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Standing army

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97: 2099:(ruled 745–727 BC) created Assyria's first standing army. Tiglath-Pileser III disbanded militias and instead paid professional soldiers for their services. His army was composed largely of Assyrian soldiers but was supplemented with foreign mercenaries and vassal states. The standing army he created was the most sophisticated administrative and economic institution of its time, and was the engine of Assyrian economy which capitalized on warfare. 65:, and temporary armies, which are raised from the civilian population only during a war or threat of war, and disbanded once the war or threat is over. Standing armies tend to be better equipped, better trained, and better prepared for emergencies, defensive deterrence, and particularly, wars. The term dates from approximately 1600, although the phenomenon it describes is much older. 2358:, which was an unusual ratio at the time. The high price of medieval gunpowder prevented them from raising it any further. The main troops of the army were the infantry, artillery and light and heavy cavalry. The function of the heavy cavalry was to protect the light armoured infantry and artillery, while the other corps delivered sporadic, surprise assaults on the enemy. 2115:. Herodotus describes that if any of these guardsmen drops out owing to death or disease, a substitute is immediately supplied and the number again filled. Thousands of these 10,000 guardsmen composed the royal bodyguards in the palace, their insignia were golden apples or pomegranates at the butts of their spears (accordingly they are named “apple-bearers” by 2419:
composition assured predominance in the European battlefields from the 16th century to the first half of the 17th century. Although other powers adopted the tercio formation, their armies fell short of the fearsome reputation of the Spanish, whose core of professional soldiers gave them an edge that
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formed the first professional army of Persia. The composition of the army varied and developed in the course of time. The empire's great armies were, like the empire itself, very diverse. Its standing army was composed of Persians (the bravest people of empire according to Herodotus) and Medes. This
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prohibited local authorities from assembling militia without the approval of the king, to prevent such a force being used to oppress local opponents. This weakened the incentive for local officials to draw up their own fighting forces, and King Charles II subsequently assembled four regiments of
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was recorded by a Chinese observer as having 30,000 full-time professional troops, whose soldiers and commanders were paid in gold. This shows the existence of a standing army, an achievement that only a handful of Southeast Asian empires could hope to achieve. In addition to these professional
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The bulk of the infantry for warfare was still provided by urban or provincial militias, raised from an area or city to fight locally and named for their recruiting grounds. Gradually these units became more permanent, and in the 1480s, Swiss instructors were recruited and some of the 'bandes'
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infantry and cavalry, calling them his guards, at a cost of £122,000 paid out of his regular budget. This became the foundation of the permanent British Army. By 1685 it had grown to 7,500 soldiers in marching regiments, and 1,400 men permanently stationed in garrisons. The
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in 1685 provided James II with a pretext to increase the size of the force to 20,000 men, and there were 37,000 in 1688, when England played a role in the closing stage of the Franco-Dutch War. In 1689, William III expanded the army to 74,000, and then to 94,000 in 1694.
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was the first Central/Eastern European standing army. However, while the Black Army was certainly the first standing field army in that part of Europe, Hungary in fact had maintained a permanent army in the form of garrisons of border fortresses since the 1420s.
2141:, which had a standing army that trained year-round (and not only in summertime). Through the 5th century, they comprised the only professional soldiers in ancient Greece, aside from hired mercenaries. However, the Spartan army commonly consisted of 2192:, warfare was first attested during the Vedic period. However, warfare was primarily waged between various clans and kingdoms solely by the kshatriya class during times of conflict. True standing armies in India developed under the 2155:
instituted the first true professional Hellenic army, with soldiers and cavalrymen paid for their service year-round, rather than a militia of men who mostly farmed the land for subsistence and occasionally mustered for campaigns.
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Nervous at the power such a large force afforded the king whilst under his personal command, Parliament reduced the cadre to 7,000 in 1697. Scotland and Ireland had theoretically separate military establishments, but they were
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was still raging. As he realized that France needed professional reliable troops for ongoing and future conflicts, units were raised by issuing "ordonnances" to govern their length of service, composition and payment. These
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soldiers, Majapahit was strengthened by troops from subordinate countries and regional leaders. As was common in Southeast Asia, Majapahit also used a levy system, in fact, the majority of the Majapahit troops were a levy.
