672:
707:, an elder member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, and her grandchildren established the Sacred Stone Camp to protest the DAPL, which they said threatens the upper Missouri River, the only water supply for the Standing Rock Reservation. The camp was on Allard's private land and served as a center for cultural preservation and spiritual resistance to the DAPL. Protests at the pipeline site in North Dakota began in the spring of 2016 and drew indigenous people from throughout North America, as well as many other supporters. It was the largest gathering of Native Tribes in the past 100 years. A number of planned arrests occurred when people locked themselves to heavy machinery in
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Sioux Tribe. The veterans vowed to oppose the pipeline and protect the land of the
American Indians and the water of the United States. Since August 2016, the total number of protesters arrested had surpassed 700, and on February 3, 2017, 39-year-old American Indian activist Chase Iron Eyes and more than 70 peaceably assembled protesters were arrested in a police raid ordered by the Trump administration, on charges of "inciting a riot" which is considered a felony and carries up to 5 years in prison. At that time more than 9.2 million Americans had signed a petition against DAPL.
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a few isolated comments raising insubstantial concerns. The many commenters in this case pointed to serious gaps in crucial parts of the Corps’ analysis — to name a few, that the pipeline's leak-detection system was unlikely to work, that it was not designed to catch slow spills, that the operator's serious history of incidents had not been taken into account, and that the worst-case scenario used by the Corps was potentially only a fraction of what a realistic figure would be." The case will continue, but in the meantime the pipeline is fully operational.
470:, often known as Custer's Last Stand, the most storied of the many encounters between the U.S. army and mounted Plains Native Americans. It was an overwhelming Native American victory. The U.S. with its superior resources was soon able to force the Native Americans to surrender, primarily by attacking and destroying their encampments and property. The Agreement of 1877 (19 Stat. 254, enacted February 28, 1877) officially annexed Sioux land and permanently established Native American reservations. Under the Agreement of 1877 the U.S. government
481:, an area that formerly encompassed the majority of the state. It reduced it and divided it into five smaller reservations. The government was accommodating white homesteaders from the eastern United States; in addition, it intended to "break up tribal relationships" and "conform Indians to the white man's ways, peaceably if they will, or forcibly if they must". On the reduced reservations, the government allocated family units on 320-acre (1.3 km) plots for individual households.
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graves and burial artifacts. The bulldozers arrived within a day from when the tribe filed legal action. When unarmed protesters moved near the bulldozers, the guards used pepper spray and guard dogs to attack the protesters. At least six protesters were treated for dog bites, and an estimated 30 protesters were pepper-sprayed before the security guards and their dogs exited the scene in trucks.
912:, made his first visit to a Native American reservation during the annual Cannon Ball Flag Day Celebration at Standing Rock. This was one of the few visits by a sitting American President to any Native American reservation. Some reservation residents felt that their specific concerns about treaty issues and government appropriations were not addressed.
809:
said the environmental analysis by both the companies behind the pipeline and the Corps was severely lacking. “In projects of this scope, it is not difficult for an opponent to find fault with many conclusions made by an operator and relied on by the agency, but here, there is considerably more than
777:
Dakota Access agreed to temporarily halt construction in parts of North Dakota, until
September 9, to help "keep the peace." When a federal judge denied the injunction sought by the tribe on the 9th, the Department of the Interior, Department of Justice, and the Department of the Army (which oversees
503:
The farming plan failed to take into account the difficulty that Lakota farmers would have in trying to cultivate crops in the semi-arid region of South Dakota. By the end of the 1890 growing season, a time of intense heat and low rainfall, it was clear that the land was unable to produce substantial
528:
Thousands of additional U.S. Army troops were deployed to the reservation. On
December 15, 1890, Sitting Bull was arrested for failing to stop his people from practicing the Ghost Dance. During his arrest, one of Sitting Bull's men, Catch the Bear, fired at Lieutenant "Bull Head", striking his right
789:
On
February 3, 2017, the Army Corps of Engineers announced that it would close lands where protesters were camped near Lake Oahe by February 22, 2017. Over 4,000 U.S. veterans under the name Veterans Stand were camped at Standing Rock along with hundreds of protesters as well as the members of the
757:
The pipeline construction company claimed they hired the security company because the protests had not been peaceful. The Morton County
Sheriff, Kyle Kirchmeier, described the September 3, 2016, protest, saying protesters crossed onto private property and attacked security guards with "wooden posts
753:
A number of planned arrests occurred when people locked themselves to heavy machinery. On
September 3, 2016, the DAPL brought in a private security firm. The company used bulldozers to dig up part of the pipeline route that was subject to a pending injunction motion; it contained possible Native
793:
On
February 7, 2017, the Trump administration authorized the Army Corps of Engineers to proceed, ending its environmental impact assessment and the associated public comment period. The pipeline was completed by April and its first oil was delivered on May 14, 2017.
