128:
431:
stannaries were: Foweymore (district of Bodmin Moor), Blackmore (district of St
Austell); Tywarnhayle (district of St Agnes and Carn Brea); and Kerrier and Penwith (district between Godolphin and Land's End). The courts were normally held every three weeks and presided over by the steward who had been appointed by the warden of the stannaries. As there are no extant records before the 16th century the court procedure is unknown; if tinners were compelled to appear before another court they could insist that half the jury be tinners.
22:
722:
329:
122:
736:
701:
replied to letters from the members of this revived parliament, saying that the Home Office could only accept elections by the stannary towns as constitutive of a valid stannary parliament. However, the stannaries were not abolished, and the Home Office has made no effort to hold these elections. The
602:
While the stannaries of
Cornwall and Devon had the most developed legal systems, a number of other mining communities had similar privileges. The customs of the community were usually confirmed by charter, with the miners having the right to seek for minerals in all areas other than tilled fields,
430:
A charter of King John had given the tin miners of
Cornwall certain legal rights which were confirmed by King Edward I in 1305. They had the rights of "bounding" (prospecting for and working tin ore deposits), of trial before their own stannary court, and of exemption from ordinary taxation. The
411:
The parliament consisted of ninety-six jurates, with twenty-four being chosen by each of the four Devon stannaries. The jurates were chosen at special courts held in each stannary by "tinners": a term broad enough to include not just miners and tin work owners, but others concerned with the tin
535:
said he could find no record of the charter having been formally amended or withdrawn but also noted academic opinion that "no doubt has ever been expressed about
Parliament's power to enact legislation for the stannaries without the need to obtain the consent of Convocation".
507:
The stannators were described in 1831 as being "some of the principal gentlemen of the mining district". On assembly the stannators elected a speaker, the meeting being termed a
Stannary Parliament. The parliaments were convened occasionally by the
442:
in 1337. This confirmed that the tin miners were exempt from all civil jurisdiction other than that of the
Stannary Courts, except in cases affecting land, life or limb. There was at this period no definition of the districts of each stannary.
1086:
690:
political activists claim to have revived the
Stannary Parliament since 1974, along with the right to veto British legislation. Indeed, it purports to have actually vetoed acts passed by the
93:, and ancient traditions exempted everyone connected with tin mining in Cornwall and Devon from any jurisdiction other than the stannary courts in all but the most exceptional circumstances.
551:, stated in a Commons written answer that "there are no valid Cornish stannary organisations in existence" and that there "are no treaties today that apply to Cornwall only".
1002:
515:
The
Cornish Stannary Parliament last assembled at Truro in 1752, and continued until 11 September 1753. In 1977, responding by letter to a written question in the
416:. The last convocation of the Devon Parliament was in 1786, but as late as the 1980s, an honorary stannator would be named whenever a new tin mine was opened.
357:
671:
there was in existence a court of mines, and the miners elected a coroner and bailiff, with the king's officers having no authority to serve writs in the area.
560:
74:
462:
provided that no new laws affecting miners should be enacted without the consent of 24 stannators, six being chosen from each of the four stannaries:
458:
1,000, to support his war on
Scotland. In addition to restoring the stannaries and pardoning the people who participated in the rebellion, Henry's
1026:
544:
528:
578:
841:
548:
198:
639:(an area known as the "King's Field") were divided into eight "liberties" for the purposes of lead mining, and disputes were heard in the
127:
681:
766:
888:
707:
350:
1081:
901:
691:
70:
65:
The stannary law's complexity and comprehensive reach into the lives of tin miners necessitated the existence of the legislative
516:
295:
776:
509:
376:
78:
66:
29:
81:. The separate and powerful government institutions available to the tin miners reflected the enormous importance of the
343:
310:
101:
980:
58:
in
Cornwall and Devon; although no longer of much practical relevance, the stannary law remains part of the law of the
771:
425:
231:
213:
142:
90:
962:
447:
404:, a right to representation in the Stannary Parliament and a right to the jurisdiction of the stannary courts.
459:
831:
Greeves, T 1987 'The Great Courts or Parliaments of the Devon Tinners' Rep Trans Devonshire Ass 119, 143-66
1090:
1105:
632:
585:
435:
654:
479:
451:
703:
622:
574:
573:. The Devon and Cornwall stannary courts were merged into a single Stannaries Court following the
381:
315:
147:
110:
1021:
845:
816:
668:
389:
300:
152:
454:
restored them in return for a payment from the tin miners of the sum, enormous at the time, of
996:
928:
884:
781:
755:
439:
305:
590:
540:
532:
475:
385:
277:
259:
254:
208:
203:
727:
614:
333:
618:
512:
when it was felt that laws concerning the miner's rights needed to be made or revised.
455:
59:
39:
21:
905:
1099:
958:
749:
640:
524:
741:
650:
413:
25:
657:. Two courts, consisting of twelve miners, were held annually to enforce the code.