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when everyone was a soldier." Askia Mohammad I is said to have possessed cynical attitudes towards kingdoms that lacked professional armies like his, notably in reference to the neighboring kingdoms in the land of
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that dominated European battlefields in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. They were stationed throughout France and summoned into larger armies when needed. Provisions were also made for
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further regularised the French army by forming standing infantry regiments to replace the militia structure. The first, the Régiments de Picardie, Piémont, Navarre and Champagne, were called
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standing army, which may have been reviewed every year by the king or his representative, is called kāra in the inscriptions. At the heart of this army was its elite guard, The 10,000
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initially did not have a standing army. Instead they drafted militias from around 150 city states. While the Eastern Zhao did not initially maintain a standing army, the state of
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of 50,000 men. This professional body of soldiers proved more effective than untrained militia, and enabled him to exert control over the country. The army was disbanded by
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suspicion of a standing army is reflected in the constitutional requirement that the appointment and promotion of high-ranking military officers (like civil officers) be
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Mitchel A. Sollenberger (2015). "President and Congressional Relations: An Evolution of Military Appointments". In Colton C. Campbell & David P. Auerswald (ed.).
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comments that standing armies are a sign of modernizing society, as modern warfare requires the increased skill and discipline of regularly trained standing armies.
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commented, "I could never have believed so great a difference existed between regular troops and a militia force, if I not witnessed the scenes of this day."
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in 221 BCE, which ushered Imperial China. Under the Qin dynasty, wars were fought by trained vocational soldiers instead of relying on temporary soldiers.
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An Oration Delivered March 5, 1781, at the Request of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston, to Commemorate the Bloody Tragedy of the Fifth of March 1770,
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of the Monarchy in 1660, and the Cromwellian model was initially considered a failure due to various logistical and political problems with the force.
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Thornton, John K.. Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800 (Warfare and History) (Kindle Locations 871–872). Taylor and Francis. Kindle Edition.
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maintained a standing army, enabling them to effectively control other city states and spread their influence. Unlike the Western Zhou, the
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was expensive to maintain, but supported the authority of the empire, not only as combat troops but also as provincial police forces,
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A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions through History [3 volumes]: 300 Trades and Professions through History
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Palosfalvi, Tamas – From Nicopolis to Mohács: A History of Ottoman-Hungarian Warfare, 1389–1526, Brill (September 20, 2018), pg.32
3510: 2441: 1530: 1513: 1875: 1300: 145: 2753: 3176: 2523: 1639: 2560: 2378:, compared Askia Mohammad I's army to that of his predecessor; "he distinguished between the civilian and the army unlike 2112: 2056: 1503: 3055:
Lord Kinross (1977). Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire. New York: Morrow Quill Paperbacks, 52.
1993: 457: 3515: 2511: 2003: 1190: 992: 863: 401: 2196:, which relied on paid professional soldiers year round. The most prominent of the Mahajanapadas was the Kingdom of 2498:
in America, there was a strong distrust of a standing army not under civilian control. The U.S. Constitution in (
1467: 2570: 2292: 1577: 1085: 434: 308: 162: 2374:(1493–1528) possessed a full-time corps of 40,000 professional warriors. Al-Sa'di, the chronicler who wrote the 2534:: "An excellent assurance of domestic tranquility, but a dangerous temptation to foreign adventure." After the 2028: 1895: 1442: 1135: 953: 801: 3072:
Goodwin, Jason (1998). Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire. New York: H. Holt, 59,179–181.
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in the infantry, which greatly contributed to his victories. Every fourth soldier in the Black Army had an
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and foot soldiers raised from the non-noble classes, but those units were disbanded at the end of the
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became the first to do so in 678 BCE. The first professional army in China was established by the
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The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History: A New Theory of Chinese History
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Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel
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The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature
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The first modern standing armies on European soil during the Middle Ages were the
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argued against a large standing army, comparing it, mischievously, to a standing
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to be paid with regular wages, instead of feudal levies, was established by King
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officially reserved authority over a standing army to Parliament, not the king.
