212:
395:
582:' shipyard, which would struggle for the next 20 years. Furthermore, the ripple effects also compounded issues in the iron ore mining industry, at a time when Swedish iron ore was experiencing rising mining costs and facing increased low-cost competition from new mines in places such as Australia and Brazil. The inflationary recession, combined with an expansionary government fiscal policy and a generous collective wage agreement among unions in 1974–1976, put Sweden on a highly inflationary path: the price index quintupled between 1972 and 1995. Between 1965 and 1979, the
41:
461:
401:
33:
4490:
4454:
4500:
49:
457:, which came into force on 1 January 1974, meaning that commercial users of electricity were limited to three specific consecutive days' consumption of electricity, and forbidden to work longer hours of those days, although services deemed essential were exempted from these regulations. Electricity blackouts across the country were widespread.
573:
In Sweden's particular case, the recession proved devastating to the shipping, ship-building, and logging and mining industries. The increase in oil prices caused export revenues from shipping to drop by 25% within a few years. Sweden at this time had the world's second largest ship building industry
475:
on 28 February 1974 in what he saw as an opportunity for the electorate to show the miners that the government – and not the miners or the unions – were responsible for running the country. Most opinion polls suggested that the Tories would be re-elected with a majority, but when the election results
622:
was much higher than previously thought, and established a 6% target as full employment. Thus, unemployment, which had reached a peak of 9% in May 1975, did not dip below 6% until June 1978. The pre-1974 recession level of 4.6% unemployment was not reached again until
November 1997, when the Federal
506:
Economic growth was re-established in 1975 as the recession's end was declared, but
Britain's economy remained shaky. Inflation remained high, strikes continued to cripple manufacturing and public services, unemployment continued to rise above the 1,000,000 mark, and just after the resignation of
589:
Some newly industrialized countries saw some diversionary benefits from the crisis, namely Spain, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Mexico, and Brazil, as their low-cost environments attracted new investments and gave their products a competitive edge over competitors in higher-cost, developed countries
522:
with the
Liberals to hang onto power. The pact concluded in the summer of 1978, by which time economic growth had picked up (although unemployment now stood at a postwar high of 1,500,000), and opinion polls suggested that Labour could form a majority government if a general election was held.
606:
from the 1973 to 1975 recession had many of the characteristics of a typical U-type recovery. GNP (the measure at the time) reached and exceeded its pre-recession level by first quarter 1976. Industrial production had recovered to its pre-recession levels by the end of 1976.
586:'s share of total employment rose from 12% to 30%, which greatly increased the total tax burden at a time of escalating costs and prices, which fed into wage settlements, competitiveness, and profitability, and contributed to a sharply deteriorated trade balance.
1241:
630:
of 1973–1974, which pushed prices of petroleum from $ 15 to $ 45 a barrel (2010 dollars) almost overnight, certainly contributed to inflationary measures during this period, taking a larger share of incomes (an "oil tax") at a time of falling
574:(after Japan), and the spillover effects devastated shipbuilders (Swedish shipbuilders lost some 3 billion SEK in 1974), which in turn led to problems in Sweden's steel industry. The loss of shipbuilding jobs devastated port cities such as
499:, but this attempt to remain in power proved unsuccessful for Heath and he was forced to resign as prime minister on 4 March, paving the way for Harold Wilson's Labour to return to power as a minority government before winning a
178:
Although the recession ended in March 1975, the unemployment rate did not peak for several months. In May 1975, the rate reached its height for the cycle of 9 percent. (Four cycles have had higher peaks than this: the
1234:
1227:
211:
528:
2145:
2150:
570:
The oil crisis of 1973 also had similarly large negative effects on other countries that relied heavily on imported oil, such as France, Sweden, Japan, Finland, Belgium, Luxembourg, and
Denmark.
3717:
2896:
2135:
3579:
3398:
911:
4020:
2125:
3743:
3733:
3386:
3539:
2115:
4457:
2120:
554:
and resulted in a steep rise in unemployment from 5.4% (1,390,46 people) to 11.5% (3,104,66 people). It was not until 2000, by which time Labour had been re-elected as
3939:
3564:
3513:
1390:
1250:
3287:
3574:
3392:
590:
suffering from higher energy costs. These countries gained increased market share both in their domestic markets and abroad at accelerating rates during the 1970s.
425:
2288:
3709:
3696:
818:
472:
449:, which was the result of fears over power shortages as a miner's strike was announced in December 1973. The three-day week was a state of emergency imposed by
366:
3190:
3118:
3019:
2930:
2812:
2693:
2609:
2532:
2480:
2400:
1633:
709:
3604:
3544:
3443:
2906:
1258:
500:
381:
299:
44:
Oil prices in USD, 1861–2015 (1861–1944 averaged US crude oil, 1945–1983 Arabian Light, 1984–2015 Brent). Red line adjusted for inflation, blue not adjusted.
