139:
442:
stannaries were: Foweymore (district of Bodmin Moor), Blackmore (district of St
Austell); Tywarnhayle (district of St Agnes and Carn Brea); and Kerrier and Penwith (district between Godolphin and Land's End). The courts were normally held every three weeks and presided over by the steward who had been appointed by the warden of the stannaries. As there are no extant records before the 16th century the court procedure is unknown; if tinners were compelled to appear before another court they could insist that half the jury be tinners.
33:
733:
340:
133:
747:
712:
replied to letters from the members of this revived parliament, saying that the Home Office could only accept elections by the stannary towns as constitutive of a valid stannary parliament. However, the stannaries were not abolished, and the Home Office has made no effort to hold these elections. The
613:
While the stannaries of
Cornwall and Devon had the most developed legal systems, a number of other mining communities had similar privileges. The customs of the community were usually confirmed by charter, with the miners having the right to seek for minerals in all areas other than tilled fields,
441:
A charter of King John had given the tin miners of
Cornwall certain legal rights which were confirmed by King Edward I in 1305. They had the rights of "bounding" (prospecting for and working tin ore deposits), of trial before their own stannary court, and of exemption from ordinary taxation. The
422:
The parliament consisted of ninety-six jurates, with twenty-four being chosen by each of the four Devon stannaries. The jurates were chosen at special courts held in each stannary by "tinners": a term broad enough to include not just miners and tin work owners, but others concerned with the tin
546:
said he could find no record of the charter having been formally amended or withdrawn but also noted academic opinion that "no doubt has ever been expressed about
Parliament's power to enact legislation for the stannaries without the need to obtain the consent of Convocation".
518:
The stannators were described in 1831 as being "some of the principal gentlemen of the mining district". On assembly the stannators elected a speaker, the meeting being termed a
Stannary Parliament. The parliaments were convened occasionally by the
453:
in 1337. This confirmed that the tin miners were exempt from all civil jurisdiction other than that of the
Stannary Courts, except in cases affecting land, life or limb. There was at this period no definition of the districts of each stannary.
1097:
701:
political activists claim to have revived the
Stannary Parliament since 1974, along with the right to veto British legislation. Indeed, it purports to have actually vetoed acts passed by the
104:, and ancient traditions exempted everyone connected with tin mining in Cornwall and Devon from any jurisdiction other than the stannary courts in all but the most exceptional circumstances.
562:, stated in a Commons written answer that "there are no valid Cornish stannary organisations in existence" and that there "are no treaties today that apply to Cornwall only".
1013:
526:
The
Cornish Stannary Parliament last assembled at Truro in 1752, and continued until 11 September 1753. In 1977, responding by letter to a written question in the
427:. The last convocation of the Devon Parliament was in 1786, but as late as the 1980s, an honorary stannator would be named whenever a new tin mine was opened.
368:
682:
there was in existence a court of mines, and the miners elected a coroner and bailiff, with the king's officers having no authority to serve writs in the area.
571:
85:
473:
provided that no new laws affecting miners should be enacted without the consent of 24 stannators, six being chosen from each of the four stannaries:
469:
1,000, to support his war on
Scotland. In addition to restoring the stannaries and pardoning the people who participated in the rebellion, Henry's
1037:
555:
539:
589:
852:
559:
209:
650:(an area known as the "King's Field") were divided into eight "liberties" for the purposes of lead mining, and disputes were heard in the
138:
692:
777:
899:
718:
361:
1092:
912:
702:
81:
76:
The stannary law's complexity and comprehensive reach into the lives of tin miners necessitated the existence of the legislative
527:
306:
787:
520:
387:
89:
77:
40:
92:. The separate and powerful government institutions available to the tin miners reflected the enormous importance of the
354:
321:
112:
991:
69:
in
Cornwall and Devon; although no longer of much practical relevance, the stannary law remains part of the law of the
782:
436:
242:
224:
153:
101:
973:
458:
415:, a right to representation in the Stannary Parliament and a right to the jurisdiction of the stannary courts.
470:
842:
Greeves, T 1987 'The Great Courts or Parliaments of the Devon Tinners' Rep Trans Devonshire Ass 119, 143-66
1101:
1116:
643:
596:
446:
665:
490:
462:
714:
633:
585:
584:. The Devon and Cornwall stannary courts were merged into a single Stannaries Court following the
392:
326:
158:
121:
1032:
856:
827:
679:
400:
311:
163:
465:
restored them in return for a payment from the tin miners of the sum, enormous at the time, of
1007:
939:
895:
792:
766:
450:
316:
601:
551:
543:
486:
396:
288:
270:
265:
219:
214:
738:
625:
344:
629:
523:
when it was felt that laws concerning the miner's rights needed to be made or revised.