500:; the schools taught English and Christianity, as well as American cultural practices. Generally, they forbade inclusion of Native American traditional culture and language. The children were beaten if they tried to do anything related to their native culture.
785:
In
January 2017, an executive order was issued by President Donald Trump to streamline the approval to construct the pipeline, on the basis of creating more jobs. The order provoked a new wave of protests and response from leaders of the Sioux tribe.
648:, forcing Native Americans to relocate from large areas to be flooded behind the dams. These dams were for flood control and hydroelectric power generation in the region. More than 200,000 acres (810 km) on the Standing Rock Reservation and the
362:
bands of Lakota Oyate and the
Ihunktuwona and Pabaksa bands of the Dakota Oyate," as well as the Hunkpatina Dakota (Lower Yanktonai). The Ihanktonwana Dakota are the Upper Yanktonai, part of the collective of Wiciyena. The sixth-largest
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By late
September, it was reported that there were over 300 federally recognized Native American tribes and an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 pipeline resistance supporters residing in the camp, with several thousand more on weekends.
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prepare the ascension robes for the Second Coming of the Savior, the United States Army is not put in motion to prevent them. Why should not the Indians have the same privilege? If the troops remain, trouble is sure to come."
746:. They launched an international campaign called ReZpect our Water. The activists argued that the pipeline, which goes from North Dakota to Illinois, would jeopardize the water source of the reservation, the Missouri River.
781:
On the weekend of December 2, 2016, approximately 2000 United States military veterans arrived in North Dakota in support of the activists. The veterans pledged to form a human shield to protect the protesters from police.
560:
According to its constitution, Standing Rock's governing body is the elected 17-member Tribal Council, including the Tribal Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary, and 14 representatives. As of 2022, the current chairwoman is
1780:
818:
A video was aired on June 22, 2017, showing how people were treated as part of the pipeline protest in September 2016, which included evidence of Dakota Access guard dogs with bloody mouths after attacking protesters.
773:
gave the order to halt the construction of the pipeline until further environmental assessments had taken place. There was no evidence of what role President Obama himself may or may not have played in this decision.
741:
In the summer of 2016, a group of young activists from Standing Rock ran from North Dakota to Washington, D.C., to present a petition in protest of the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline, which is part of the
1571:
465:
was a series of battles and negotiations that occurred between 1876 and 1877, with the Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne warring against the United States. Among the many battles and skirmishes of the war was the
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filmed the incident, which she published in support of opposition to the pipeline. Following the publishing of her video, North Dakota Police issued an arrest warrant for Goodman under accusations of Criminal
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the Corps of Engineers) stepped in, halting construction of the pipeline around Lake Oahe, 20 miles (32 km) either side of the Lake, but not halting the project altogether.
520:, saw nothing extraordinary in the dances and ridiculed the panic that seemed to have overcome the agencies, saying: "The coming of the troops has frightened the Indians. If the
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972:(1954–2002), was a Hunkpapa Lakota photographer, poet, writer, and human rights activist in the fields of lesbian/gay rights, women's rights and Native American rights.
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496:, they were expected to farm and raise livestock. With the goal of assimilation, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, they were forced to send their children to
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The Hunkpapa who lived in Sitting Bull's camp and relatives fled to the south. They joined the Big Foot Band in Cherry Creek, South Dakota, before traveling to the
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on December 29, 1890. The 7th Cavalry, claiming they were trying to disarm the Lakota people, killed 300 people, including women and children at Wounded Knee.
859:
protested at the site, including spray painting equipment; charges of criminal trespass and criminal mischief were made against both her and her running mate
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was denied as being deemed too risky for Bismarck's water supplies. The tribe opposed the pipeline to be constructed under Lake Oahe and the Missouri River.
896:. Analysts believed the company was trying to deter further protests. The Standing Rock Nation said that the Meyers had permitted activists on their land.
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agricultural yields. As the bison had been virtually eradicated a few years earlier, the Lakota were at risk of starvation. The people turned to the
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As of 2015, poverty remains a problem for the displaced populations in the Dakotas. They have sought compensation for their towns submerged under
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Two days later Energy Transfer Partners purchased the property where protests were being staged, from David and Brenda Meyer of
457:. The United States government wanted to buy or rent the Black Hills from the Lakota people, but led by their spiritual leader
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1345:"No Man's Land: The Last Tribes of the Plains. As industry closes in, Native Americans fight for dignity and natural resources"
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asked for more troops. He claimed that spiritual leader Sitting Bull was the real leader of the movement. A former agent,
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They serve terms of four years, with elections providing for staggered replacement of members. Six members are elected
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Shortly thereafter, on September 7, 2016, after the federal court denied the tribe's request for an injunction, the
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1203:
Wallace, Anthony F. C. "Revitalization Movements: Some Theoretical Considerations for Their Comparative Study",
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side. He instantly wheeled and shot Sitting Bull, hitting him in the left side, and both men subsequently died.