445:
The oil crisis was largely to blame for the downturn in the United
Kingdom, just as it was in the US, although an additional crisis came in the form of the
4375:
3723:
3485:
3300:
933:
886:
2938:
4066:
4012:
3976:
3549:
1993:
1940:
264:
3622:
3559:
3554:
3507:
2916:
2468:
2428:
2982:
1851:
94:
4564:
3981:
3893:
3879:
3738:
3689:
3642:
3637:
3584:
3534:
3479:
2847:
2659:
1458:
662:
4365:
4025:
3971:
3569:
3528:
3499:
3071:
1463:
1254:
1070:
657:
2825:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1219:
3632:
3471:
3456:
3381:
3364:
1829:
4493:
4061:
3958:
3866:
3611:
3493:
3450:
3315:
2283:
2278:
2265:
1834:
1363:
259:
175:
The U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics estimates that 2.3 million jobs were lost during the recession; at the time, this was a post-war record.
4569:
3277:
2190:
2082:
1037:
543:
536:
485:
355:
309:
269:
4483:
3900:
3650:
3203:
3143:
2247:
248:
3255:
692:
4574:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4524:
4478:
3965:
3728:
3589:
3521:
3461:
2758:
2748:
1978:
1210:
1187:
1158:
518:
The Labour government's tiny majority was wiped out by early 1977 as a result of by-election defeats, and
Callaghan managed to form a
442:. GDP declined by 3.9% depending on the source. It took 14 quarters for the UK's GDP to recover to that at the start of recession.
4539:
4534:
4529:
3627:
3617:
3153:
2790:
2627:
2210:
969:
1066:
476:
came through on the morning of 1 March 1974, no party had an overall majority. The gap between Ted Heath's Tory government and the
371:
320:
284:
3926:
3180:
3009:
2842:
2802:
2681:
2215:
1824:
4127:
3861:
3817:
3213:
2711:
2567:
2042:
1776:
959:
146:
3597:
3466:
3233:
523:
However, Callaghan ruled out an election in
September 1978, and within weeks a series of strikes began which would spark the
411:
138:
4312:
3921:
3906:
3841:
3831:
3802:
3792:
3330:
2664:
1804:
1520:
639:
continued to rise throughout the decade, reaching a peak of about $ 73 a barrel (2010 dollars) in 1979 as a result of the
418:
3911:
3885:
3871:
3846:
3836:
3787:
3703:
3310:
2820:
2733:
2488:
2273:
2199:
1686:
542:
In the first year of the
Thatcher-led Tory government inflation rose to 15.3%, but then fell to 5% by the time of their
1782:
1714:
4341:
4237:
3807:
3076:
2453:
2418:
2000:
1150:
512:
168:'s first term as president, characterized by low economic growth. Although the economy was expanding from 1975 to the
75:
1887:
1882:
1841:
3931:
3916:
3781:
3295:
2637:
2413:
2383:
2348:
2057:
2032:
1809:
1596:
1514:
779:
4421:
4406:
4396:
4355:
4277:
4242:
3812:
2879:
2706:
2676:
2445:
2077:
2067:
1814:
1202:
3163:
3148:
3049:
2997:
2955:
2943:
2780:
2582:
4426:
4401:
4317:
4222:
4182:
3774:
3320:
2183:
1967:
1755:
325:
2642:
792:
721:
4416:
4411:
4391:
4282:
4272:
4267:
4247:
3797:
3325:
2587:
2388:
2072:
2062:
2052:
2047:
2037:
1428:
450:
345:
335:
3136:
1749:
1581:
1103:
66: Percent change from preceding period in real gross domestic product (annualized; seasonally adjusted)
4447:
4431:
4370:
4197:
4112:
4056:
3340:
3272:
3208:
2901:
2654:
2599:
2510:
2433:
2338:
2323:
1819:
615:
4232:
4227:
4102:
3376:
3359:
3335:
3228:
3223:
3170:
2992:
2960:
2768:
2753:
2594:
2343:
2318:
2005:
1988:
1983:
1972:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1535:
1504:
1402:
1175:
551:
184:
169:
2303:
868:
850:
832:
471:
Edward Heath's offer of a 13% pay rise was rejected by the miners, and he then responded by calling a
4503:
4322:
4287:
4192:
4167:
3353:
3305:
3245:
3081:
3002:
2862:
2785:
2743:
2622:
2572:
2557:
2540:
2440:
2328:
2298:
1571:
1416:
524:
484:(who had been prime minister for nearly six years until his surprise defeat by Heath's Tories in the
386:
180:
130:
4559:
4307:
4257:
4212:
4202:
4187:
4177:
4162:
4142:
4117:
4107:
4097:
3671:
3661:
3103:
2852:
2545:
2463:
2458:
2408:
2333:
2308:
2176:
1670:
1525:
1433:
1385:
1353:
1334:
652:
4499:
626:
The interpretation regarding the cause of stagflation was and continues to be controversial. The
4327:
4302:
4207:
4147:
4122:
4092:
4082:
3681:
3676:
3666:
3656:
3369:
3347:
2867:
2726:
2701:
2671:
2632:
2515:
2358:
2155:
2140:
2130:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
1407:
1375:
640:
636:
492:
192:
57:
610:
The major influence of the experience of the 1974 recession came in the form of the concept of
4262:
4217:
4157:
4132:
4087:
4030:
3825:
3267:
3098:
2911:
2498:
2293:
2254:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1470:
1443:
1380:
1368:
1329:
1298:
1206:
1183:
1154:
965:
632:
603:
532:
477:
330:
294:
243:
126:
40:
183:, where the unemployment rate peaked at 10 percent in October 2009 in the United States; the
4292:
4172:
4137:
4035:
3950:
3945:
3856:
3436:
2874:
2837:
2763:
2721:
2617:
2577:
2378:
2373:
1957:
1952:
1798:
1787:
1448:
1438:
1348:
1308:
1303:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1142:
1085:
915:
488:) was so narrow that the Tories received the most votes but Labour won slightly more seats.