466:
70:
50:
32:
916:
1110:
969:
760:
651:
535:
752:
661:
424:
36:
668:. Two courts, consisting of twelve miners, were held annually to enforce the code.
636:, with a miner's court to try cases between the miners, and a miner's parliament.
1056:
977:
830:
The Stannaries, a study of the medieval tin miners of Cornwall and Devon (1908).
709:
675:
580:
and operated a prison there, while the Cornish stannary courts met primarily in
531:
495:
481:
477:
97:
62:
132:
728:
671:
647:
639:
66:
1074:
The Dartmoor Stannaries: Tin Mining on Dartmoor in the Middle Ages, 1100-1600
1027:
990:
Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster.
615:
73:
and is arguably the oldest law incorporated into the English legal system.
943:
772:
698:
657:
416:
408:
404:
191:
186:
181:
17:
1087:
717:
and demands for greater local autonomy, along with arguments about the
588:, but their powers were later transferred to county authorities by the
577:
512:
508:
504:
678:
enjoyed legal privileges from the thirteenth century. By the reign of
992:"House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 29 Mar 2007 (pt 0004)"
913:"Cornwall County Council - Timeline of Cornish History 1066–1700 AD"
457:
The Cornish stannaries were suspended in 1496, the year before the
1063:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 130–34 (reprinted from
581:
499:
412:
31:
445:
The privileges of the stannaries of Cornwall were confirmed by
100:. Special laws for tin miners pre-date written legal codes in
93:
58:
1098:
Online Catalogue for the Vicewarden's Court of the Stannaries
423:
industry. The Parliament usually met in an open air forum at
892:
Rural Economy and Society in the Duchy of Cornwall 1300-1500
713:
Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament is driven primarily by
480:(or Foweymore): chosen by the mayor and corporation of
632:
had their customs confirmed by charter attributed to
763:– similar institution for lead mining in Derbyshire
498:(or Tynwarnhail): by the mayor and corporation of
660:: The customs of the lead-mining district of the
853:"Devon's Mining History and Stannary parliament"
705:, although it has been unable to enforce this.
419:became the fourth Devon stannary town in 1307.
362:
27:Tin mining law in Cornwall and Devon, England
8:
1055:Henderson, Charles (1935). "Black-more". In
1012:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
972:deposited his papers regarding this in the
942:, kept its records stored in the church of
902:(includes on p. xiv a map of the districts)
609:Mining courts and customs in other counties
572:Courts of the Vice-Warden of the Stannaries
96:industry to the English economy during the
86:Courts of the Vice-Warden of the Stannaries
628:: The Free Miners of coal and iron of the
369:
355:
106:
595:The relations between the stannaries and
1028:"Stannaries Court (Abolition) Act 1896"
823:
821:
804:
411:, with a monopoly on all tin mining in
120:
109:
1005:
556:Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
540:Attorney-General for England and Wales
1076:. Newton Abbot: Orchard Publications.
590:Stannaries Court (Abolition) Act 1896
395:'s 1305 Stannary Charter established
7:
855:. users.senet.com.au. Archived from
1088:Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
957:Topographical Dictionary of England
938:The Blackmore Stannary, centred at
693:Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
881:. London: Gerald Duckworth; p. 132
815:. David and Charles, Newton Abbot.
778:List of topics related to Cornwall
769:– similar institution in Australia
511:: by the mayor and corporation of
489:: by the mayor and corporation of
25:
915:. cornwall.gov.uk. Archived from
719:constitutional status of Cornwall
576:The Devon stannary courts met in
745:
731:
703:Parliament of the United Kingdom
338:
137:
131:
811:Pennington, Robert R. (1973).
78:Stannary Convocations of Devon
1:
894:. Cambridge University Press
788:Stannary Convocation of Devon
521:Lord Warden of the Stannaries
388:Stannary Convocation of Devon
382:Stannary Convocation of Devon
90:Lord Warden of the Stannaries
41:Stannary Convocation of Devon
994:. Publications.parliament.uk
1059:; Henderson, M. I. (eds.).