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were the first Spanish standing units composed of professional soldiers. Their
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Hikayat Majapahit - Kebangkitan dan Keruntuhan Kerajaan Terbesar di Nusantara
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The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume I
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The Oxford Handbook of the State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean
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was gradually instituted, with regularized pay. This professional force of
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Britain and her army, 1509–1970: a military, political and social survey
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Policing the Roman Empire: Soldiers, Administration, and Public Order
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Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula
3179:. Toronto, ON, Canada: Rakoczi Press. pp. 35–36. Archived from 30:"Standing Army" redirects here. For the 2010 documentary film, see 2566:
List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
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Permanent army composed of full-time career soldiers or conscripts
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An Inquiry into the Nature And Causes of the Wealth of Nations
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A Necessary Evil, A History of American Distrust of Government
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The History of England from the accession of James the Second
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pp. 14–15, printed by Thomas and John Fleet, Boston, 1781.
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who typically earned citizenship as a reward for service.
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Matthias recognized the importance and key role of early
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From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire
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From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire
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The first Christian standing army since the fall of the
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The Ancient Near East, Greece and Rome: A Brief History
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Bang, Peter Fibiger; Scheidel, Walter (2013-01-31).
2240:, auxiliary forces composed of non-citizens in the 3305:The Hispanic World in Crisis and Change, 1578–1700 2989:Warfare in Pre-British India – 1500 BCE to 1740 CE 3216:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300-1800 3016:Warfare in Pre-British India – 1500BCE to 1740CE 3421:. Georgetown University Press. pp. 29–31. 3387:Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media 3448:. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. p.  3177:"A thousand years of the Hungarian art of war" 2878:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 33–34. 2506:of the armed forces when they are raised, as 2050: 8: 3038: 3036: 2233: 2875:Elite Military Formations in War and Peace 2145:(serfs), who considerably outnumbered the 2057: 2043: 67: 2342:, established in 1462 by Hungarian king, 2326:and the king's own household troops (the 3239:Miksic, John N.; Goh, Geok Yian (2017). 2149:, as well as numerous allies of Sparta. 1021:List of military strategies and concepts 3091:Harper Encyclopedia of Military History 2588: 2586: 2582: 75: 3379:American Resistance to a Standing Army 3331:The Oxford history of the British army 2809:"ACHAEMENID DYNASTY, I/4, pp. 414-426" 2755:100 Turning Points in Military History 2599:New York, N.Y.; Simon & Schuster. 2220:, a standing professional army of the 3418:Congress and Civil-Military Relations 3307:Cambridge: Blackwell, 1992. Page 117. 3258:. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet. 2954: 2952: 2897: 2895: 2851: 2849: 49:who may be either career soldiers or 7: 2802: 2800: 2420:was hard for other states to match. 41:is a permanent, often professional, 3445:Benjamin Franklin: An American Life 2469:merged with the English force. The 3283:. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. 25: 3175:Anthony Tihamer Komjathy (1982). 