350:
188:
145:, where industrial core areas in North America and Europe were forced to re-structure. The
53:
1288:
4360:
4297:
4252:
4152:
3851:
3158:
3091:
2987:
2948:
2832:
2775:
2647:
2550:
2448:
2368:
2363:
2026:
2016:
1766:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1179:
508:
340:
118:
2313:
491:
Heath fought to keep the Tories in government by attempting to form a coalition with the
468:
There was also double-digit inflation during this period, which peaked at more than 20%.
172:, which began in January 1980, inflation remained extremely high until the early 1980s.
17:
4040:
3108:
3086:
3064:
3042:
3037:
2562:
2493:
2423:
1315:
1293:
667:
515:
for a multibillion-pound bail-out in an attempt to bolster
Britain's flagging economy.
446:
439:
289:
747:
643:, a price not exceeded until 2008 in the wake of dislocations due to the war in Iraq.
460:
400:
32:
4518:
3250:
3027:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1722:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1628:
1617:
1605:
1575:
1397:
992:
599:
583:
496:
481:
226:
165:
153:
90:
3403:
3239:
3175:
2857:
2716:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1344:
1339:
1283:
1199:
Economist in an Uncertain World: Arthur F. Burns and the Federal Reserve, 1970–1978
672:
519:
454:
161:
142:
102:
1121:
1169:
3131:
3059:
2975:
2795:
2520:
1897:
1453:
1412:
1358:
627:
611:
304:
157:
134:
122:
98:
48:
2168:
1086:"After the Phillips Curve: Persistence of High Inflation and High Unemployment"
3218:
3126:
3054:
3032:
2965:
2738:
1681:
1051:
559:
555:
547:
2884:
2503:
2353:
1492:
1423:
1324:
1320:
914:. OECD Employment and Labour Market Statistics (database). 22 October 2012.
618:
adjusted its mandate as a result, believing that the inflation-unemployment
106:
1030:
3260:
3198:
2970:
2889:
934:"Changes in the economy since the 1970s - Office for National Statistics"
887:"Changes in the economy since the 1970s - Office for National Statistics"
619:
575:
919:
579:
187:
where unemployment peaked at 10.8% in November and December 1982; the
56:, the Recession of 1973–75 in the United States could be considered a
912:"Labour Market Statistics: Unemployment by Duration (Edition 2015)"
725:
748:"Unemployment continued to rise in 1982 as the recession deepened"
459:
152:
The recession in the United States lasted from November 1973 (the
47:
39:
31:
60:, because of its prolonged period of weak growth and contraction.
4000:
3762:
3424:
2228:
2172:
1223:
1147:
A History of the Federal Reserve – Volume 2, Book 2: 1970–1986
693:"This Recession Was Brought to You by the Letters U, V and L"
507:
Harold Wilson as prime minister in March 1976, his successor
160:
presidency), and its effects on the US were felt through the
1052:"Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey"
775:
141:
increased competition in the metal industry, triggering a
776:
Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey
535:
sparked the collapse of the Labour government and in the
97:. It differed from many previous recessions by involving
1016:
Small Countries in the World Economy: The Case of Sweden
961:
Small Economies in the World Economy: The Case of Sweden
819:"Lessons to be learnt from rampant inflation of the 70s"
614:, that is, inflation during a period of recession. The
964:. Institute for Research on Public Policy. p. 34.
1018:. Institute for Research on Public Policy. p. 42.
191:, where unemployment peaked at 25% in 1933; and the
4440:
4384:
4348:
4336:
4075:
4049:
4011:
3286:
3189:
3117:
3018:
2929:
2811:
2692:
2608:
2531:
2479:
2399:
2264:
2239:
2015:
1951:
1896:
1850:
1765:
1680:
1627:
1534:
1503:
438:The recession also lasted from 1973 to 1975 in the
89:was a period of economic stagnation in much of the
27:Period of economic stagnation in the Western world
995:. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. January 1955
722:"NBER Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions"
503:on 10 October by a majority of just three seats.
539:in May that year, the Tories returned to power.
93:during the 1970s, putting an end to the overall
1067:"The Federal Reserve Board Responds to Bankers"
495:and offering a cabinet post to Liberal leader
2469:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution
2184:
1235:
562:that unemployment fell to the level in 1979.
419:
195:where unemployment peaked at 14.7% in 2020.)
8:
3393:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
550:policies designed to curb inflation caused
4008:
3997:
3759:
3421:
2236:
2225:
2191:
2177:
2169:
1242:
1228:
1220:
426:
412:
202:
2917:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1031:"The Recession and Recovery of 1973–1976"
1029:Zarnowsky, Victor H.; Moore, Geoffrey H.
