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784:) and ĂŽle aux Coudres (salinity below 10 PSU). The mechanisms of estuarine circulation associated with this environment make it a privileged site of primary and secondary production which shelters many fish nurseries. High environmental turbidity provides shelter against predators while larvae are maintained under optimum temperature and salinity conditions. Large variations in salinity and turbidity result in a wide variety of physicochemical conditions and planktonic communities on the river.
807:
99:
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735:, stretches from Tadoussac to Labrador, the National road is one of the best places in the world to observe marine mammals. There, the two bodies of water that mix off the coast of Tadoussac give the Maritime Estuary characteristics that distinguish it from other reaches of the St. Lawrence: nutrient-rich surface waters throughout the summer and upwellings of deep, cold water that favour the formation of
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enters the waters of the
Estuary, where the most difficult manoeuvres of the voyage begin: reefs, shoals, diagonal currents, fog and the presence of shallow channels, often narrow and winding, not to mention winter and ice and its unpredictable and fearsome storms. Throughout its history, the estuary
516:
Starting with lake Saint-Pierre, the ecological conditions of the St. Lawrence underwent a radical change. The slow and continuous advance of the great mass of fresh water gradually gives way to the regime of the upflow tide, where twice every twenty-four hours the shores undergo a short alternation
779:
The zone of contact between fresh and salt water corresponds to a region of high concentrations of suspended matter causing a zone of maximum turbidity (MTZ) of a length that can vary from 70 to 120 kilometres (43 to 75 mi), depending on the flow of the river. This zone of maximum turbidity is
388:
Among the deepest and largest estuaries in the world, the St. Lawrence maritime estuary extends nearly 250 km before it widens at Point-des-Monts into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This enclosed sea is connected to the
Atlantic Ocean by Cabot Strait and the Strait of Belle-Isle.
863:
The coastline of Pointe des Monts on the North Shore and the city of Matane, opposite, in the Gaspé Peninsula, are the points that serve as the boundary between the estuary of the St. Lawrence River upstream, and the much wider Gulf of St. Lawrence,
520:
The waters of the streams and rivers that flow into the river differ from those of the St. Lawrence in terms of temperature, chemical composition and suspended solids. The main rivers of the fluvial estuary, on the south shore, are the
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The one million square kilometre region includes the
Canadian portion of the watersheds of rivers that flow into the St. Lawrence River from east of Montreal, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence and into the Atlantic
1245:
Regional landscape units The regional landscape unit is a territory of the order of a thousand square kilometers relatively homogeneous with regard to relief, altitude, geomorphology, hydrography and vegetation
696:, melts, and marine invasions, ice movements level the Appalachian Mountains. The large layers of sediment in the territory are the legacy of tectonic movements combined whit glacial and interglacial periods.
1733:, Fiheries and Oceans Canada, government scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable management of marine resources and aquatic ecosystems, marine environment protection and safe navigation.
1426:
The estuary is home to belugas all year round. In summer, the estuary also hosts rorquals and other species of toothed whales that benefit from the abundance of krill, capelin and other small fish.
1720:
Corporation of Pilots of the Lower St. LawrenceLawrence, the expert training, precise knowledge and practical experience required of pilots are therefore indispensable for navigating this river.
661:
gradient, are such that a large amount of suspended solids is trapped and forms a muddy plug (turbidity zone). At ebb tide, the average water flow reaches 90,000 m3/s (fresh and salt water) in
579:
Extends along seven kilometres of shoreline in the St. Lawrence River's fluvial estuary, the
Grondines and Sainte-Anne-de-la-PĂ©rade swamp is one of the last, large, treed swamps on the river.
1764:
571:, the currents of the rising tide (flood) reverse the direction of the river's flow. The result is an increasingly homogeneous stirring and mixing of fresh water from different sources.
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The diversity and number of birds that frequent the area's agricultural, forest and coastal lands are impressive — more than 100 bird species have been recorded in the area.