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The reservation has a land area of 3,571.9 square miles (9,251.2 km), twice the size of the U.S. State of
299:
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1520:
2173:"Bernie Sanders pledges 'end of the exploitation of Native American people' in fight against Dakota pipeline"
2152:"#NoDAPL: Arrest Warrants Issued for Green Party's Stein, Baraka for Standing With Standing Rock Sioux Tribe"
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696:(DAPL) was rerouted near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation after a proposed route near the state capital
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693:
679:
617:
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533:
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471:
446:, considered by the Sioux to be sacred land, are located in the center of territory awarded to the tribe.
430:. The peoples were highly decentralized. In 1868 the lands of the Great Sioux Nation were reduced in the
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2089:"Video: Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs and Pepper Spray"
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864:
272:
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in Geneva, testifying about the United States' violation of treaties with regard to this project.
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398:. There are 15,568 enrolled members of the tribe. The largest communities on the reservation are
758:
and flag poles." He said, "Any suggestion that today's event was a peaceful protest, is false."
4099:
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2507:
2194:"Bernie Sanders on the Dakota Access Pipeline and Treaty Rights Violations by U.S. Government"
2135:
1689:
1224:
987:
975:
963:
945:
477:
In February 1890, the United States government broke another Lakota treaty by breaking up the
262:
1572:"Dakota Access Pipeline: Three Federal Agencies Side With Standing Rock Sioux, Demand Review"
1218:
3908:
3902:
3802:
2033:"Court sides with tribes in Dakota Access Pipeline case, ordering full environmental review"
882:
875:
599:
450:
3595:
4089:
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844:
743:
537:
355:
339:
64:
2236:"As Obama makes rare presidential visit to Indian reservation, past U.S. betrayals loom"
1543:"Memorandum in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction Expedited Hearing Requested"
1103:
Impacts of an Oil Spill from the Dakota Access Pipeline on the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
3992:
3977:
3967:
3924:
3842:
3807:
2271:
2093:
1860:
1839:
1760:"'Is That Not Genocide?' Pipeline Co. Bulldozing Burial Sites Prompts Emergency Motion"
957:
909:
886:
867:
820:
806:
641:
485:
435:
2385:"Dave Archambault II Defeated for Chairman of Standing Rock Sioux Tribe by Mike Faith"
1321:
1261:
4058:
3997:
3972:
3882:
3787:
3747:
2198:
1781:"'And Then the Dogs Came': Dakota Access Gets Violent, Destroys Graves, Sacred Sites"
1764:
1504:
951:
675:
493:
304:
2131:"Bill McKibben: Hillary Clinton needs to take a stand on the Dakota Access Pipeline"
1475:
832:. Goodman responded, "This is an unacceptable violation of freedom of the press..."
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2114:
993:
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905:
860:
848:
458:
439:
351:
347:
188:
184:
1409:"Why the Founder of Standing Rock Sioux Camp Can't Forget the Whitestone Massacre"
960:(1928–2001), Lakota educator and advocate of Native American language preservation
87:
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4002:
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3220:
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981:
927:
824:
505:
443:
2331:"Standing Rock Sioux Takes Pipeline Fight to UN Human Rights Council in Geneva"
1137:
492:, and their Plains Native American culture was based strongly upon buffalo and
3797:
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3667:
2863:
1036:
856:
797:
The tribe sued and in March 2020 a federal judge sided with them and ordered
179:
1685:"These Native American Youths Are Running 2,000 Miles to Protect Their Water"
1432:"Showdown over oil pipeline becomes a national movement for Native Americans"
152:
139:
128:
Standing Rock Reservation straddles the border between North and South Dakota
17:
3887:
3852:
3757:
3732:
2110:"North Dakota arrest warrant for Amy Goodman raises fears for press freedom"
1981:
1541:
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (August 4, 2016).
660:
454:
453:
and his 7th Cavalry entered the Black Hills and discovered gold, starting a
253:
1519:
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (July 27, 2016).