663:List of recessions in the United Kingdom
623:Reserve deviated from its prior policy.
3072:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
1071:Center for Economic and Policy Research
683:
658:List of recessions in the United States
205:
7:
1104:"A Postmortem of the 1974 Recession"
1038:National Bureau of Economic Research
869:"1979: Thatcher wins Tory landslide"
276:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
95:post–World War II economic expansion
1171:Volcker: The Triumph of Persistence
817:Stevenson, Tom (11 February 2012).
691:Martha C. White (12 January 2009).
2759:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
2749:Assassination of James A. Garfield
1546:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
326:Decriminalisation of homosexuality
170:first recession of the early 1980s
72: Average GDP growth 1947–2009
25:
2791:Assassination of William McKinley
1259:Commonwealth of Nations countries
1091:. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
833:"1974 Feb: Hung parliament looms"
782:. Retrieved on 19 September 2009
531:issued by Tory opposition leader
164:presidency until the mid-term of
4498:
4489:
4488:
4453:
4452:
3010:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
2803:Nadir of American race relations
2682:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
1122:"Oil Price History and Analysis"
851:"1974 Oct: Wilson makes it four"
399:
393:
210:
4565:Recessions in the United States
2712:First transcontinental railroad
1255:recessions in the United States
156:presidency) to March 1975 (the
36:US unemployment rate, 1969–1981
993:"Consumer Price Index: Sweden"
367:February 1974 general election
139:newly industrialized countries
1:
1054:. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
382:October 1974 general election
3880:Hispanic and Latino American
2734:Second Industrial Revolution
2568:Nat Turner's slave rebellion
2274:Exploration of North America
2200:History of the United States
1109:. The Brookings Institution.
798:. Bureau of Labor Statistics
793:"The Recession of 2007-2009"
149:made the recession evident.
4570:Presidency of Richard Nixon
3404:Indictments of Donald Trump
2595:First Industrial Revolution
2429:Declaration of Independence
2419:Second Continental Congress
2001:1997 Asian financial crisis
1634:Civil War-era United States
1168:Silber, William L. (2012).
1151:University of Chicago Press
513:International Monetary Fund
305:Decimalisation announcement
76:Bureau of Economic Analysis
4591:
3296:Killing of Osama bin Laden
2384:First Continental Congress
1777:Post–World War I recession
1597:Post-Napoleonic Depression
780:Bureau of Labor Statistics
755:Bureau of Labor Statistics
511:was forced to call on the
300:Abolition of death penalty
147:1973–74 stock market crash
117:Among the causes were the
4575:Presidency of Gerald Ford
4555:1975 in the United States
4550:1974 in the United States
4545:1973 in the United States
4525:1970s in economic history
4474:
4007:
3996:
3769:
3758:
3431:
3420:
2880:Wall Street Crash of 1929
2677:Emancipation Proclamation
2446:Articles of Confederation
2284:Native American epidemics
2235:
2224:
2206:
1687:2nd Industrial Revolution
1620:(1836–1838 and 1839–1843)
1536:1st Industrial Revolution
1304:Price-and-wage stickiness
1265:
1203:Columbia University Press
4540:1975 in economic history
4535:1974 in economic history
4530:1973 in economic history
4366:Northern Mariana Islands
2939:Strike wave of 1945–1946
1968:1990s United States boom
1756:Financial crisis of 1914
1197:Wells, Wyatt C. (1994).
265:1963 leadership election
260:1960 leadership election
219:This article is part of
109:existed simultaneously.
18:Stagflation of the 1970s
3901:Middle Eastern American
3718:Technology and industry
2588:Seneca Falls Convention
2389:Continental Association
2289:Settlement of Jamestown
1783:Depression of 1920–1921
1715:Depression of 1882–1885
1629:Early Victorian Britain
1364:Real and nominal values
1126:www.wtrg.com/prices.htm
1014:Horváth, Dezsö (1982).
958:Horváth, Dezsö (1982).
529:a vote of no confidence
346:Divorce Reform Act 1969
336:Race Relations Act 1968
4021:Admission to the Union
3387:Afghanistan withdrawal
3382:January 6 insurrection
3301:Rise in mass shootings
3273:Virginia Tech shooting
2826:Paris Peace Conference
2600:Second Great Awakening
2339:American Enlightenment
1888:Recession of 1969–1970
1883:Recession of 1960–1961
1842:Recession of 1937–1938
757:. U.S. Bureau of Labor
724:. NBER. Archived from
546:in 1983. However, the
465:
362:Third and fourth terms
129:, and the fall of the
121:, the deficits of the
78:
45:
37:
4013:Territorial evolution
3377:George Floyd Protests
3360:Unite the Right rally
3229:Oklahoma City bombing
3224:Republican Revolution
3171:Space Shuttle program
2993:Civil Rights Movement
2961:North Atlantic Treaty
2769:Sherman Antitrust Act
2754:Chinese Exclusion Act
2344:French and Indian War
2334:Prelude to Revolution
2319:First Great Awakening
2279:European colonization
2006:Early 2000s recession
1973:Early 1990s recession
1925:Early 1980s recession
1505:Commercial revolution
1403:Nominal interest rate
463:
356:1970 general election
310:1966 general election
270:1964 general election
185:early 1980s recession
51:
43:
35:
3927:Palestinian American
3354:Obergefell v. Hodges
3246:September 11 attacks
3082:Second-wave feminism
3003:Cuban Missile Crisis
2863:Bath School disaster
2781:Spanish–American War
2744:The Gospel of Wealth
2623:California Gold Rush
2583:Mexican–American War
2573:Nullification crisis
2541:Era of Good Feelings
2441:Confederation period
2349:Proclamation of 1763
2299:Atlantic slave trade
1572:Copper Panic of 1789
1205:. pp. 121–162.