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The pilot station of the
Corporation des pilotes du Bas-Saint-Laurent occupies the northern part of the cove, a 61-metre-long wharf that allows boarding the pilot boat.
1381:
590:, from 2008 to 2012, three plants characteristic of the St. Lawrence freshwater estuary and in a precarious situation were monitored annually: Victorin's gentian (
1690:"Identification guide for marine fishes of the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence and sampling protocols used during trawl surveys between 2004 and 2008"
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Among the deepest and largest estuaries in the world, running for about 300 km, the maritime
Estuary of the St. Lawrence extends from the mouth of
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The immense Saint
Lawrence estuary emerges on the second part of the course, a veritable anti-chamber prior to the open ocean and the Atlantic.
53:
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Monitoring was carried out between Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures and ĂŽle aux Grues, at 10 sites where at least one of these taxa was present.
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The expert training, precise knowledge and practical experience required of pilots are therefore indispensable for navigating this river.
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The river, which the
Amerindians had called "the walking way," was the only communication and transportation route for the pioneers.
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Interest in working at sea, Excellent spatial perception, Ability to work in crisis situations and under unforeseen circumstances,
1602:"Retention of White Perch and Striped Bass Larvae: Biological-Physical Interactions in Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Turbidity Maximum"
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Important source of information on the status of marine resources harvested in the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence.
1153:(in French). Organisme de concertation pour l’eau des bassins versants de la rivière Nicolet (Copernic). pp. 14 of 75.
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Running for about 195 km, the middle estuary of the St. Lawrence extends, according to the authors, from the eastern tip of
885:
1817:
1688:
C. Nozères; D. Archambault; P.-M. Chouinard; J. Gauthier; R. Miller; E. Parent; P. Schwab; L. Savard; J.-D. Dutil (2010).
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1337:Île d'Orléans is located in the upper estuary of the St. Lawrence River, three miles downstream from the city of Quebec
478:
experts in navigating specific sectors of the River ensure the safe efficient passage of the vessels under their care.
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1235:(in French). Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks - Forest Inventories Directorate. 7 July 2021. pp. 7 of 16
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The middle estuary is mainly characterized by the mixing of freshwater-influenced waters with salt water and high
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1561:"Critical periods and growth-dependent survival of larvae of an estuarine fish, the rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax"
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The effect of the tides is faintly perceptible in Lake Saint-Pierre, the last freshwater basin before the estuary
1454:
The beluga whale frequents different habitats depending on the season and progression of ice breakup and freeze.
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1359:(in French). Regional Consultation Table (TCR) of the South of the Middle Estuary. 2019-01-17. pp. 3 of 11
999:
1757:, Nouvelles des sciences, Institut Maurice Lamontagne, Centre de recherche en science de la mer, 10 pages (Fr)
1739:
Table de concertation régionale du sud de l’estuaire moyen du fleuve Saint-Laurent, groupes de travail :
791:), but many other species are present. An identification guide for marine fishes of the estuary and northern
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427:
257:
494:
Running for about 160 km, the fluvial estuary or estuarine section of the river extends from the outlet of
1695:(in English and French). Regional Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute
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739:. Those organisms rise towards the surface near the shore, providing vast food stores for whales as large
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The abundance of food in the Marine Park's ecosystems attracts many species of birds, whales and seals.
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Betula papyrifera
Marshall. — Bouleau à papier. — Bouleau blanc, Bouleau à canot. — (Canoë birch).
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The waters retain their distinctiveness over a relatively long course before mixing. Those in the
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638:. This estuary section widens rapidly from a few kilometres to 10 km, then to 20 km upstream of
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keep their properties up to 25 km downstream from the mouth of the Saint-Maurice. Downstream of
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events have shaped the landscape of the territory on the south shore of the middle estuary.
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The width of the Lower
Estuary varies from 24 km to Tadoussac 50 km to Pointe-des-Monts
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canoe provided these hunting peoples with the mobility essential to this way of life.
