854:
621:
733:
307:
163:, received advanced knowledge about Lenin's Testament and sought to delay its release. Upon its release to the party, Stalin offered to resign as General Secretary, but this was rebuked to maintain the image of party unity. With his position secure, Stalin focused on consolidating his power and leveraging antagonisms among party leaders. Many were members of the Politburo, and rivalries extended beyond that. Several People's Commissars were involved in the Party's internal personal as well as political struggles. The main factions within the party included the intellectual "
853:
814:. On 12 November 1927, Trotsky and Zinoviev were expelled from the Communist Party itself, followed by Kamenev at the Fifteenth Party Congress in December 1927. At the Congress, where Kamenev acted as the United Opposition's spokesman due to Trotsky's and Zinoviev's expulsion, the United Opposition were unable to gain the support of more than a small minority of the Communist Party, and they were expelled after the Congress declared United Opposition views to be incompatible with Communist Party membership.
834:
the
Communist Party in June 1928, after a six-month cooling-off period. They never regained their Central Committee seats, but they were given mid-level positions within the Soviet bureaucracy. Kamenev and Zinoviev were courted by Bukharin at the beginning of his short and ill-fated struggle with Stalin in the summer of 1928. This activity was soon reported to Stalin and was later used against Bukharin as proof of his factionalism. Trotsky, firmer than ever in his opposition to Stalin, was exiled to
498:, none of the Soviet figures questioned the authenticity of the document at the time. He noted that Stalin himself quoted the full passage of the testament and commented that "Indeed I am rude, Comrades, to those who rudely and perfidiously destroy and split the party. I have not hidden this, and still do not". The memorandum contains information criticizing Stalin's rude manners, excessive power, ambition and politics, and suggested that Stalin should be removed from the position of
1708:
997:
463:. After this, prominent Bolsheviks were concerned about who would take over if Lenin actually died. Lenin and Trotsky had more of a personal and theoretical relationship, while Lenin and Stalin had more of a political and apparatical relationship. Yet, Stalin visited Lenin often, acting as his intermediary with the outside world. During this time, the two quarrelled over economic policy and how to consolidate the Soviet republics. One day, Stalin verbally swore at Lenin's wife,
795:
aiding Stalin and his allies in the
Communist Party and the Soviet state. Attacks against the United Opposition increased in volatility and ferocity. Many supporters of Kamenev and Zinoviev's group, as well as most from the Workers Opposition grouping, had left the United Opposition by mid-1927, changing sides under the growing political pressure and espousing their support for Stalin. Trotsky, Kamenev, and Zinoviev grew increasingly isolated and were ejected from the
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31:
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633:. For his part, Stalin was cautious about where the political situation was heading and often felt that Zinoviev's volatile rhetoric against Trotsky was going too far, especially when Zinoviev demanded Trotsky's expulsion from the Communist Party in January 1925. Stalin opposed Zinoviev's demand and skillfully played the role of a moderate. At this time, Stalin was allying himself more and more with
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1918:
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Lenin's death, Stalin traveled across the USSR to deliver lectures on
Leninist philosophy and began framing himself as Lenin's successor. As the 1920s progressed, Stalin used his position to expel critics within the party and tightened his grip. Stalin's alliance with the party's right wing ended when Stalin decided to proceed with the
620:
199:". Trotsky's downfall was swift, he was first removed as Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs (January 1925), then removed from the Politburo (October 1926), and lost his seat on the Central Committee in October 1927. Stalin expelled him from the party in November 1927, and sent him to Alma–Ata in
833:
While
Trotsky remained firm in his opposition to Stalin after his expulsion from the Communist Party and his subsequent exile, Zinoviev and Kamenev capitulated almost immediately and called on their supporters to follow suit. They wrote open letters acknowledging their mistakes and were readmitted to
2024:
inspiration". His ability to assume absolute power has remained a subject of historical debate. Some historians have attributed his success primarily to his personal qualities. Contrarily, certain political theorists such as
Trotsky have emphasised the role of external conditions in facilitating the
794:
While the catastrophic events in China completely vindicated
Trotsky's criticism of Stalin's approach towards the Chinese Revolution, this paled insignificance compared to the demoralization that the Soviet masses felt at such a big setback for socialist revolution in China, with this demoralization
782:
Trotsky wanted the
Communist Party to complete an orthodox proletarian revolution and have clear class independence from the KMT. Stalin funded the KMT during the expedition. Stalin countered Trotskyist criticism by making a secret speech in which he said that Chiang's right-wing Kuomintang were the