1153:. pp. 865–889.
1084:Morris; et al.
525:Winter of Discontent
464:Uk inflation history
387:1976 sterling crisis
181:late 2000s recession
131:Bretton Woods system
4376:U.S. Virgin Islands
3862:Lithuanian American
3818:Vietnamese American
3164:End of the Cold War
3154:Invasion of Grenada
3104:Iran hostage crisis
2853:Tulsa race massacre
2660:Election of Lincoln
2655:Dred Scott decision
2643:Kansas–Nebraska Act
2546:Missouri Compromise
2464:Northwest Ordinance
2454:Pennsylvania Mutiny
2449:and Perpetual Union
2409:American Revolution
2324:War of Jenkins' Ear
1908:1973–1975 recession
1852:Post–WWII expansion
1526:Great Frost of 1709
1354:Neutrality of money
1335:Classical dichotomy
1251:Economic expansions
920:10.1787/bf3ddb8a-en
653:1970s energy crisis
552:a recession in 1980
377:1973–1975 recession
137:. The emergence of
83:1973–1975 recession
52:In the parlance of
4026:Historical regions
3982:Transgender people
3540:Capital punishment
3399:Support of Ukraine
3348:Black Lives Matter
3256:War in Afghanistan
3181:Invasion of Panama
3137:Iran–Contra affair
2998:Early–mid Cold War
2868:Harlem Renaissance
2727:Compromise of 1877
2702:Reconstruction era
2638:Fugitive Slave Act
2633:Compromise of 1850
2578:Westward expansion
2516:Louisiana Purchase
2359:Stamp Act Congress
2304:King William's War
2090:COVID-19 recession
1750:Panic of 1910–1911
1582:Panic of 1796–1797
1408:Real interest rate
1376:Economic expansion
641:Iranian revolution
637:petroleum products
480:opposition led by
466:
255:Pre-Prime Minister
193:COVID-19 recession
79:
58:U-shaped recession
46:
38:
4512:
4511:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4031:American frontier
3992:
3991:
3922:Lebanese American
3907:Egyptian American
3842:Estonian American
3832:Albanian American
3826:European American
3803:Japanese American
3793:Filipino American
3754:
3753:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3365:COVID-19 pandemic
3268:Hurricane Katrina
3209:Los Angeles riots
3099:Watergate scandal
2944:Start of Cold War
2912:Manhattan Project
2499:Whiskey Rebellion
2329:King George's War
2294:Thirteen Colonies
2255:Pre-Columbian Era
2166:
2165:
1877:Recession of 1958
1871:Recession of 1953
1865:Recession of 1949
1562:Thirteen Colonies
1369:Velocity of money
1299:Paradox of thrift
1143:Meltzer, Allan H.
1120:Williams, James.
633:consumer spending
604:economic recovery
594:Economic recovery
566:Rest of the world
533:Margaret Thatcher
527:. In March 1979,
436:
435:
331:Abortion Act 1967
295:Capital gains tax
236:
235:
127:President Johnson
16:(Redirected from
4582:
4502:
4492:
4491:
4456:
4455:
4385:Outlying islands
4342:Washington, D.C.
4337:Federal District
4036:Manifest destiny
4009:
3998:
3940:Native Americans
3912:Iranian American
3886:Mexican American
3872:Serbian American
3857:Italian American
3847:Finnish American
3837:English American
3788:Chinese American
3775:African American
3760:
3565:Direct democracy
3555:The Constitution
3514:Higher education
3437:American Century
3422:
2875:Great Depression
2848:Women's suffrage
2838:Roaring Twenties
2764:Haymarket affair
2722:Enforcement Acts
2511:Jeffersonian era
2459:Shays' Rebellion
2379:Intolerable Acts
2374:Boston Tea Party
2309:Queen Anne's War
2237:
2226:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2170:
1958:Great Regression
1953:Great Moderation
1799:Great Depression
1788:Roaring Twenties
1309:Underconsumption
1279:Effective demand
1270:Aggregate demand
1244:
1237:
1230:
1221:
1216:
1193:
1176:Bloomsbury Press
1164:
1130:
1129:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
930:
924:
923:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
883:
877:
876:
865:
859:
858:
847:
841:
840:
829:
823:
822:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
797:
789:
783:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
752:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
718:
712:
707:
701:
700:
688:
635:. The price of
428:
421:
414:
403:
397:
396:
351:Operation Banner
232:
231:
229:
222:
214:
207:
206:
203:
189:Great Depression
101:, in which high
71:
65:
54:recession shapes
21:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4462:
4436:
4380:
4344:
4332:
4071:
4045:
4003:
3988:
3894:Jewish American
3867:Polish American
3808:Korean American
3798:Indian American
3765:
3750:
3605:Merchant Marine
3575:Law enforcement
3427:
3408:
3282:
3278:Great Recession
3185:
3159:Reagan Doctrine
3113:
3092:Stonewall riots
3014:
2988:Project Mercury
2949:Truman Doctrine
2925:
2833:First Red Scare
2807:
2776:Progressive Era
2688:
2648:Bleeding Kansas
2604:
2551:Monroe Doctrine
2527:
2475:
2434:Treaty of Paris
2395:
2369:Boston Massacre
2364:Sons of Liberty
2260:
2231:
2220:
2202:
2197:
2167:
2162:
2027:Great Recession
2019:
2017:Information Age
2011:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1900:
1898:Great Inflation
1892:
1854:
1846:
1769:
1767:Interwar period
1761:
1697:Long Depression
1689:
1685:
1676:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1538:
1530:
1507:
1499:
1464:U.S. recessions
1459:U.K. recessions
1391:U.S. expansions
1261:
1248:
1213:
1196:
1190:
1167:
1161:
1141:
1138:
1136:Further reading
1133:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
991:
990:
986:
976:
974:
972:
957:
956:
952:
942:
940:
932:
931:
927:
910:
909:
905:
895:
893:
885:
884:
880:
875:. 5 April 2005.