625:, with a miner's court to try cases between the miners, and a miner's parliament.
1045:
966:
819:
The Stannaries, a study of the medieval tin miners of Cornwall and Devon (1908).
698:
664:
569:
and operated a prison there, while the Cornish stannary courts met primarily in
520:
484:
470:
466:
86:
51:
121:
717:
660:
636:
628:
55:
1063:
The Dartmoor Stannaries: Tin Mining on Dartmoor in the Middle Ages, 1100-1600
1016:
979:
Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster.
604:
62:
and is arguably the oldest law incorporated into the English legal system.
932:
761:
687:
646:
405:
397:
393:
180:
175:
170:
1076:
706:
and demands for greater local autonomy, along with arguments about the
577:, but their powers were later transferred to county authorities by the
566:
501:
497:
493:
667:
enjoyed legal privileges from the thirteenth century. By the reign of
981:"House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 29 Mar 2007 (pt 0004)"
902:"Cornwall County Council - Timeline of Cornish History 1066–1700 AD"
446:
The Cornish stannaries were suspended in 1496, the year before the
1052:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 130–34 (reprinted from
570:
488:
401:
20:
434:
The privileges of the stannaries of Cornwall were confirmed by
89:. Special laws for tin miners pre-date written legal codes in
82:
47:
1087:
Online Catalogue for the Vicewarden's Court of the Stannaries
412:
industry. The Parliament usually met in an open air forum at
881:
Rural Economy and Society in the Duchy of Cornwall 1300-1500
702:
Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament is driven primarily by
469:(or Foweymore): chosen by the mayor and corporation of
621:
had their customs confirmed by charter attributed to
752:– similar institution for lead mining in Derbyshire
487:(or Tynwarnhail): by the mayor and corporation of
649:: The customs of the lead-mining district of the
842:"Devon's Mining History and Stannary parliament"
694:, although it has been unable to enforce this.
408:became the fourth Devon stannary town in 1307.
351:
16:Tin mining law in Cornwall and Devon, England
8:
1044:Henderson, Charles (1935). "Black-more". In
1001:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
961:deposited his papers regarding this in the
931:, kept its records stored in the church of
891:(includes on p. xiv a map of the districts)
598:Mining courts and customs in other counties
561:Courts of the Vice-Warden of the Stannaries
85:industry to the English economy during the
75:Courts of the Vice-Warden of the Stannaries
617:: The Free Miners of coal and iron of the
358:
344:
95:
584:The relations between the stannaries and
1017:"Stannaries Court (Abolition) Act 1896"
812:
810:
793:
400:, with a monopoly on all tin mining in
109:
98:
994:
545:Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
529:Attorney-General for England and Wales
1065:. Newton Abbot: Orchard Publications.
579:Stannaries Court (Abolition) Act 1896
384:'s 1305 Stannary Charter established
7:
844:. users.senet.com.au. Archived from
1077:Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
946:Topographical Dictionary of England
927:The Blackmore Stannary, centred at
682:Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
870:. London: Gerald Duckworth; p. 132
804:. David and Charles, Newton Abbot.
767:List of topics related to Cornwall
758:– similar institution in Australia
500:: by the mayor and corporation of
478:: by the mayor and corporation of
14:
904:. cornwall.gov.uk. Archived from
708:constitutional status of Cornwall
565:The Devon stannary courts met in
734:
720:
692:Parliament of the United Kingdom
327:
126:
120:
800:Pennington, Robert R. (1973).
67:Stannary Convocations of Devon
1:
883:. Cambridge University Press
777:Stannary Convocation of Devon
510:Lord Warden of the Stannaries
377:Stannary Convocation of Devon
371:Stannary Convocation of Devon
79:Lord Warden of the Stannaries
30:Stannary Convocation of Devon
983:. Publications.parliament.uk
1048:; Henderson, M. I. (eds.).
772:Cornish Stannary Parliament
603:subject to paying taxes to
426:Cornish Stannary Parliament
420:Cornish Stannary Parliament
232:Cornish Stannary Parliament
28:, the meeting place of the
1122:
679:
558:
423:
374:
1050:Essays in Cornish History
963:National Library of Wales
448:Cornish Rebellion of 1497
260:Proposed Cornish Assembly
697:On 12 December 1974 the
866:Halliday, F. E. (1959)
460:Charter of Pardon, 1508
438:on the creation of the
1091:Cornwall Record Office
43:
32:
1061:Hambling, P. (1995).
1027:The National Archives
944:Lewis, Samuel (1831)
918:(See entry for 1497.)