2328:Maison militaire du roi de France 3320:(C.H. Firth ed. 1913), 1:136–38. 95: 3143:. New York, NY, United States: 3105:A Fekete Sereg (The Black Army) 2087:, the founder of the  2524:1787 Constitutional Convention 2296:formed the core of the French 45:. It is composed of full-time 1: 2959:Westfahl, Gary (2015-04-21). 2561:List of militaries by country 2902:Zhao, Dingxin (2015-10-16). 2758:. Rowman & Littlefield. 2752:Axelrod, Alan (2019-08-26). 3389:at George Mason University. 3254:Munoz, Paul Michel (2006). 3013:Roy, Kaushik (2015-06-03). 2986:Roy, Kaushik (2015-06-03). 2935:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. 2932:History of China's Military 2929:Sahay, R. K. (2016-05-24). 2908:. Oxford University Press. 2725:Schwartzwald, Jack (2014). 2628:First recorded in 1595–1605 2436:, when Cromwell formed his 2330:) were the only survivors. 1514:Military–industrial complex 993:Operational manoeuvre group 3532: 3359:Book 5. Chapter 1. Part 1. 2428:Prior to the influence of 29: 3442:Isaacson, Walter (2003). 3042:Christopher J. Fuhrmann, 2731:. McFarland. p. 24. 2697:. McFarland. p. 36. 2619:. ORIGIN OF STANDING ARMY 2571:List of armies by country 2424:England and Great Britain 1578:Loss-of-strength gradient 435:Combat information center 3346:(1970) pp 90–98, 110–25. 3329:David G. Chandler, ed., 3137:Clifford Rogers (2010). 2691:Howard, Michael (2002). 2476:In his influential work 1896:Military science fiction 1381:Technology and equipment 802:List of military tactics 3511:17th-century neologisms 3279:Oktorino, Nino (2020). 3145:Oxford University Press 2828:Briant, Pierre (2002). 2779:Pierre, Briant (2002). 2293:compagnies d'ordonnance 2285:in the 1430s while the 1964:Wartime sexual violence 1720:Full-spectrum dominance 1531:Supply-chain management 3241:Ancient Southeast Asia 2872:Legault, Roch (1996). 2645:Guinness World Records 2248:Post-classical history 2234: 1876:Awards and decorations 1849:Peace through strength 1824:Low-intensity conflict 1458:Conscientious objector 1331:Area of responsibility 3377:Hamner, Christopher. 2641:"First standing army" 2536:Battle of Bladensburg 2479:The Wealth of Nations 2283:Charles VII of France 468:Torpedo data computer 458:Ship gun fire-control 3355:Smith, Adam. (1776) 3243:. London: Routledge. 2814:Encyclopædia Iranica 2500:Article 1, Section 8 2366:In West Africa, the 2279:Western Roman Empire 2153:Philip II of Macedon 2131:, the city-states' ( 1994:Military occupations 1829:Military engineering 1731:Unrestricted Warfare 1588:Force multiplication 486:Military manoeuvrers 32:Standing Army (film) 3473:Benn, Carl (2002). 3383:TeachingHistory.org 3103:Pál, Földi (2015). 2471:Bill of Rights 1689 2212:Under the reign of 2093:Tiglath-Pileser III 1680:Penal military unit 1665:Rules of engagement 1341:Command and control 966:Operations research 430:Director (military) 420:Fire-control system 190:Command and control 71:Part of a series on 3516:Military sociology 3365:2007-09-27 at the 3342:Correlli Barnett, 3333:(2003), pp. 46–57. 3183:on 26 January 2011 2807:Schmitt, Rüdiger. 2508:commander-in-chief 2482:(1776), economist 2458:Monmouth Rebellion 2306:Hundred Years' War 2287:Hundred Years' War 2117:Heraclides Cumaeus 1789:Counter-insurgency 1710:Command of the sea 1655:Jewish laws on war 1630:Geneva Conventions 1166:Divide and conquer 961:Military operation 926:Tactical objective 425:Fire-control radar 402:Electronic-warfare 53:. It differs from 3490:978-1-84176-466-5 3481:Osprey Publishing 3290:978-623-00-1741-4 3089:Trevor N. Dupuy, 3026:978-1-317-58691-3 2972:978-1-61069-403-2 2942:978-93-86019-90-5 2915:978-0-19-935174-9 2885:978-0-275-94640-1 2839:978-1-57506-031-6 2790:978-1-57506-031-6 2765:978-1-4930-3746-9 2677:978-0-19-518831-8 2496:Thirteen Colonies 2434:English Civil War 2067: 2066: 1959:Horses in warfare 1906:Anti-war movement 1809:Gunboat diplomacy 1799:Disaster response 1747:Philosophy of war 1742:Principles of war 1715:Deterrence theory 1660:Right of conquest 1583:Lanchester's laws 1351:Principles of war 1041:Counter-offensive 1026:Military campaign 931:Target saturation 854:Counterinsurgency 463:Gun data computer 397:Close air support 359:Aircraft carriers 63:natural disasters 16:(Redirected from 3523: 3495: 3494: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3412: 3406: 3396: 3390: 3375: 3369: 3353: 3347: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3314: 