867:
866:
862:
857:. 5 April 2005.
849:
848:
844:
839:. 5 April 2005.
831:
830:
826:
816:
815:
811:
801:
799:
795:
791:
790:
786:
774:
770:
760:
758:
750:
746:
745:
741:
731:
729:
720:
719:
715:
708:
704:
690:
689:
685:
681:
649:
616:Federal Reserve
596:
568:
509:James Callaghan
501:second election
453:prime minister
432:
394:
391:
363:
360:
341:Open University
317:
314:
281:
278:
277:
274:
256:
253:
227:
225:
224:
223:
220:
218:
201:
119:1973 oil crisis
115:
87:1970s recession
73:
69:
67:
63:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4588:
4586:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4517:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4496:
4486:
4484:Historiography
4481:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4422:Navassa Island
4419:
4414:
4409:
4407:Johnston Atoll
4404:
4399:
4397:Howland Island
4394:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4356:American Samoa
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4278:South Carolina
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4243:North Carolina
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4067:The West Coast
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4041:Indian removal
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3932:Saudi American
3929:
3924:
3919:
3917:Iraqi American
3914:
3909:
3897:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3852:Irish American
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3782:Asian American
3778:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3710:Sexual slavery
3700:
3693:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:Postal service
3577:
3572:
3570:Foreign policy
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3525:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3447:
3440:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3144:Crack epidemic
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3123:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3109:Moral Majority
3106:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3087:Gay liberation
3084:
3079:
3077:Counterculture
3074:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3065:Fall of Saigon
3062:
3057:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3043:Apollo program
3040:
3038:Project Gemini
3030:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2956:Early Cold War
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2635:
2628:Prelude to War
2625:
2620:
2618:Antebellum Era
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2563:Trail of Tears
2558:Jacksonian era
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2494:Federalist Era
2491:
2489:Bill of Rights
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2424:Lee Resolution
2421:
2416:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:United Kingdom
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2078:United Kingdom
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2023:
2021:
2020:(2007–present)
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1989:United Kingdom
1986:
1981:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1936:United Kingdom
1933:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1913:United Kingdom
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1830:United Kingdom
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1703:United Kingdom
1693:
1691:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1405:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1318:
1316:Business cycle
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1294:Overproduction
1291:
1286:
1281:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1212:978-0231084963
1211:
1194:
1189:978-1608190706
1188:
1165:
1160:978-0226213514
1159:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1112:
1102:Okun, Arthur.
1094:
1076:
1057:
1043:
1021:
1006:
984:
970:
950:
938:www.ons.gov.uk
925:
903:
891:www.ons.gov.uk
878:
860:
842:
824:
809:
784:
768:
739:
728:on 5 July 2007
713:
702:
682:
680:
677:
676:
675:
670:
668:Phillips curve
665:
660:
655:
648:
645:
595:
592:
567:
564:
447:Three-Day Week
440:United Kingdom
434:
433:
431:
430:
423:
416:
408:
405:
404:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
361:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
315:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
290:Circular 10/65
287:
279:
275:
273:
272:
267:
262:
254:
252:
251:
246:
238:
237:
234:
233:
221:a series about
217:
215:
200:
199:United Kingdom
197:
114:
111:
68:
62:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4587:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:List of years
4477:
4476:
4473:
4459:
4451:
4449:
4448:Urban history
4446:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4427:Palmyra Atoll
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:Jarvis Island
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:Insular areas
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:West Virginia
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4223:New Hampshire
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Massachusetts
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3995:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:Thai American
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3761:
3757:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3651:Party Systems
3648:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3590:Voting rights
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3251:War on terror
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:Late Cold War
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Great Society
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Post-war boom
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:United States
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2083:United States
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:United States
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1941:United States
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:United States
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1835:United States
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:Panic of 1907
1742:
1739:
1738:Panic of 1901
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:Panic of 1893
1727:
1724:
1723:Baring crisis
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1708:United States
1706:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:Panic of 1866
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:Panic of 1857
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:Panic of 1847
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1618:Panic of 1837
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:Panic of 1825
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:Panic of 1792
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Slump of 1706
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Balance sheet
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:Interest rate
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1065:Baker, Dean.