1958:"Bakken pipeline opposition presents petitions to U.S. Justice Department"
1731:"Dakota Pipeline Company Buys Ranch Near Sioux Protest Site, Records Show"
1500:"'World Watching' as Tribal Members Put Bodies in Path of Dakota Pipeline"
3872:
3822:
3777:
3767:
3752:
3742:
3727:
3707:
3682:
3672:
3662:
3566:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
3324:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
3144:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
2885:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
2334:
2219:
1905:
1734:
1605:"Occupying the Prairie: Tensions Rise as Tribes Move to Block a Pipeline"
1480:
1297:"Standing Rock Constitution, approved 1958, with amendments through 2008"
829:
653:
569:
423:
419:
391:
359:
287:
1926:"Moments After Judge Denies DAPL Injunction, Federal Agencies Intervene"
874:
candidate, publicly spoke out against the pipeline and in favor of the "
718:
to stop building the pipeline. In April 2016, three federal agencies --
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3772:
3712:
3687:
3657:
3647:
1910:
594:
2215:"Standing Rock Sioux takes pipeline fight to United Nations in Geneva"
426:
bands, the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe is part of what was known as the
86:
3827:
3782:
3722:
3697:
3652:
3266:
678:
man locks himself to construction equipment to stop progress of the
2003:
Athena Jones, Jeremy Diamond and Gregory Krieg (January 24, 2017).
878:." A variety of Hollywood celebrities also supported the protests.
3857:
3737:
3702:
2005:"Trump advances controversial oil pipelines with executive action"
798:
670:
551:
279:
258:
2267:"The President and First Lady's Historic Visit to Indian Country"
1019:, a tribe-operated casino on the Standing Rock Indian reservation
3929:
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3817:
3717:
3418:
3238:
3014:
2979:
2748:
2714:
2439:
2283:
1865:
1550:
In the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
1528:
In the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
489:
3599:
3357:
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2918:
2653:
2532:
2448:
2434:
1493:
1491:
682:
near the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota, Summer 2016
383:
counties in South Dakota, along their northern county lines at
2308:
2009:
1881:"Obama administration orders ND pipeline construction to stop"
1652:"Standing Rock tribe sues over Dakota Access pipeline permits"
990:, academic administrator and president of Sitting Bull College
978:, academic administrator and president of Sitting Bull College
851:
made no comments during the campaign regarding the DAPL. 2016
714:
The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe filed an injunction against the
2642:
No reservation in the state, trust lands or legal status only
1901:"Company Agrees to Halt N. Dakota Pipeline Work Until Friday"
1753:
1751:
1706:"Standing Rock Sioux sues Corps over Bakken pipeline permits"
3441:
3265:
3002:
2736:
1977:"2,000 veterans to give protesters a break at Standing Rock"
2407:"Josephine Gates Kelly fought for the rights of her people"
1449:
1447:
1160:
1158:
323:
1814:"North Dakota Oil Pipeline Battle: Who's Fighting and Why"
1051:
734:
of the pipeline. In August 2016, protests were held near
556:
Standing Rock Administrative Service building, Fort Yates
2299:"Sioux Reservation Has Mixed Feelings About Obama Visit"
1037:
Dakota Language Star Spangled Banner with Substitles.wmv
508:
ritual, which frightened the supervising agents of the
367:
in land area in the US, Standing Rock includes all of
1046:
1044:
449:
In 1874, in direct violation of the treaty, General
30:"Standing Rock" redirects here. For other uses, see
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2713:
1456:"Dakota Access Blackout Continues on ABC, NBC News"
318:
310:
298:
286:
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252:
244:
239:
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194:
178:
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51:
2061:"Court cancels shutdown of Dakota Access Pipeline"
354:in the United States, and is inhabited by ethnic "
1521:"Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief"
948:(1923–2005), scholar, anthropologist and educator
461:, they refused to sell or rent their lands. The
4075:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1856:"Remarks by President Obama at YSEALI Town Hall"
1082:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
930:(1820–1888), peace activist, trader and diplomat
540:. The 7th Cavalry caught them at a place called
46:Native American reservation in the United States
27:Native American reservation in the United States
1476:"Life in the Native American oil protest camps"
1407:Bravebull Allard, LaDonna (September 3, 2016).
1074:
1072:
1626:"Rezpect our water: Teens run for clean water"
881:On September 20, 2016, Standing Rock Chairman
3611:
3369:
3270:Map of North Dakota highlighting Sioux County
3189:
2930:
2665:
2544:
2460:
1779:Manning, Sarah Sunshine (September 4, 2016).
763:United States Environmental Protection Agency
406:(both located in Northern Standing Rock) and
8:
4070:American Indian reservations in South Dakota
4065:American Indian reservations in North Dakota
2297:Montagne, Renee; Kent, Jim (June 13, 2014).
663:, and the loss of traditional ways of life.
106:
56:
2150:Kirsten, West Savali (September 10, 2016).
1260:. Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Archived from
1223:. University of Chicago Press. p. 18.