3308: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3100: 3094: 3087: 3081: 3070: 3064: 3053: 3047: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2956: 2947: 2946: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2899: 2890: 2889: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2843: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2804: 2795: 2794: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2651: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2624: 2613: 2607: 2590: 2538:in 1814, during 2453:Militia Act 1661 2391:Majapahit Empire 2372:Askia Mohammad I 2344:Matthias Hunyadi 2239: 2059: 2052: 2045: 1814:Humanitarian aid 1752:Security dilemma 1573:Power projection 1356:Economy of force 1336:Chain of command 1051:Defence in depth 1036:Commerce raiding 859:Defeat in detail 195:Defense ministry 99: 90: 89: 80: 68: 21: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3491: 3476:The War of 1812 3472: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3397: 3393: 3376: 3372: 3367:Wayback Machine 3354: 3350: 3341: 3337: 3328: 3324: 3315: 3311: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3212:Miksic, John M. 3210: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3147:. p. 152. 3136: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3115: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3088: 3084: 3071: 3067: 3054: 3050: 3041: 3034: 3027: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3000: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2958: 2957: 2950: 2943: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2916: 2901: 2900: 2893: 2886: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2861:. Werner. 1893. 2855: 2854: 2847: 2840: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2806: 2805: 2798: 2791: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2766: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2739: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2649: 2647: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2622: 2620: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2552: 2540:the War of 1812 2494:In the British 2492: 2430:Oliver Cromwell 2426: 2406: 2393: 2376:Tarikh al-Sudan 2364: 2336: 2320:Les Vieux Corps 2275: 2255: 2250: 2210: 2186: 2162: 2125: 2108:Cyrus the Great 2089:Akkadian Empire 2085:Sargon of Akkad 2082: 2077: 2075:Ancient history 2072: 2063: 2034: 2033: 1984: 1974: 1973: 1939: 1931: 1930: 1871: 1861: 1860: 1834:Multilateralism 1819:Law enforcement 1779: 1769: 1768: 1737:Just war theory 1695: 1685: 1684: 1635:Geneva Protocol 1605: 1595: 1594: 1568: 1558: 1557: 1499: 1489: 1488: 1396: 1386: 1385: 1326: 1316: 1315: 1281: 1271: 1270: 1201:Network-centric 1121: 1111: 1110: 1018: 1008: 1007: 956: 946: 945: 894:Rapid dominance 799: 789: 788: 744:Electromagnetic 653: 643: 642: 629: 582: 530: 506: 496: 495: 491:Combat training 472: 449: 415:Combat systems: 411: 373: 369:Auxiliary ships 335: 295: 291:Military police 257: 180: 170: 169: 109: 83: 82: 81: 76: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Standing armies 15: 12: 11: 5: 3529: 3527: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3489: 3483:. p. 20. 3465: 3458: 3434: 3428:978-1626161801 3427: 3407: 3391: 3370: 3348: 3335: 3322: 3316:Lord Macaulay 3309: 3296: 3289: 3271: 3264: 3246: 3231: 3224: 3203: 3194: 3167: 3153: 3129: 3120: 3113: 3095: 3082: 3065: 3048: 3032: 3025: 3005: 2998: 2978: 2971: 2948: 2941: 2921: 2914: 2891: 2884: 2864: 2845: 2838: 2820: 2796: 2789: 2771: 2764: 2744: 2738:978-0786478064 2737: 2717: 2704:978-0786468034 2703: 2683: 2676: 2656: 2632: 2608: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2528:Elbridge Gerry 2491: 2488: 2444:following the 2438:New Model Army 2425: 2422: 2410:Spanish Empire 2405: 2402: 2395:The Majapahit 2392: 2389: 2368:Songhai Empire 2363: 2362:Songhai Empire 2360: 2335: 2332: 2274: 2271: 2263:Ottoman Empire 2254: 2253:Ottoman Empire 2251: 2249: 2246: 2209: 2206: 2185: 2182: 2161: 2158: 2129:ancient Greece 2124: 2123:Ancient Greece 2121: 2103:Ancient Persia 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2047: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1999:Military terms 1996: 1991: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1757:Tripwire force 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1606: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1575: 1569: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1511: 1506: 