1061:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1007:
994:
988:
985:
973:
971:9780886450632
967:
963:
962:
954:
951:
939:
935:
929:
926:
921:
917:
913:
907:
904:
892:
888:
882:
879:
874:
870:
864:
861:
856:
852:
846:
843:
838:
834:
828:
825:
820:
813:
810:
794:
788:
785:
781:
777:
772:
769:
756:
749:
743:
740:
727:
723:
717:
714:
711:
706:
703:
698:
697:The Big Money
694:
687:
684:
678:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
646:
644:
642:
638:
634:
629:
624:
621:
617:
613:
608:
605:
601:
600:United States
593:
591:
587:
585:
584:public sector
581:
577:
571:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
516:
514:
510:
504:
502:
498:
497:Jeremy Thorpe
494:
493:Liberal Party
489:
487:
486:1970 election
483:
482:Harold Wilson
479:
474:
473:snap election
469:
462:
458:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
429:
424:
422:
417:
415:
410:
409:
407:
406:
402:
398:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
250:
249:MP for Huyton
247:
245:
242:
241:
240:
239:
230:
228:Harold Wilson
216:
213:
209:
208:
204:
198:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
176:
173:
171:
167:
166:Ronald Reagan
163:
159:
155:
154:Richard Nixon
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
113:United States
112:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:Western world
88:
84:
77:
59:
55:
50:
42:
34:
30:
19:
4417:Midway Atoll
4412:Kingman Reef
4392:Baker Island
4371:Puerto Rico
4283:South Dakota
4273:Rhode Island
4268:Pennsylvania
4248:North Dakota
3964:
3957:
3938:
3899:
3892:
3878:
3824:
3780:
3773:
3716:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3649:
3623:Marine Corps
3610:
3603:
3596:
3560:Debt ceiling
3545:Civil Rights
3527:
3520:
3506:
3492:
3478:
3449:
3444:Antisemitism
3442:
3435:
3391:
3352:
3288:2008–present
3240:Bush v. Gore
3238:
3176:War on drugs
3050:Mid Cold War
2902:Pearl Harbor
2897:World War II
2717:Ku Klux Klan
2314:Dummer's War
2253:
2246:
2240:Pre-Colonial
2068:South Africa
1917:
1912:
1907:
1825:South Africa
1671:Black Friday
1488:Unemployment
1345:Money supply
1340:Disinflation
1284:General glut
1201:. New York:
1198:
1174:. New York:
1170:
1146:
1125:
1115:
1097:
1079:
1060:
1046:
1024:
1015:
1009:
997:. Retrieved
987:
975:. Retrieved
960:
953:
941:. Retrieved
937:
928:
906:
894:. Retrieved
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
812:
802:27 September
800:. Retrieved
787:
771:
759:. Retrieved
754:
742:
730:. Retrieved
726:the original
716:
710:"Stagflation
705:
696:
686:
673:Steel crisis
625:
609:
597:
588:
572:
569:
544:election win
541:
517:
505:
490:
470:
467:
455:Edward Heath
451:Conservative
444:
437:
392:
376:
244:Labour Party
177:
174:
162:Jimmy Carter
151:
143:steel crisis
116:
103:unemployment
86:
82:
80:
29:
4432:Wake Island
4198:Mississippi
4113:Connecticut
4057:New England
3724:Agriculture
3643:Coast Guard
3638:Space Force
3486:Immigration
3214:WTC bombing
3132:Reaganomics
3060:Vietnam War
2976:McCarthyism
2858:Second Klan
2843:Prohibition
2821:World War I
2796:Square Deal
2786:Imperialism
2521:War of 1812
2248:Prehistoric
2136:New Zealand
2094:2020–2022;
2058:New Zealand
2031:2007–2009;
1977:1990–1991;
1961:(1982–2007)
1929:1980–1982;
1901:(1973–1982)
1879:(1957–1958)
1873:(1953–1954)
1867:(1948–1949)
1855:(1945–1973)
1820:New Zealand
1803:1929–1939;
1779:(1918–1919)
1770:(1918–1939)
1752:(1910–1912)
1746:(1907–1908)
1740:(1902–1904)
1731:(1893–1897)
1725:(1890–1891)
1701:1873–1879;
1690:(1870–1914)
1673:(1869–1870)
1667:(1865–1867)
1658:(1857–1858)
1649:(1847–1848)
1637:(1840–1870)
1608:(1825–1826)
1599:(1815–1821)
1584:(1796–1799)
1578:(1789–1793)
1550:1772–1774;
1539:(1760–1840)
1517:(1430–1490)
1515:Great Slump
1508:(1000–1760)
1454:Stagflation
1413:Yield curve
1359:Price level
1178:. pp.