1168:. Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. Archived from
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3604:
3596:
3442:
3376:
3362:
3354:
3196:
3182:
3174:
2937:
2923:
2915:
2672:
2658:
2650:
2551:
2537:
2529:
2467:
2453:
2445:
1835:"A Pipeline Fight and America's Dark Past"
1376:"BACKGROUND ON THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE"
885:addressed the Human Rights Council of the
472:took the Black Hills from the Sioux Nation
394:, and has a population of 8,217 as of the
48:
4110:Geography of Ziebach County, South Dakota
2355:Archambault II, David (August 24, 2016).
1461:Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR)
1220:The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s
771:Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
728:Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
235:3,571.9 sq mi (9,251.2 km)
4080:Geography of Corson County, South Dakota
3626:Political divisions of the United States
2329:Medina, Daniel A. (September 20, 2016).
2213:Medina, Daniel A. (September 20, 2016).
1729:Medina, Daniel A. (September 23, 2016).
767:United States Department of the Interior
484:Although the Lakota were historically a
4105:Geography of Sioux County, North Dakota
4085:Geography of Dewey County, South Dakota
2239:(Includes video of President's address)
1101:Faith (Jr.), Mike (February 21, 2018).
1029:
942:(1888–1976), Tribal Chairman, 1946–1951
317:
309:
285:
251:
238:
225:
167:
132:
120:
101:
81:
1975:Eversley, Melanie (December 2, 2016).
1924:Taliman, Valerie (September 9, 2016).
1758:McCauley, Lauren (September 5, 2016).
1349:MSNBC - Geography of Poverty Northwest
1498:Fulton, Deirdre (September 1, 2016).
1454:Naureckas, Jim (September 22, 2016).
1286:, 1917, Bismarck Tribune, Bismarck ND
410:(located in Southern Standing Rock).
297:
268:
243:
230:
205:
193:
177:
7:
2383:Rickert, Levi (September 28, 2017).
2171:Weigel, David (September 14, 2016).
2129:McKibben, Bill (September 7, 2016).
1833:McKibben, Bill (September 6, 2016).
1132:
1130:
872:2016 Democratic presidential primary
814:Media attention and public awareness
720:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
652:in South Dakota were flooded by the
2031:Beitsch, Rebecca (March 25, 2020).
1854:Obama, Barack (September 7, 2016).
1704:MacPherson, James (July 30, 2016).
3384:Municipalities and communities of
3204:Municipalities and communities of
2945:Municipalities and communities of
2680:Municipalities and communities of
2405:Eriksmoen, Curt (March 28, 2010).
2192:Goodman, Amy (November 29, 2016).
2087:Goodman, Amy (September 4, 2016).
1931:Indian Country Today Media Network
1879:Henry, Devin (September 9, 2016).
1786:Indian Country Today Media Network
1577:Indian Country Today Media Network
1552:(1:16-cv-1534-JEB). Archived from
966:(1933–2005), activist and essayist
25:
3546:Cheyenne River Indian Reservation
3124:Cheyenne River Indian Reservation
2357:"Taking a Stand at Standing Rock"
2108:Levin, Sam (September 12, 2016).
2059:Frazin, Rachel (August 5, 2020).
1650:Amundson, Barry (July 29, 2016).
1624:GARDNER, KAREN (August 2, 2016).
1017:Prairie Knights Casino and Resort
646:Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program
346:) lies across the border between
3552:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
3310:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
3130:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
2853:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
2560:
2476:
1683:Dunlap, Tiare (August 5, 2016).
122:
2265:Thiele, Raina (June 20, 2014).
2234:Zezima, Katie (June 13, 2014).
1812:Healy, Jack (August 26, 2016).
1603:Healy, Jack (August 23, 2016).
1430:Helm, Joe (September 7, 2016).
805:. In a 42-page decision Judge
688:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
248:8,217 (15,568 total enrollment)
39:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
3634:List of states and territories
1570:ICTMN Staff (April 28, 2016).
1282:"The Taming of the Sioux", by
1007:Cedar River National Grassland
803:environmental impact statement
732:Environmental Impact Statement
32:Standing Rock (disambiguation)
1:
640:built five large dams on the
3387:Ziebach County, South Dakota
996:(b. 1992), basketball player
924:, Tribal Chairman, 2013–2017
908:, accompanied by First Lady
716:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
572:and eight from the regional
468:Battle of the Little Bighorn
4021:List of Indian reservations
2683:Corson County, South Dakota
1530:(1:16-cv-01534-Document 1).