783:Cornish Stannary Parliament
614:subject to paying taxes to
437:Cornish Stannary Parliament
431:Cornish Stannary Parliament
243:Cornish Stannary Parliament
39:, the meeting place of the
1133:
690:
569:
434:
385:
1061:Essays in Cornish History
974:National Library of Wales
459:Cornish Rebellion of 1497
271:Proposed Cornish Assembly
708:On 12 December 1974 the
877:Halliday, F. E. (1959)
471:Charter of Pardon, 1508
449:on the creation of the
1102:Cornwall Record Office
54:
43:
1072:Hambling, P. (1995).
1038:The National Archives
955:Lewis, Samuel (1831)
929:(See entry for 1497.)
890:Hatcher, John (1970)
879:A History of Cornwall
691:Further information:
674:: The lead miners of
35:
832:(11 Mb PDF document)
88:, and the executive
715:Cornish nationalism
664:were encoded under
621:Examples included:
586:Stannaries Act 1855
560:Ministry of Justice
345:Cornwall portal
159:History of Cornwall
1033:legislation.gov.uk
642:: The hundreds of
599:were discussed in
542:, Lord Chancellor
327:Geological history
312:Cornish literature
204:Rulers (or titles)
164:Cornish devolution
49:(derived from the
44:
1067:, October, 1927).
940:Hensbarrow Beacon
793:Duchy of Cornwall
451:Duchy of Cornwall
379:
378:
260:Modern governance
61:) is the body of
16:(Redirected from
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1093:Cornish Timeline
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736:
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552:Bridget Prentice
544:Lord Elwyn-Jones
528:House of Commons
371:
364:
357:
343:
342:
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307:Cornish language
266:Cornwall Council
220:Duke of Cornwall
215:King of Cornwall
210:Legendary rulers
176:Medieval kingdom
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21:
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1049:Further reading
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919:on 19 June 2006
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739:Cornwall portal
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626:Gloucestershire
611:
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566:Stannary courts
550:In March 2007,
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84:, the judicial
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
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1128:
1120:
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1109:
1108:
1105:
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1083:
1082:External links
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859:on 11 May 2008
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602:Strode's Case
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536:Dafydd Wigley
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318:
317:Music history
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283:Local history
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68:
65:that governs
64:
60:
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48:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1117:Stannary law
1073:
1065:Old Cornwall
1064:
1060:
1057:Rowse, A. L.
1040:, 1896 c. 45
1031:
1022:
996:. Retrieved
985:
964:
956:
951:
934:
921:. Retrieved
917:the original
907:
891:
886:
878:
873:
861:. Retrieved
857:the original
847:
838:
829:
828:G.R. Lewis,
813:Stannary Law
812:
807:
753:Devon portal
707:
696:
662:Mendip Hills
620:
612:
600:
594:
575:
549:
525:
517:
456:
444:
440:
425:Crockern Tor
421:
391:
248:Stannary law
247:
75:
47:Stannary law
46:
45:
37:Crockern Tor
29:
978:Aberystwyth
710:Home Office
687:Present day
676:Alston Moor
597:Westminster
532:Plaid Cymru
496:Tywarnhaile
482:Lostwithiel
407:as Devon's
122:History of
98:Middle Ages
63:English law
998:13 October
959:, volume I
799:References
672:Cumberland
648:Wirksworth
640:Derbyshire
491:Launceston
447:Edward III
409:stannaries
67:tin mining
666:Edward IV
644:High Peak
616:the Crown
487:Blackmore
463:Henry VII
401:Ashburton
397:Tavistock
18:Stannator
1111:Category
1008:cite web
968:In 1978
944:Luxulyan
923:26 April
863:26 April
773:Stannary
725:See also
658:Somerset
634:Edward I
605:(1512).
417:Plympton
405:Chagford
393:Edward I
192:Cornovii
187:Dumnonii
182:Dumnonia
154:Timeline
124:Cornwall
113:a series
111:Part of
82:Cornwall
1100:at the
699:Cornish
680:Henry V
578:Lydford
558:in the
538:to the
513:Helston
509:Kerrier
505:Penwith
478:Foymore
148:History
102:Britain
55:stannum
898:
322:Mining
301:Topics
115:on the
697:Some
582:Truro
530:from
500:Truro
413:Devon
289:Truro
51:Latin
1014:link
1000:2013
925:2008
896:ISBN
865:2008
646:and
507:and
403:and
80:and
57:for
534:MP
237:Law
94:tin
59:tin
1113::
1036:,
1030:,
1010:}}
1006:{{
976:,
820:^
721:.
618:.
592:.
554:,
461:.
399:,
53::
1016:)
1002:.
980:.
946:.
927:.
867:.
654:.
467:£
370:e
363:t
356:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
