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84:'s focus on an aesthetically based, free education. Placing these ideas in a Marxist framework, Shatskii hoped that a communist education – founded on the principles of cooperation and self-motivation – would release the child's innate potential and help him develop into a well-rounded human being. His ideal student was a child that appreciated art, culture, and music, yet also knew the value of a hard day's work: "A child of high culture with callused hands".
214:. Currently, many of Shatskii's ideas are being rehabilitated in Russia (most notably, Feliks Fradkin and Gennadii Malinin have published books and articles on Shatskii's hidden legacy - see below). Furthermore, an annual conference in Obninsk, Russia (not far from Shatskii's Kaluga-based schools of the First Experimental Station) is convened in his honor. Finally, in the west, Shatskii has been the subject of recent articles in the
197:' of 1928 removed Shatskii and other like-minded intellectuals from positions of power within the educational apparatus. Shatskii's First Experimental Station would be closed down by Soviet power in 1932 as part of the Stalinist shift to a more ideological approach to education. Shatskii himself died 30 October 1934, as rumors circulated that he was going to be sent to the
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educators and represented the largest, most radical experimental educational institution in the world. As Stalin sought to impose ideological control over the Soviet state, the First
Experimental Station was reorganized by Soviet authorities in 1932 and Shatskii was removed from his position. Shatskii died of natural causes in 1934.
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and Kaluga sections, this organization was vast, employing hundreds of teachers, incorporating village and city schools, libraries, children's clubs, reading huts, and demanding a large amount of resources from the government. This school complex would become the envy of international progressive
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into their educational approach (see
Declaration on the United Labor School in W. Rosenburg, Bolshevik Visions: First Phase of the Cultural Revolution, 1984). In 1919, he set up the First Experimental Station (Pervaia Opytnaia Stantsiia), which was a massive network of experimental institutions.
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capitalist system. The importance of his work is only recently being recognized as many of his publications were suppressed by Stalin and the Soviet educational orthodoxy that sought to ensure that all 'communist education' had a class-based element. He deserves a place in
Russian pedagogy with
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Kevin. J. Brehony
Representations of Socialist educational experiments in the 1920s and 1930s: The place of the Sciences of Education in R. Hofstetter and B. Schneuwly (Eds). Passion, fusion, tension. New Education and Educational sciences - Education nouvelle et Sciences de l'éducation (end
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The first of its kind in the
Imperial Russia, the loose arrangement of institutions in the Settlement attracted intellectuals and businessmen who shared Shatskii's view that education was a non-violent path to healing the sores of a divided tsarist society. Due to police suspicion of seditious
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in the creation of a new communist man. He also resisted indoctrinational techniques, instead preferring to demonstrate to pupils the relevance and importance of a reasoned approach to life. For
Shatskii, true communist education was the release of the individual from the strictures of the
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Most of
Shatskii's work was suppressed by Stalinist officials as the progressive approach of the Soviet Union in the 1920s was redrawn as heretical and bourgeois, but his emphasis on activity and the joy of learning could be found in later Soviet pedagogues, including
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William
Partlett. "Breaching Cultural Worlds with the Village School: Educational Visions, Local Initiative, and Rural Experience at S.T. Shatsky’s Kaluga School System, 1919-1931." Slavonic and East European Review, Vol 82, No. 4, October, 2004: 847-885.
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139:, the Settlement was closed down by police in May, 1908 (Zelenko ended up in jail for a few months). Later, Shatskii established a rural summer colony called The Invigorating Life (Бодрая жизнь, Bodraia zhizn') in rural Kaluga region (near
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William
Partlett. "The Cultural Revolution in the Village School: S. T. Shatskii’s Kaluga School Complex, 1919-1932." Journal of the Oxford University History Society. No. 3, Michaelmas 2005.
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His first major educational institution was The
Settlement (Setlment) which was established in northern Moscow in 1905. This complex of institutions drew its ideological inspiration from the
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Yordanka Valkanova, and Kevin J. Brehony "The 'Gifts' and 'Contributions'. Friedrich Froebel and Russian education from 1850 to 1920." History of Education 35(2) 2006: 189-207.
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William Partlett. "Bourgeois Ideas in Communist Construction: The Development of Stanislav Shatskii's Teacher Training Methods." History of Education 35, 2006: 453-474.