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The estuarine section is the portion of the river under the power of freshwater tides
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In Canada, the most popular bark for canoe construction has come from the paper birch
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The average depth of the main channel varies from 13 to 40 m, with pools of 21 m in
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Study several geomorphological events have shaped the landscape of the territory
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1148:"Portrait and diagnosis of the Orphan Basin Zone of southern Lake Saint-Pierre"
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After crossing the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the itinerary of the first Europeans:
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Grandes Eaux, pilot vessels at their homeport, Anse aux Basques, Les Escoumins
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1268:(in French). La Société Provancher d'histoire naturelle du Canada. p. 10
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1601:
1649:"Trophic coupling across the St. Lawrence River estuarine transition zone"
1327:(in English and French). Cahiers de géographie du Québec. pp. 2 of 19
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conditions, mainly the reversal of tidal currents and the increase in the
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Winkler, G; Dodson, Jj; Bertrand, N; Thivierge, D; Vincent, Wf (2003).
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Our team is composed of members from the Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation
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34:
Body of water at the mouth of the St. Lawrence river, in Quebec, Canada
1259:"Monitoring of 3 rare plants from the St. Lawrence freshwater estuary"
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1522:"Observations in the turbidity maximum of the St. Lawrence Estuary"
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377:. The waters coming from the north shore of the St. Lawrence and
1767:, at the meeting with the Quebec fishing industry in Montreal,
1382:"Network of observation sites along the Whale Route (Route 138)"
502:; the portion of the river under the power of freshwater tides.
886:"A river, estuaries, a gulf, the great hydrographic divisions"
841:
839:
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stretches from west to east for 655 km, from the outlet of
895:(in French). Atlas environnemental du Saint-Laurent. 1991
1467:"Saguenay–St Lawrence Marine Park Management Plan 2010"
1071:(in French). Commission de Toponymie Quebec. 1968-12-05
977:(in French). florelaurentienne.com. pp. 150 of 925
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located between Île d'Orléans (salinity greater than 0
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Lake Saint-Pierre, lighthouse, shoreline, Pointe-du-Lac
1783:
1037:
La Fédération des sociétés d'histoire du Québec, 2000
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Among the deepest and largest estuaries in the world
711:, Maritime estuary of St. Lawrence River, Tadoussac
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1292:"A four part course between Quebec and Saint Malo"
1198:"The Grondines and Sainte-Anne-de-la-PĂ©rade Swamp"
1059:
1057:
450:or St. Lawrence River is not easily domesticated.
1784:"Corporation of Pilots of the Lower St. Lawrence"
1520:Silverberg, Norman; Sundby, Bjørn (1979-04-01).
1226:"Ecological classification of Quebec territory"
105:
80:
921:(in English and French). Canadian Encyclopedia
1126:Sustainable development, Environment and Park
853:(in French). Government of Quebec. 1968-12-05
8:
971:"The birch bark canoe, an exceptional reign"
688:explain the nature and configuration of the
594:ssp. victorinii), Victorin's water-hemlock (
1600:North, E. W.; Houde, E. D. (October 2001).
723:to Pointe-des-Monts where the Gulf begins.
560:rivers and several secondary watercourses.
1492:"The Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence"
350:to Pointe-des-Monts, where it becomes the
1727:, Fiheries and Oceans Canada, 2024, p. 66
1664:
1576:
1444:. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2010-03-21
598:var. victorinii) and Parker's Buckwheat (
365:The estuary is divided into 3 parts: the
1775:
1039:(in French). Histoire Québec. p. 6
835:
1030:"Navigation on the St. Lawrence River"
692:. Ice and interglacial periods led to
36:
1755:1998 -Année internationale des océans
1725:St. Lawrence River and Saguenay Fiord
1094:"Marine Pilot, main tasks and duties"
787:An emblematic species is the beluga (
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7:
919:"Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Watershed"
430:was largely based on birch, and the
366:
1350:"A coastal landscape with history!"
