
864:Kutná Hora
782:Kalgoorlie
751:Irish Army
649:, Venice,
458:Veneration
441:Maximianus
428:punishment
416:bath-house
400:Heliopolis
191:Attributes
97:Heliopolis
3177:Pantaleon
2987:224359179
2971:183447944
2569:Ukraine."
2158:931064862
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1657:), p. 621
1480:, p. 136.
1442:starring
1307:West Bank
1248:Palestine
1165:medallion
1148:Yaroslavl
1146:, and in
1137:Mount Ara
1120:(Varvara)
1057:Barbaroba
974:Venezuela
957:in 1873.
915:Barichara
888:Wieliczka
882:, Silesia
711:Excellent
709:HMS
632:Patronage
611:Anglicans
609:and most
542:artillery
531:Nicomedia
424:beheading
404:Nicomedia
352:armourers
333:recension
307:, was an
237:armourers
235:(Italy);
224:Patronage
217:martyrdom
209:lightning
105:Nicomedia
3142:Cyriacus
2935:20756409
2789:Archived
2333:Archived
1370:'s play
1079:and the
989:Santería
970:Honduras
966:Colombia
875:Barbórka
827:example
816:(right).
804:Barbara
521:, Rome,
506:(and in
454:(1975).
449:Anglican
249:firework
109:Bithynia
67:(1447),
3157:Eustace
3122:Barbara
3117:Acacius
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2881:3204896
2504:. 1997.
1725:legenda
1618:2002:84
1438:of the
1305:in the
1299:Baalbek
1290:almonds
1286:Walnuts
1282:Coconut
1261:Burbara
1236:Lebanon
1203:Paternò
1129:Armenia
1115:Варвара
1094:varvara
1068:lobiani
1052:Georgia
1043:of the
1009:Ukraine
983:In the
858:In the
829:Bavaria
806:shrines
594:of The
592:Filaret
578:to the
527:Baalbek
523:Antioch
519:Tuscany
374:in the
329:Lebanon
325:Baalbek
303:as the
257:Lebanon
245:firemen
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1254:among
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997:Chango
945:. The
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786:miners
624:, and
572:relics
546:mining
529:, and
402:or in
321:Turkey
317:martyr
311:Greek
293:Arabic
277:Coptic
85:martyr
81:Virgin
73:Warsaw
3182:Vitus
3167:Giles
3147:Denis
2877:JSTOR
2748:(106)
2481:(PDF)
2233:(PDF)
1911:(PDF)
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1278:anise
1266:wheat
1240:Syria
1197:Italy
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1089:Drama
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995:with
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853:Hesse
408:pagan
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213:crown
197:tower
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160:Feast
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46:Saint
3152:Elmo
3020:ISBN
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2967:OCLC
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2931:OCLC
2819:ISBN
2721:ISBN
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2489:2016
2433:2020
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2367:2018
2341:2018
2314:2018
2288:2018
2210:ISBN
2154:OCLC
2144:ISBN
2034:2013
2008:2018
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1940:ISBN
1862:2018
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1697:ISBN
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1246:and
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1037:Kyiv
749:The
732:RNZA
584:Kyiv
561:Mass
544:and
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