1056:United States Census Bureau
724:U.S. Department of Interior
375:, plus slivers of northern
373:Corson County, South Dakota
365:Native American reservation
76:Native American reservation
4131:
3207:Sioux County, North Dakota
2948:Dewey County, South Dakota
685:
650:Cheyenne River Reservation
369:Sioux County, North Dakota
336:Standing Rock Reservation
36:
29:
4115:Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
4031:International concessions
3631:
3571:
3439:
3398:
3329:
3263:
3218:
3149:
3000:
2959:
2890:
2734:
2694:
2640:
2577:
2493:
1258:"Sitting Bull: Biography"
1142:Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
954:, poet, editor and author
736:Cannon Ball, North Dakota
705:LaDonna Brave Bull Allard
133:
121:
116:(used for some occasions)
109:Wapaha kiŋ kekah'boyaŋhan
102:
82:
73:
53:Standing Rock Reservation
3935:Northern Mariana Islands
1108:(Report). Archived from
936:, Hunkpapa Lakota leader
904:In June 2014, President
843:presidential candidates
548:Governance and districts
510:Bureau of Indian Affairs
434:to the east side of the
113:" and "Lakota Flag Song"
1711:The Des Moines Register
1630:The Frederick News-Post
1207:n.s. 58(2):264-81. 1956
1205:American Anthropologist
1166:"ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE"
855:presidential candidate
634:Army Corps of Engineers
574:single-member districts
479:Great Sioux Reservation
463:Great Sioux War of 1876
343:
107:
57:
3447:
3271:
3007:
2741:
1080:"Standing Rock Agency"
916:Notable tribal members
694:Dakota Access Pipeline
683:
680:Dakota Access Pipeline
667:Dakota Access Pipeline
644:, and implemented the
557:
534:Pine Ridge Reservation
522:Seventh-Day Adventists
518:Valentine McGillycuddy
514:Agent James McLaughlin
438:and the state line of
314:$ 191.9 Million (2018)
153:45.75000°N 101.20000°W
94:Seal as of August 2016
91:
37:For the protests, see
3445:
3269:
3006:
2740:
2435:Standing Rock website
1964:. September 15, 2016.
1324:. Standing Rock Tribe
1302:. Standing Rock Tribe
1217:Brands, H.W. (2002).
1052:"U.S. Census website"
940:Josephine Gates Kelly
894:Flasher, North Dakota
686:Further information:
674:
638:Bureau of Reclamation
555:
271: • Summer (
208:South Dakota Counties
196:North Dakota Counties
90:
3584:United States portal
3342:United States portal
3162:United States portal
2903:United States portal
1913:. September 7, 2016.
1793:on December 13, 2016
1716:The Associated Press
1584:on September 4, 2016
1484:. September 2, 2016.
1388:on September 9, 2016
1115:on November 12, 2019
922:David Archambault II
628:Environmental issues
158:45.75000; -101.20000
4013:Indian reservations
3945:U.S. Virgin Islands
3577:South Dakota portal
3538:Indian reservations
3335:North Dakota portal
3302:Indian reservations
3155:South Dakota portal
3116:Indian reservations
2896:South Dakota portal
2567:Indian reservations
2483:Indian reservations
2244:The Washington Post
2178:The Washington Post
1938:on December 7, 2016
1664:on November 3, 2016
1437:The Washington Post
1284:Frank Bennett Fiske
984:(b. 1961), novelist
970:Barbara May Cameron
883:Dave Archambault II
432:Fort Laramie Treaty
149: /
3448:
3446:Ziebach County map
3272:
3008:
2845:Indian reservation
2742:
2362:The New York Times
1819:The New York Times
1657:Grand Forks Herald
1610:The New York Times
1559:on August 7, 2016.
1012:Gertrude McDermott
900:Presidential visit
730:—requested a full
709:civil disobedience
703:On April 1, 2016,
684:
632:In the 1960s, the
558:
428:Great Sioux Nation
418:Together with the
245: • Total
92:
4052:
4051:
3593:
3592:
3351:
3350:
3171:
3170:
3056:North Eagle Butte
2912:
2911:
2647:
2646:
2607:Northern Cheyenne
2526:
2525:
2284:National Archives
2136:Los Angeles Times
1866:National Archives
988:Laurel Vermillion
976:Tomi Kay Phillips
964:Vine Deloria, Jr.
946:Beatrice Medicine
442:in the west. The
332:
331:
232: • Land
117:
16:(Redirected from
4122:
3955:Outlying islands
3909:Washington, D.C.