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His work as a communist educator complicates our understanding of communist education. Shatskii, unlike those who would follow him, denied the primacy of politics and
177:, developing programs for schools across Soviet Russia in his capacity as one of the leaders of the pedagogical section of the State Academic Council (
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had lived for a year, the Settlement was a complex of children's clubs and informal classes. At the center of the Settlement was the Zelenko-designed
131:. The Club was a part of a larger drive to set up a cultural and social center in remote working class district of Moscow (Miusskaya Square project).
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William Partlett. Building Soviet Citizens with American Tools: Russian Revolutions and S. T. Shatskii's Rural Schools, 1905-1932. 2011.
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53:, Shatskii imported many of the values of late tsarist educational experimentation (many of which were based on the methods of American
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Shatskii established a number of experimental and progressive educational institutions between 1905 and 1934. A member of the Russian
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Feliks Fradkin. "S. T. Shatskii’s Last Years", in School and Society in Tsarist and Soviet Russia, B. Elkof (ed.) Basingstoke, 1993.
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218:(October, 2004), the Journal of the Oxford University History Society (2005), and the History of Education (see below)
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Vladimir Beliaev. Stanovlenie i Razvitie Innovatsionnoi Kontseptsii S. T. Shatskogo. Moscow, 1999.
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127:, opened in 1907 in Moscow's blue-collar North End (Vadkovsky Lane, 5) and funded by industrialist
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238:, blending his own liberational, progressive educational ideas with Marx's materialist approach.
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143:), in which he stressed labor-based methods of education, creativity, and artistic expression.
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Feliks Fradkin and Gennadii Malinin. Vospitatel'naia Sistema S. T. Shatskogo. Moscow, 1993.
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A Teacher’s Experience: A Collection. Translated into English by Catherine Judelson. 1981.
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He sought to build a liberal, child-centered version of communist education that drew on
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19th-middle 20th century - fin 19e-milieu 20e siècle. Bern, Peter Lang: 2006. 271-304.
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D. Bershadskaia. Pedagogicheskie vzgliady i deiatel’nost S. T. Shatskogo (Moscow, 1960)
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257:Педагогические сочинения. В 4 т. Т.1 . - М. : Изд-во Акад. пед. наук РСФСР, 1962.
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286:Педагогические сочинения. В 4 т. Т.4 . - М. : Изд-во Акад. пед. наук РСФСР,1965.
278:Педагогические сочинения. В 4 т. Т.3 . - М. : Изд-во Акад. пед. наук РСФСР,1964.
265:Педагогические сочинения. В 4 т. Т.2 . - М. : Изд-во Акад. пед. наук РСФСР,1964.
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https://www.amazon.com/Building-Soviet-Citizens-American-Tools/dp/3846503622
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to early Soviet governance. Shatskii eventually joined the
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Shatskii also became an important educational leader in the
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Soviet-era experimentation: The First Experimental Station
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1907 Communal Club for working teenagers, funded by
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249:Pedagogicheskie sochineniia, 4 vols. 1962-1965.
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80:'s activity-based educational methods and
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125:Communal Club for working children
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216:Slavonic and East European Review
88:Imperial-era educational projects
269:«Система русского детского сада»
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362:Russian educational theorists
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100:, designed and managed by
228:Educational progressivism
157:educational progressivism
30:– 30 October 1934,
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242:Shatskii's major works
222:Ideological influences
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169:Educational leadership
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22:(alternativespelling:
367:Alternative education
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55:progressive education
17:Stanislav Teofilovich
295:Works about Shatskii
179:Glavny Uchyony Sovet
113:settlement movement
36:humanistic educator
34:) was an important
267:— включает в т.ч.
153:Russian Revolution
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106:Stanislav Shatskii
372:Russian humanists
357:Russian educators
205:Shatskii's legacy
121:Alexander Zelenko
102:Alexander Zelenko
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352:1934 deaths
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283:Шацкий С.Т.
275:Шацкий С.Т.
271:(С. 55-58.)
262:Шацкий С.Т.
254:Шацкий С.Т.
195:Great Break
82:Lev Tolstoi
341:Categories
232:John Dewey
117:Hull House
78:John Dewey
137:communism
71:Vygotsky
69:and Lev
28:Smolensk
24:Shatskii
236:Marxism
141:Obninsk
20:Shatsky
162:Moscow
32:Moscow
199:gulag
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