1740:
for the purpose of extrajudicial punishment. In April 1935, Kamenev's prison sentence was increased by another 5 years, to a total of 10 years imprisonment. Hundreds of oppositionists linked to
Kamenev and Zinoviev were arrested and exiled to Siberia. In late 1935, Stalin reopened the case. Kamenev
628:
In the months following Lenin's death, Stalin's disputes with
Zinoviev and Kamenev intensified. While the triumvirate remained intact throughout 1924 and the early months of 1925, Zinoviev and Kamenev did not regard Stalin highly as a revolutionary theorist, and often disparaged him in private even
203:
in 1928. Trotsky was expelled from the Soviet Union in
February 1929 and lived the rest of his life in exile. With Trotsky, Stalin then pivoted to form an alliance with the party's right wing. Using his position as General Secretary, Stalin began to fill the Soviet bureaucracy with loyalists. After
190:
and played an indispensable role during the Russian Civil War. Stalin feuded with Trotsky quietly, to appear as "The Golden Centre Man". Prior to the Revolution, Trotsky frequently snubbed Stalin, mocked his lack of education, and questioned his effectiveness as a revolutionary. Stalin's theory of
766:
to merge with the Kuomintang (KMT) Nationalists to bring about a bourgeois revolution before attempting to bring about a Soviet-style working-class revolution. Stalin believed that the KMT bourgeoisie, together with all patriotic national liberation forces in the country, would defeat the western
645:
in October 1924, which Bukharin soon elaborated upon to give it a theoretical justification. Zinoviev and Kamenev suddenly found themselves in a minority at the Fourteenth Party Conference in April 1925, over their belief that socialism could only be achieved internationally, which resulted in the
533:
Lenin died on 21 January 1924. Stalin was given the honour of organizing his funeral. Upon Lenin's death, Stalin was officially hailed as his successor as the leader of the ruling Communist Party and of the Soviet Union itself. Against Lenin's wishes, he was given a lavish funeral and his body was
721:
in December 1925, Stalin openly attacked Kamenev and Zinoviev, revealing that they had asked for his aid in expelling Trotsky from the Communist Party. Stalin's revelation made Zinoviev, in particular, very unpopular with many inside the Communist Party. Trotsky remained silent throughout this
486:
assesses that Krupskaya, working in tandem with Trotsky, may have written it in an effort to discredit Stalin and remove him from his role in the government. However, most historians consider the document to be an accurate reflection of Lenin's views. Various historians have also cited Lenin's
712:
and adventurist during the succession struggle when in fact Trotsky encouraged revolutions in Europe but was not at any time proposing “reckless confrontations” with the capitalist world. With Trotsky mostly sidelined with a persistent illness during 1925, Zinoviev and Kamenev then formed the
367:
argued for the trade unions to be incorporated more and more into the workers' state, and for the workers' state to completely control the industrial sectors. Lenin's position was one where the trade unions were subordinate to the workers' state, but separate, with Lenin accusing Trotsky of
818:
334:
that followed, Stalin forged connections with various Red Army generals and eventually acquired military powers of his own. He brutally suppressed counter-revolutionaries and bandits. After winning the Civil War, the Bolsheviks moved to expand the Revolution into Europe, starting with
1735:
and Zinoviev were arrested and, to escape long prison sentences, confessed to political and moral responsibility for Kirov's murder. In January 1935, Zinoviev was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment, and Kamenev was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment. Stalin sanctioned the formation of
408:
of 1924). It was in the Georgian affairs that Stalin first began to play his own hand. Lenin, however, disliked Stalin's policy towards Georgia, as he believed that all Soviet states should be on equal standing with Russia, rather than be absorbed and subordinated to Russia.
740:
During the years of 1926 and 1927, Soviet policy toward the Chinese Revolution became the ideological line of demarcation between Stalin and the United Opposition. The Chinese Revolution began on 10 October 1911, resulting in the abdication of the Chinese Emperor,
230:
Before his 1913-1917 exile in Siberia, Stalin was one of the Bolshevik operatives in the Caucasus, organizing cells, spreading propaganda, and raising money through criminal activities. Stalin also formed the Outfit, a criminal gang that were involved with
4183:
649:
According to Rogovin, Zinoviev would later lambast Stalin with the words, “Does comrade Stalin know what gratitude is ?”, as a reminder that Kamenev and himself had saved him from political downfall with the censure of Lenin's testament during the
58:
753:. In reality, however, the Republic controlled very little of the country. Much of China was divided between various regional warlords. The Republican government established a new "nationalist people's army and a national people's party" — the
225:
838:
in January 1928 and was exiled from the Soviet Union itself in February 1929, sent into exile in Turkey. From his exile, Trotsky continued to oppose Stalin, right up until Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico on Stalin's orders in August 1940.