1500: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1397: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1327: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1282: 1279:Administrative 1277: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1206:New generation 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1181:Fleet in being 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1122: 1119:Grand strategy 1117: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1106:Scorched earth 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 983:Deep operation 980: 975: 968: 963: 957: 952: 951: 948: 947: 944: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 912: 911: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 830: 829: 824: 819: 809: 800: 795: 794: 791: 790: 787: 786: 784:Unconventional 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 732: 730:Disinformation 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 701: 700: 695: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 654: 649: 648: 645: 644: 641: 640: 635: 628: 627: 626: 625: 624: 623: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 581: 580: 579: 578: 577: 576: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 529: 528: 527: 526: 521: 516: 507: 502: 501: 498: 497: 494: 493: 488: 483: 481:Basic training 478: 471: 470: 465: 460: 455: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 410: 409: 407:Reconnaissance 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 372: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 334: 333: 328: 326:Special forces 323: 318: 317: 316: 306: 301: 294: 293: 288: 283: 281:Reconnaissance 278: 273: 268: 263: 256: 255: 246: 241: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 181: 176: 175: 172: 171: 168: 167: 166: 165: 160: 150: 149: 148: 143: 133: 132: 131: 124:Post-classical 121: 116: 110: 105: 104: 101: 100: 92: 91: 73: 72: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3528: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3492: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3469: 3466: 3461: 3459:0-684-80761-0 3455: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3438: 3435: 3430: 3424: 3420: 3419: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3399:Dawes, Thomas 3395: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3303:Lynch, John. 3300: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3272: 3267: 3265:981-4155-67-5 3261: 3257: 3250: 3247: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3225:9789971695583 3221: 3218:. NUS Press. 3217: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3182: 3178: 3171: 3168: 3156: 3154:9780195334036 3150: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3116: 3114:9786155476839 3110: 3106: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3079: 3078:0-8050-4081-1 3075: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3061:0-688-08093-6 3058: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3019:. Routledge. 3018: 3017: 3009: 3006: 3001: 2999:9781317586913 2995: 2992:. Routledge. 2991: 2990: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2868: 2865: 2860: 2859: 2852: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2748: 2745: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2721: 2718: 2706: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2687: 2684: 2679: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2660: 2657: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2605:0-684-84489-3 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2544:James Madison 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2490:United States 2489: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2417:pike and shot 2414: 2411: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397:thalassocracy 2390: 2388: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2302:franc-archers 2299: 2295: 2294: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2218:Roman emperor 2215: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194:Mahajanapadas 2191: 2190:Ancient India 2184:Ancient India 2183: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2160:Ancient China 2159: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2037: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1978: 1977: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1886:Warrior caste 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1865: 