3903:Federal district
3620:
3613:
3606:
3597:
3585:
3578:
3444:
3410:
3403:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3355:
3343:
3336:
3268:
3230:
3223:
3213:
3208:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3175:
3163:
3156:
3005:
2971:
2964:
2954:
2949:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2916:
2904:
2897:
2739:
2706:
2699:
2689:
2684:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2651:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2530:
2481:
2480:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2446:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2411:Bismarck Tribune
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2240:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1934:. Archived from
1921:
1915:
1914:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1789:. Archived from
1776:
1770:
1769:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1660:. Archived from
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1580:. Archived from
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1547:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1381:. Archived from
1380:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1351:. Archived from
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1322:"Tribal Council"
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1048:
1039:
1034:
876:water protectors
870:from Vermont, a
600:Running Antelope
498:boarding schools
451:George A. Custer
344:Íŋyaŋ Woslál Háŋ
328:
325:
276:
164:
163:
161:
160:
159:
154:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
126:
115:
112:
68:
60:
58:Íŋyaŋ Woslál Háŋ
49:
21:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4025:
4007:
3949:
3911:
3897:
3636:
3627:
3624:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3576:
3567:
3557:
3532:
3509:
3502:
3479:
3456:
3449:
3437:
3413:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3334:
3325:
3315:
3296:
3273:
3261:
3233:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3145:
3135:
3110:
3077:
3070:
3027:
3009:
3003:
2998:
2974:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2876:
2858:
2839:
2801:
2794:
2761:
2743:
2737:
2732:
2709:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2627:Turtle Mountain
2573:
2559:
2557:
2527:
2522:
2518:Turtle Mountain
2489:
2475:
2473:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2304:Morning Edition
2296:
2295:
2291:
2277:
2275:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1411:. Yes! Magazine
1406:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1358:
1356:
1355:on May 18, 2020
1343:Lee, Trymaine.
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1264:on May 25, 2012
1256:
1255:
1251:
1245:The Ghost Dance
1242:
1238:
1231:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1192:The Ghost Dance
1189:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1172:on June 6, 2017
1164:
1163:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1003:
918:
902:
845:Hillary Clinton
816:
744:Bakken pipeline
690:
669:
630:
550:
538:Chief Red Cloud
416:
322:
294:
270:
219:
215:
187:
157:
155:
151:
148:
143:
140:
138:
136:
135:
129:
114:
104:
98:
97:
96:
95:
78:
69:
62:
54:
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4128:
4126:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4039:Guantanamo Bay
4035:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:Navassa Island
3990:
3985:
3980:
3978:Johnston Atoll
3975:
3970:
3968:Howland Island
3965:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3925:American Samoa
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3843:South Carolina
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:North Carolina
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3600:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3549:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Cheyenne River
2578:
2575:
2574:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:NoDAPL Archive
2437:
2430:
2429:External links
2427:
2424:
2423:
2397:
2375:
2347:
2321:
2289:
2272:whitehouse.gov
2257:
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2100:
2094:Democracy Now!
2079:
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1995:
1967:
1949:
1916:
1892:
1871:
1861:whitehouse.gov
1846:
1840:The New Yorker
1825:
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910:Michelle Obama
901:
898:
887:United Nations
868:Bernie Sanders
821:Democracy Now!
815:
812:
807:James Boasberg
769:(DOI) and the
668:
665:
642:Missouri River
629:
626:
625:
624:
621:
614:
609:Bear Soldier (
607:
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584:
583:(Long Soldier)
549:
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486:nomadic people
436:Missouri River
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3998:Palmyra Atoll
3996:
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3973:Jarvis Island
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3883:West Virginia
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3748:Massachusetts
3746:
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3494:
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3482:
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3475:South Ziebach
3473:
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3470:North Ziebach
3468:
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3463:
3462:
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3433:
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3392:United States
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3212:United States
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3199:
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2953:United States
2950:
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2688:United States
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2622:Standing Rock
2620:
2618:
2615:
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2610:
2608:
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2603:
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2597:Lake Traverse
2595:
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2554:
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2516:
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2513:Standing Rock
2511:
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2503:Lake Traverse
2501:
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2498:Fort Berthold
2496:
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2199:Democracy Now
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2012:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1942:September 27,
1937:
1933:
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1765:Common Dreams
1761:
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1748:
1740:September 24,
1736:
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1505:Common Dreams
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1415:September 30,
1410:
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1392:September 26,
1384:
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952:Tiffany Midge
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801:to do a full
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536:to meet with
535:
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507:
501:
499:
495:
494:horse culture
491:
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263:Central (CST)
260:
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222:
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213:Corson County
211:
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174:United States
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134:Coordinates:
125:
111:
110:
89:
77:
72:
66:
59:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Standing Rock
3988:Midway Atoll
3983:Kingman Reef
3963:Baker Island
3940:Puerto Rico
3848:South Dakota
3838:Rhode Island
3833:Pennsylvania
3813:North Dakota
3551:
3528:Red Scaffold
3498:Cherry Creek
3406:
3309:
3226:
3129:
2967:
2852:
2785:Little Eagle
2702:
2621:
2571:South Dakota
2512:
2487:North Dakota
2416:November 18,
2414:. Retrieved
2410:
2400:
2388:. Retrieved
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2360:
2350:
2338:. Retrieved
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2302:
2292:
2282:– via
2276:. Retrieved
2270:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2242:
2229:
2218:
2208:
2197:
2187:
2176:
2166:
2155:
2145:
2134:
2124:
2115:The Guardian
2113:
2103:
2092:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2064:
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2036:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2008:
1998:
1988:November 18,
1986:. Retrieved
1980:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:the original
1929:
1919:
1904:
1895:
1884:
1874:
1864:– via
1859:
1849:
1838:
1828:
1817:
1807:
1797:September 6,
1795:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1784:
1774:
1763:
1738:. Retrieved
1724:
1709:
1699:
1688:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1655:
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1629:
1619:
1608:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:the original
1575:
1565:
1554:the original
1549:
1536:
1527:
1514:
1503:
1479:
1470:
1459:
1435:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1383:the original
1370:
1357:. Retrieved
1353:the original
1348:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1291:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1262:the original
1252:
1244:
1239:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1174:. Retrieved
1170:the original
1147:September 5,
1145:. Retrieved
1141:
1119:September 5,
1117:. Retrieved
1110:the original
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1059:. Retrieved
1032:
994:Kyrie Irving
934:Sitting Bull
906:Barack Obama
903:
891:
880:
861:Ajamu Baraka
849:Donald Trump
834:
817:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
760:
756:
752:
748:
740:
713:
702:
691:
658:
631:
616:Rock Creek (
604:Little Eagle
567:
563:Janet Alkire
559:
542:Wounded Knee
531:
527:
502:
483:
476:
459:Sitting Bull
448:
440:South Dakota
417:
389:
352:South Dakota
335:
333:
324:standingrock
217:Dewey County
201:Sioux County
189:South Dakota
185:North Dakota
43:
4003:Wake Island
3917:Territories
3763:Mississippi
3678:Connecticut
3518:Glad Valley
3510:communities
3457:territories
3455:Unorganized
3432:Eagle Butte
3402:County seat
3287:Cannon Ball
3222:County seat
3078:communities
3041:Green Grass
2994:Timber Lake
2988:Eagle Butte
2970:Timber Lake
2963:County seat
2802:communities
2698:County seat
2602:Lower Brule
2508:Spirit Lake
2368:October 26,
2340:October 26,
2072:December 4,
1635:December 4,
1328:January 20,
1061:December 2,
982:Susan Power
928:Eagle Woman
853:Green Party
825:Amy Goodman
823:journalist
765:(EPA), the
506:Ghost Dance
444:Black Hills
404:Cannon Ball
396:2010 census
156: /
4059:Categories
3878:Washington
3798:New Mexico
3793:New Jersey
3668:California
3247:Fort Yates
3229:Fort Yates
3066:Whitehorse
3061:Swift Bird
2872:Maple Leaf
2864:Ghost town
2825:Trail City
2757:Morristown
2728:McLaughlin
2612:Pine Ridge
2587:Crow Creek
2390:January 9,
1962:Radio Iowa
1306:October 1,
1176:October 2,
1024:References
865:US Senator
857:Jill Stein
841:Republican
837:Democratic
623:Cannonball
611:McLaughlin
581:Fort Yates
488:living in
408:McLaughlin
400:Fort Yates
385:Highway 20
240:Population
144:101°12′0″W
3888:Wisconsin
3853:Tennessee
3758:Minnesota
3733:Louisiana
3562:Footnotes
3320:Footnotes
3292:Porcupine
3252:Selfridge
3140:Footnotes
3106:Ridgeview
3091:Glencross
3086:Firesteel
2881:Footnotes
2592:Flandreau
2314:August 6,
2278:August 6,
2250:August 6,
2016:March 13,
1982:USA Today
1668:August 6,
1588:August 6,
1138:"History"
835:The 2016
661:Lake Oahe
587:Porcupine
455:gold rush
300:Area code
254:Time zone
141:45°45′0″N
4100:Sihasapa
4095:Hunkpapa
4044:Pituffik
3873:Virginia
3823:Oklahoma
3803:New York
3778:Nebraska
3768:Missouri
3753:Michigan
3743:Maryland
3728:Kentucky
3708:Illinois
3683:Delaware
3673:Colorado
3663:Arkansas
3046:La Plant
2775:Bullhead
2723:McIntosh
2705:McIntosh
2335:NBC News
2220:NBC News
2157:The Root
2066:The Hill
2044:June 19,
2038:The Hill
1906:NBC News
1886:The Hill
1735:NBC News
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