1932:
had written an endless stream of letters of repentance and admiration to Stalin. However, Stalin knew that Bukharin's repentance was insincere, as in private Bukharin continued to criticize Stalin and seek out other opponents of Stalin (the
529:
in April 1923. Although Zinoviev and Kamenev were disconcerted by Stalin's power and some of his policies, they needed Stalin's help in opposing Trotsky's faction and to prevent Trotsky's possible succession to Lenin in a power struggle.
140:. This decision led to the creation of the office of the General Secretary which Stalin assumed on 3 April. Stalin soon learned how to use his new office to gain advantages over key persons within the party. He prepared the agenda for the
943:
918:
468:
917:, a position which alienated Bukharin and the Right Opposition, but which appeared close to what the Left Opposition had advocated before they were banned. Stalin accused Bukharin of factionalism and capitalist tendencies. The other
212:. Stalin defeated his opponents within the party by 1928, ending internal power struggles. From 1929 onwards Stalin's leadership over the party and state was established and he remained undisputed leader of the USSR until his death.
1964:
members also started to openly condemn the excesses of the NKVD under Yezhov's leadership, all of which gave the signal that Yezhov was falling from Stalin's favour. Yezhov eventually suffered a nervous breakdown and resigned as
454:
On 25 May 1922, Lenin suffered a stroke while recovering from surgery to remove a bullet lodged in his neck since a failed assassination attempt in August 1918. Severely debilitated, he went into semi-retirement and moved to his
376:
in March 1921. Frustrated by the squabbling factions within the Communist Party during what he saw as a time of crisis, Lenin convinced the Tenth Congress to pass a ban on any opposition to official Central Committee policy (the
928:. In the summer of 1930, Stalin exposed Kalinin's embezzlement of state funds, which he spent on a mistress. Kalinin begged forgiveness and effectively submitted himself to Stalin. In September 1930, Stalin proposed dismissing
1956:. He appointed Yezhov Commissar of Water Transport in April 1938 (a similar demotion had happened to Yezhov's predecessor, Yagoda, shortly before he was fired). Stalin began ordering the executions of Yezhov's protégés in the
892:
were emboldened and exerted much greater economic pressure on the Soviet government in the months afterwards. In January 1928, Stalin personally travelled to Siberia where he oversaw the seizure of grain stockpiles from
761:
was planned to smash the power of the warlords of the northern part of the country. This Northern Expedition became a point of contention over foreign policy by Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin tried to persuade the small
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909:. Bukharin was unable to rally sufficient support from the higher levels of the Communist Party to oppose Stalin. By the latter months of 1928, a critical shortfall in grain supplies prompted Stalin to push for
546:
in May 1924, it was read out only to the heads of the provincial delegations. Trotsky did not want to appear divisive so soon after Lenin's death and did not seize the opportunity to demand Stalin's removal.
729:. The United Opposition demanded, among other things, greater freedom of expression within the Communist Party and less bureaucracy. In October 1926, Stalin's supporters voted Trotsky out of the Politburo.
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had funding from the rich merchants, and that his forces were to be utilized until squeezed for all usefulness like a lemon before being discarded. However, Chiang quickly reversed the tables in the
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led a group of his own supporters. In this environment, Stalin painted himself as a moderate labeling his faction "the centre" while quietly building alliances with both sides in the mid-1920s.
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conspiracy and sentenced to death; they were executed on the night of 11 to 12 June 1937, immediately after the verdict delivered by a Special Session (специальное судебное присутствие) of the
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1922:
757:. In 1920, the Kuomintang opened relations with Soviet Russia. With Soviet help, the Republic of China built up the nationalist people's army. With the development of the nationalist army, a
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and the Commissariat for Nationalities Affairs, though he agreed to delegate his workload to subordinates. With this power, he would steadily place his supporters in positions of authority.
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seminary. After being discovered in possession of radical literature, Stalin was expelled in 1899. He devoted himself to revolutionary activities and became a member of the anti-tsarist,
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in Western Europe. However, Trotsky's opposition and criticism of the ruling troika received support from several, Central Committee members of foreign communist parties. This included
70:
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1749:) that there would be no executions or persecution of their families if they confessed to conspiring with Trotsky. Stalin's promise was soon broken. A few weeks later, after a trial,
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Joseph Stalin, "The Prospects of Revolution in China" a speech to the Chinese Commission of the Executive Committee of the Communist International on 30 November 1926" contained in
1011:
502:. One of Lenin's secretaries showed Stalin the notes, whose contents shocked him. On 9 March 1923, Lenin suffered his most debilitating stroke, which ended his political career.