1149:. Chicago:
943:30 December
896:30 December
628:oil embargo
612:stagflation
316:Second term
158:Gerald Ford
135:Nixon shock
123:Vietnam War
99:stagflation
4560:Recessions
4519:Categories
4313:Washington
4233:New Mexico
4228:New Jersey
4103:California
3598:Journalism
3550:Corruption
3529:Government
3480:Demography
3467:Newspapers
3316:Sandy Hook
3219:Waco siege
3127:Reagan era
3033:Space Race
2966:Korean War
2907:home front
2739:Gilded Age
2707:Amendments
2101:Bangladesh
2038:Bangladesh
1682:Gilded Age
1434:Depression
1386:Stagnation
761:15 October
679:References
578:, home to
560:Tony Blair
556:New Labour
548:monetarist
280:First term
133:after the
4323:Wisconsin
4288:Tennessee
4193:Minnesota
4168:Louisiana
4062:The South
3633:Air Force
3508:Education
3370:recession
3326:Las Vegas
3234:Columbine
3191:1991–2008
3119:1980–1991
3020:1964–1980
2931:1945–1964
2885:Dust Bowl
2813:1917–1945
2694:1865–1917
2672:Civil War
2665:Secession
2610:1849–1865
2533:1815–1849
2504:Quasi-War
2481:1789–1815
2401:1776–1789
2354:Sugar Act
2141:Singapore
2096:Australia
2073:Sri Lanka
2033:Australia
1979:Australia
1805:Australia
1795:1926–1927
1792:1923–1924
1758:(1913–14)
1734:1899–1900
1590:1807–1810
1587:1802–1804
1568:1785–1788
1493:Sahm rule
1424:Recession
1325:Inflation
1321:Deflation
732:1 October
520:coalition
107:inflation
105:and high
4494:Category
4308:Virginia
4258:Oklahoma
4238:New York
4213:Nebraska
4203:Missouri
4188:Michigan
4178:Maryland
4163:Kentucky
4143:Illinois
4118:Delaware
4108:Colorado
4098:Arkansas
3977:Lesbians
3951:Comanche
3946:Cherokee
3739:Medicine
3697:Genocide
3690:Religion
3612:Military
3585:Taxation
3535:Abortion
3451:Cultural
3331:Parkland
3261:Iraq War
3199:Gulf War
2971:Ivy Mike
2890:New Deal
2266:Colonial
2211:Timeline
2126:Malaysia
2111:Botswana
2063:Pakistan
2053:Malaysia
1557:Scotland
1417:Inverted
1381:Recovery
1145:(2009).
999:12 March
977:12 March
873:BBC News
855:BBC News
837:BBC News
647:See also
620:tradeoff
537:election
74:Source:
4328:Wyoming
4303:Vermont
4208:Montana
4148:Indiana
4128:Georgia
4123:Florida
4093:Arizona
4083:Alabama
4050:Regions
3972:Gay men
3744:Railway
3704:Slavery
3500:Banking
3494:Economy
3336:El Paso
3321:Orlando
3055:Détente
2216:Outline
2131:Namibia
1719:1887–88
1661:1860–61
1652:1853–54
1643:1845–46
1614:1833–34
1611:1828–29
1602:1822–23
1552:England
1444:Rolling
1330:Chronic
1180:118–133
598:In the
580:Kockums
372:Cabinet
321:Cabinet
285:Cabinet
4504:Portal
4458:Cities
4441:Cities
4263:Oregon
4218:Nevada
4158:Kansas
4133:Hawaii
4088:Alaska
4076:States
4002:Places
3764:Groups
3734:Lumber
3672:Fourth
3662:Second
3472:Sports
3457:Cinema
3426:Topics
3341:Uvalde
3311:Aurora
3306:Tucson
2230:Events
2156:Zambia
2116:Canada
2106:Belize
2043:Canada
2008:(2001)
1984:Canada
1931:Canada
1810:Canada
1481:Supply
1476:Demand
1449:Shapes
1439:Global
1349:demand
1274:Supply
1209:
1186:
1157:
968:
602:, the
558:under
478:Labour
125:under
70:
64:
4293:Texas
4173:Maine
4138:Idaho
3966:LGBTQ
3959:Women
3729:Labor
3682:Sixth
3677:Fifth
3667:Third
3657:First
3462:Music
3204:NAFTA
2121:India
2048:India
1815:India
1471:Shock
1289:Model
1107:(PDF)
1089:(PDF)
1034:(PDF)
796:(PDF)
751:(PDF)
576:Malmö
4361:Guam
4298:Utah
4253:Ohio
4153:Iowa
3628:Navy
3618:Army
3522:Flag
1861:1945
1593:1812
1257:and
1253:and
1207:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1155:ISBN
1001:2019
979:2019
966:ISBN
945:2019
898:2019
804:2012
763:2018
734:2008
81:The
2414:War
916:doi
85:or
4521::
1182:.
1124:.
1069:.
1036:.
936:.
889:.
871:.
853:.
835:.
778:,
753:.
695:.
2192:e
2185:t
2178:v
1955:/
1684:/
1631:/
1574:/
1415:/
1347:/
1323:/
1272:/
1243:e
1236:t
1229:v
1215:.
1192:.
1163:.
1128:.
1073:.
1040:.
1003:.
981:.
947:.
922:.
918::
900:.
821:.
806:.
765:.
736:.
699:.
427:e
420:t
413:v
20:)
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