879:Hatcher, John (1970)
868:A History of Cornwall
680:Further information:
663:: The lead miners of
24:
821:(11 Mb PDF document)
77:, and the executive
704:Cornish nationalism
653:were encoded under
610:Examples included:
575:Stannaries Act 1855
549:Ministry of Justice
334:Cornwall portal
148:History of Cornwall
1022:legislation.gov.uk
631:: The hundreds of
588:were discussed in
531:, Lord Chancellor
316:Geological history
301:Cornish literature
193:Rulers (or titles)
153:Cornish devolution
38:(derived from the
33:
1056:, October, 1927).
929:Hensbarrow Beacon
782:Duchy of Cornwall
440:Duchy of Cornwall
368:
367:
249:Modern governance
50:) is the body of
1113:
1082:Cornish Timeline
1066:
1057:
1031:
1030:
1013:
1007:
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992:
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988:
976:
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919:
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898:
892:
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864:
858:
857:
855:
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838:
832:
829:
823:
814:
805:
798:
744:
739:
738:
737:
730:
725:
724:
723:
541:Bridget Prentice
533:Lord Elwyn-Jones
517:House of Commons
360:
353:
346:
332:
331:
330:
296:Cornish language
255:Cornwall Council
209:Duke of Cornwall
204:King of Cornwall
199:Legendary rulers
165:Medieval kingdom
130:
124:
114:
96:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1096:
1095:
1073:
1060:
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1040:
1038:Further reading
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1034:
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984:
978:
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952:
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911:
909:
908:on 19 June 2006
900:
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839:
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830:
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733:
728:Cornwall portal
726:
721:
719:
716:
684:
678:
615:Gloucestershire
600:
563:
557:
555:Stannary courts
539:In March 2007,
428:
422:
379:
373:
364:
328:
326:
321:
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291:
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265:
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242:
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227:
219:
218:
214:Feudal Baronies
194:
186:
185:
166:
158:
157:
138:
125:
112:
105:
73:, the judicial
17:
12:
11:
5:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1071:External links
1069:
1068:
1067:
1058:
1039:
1036:
1033:
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1008:
971:
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937:
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848:on 11 May 2008
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644:
641:barmote courts
626:
619:Forest of Dean
599:
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559:Main article:
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60:United Kingdom
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959:Dafydd Wigley
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889:0-521-08550-0
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787:
783:
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750:Barmote court
748:
747:
743:
732:
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591:Strode's Case
587:
582:
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546:
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534:
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525:Dafydd Wigley
522:
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349:
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342:
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324:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
306:Music history
304:
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297:
294:
293:
287:
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279:
276:
275:
272:Local history
269:
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97:
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72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
54:that governs
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1106:Stannary law
1062:
1054:Old Cornwall
1053:
1049:
1046:Rowse, A. L.
1029:, 1896 c. 45
1020:
1011:
985:. Retrieved
974:
953:
945:
940:
923:
910:. Retrieved
906:the original
896:
880:
875:
867:
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:the original
836:
827:
818:
817:G.R. Lewis,
802:Stannary Law
801:
796:
742:Devon portal
696:
685:
651:Mendip Hills
609:
601:
589:
583:
564:
538:
514:
506:
445:
433:
429:
414:Crockern Tor
410:
380:
237:Stannary law
236:
64:
36:Stannary law
35:
34:
26:Crockern Tor
18:
967:Aberystwyth
699:Home Office
676:Present day
665:Alston Moor
586:Westminster
521:Plaid Cymru
485:Tywarnhaile
471:Lostwithiel
396:as Devon's
111:History of
87:Middle Ages
52:English law
987:13 October
948:, volume I
788:References
661:Cumberland
637:Wirksworth
629:Derbyshire
480:Launceston
436:Edward III
398:stannaries
56:tin mining
655:Edward IV
633:High Peak
605:the Crown
476:Blackmore
452:Henry VII
390:Ashburton
386:Tavistock
1100:Category
997:cite web
957:In 1978
933:Luxulyan
912:26 April
852:26 April
762:Stannary
714:See also
647:Somerset
623:Edward I
594:(1512).
406:Plympton
394:Chagford
382:Edward I
181:Cornovii
176:Dumnonii
171:Dumnonia
143:Timeline
113:Cornwall
102:a series
100:Part of
71:Cornwall
1089:at the
688:Cornish
669:Henry V
567:Lydford
547:in the
527:to the
502:Helston
498:Kerrier
494:Penwith
467:Foymore
137:History
91:Britain
44:stannum
887:
311:Mining
290:Topics
104:on the
686:Some
571:Truro
519:from
489:Truro
402:Devon
278:Truro
40:Latin
1003:link
989:2013
914:2008
885:ISBN
854:2008
635:and
496:and
392:and
69:and
46:for
523:MP
226:Law
83:tin
48:tin
1102::
1025:,
1019:,
999:}}
995:{{
965:,
809:^
710:.
607:.
581:.
543:,
450:.
388:,
42::
1005:)
991:.
969:.
935:.
916:.
856:.
643:.
456:£
359:e
352:t
345:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