1864: 1857: 1856:Show of force 1854: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1844:Peacebuilding 1842: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1773: 1772: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1700:Air supremacy 1698: 1697: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1640:Islamic rules 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1620:Court-martial 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1562: 1561: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1519:Arms industry 1517: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1493: 1492: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1320: 1319: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1136:Broken-backed 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1115: 1114: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 978:Expeditionary 976: 974: 973: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 958: 955: 950: 949: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 910: 907: 906: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 849:Counterattack 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 813: 810: 808: 805: 804: 803: 798: 793: 792: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 774:Psychological 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 710:Combined arms 708: 706: 703: 699: 696: 694: 691: 690: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 655: 652: 647: 646: 639: 636: 634: 631: 630: 622: 619: 618: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 587: 584: 583: 575: 572: 571: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 549:Fortification 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 536: 535: 532: 531: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 511: 509: 508: 505: 500: 499: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 450: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 374: 370: 367: 365: 364:Landing craft 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 315: 312: 311: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 296: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 258: 254: 250: 249:Standing army 247: 245: 242: 240: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 182: 179: 174: 173: 164: 161: 159: 156: 155: 154: 151: 147: 144: 142: 141:pike and shot 139: 138: 137: 134: 130: 127: 126: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 111: 108: 103: 102: 98: 94: 93: 87: 79: 74: 70: 69: 66: 64: 60: 56: 55:army reserves 52: 48: 44: 40: 39:standing army 33: 19: 3475: 3468: 3444: 3437: 3417: 3410: 3402: 3394: 3373: 3356: 3351: 3343: 3338: 3330: 3325: 3317: 3312: 3304: 3299: 3280: 3274: 3255: 3249: 3240: 3234: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3185:. Retrieved 3181:the original 3170: 3158:. Retrieved 3139: 3132: 3123: 3104: 3098: 3090: 3085: 3068: 3051: 3043: 3015: 3008: 2988: 2981: 2965:. ABC-CLIO. 2961: 2931: 2924: 2904: 2874: 2867: 2857: 2829: 2823: 2812: 2780: 2774: 2754: 2747: 2727: 2720: 2708:. Retrieved 2693: 2686: 2666: 2659: 2648:. Retrieved 2644: 2635: 2627: 2621:. Retrieved 2611: 2596: 2593:Wills, Garry 2556:Regular army 2503: 2493: 2477: 2475: 2466: 2463: 2450: 2427: 2407: 2394: 2365: 2349: 2337: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2291: 2276: 2256: 2222:Roman Empire 2216:, the first 2211: 2208:Ancient Rome 2187: 2170:Eastern Zhou 2166:Western Zhou 2163: 2151: 2133: 2126: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2083: 1969:Fifth column 1949:War resister 1944:Women in war 1839:Peacekeeping 1784:Arms control 1729: 1418:Mobilization 1413:Conscription 1371:Intelligence 1324:Organization 970: 899:Encirclement 779:Radiological 715:Conventional 569:Subterranean 476:Development: 475: 452: 414: 376: 339:Naval units: 338: 331:Signal corps 298: 276:Intelligence 261:Specialties: 260: 248: 185:Organization 136:Early modern 38: 36: 2670:. OUP USA. 2446:Restoration 2324:Vieux Corps 2259:Janissaries 2226:legionaries 2178:Qin dynasty 2080:Mesopotamia 1954:War studies 1777:Non-warfare 1705:Appeasement 1670:Martial law 1509:War economy 1448:Transgender 1401:Recruitment 1161:Containment 1046:Culminating 954:Operational 874:Envelopment 817:Air assault 698:Air cavalry 658:Air defence 638:Information 539:Cold-region 504:Battlespace 453:Historical: 299:Land units: 225:Space force 220:Coast guard 153:Late modern 114:Prehistoric 3505:Categories 