684:responsible for the genesis of the
370:
1723:Canadian Tide and Current Tables,
1526:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1498:. Government of Canada. 2023-08-01
1469:. Government of Canada. 2020-12-09
1410:"Whales of the St. Lawrence river"
25:
1745:Qualité de l’eau et contamination
1397:Whale-watching sites for everyone
1146:Manon Couture (21 October 2010).
945:"Amerindian Museum of Mashteuiat"
754:, an enclosed sea leading to the
750:This section is connected to the
731:Along the shore, the Whale Route
709:Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park
1765:Minister of Fisheries and Oceans
1169:"St. Lawrence Estuarine Section"
817:
805:
620:Saint-Laurent-de-l'Île-d'Orléans
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97:
79:
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52:
1318:"The toponymy of Île d'Orléans"
1653:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1565:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1559:Sirois, P; Dodson, Jj (2000).
1290:Kate Jennings (19 July 2008).
265: • coordinates
194: • coordinates
1:
1741:Érosion et submersion côtière
1167:Frère Marie-Victorin (1935).
969:Frère Marie-Victorin (1935).
158:Physical characteristics
1731:Maurice Lamontagne Institute
1496:Fischeries and Oceans Canada
1202:Nature Conservancy of Canada
1175:(in French). pp. 53, 54
673:Over the millennia, several
533:rivers, on the north shore:
304: • elevation
1751:, etc. depuis 2014 (French)
1028:Alain Franck (2000-11-02).
584:Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures
517:of emersion and immersion.
326: • location
253: • location
178: • location
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1771:Info Oceans, 4 pages (Fr)
1769:Speech September 10, 1998.
1749:Accès au fleuve et marinas
1004:Canadian Museum of History
851:Toponymy Quebec Commission
391:
26:
1000:"Bark Canoe Construction"
917:Historica Canada (2024).
893:Atlas of the St. Lawrence
747:population in the world.
616:Transat Quebec Saint-Malo
614:Passage of couriers from
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44:Estuaire du Saint-Laurent
1737:Conseil du Saint-Laurent
1387:. 2010-05-21. p. 12
1357:Conseil du Saint-Laurent
1266:Le Naturaliste canadien
1257:Hélène Gilbert (2013).
795:was completed in 2008.
642:and the archipelago of
428:First Nations in Canada
421:Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean
1006:. Government of Canada
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634:, to the mouth of the
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127:Saint Lawrence of Rome
1316:Jean Poirier (1962).
1173:florelaurentienne.com
975:florelaurentienne.com
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686:Appalachian Mountains
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565:Rivière des Outaouais
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381:come mainly from the
216:46.27139°N 72.63472°W
1818:Saint Lawrence River
793:Gulf of St. Lawrence
764:Strait of Belle-Isle
752:Gulf of St. Lawrence
653:(turbid water). The
632:Saint-Jean-Port-Joli
592:Gentianopsis virgata
507:Trois-Rivières-Ouest
398:Gulf of St. Lawrence
352:Gulf of St. Lawrence
344:St. Lawrence Estuary
332:Saint Lawrence River
308:0 m (0 ft)
242:Gulf of St. Lawrence
171:Saint Lawrence River
58:Maritime section at
40:St. Lawrence Estuary
1813:Estuaries of Canada
1233:Quebec Gouvernement
1069:Quebec Gouvernement
737:Euphausiids. -Krill
454:St. Lawrence Pilots
426:The culture of the
283: /
221:46.27139; -72.63472
212: /
18:St Lawrence estuary
1666:10.3354/meps251059
1578:10.3354/meps203233
1439:"The Beluga Whale"
1065:"Anse aux Basques"
847:"Pointe des Monts"
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682:tectonic movements
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600:Eriocaulon parkeri
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394:St. Lawrence River
113:Show map of Canada
88:Show map of Quebec
27:For homonymy, see
824:Rivers portal
812:Canada portal
496:lake Saint-Pierre
415:, Ilnu Museum in
348:Lake Saint Pierre
341:
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287:49.317°N 67.383°W
183:Lake Saint-Pierre
16:(Redirected from
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482:Fluvial estuary
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474:, St. Lawrence
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367:fluvial estuary
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606:Middle estuary
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1794:
1787:. Retrieved
1778:
1704:
1697:. Retrieved
1683:
1656:
1652:
1642:
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1605:
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1507:
1500:. Retrieved
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1486:
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1471:. Retrieved
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1446:. Retrieved
1433:
1425:
1418:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
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1389:. Retrieved
1376:
1368:
1361:. Retrieved
1356:
1344:
1336:
1329:. Retrieved
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1311:
1303:
1296:. Retrieved
1294:. Sail-World
1285:
1277:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1252:
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1237:. Retrieved
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1220:
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1205:. Retrieved
1201:
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1177:. Retrieved
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1116:
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1101:. Retrieved
1099:. 2015-07-29
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1008:. Retrieved
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949:. Retrieved
939:
930:
923:. Retrieved
912:
904:
897:. Retrieved
892:
862:
855:. Retrieved
850:
789:beluga whale
786:
778:
760:Cabot Strait
749:
745:Beluga whale
730:
714:
679:
672:
655:hydrodynamic
648:
625:
581:
578:
562:
519:
515:
509:and 60 m in
504:
493:
465:
436:
425:
417:Mashteuiatsh
387:
364:
343:
342:
43:
1571:: 233–245.
1131:27 November
864:downstream.
857:20 February
733:(Route 138)
694:glaciations
558:Montmorency
546:Sainte-Anne
535:St. Maurice
511:Quebec City
500:RCM L'Islet
472:Great Lakes
411:Birch bark
290: /
219: /
46:(in French)
1807:Categories
1612:(5): 756.
830:References
447:navigators
432:Birch bark
403:Navigation
330:below the
204:46°16′17″N
1675:0171-8630
1659:: 59–73.
1606:Estuaries
1587:0171-8630
1546:0008-4077
721:Tadoussac
663:Montmagny
651:turbidity
569:Grondines
538:Champlain
527:Chaudière
523:BĂ©cancour
443:fishermen
317:Discharge
207:72°38′5″W
123:Etymology
1789:25 April
1634:32886478
1502:25 April
1473:18 April
1448:18 April
1420:18 April
1363:16 April
1331:21 April
1298:22 April
1272:14 April
1207:18 April
1179:12 April
1103:26 April
1043:19 April
1010:21 April
981:21 April
951:21 April
925:18 April
899:11 April
799:See also
775:Habitats
762:and the
659:salinity
582:Between
542:Batiscan
379:Labrador
373:and the
148:Province
133:Location
1699:8 April
1626:1352883
1239:21 June
690:bedrock
498:to the
470:to the
439:whalers
278:67°23′W
275:49°19′N
138:Country
1673:
1632:
1624:
1585:
1544:
1416:. 2024
1391:11 May
947:. 2024
932:Ocean.
369:, the
360:Canada
356:Quebec
320:
167:Source
152:Quebec
142:Canada
1693:(PDF)
1630:S2CID
1622:JSTOR
1442:(PDF)
1385:(PDF)
1353:(PDF)
1325:Erudy
1321:(PDF)
1262:(PDF)
1229:(PDF)
1151:(PDF)
1097:(PDF)
1075:9 May
1033:(PDF)
889:(PDF)
575:Flora
466:From
413:canoe
354:, in
237:Mouth
1791:2024
1701:2024
1671:ISSN
1583:ISSN
1542:ISSN
1504:2024
1475:2024
1450:2024
1422:2024
1393:2024
1365:2024
1333:2024
1300:2024
1274:2024
1241:2024
1209:2024
1181:2024
1133:2008
1105:2024
1077:2024
1045:2024
1012:2024
983:2024
953:2024
927:2024
901:2024
859:2024
680:The
622:2000
586:and
396:and
1661:doi
1657:251
1614:doi
1573:doi
1569:203
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782:PSU
758:by
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630:or
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