3479:. Oxford: 3187:11 October 2650:2021-01-07 2623:2021-04-20 2577:References 2484:Adam Smith 2442:Parliament 2370:under the 2340:Black Army 2147:Spartiates 2014:War crimes 2004:Operations 1911:Foot drill 1881:Battle cry 1794:deterrence 1453:Harassment 1428:Specialism 1251:Technology 1246:Succession 1191:Liberation 1126:Asymmetric 1061:Empty fort 972:Blitzkrieg 941:Withdrawal 904:Investment 683:Camouflage 678:Biological 616:Underwater 591:Amphibious 510:Aerospace 377:Air units: 354:Submarines 163:fourth-gen 158:industrial 146:napoleonic 51:conscripts 3160:10 August 2522:. At the 2516:confirmed 2380:Sunni Ali 2298:gendarmes 2242:provinces 2230:engineers 2202:Bimbisara 2113:Immortals 1901:War novel 1804:Grey-zone 1764:War games 1725:Overmatch 1675:War crime 1625:Desertion 1615:Ceasefire 1610:Armistice 1497:Logistics 1475:Mercenary 1463:Volunteer 1394:Personnel 1366:Engineers 1311:Sociology 1266:World war 1261:Total war 1241:Strategic 1231:Religious 1216:Political 1211:Perpetual 1186:Irregular 1101:Offensive 1076:Defensive 1071:Deception 1031:Attrition 884:Guerrilla 879:Formation 822:Airbridge 754:Loitering 668:Artillery 321:Artillery 271:Engineers 239:Irregular 210:Air force 3363:Archived 3214:(2013). 2710:21 March 2595:(1999). 2550:See also 2512:Framers' 2467:de facto 2356:arquebus 2352:firearms 2316:Henry II 2214:Augustus 1916:War song 1891:War film 1524:Materiel 1443:Children 1423:Training 1361:Medicine 1346:Doctrine 1301:Training 1236:Resource 1221:Princely 1171:Economic 1156:Conquest 1151:Colonial 1146:Cold war 1131:Blockade 1016:Strategy 988:Maneuver 749:Infantry 705:Chemical 559:Mountain 519:Airborne 382:Fighters 349:Warships 304:Infantry 230:Reserves 178:Military 47:soldiers 2518:by the 2504:command 2413:tercios 2334:Hungary 2267:Murad I 2261:of the 2236:auxilia 2198:Magadha 2097:Assyria 2070:History 2029:Writers 2024:Weapons 1989:Battles 1938:Related 1926:Wargame 1921:Uniform 1869:Culture 1650:Perfidy 1645:Justice 1566:Science 1551:Outpost 1504:History 1484:Warrior 1480:Soldier 1468:foreign 1406:counter 1306:Service 1256:Theater 1196:Limited 1176:Endemic 1091:Nuclear 864:Foxhole 839:Cavalry 827:Airdrop 812:Airlift 797:Tactics 769:Nuclear 759:Missile 688:Cavalry 673:Barrage 651:Weapons 611:Surface 392:Command 387:Bombers 344:Frogman 314:Cavalry 286:Medical 253:Militia 235:Regular 215:Marines 129:castles 119:Ancient 107:History 86:outline 3487:  3456:  3425:  3287:  3262:  3222:  3151:  3111:  3093:(1993) 3076:  3059:  3023:  2996:  2969:  2939:  2912:  2882:  2836:  2787:  2762:  2735:  2701:  2674:  2603:  2520:Senate 2510:. The 2273:France 2143:helots 2139:Sparta 2134:poleis 2009:Sieges 1693:Theory 1433:Morale 1291:Policy 1286:Branch 1066:Mosaic 1056:Fabian 1003:Covert 936:Trench 921:Screen 844:Charge 834:Battle 807:Aerial 725:Denial 693:Horses 621:Seabed 574:Tunnel 554:Jungle 544:Desert 514:Aerial 2532:penis 2404:Spain 2385:Borgu 1982:Lists 1438:Women 1376:Ranks 1296:Staff 1226:Proxy 1141:Class 1096:Naval 1081:Depth 916:Swarm 909:Siege 889:Naval 869:Drone 764:Music 739:Robot 735:Drone 720:Cyber 663:Armor 633:Cyber 606:Green 601:Brown 564:Urban 524:Space 445:Radar 440:Sonar 309:Armor 266:Staff 244:Ranks 3485:ISBN 3454:ISBN 3423:ISBN 3285:ISBN 3260:ISBN 3220:ISBN 3189:2010 3162:2013 3149:ISBN 3109:ISBN 3074:ISBN 3057:ISBN 3021:ISBN 2994:ISBN 2967:ISBN 2937:ISBN 2910:ISBN 2880:ISBN 2834:ISBN 2785:ISBN 2760:ISBN 2733:ISBN 2712:2016 2699:ISBN 2672:ISBN 2601:ISBN 2451:The 2408:The 2338:The 2164:The 2019:Wars 1536:Base 1086:Goal 998:Raid 596:Blue 534:Land 205:Navy 200:Army 59:wars 43:army 3450:456 3401:. 2188:In 2174:Jin 2127:In 2119:). 2095:of 1603:Law 1546:FOB 1541:MOB 586:Sea 78:War 61:or 3507:: 3452:. 3385:, 3381:. 3035:^ 2951:^ 2894:^ 2848:^ 2811:. 2799:^ 2643:. 2626:. 2585:^ 2526:, 2387:. 2308:. 2269:. 2204:. 1482:/ 737:/ 251:/ 237:/ 37:A 3493:. 3462:. 3431:. 3293:. 3268:. 3228:. 3191:. 3164:. 3117:. 3080:. 3063:. 3029:. 3002:. 2975:. 2945:. 2918:. 2888:. 2842:. 2817:. 2793:. 2768:. 2741:. 2714:. 2680:. 2653:. 2058:e 2051:t 2044:v 88:) 84:( 34:. 20:)

Index

Standing armies
Standing Army (film)
army
soldiers
conscripts
army reserves
wars
natural disasters
War
outline

History
Prehistoric
Ancient
Post-classical
castles
Early modern
pike and shot
napoleonic
Late modern
industrial
fourth-gen
Military
Organization
Command and control
Defense ministry
Army
Navy
Air force
Marines

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