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1811:
141:
2025:
growth of a Soviet bureaucracy which served as a power base for Stalin. Other historians have regarded the premature deaths of prominent Bolsheviks such as Vladimir Lenin and
1949:
of treachery. Bukharin and Rykov confessed to conspiring against Stalin and were executed on 15 March 1938, on the same day that former NKVD chief, Yagoda, was also executed.
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3136:
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718:
263:". Stalin eventually earned a place in Lenin's inner circle and the highest echelons of the Bolshevik hierarchy. His pseudonym, Stalin, means "man of the steel hand". The
942:
After 1930, open criticism of Stalin within the Communist Party was virtually non-existent, though Stalin continued to hunt for discreet dissenters. Stalin dominated the
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and others about politics; this greatly offended Lenin. As their relationship deteriorated, Lenin dictated increasingly disparaging notes on Stalin in what would become
1745:
was now accused of being the leading mastermind in Kirov's murder. As in claimed by Montefiore, in July 1936, Stalin promised Kamenev and Zinoviev (through NKVD chief,
543:
526:
772:"He is an unprincipled intriguer, who subordinates everything to the preservation of his own power. He changes his theory according to whom he needs to get rid of."
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members sided with Stalin, and labelled Bukharin a "Right Deviationist" from Marxist–Leninist principles. Bukharin was ejected from the Politburo in November 1929.
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1436:
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and grew closer to Lenin, who saw him as tough and loyal, capable of getting things done behind the scenes. Stalin played a decisive role in engineering the 1921
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100:, whom he finally met in 1905. Tasked with raising money, Stalin resorted to criminal activity, Stalin took a leading role in the planning and execution of the
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2048:(March–April 1922), in which Lenin, due to his poor health, participated only sporadically, and only attended four of the twelve sessions of the Congress.
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255:" but issued formal commands to the rest of the Outfit members through his bodyguard. Montefiore also described Stalin during this formative period as a "
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1980:, Stalin also had suppressed thousands of foreign communists capable of leading socialist change in their respective, countries. Sixteen members of the
109:
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meetings, directing the course of meetings. As General Secretary, he appointed new local party leaders, establishing a patronage network loyal to him.
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82:
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to have been key factors in his elevation to the position of leadership in the Soviet Union. In part, because Sverdlov served as the original
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Sergei Kirov, Lazar Kaganovich, Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Josef Stalin and Anastas Mikoyan on the Kremlin grounds after the May Day parade in 1932.
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had denounced Bukharin as a traitor during their trial. At the December 1936 plenum of the Central Committee, Yezhov accused Bukharin and
905:
were outraged. Bukharin criticized Stalin's plans for rapid industrialization financed by kulak wealth, and advocated a return to Lenin's
368:"bureaucratically nagging the trade unions". Fearing a backlash from the trade unions, Lenin asked Stalin to build a support base in the
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According to political scientist Baruch Knei-Paz, Trotsky’s theory of “permanent revolution” was grossly misrepresented by Stalin as
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306:
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In early 1926, Zinoviev and Kamenev drew closer to Trotsky and the Left Opposition, forming an alliance that became known as the
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continued to expand the lists of suspects to include all the old oppositionists as well as entire nationalities, such as the
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935:, who was Bukharin's fellow oppositionist. The other Politburo members agreed with Stalin, and supported his nomination of
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In 1922, Lenin's health was rapidly deteriorating alongside his relationship with Stalin. Lenin and Trotsky had formed a
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Stalin began his political activity after being exposed to Marxism and other left-wing thinkers while studying in a
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654:. Stalin responded with the words: “But of course I know, I know very well - it’s an illness that afflicts dogs”.
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alliance to counter bureaucratisation of the party and the growing influence of Stalin. Lenin wrote a pamphlet, "
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2012:, Stalin is considered one of the worst and most notorious figures in modern history. Biographer and historian
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had failed. Moreover, these attempted revolutions led to an anti-communist atmosphere which fueled the rise of
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in March 1922, with Stalin officially starting in the post on 3 April 1922. Stalin still held his posts in the
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641:, whom Stalin had promoted to the Politburo at the Thirteenth Party Congress. Stalin proposed the theory of
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to oppose Trotsky in the party apparatus. Defeating Trotsky was difficult as he had a prominent role in the
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in 1924, the party was thrown into chaos and a vicious power struggle began. Stalin, through his office as
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1723:. The death of this popular, high-profile politician shocked Russia, and Stalin used this murder to begin
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Trotsky attributed his appointment to the position of General Secretary to the initial recommendation of
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were dismissed from the army, 10,868 were arrested and 7,211 were condemned for anti-Soviet crimes.
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3168:. Vol. 1 of Asia's transformations (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 233.
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155:", urging the party to remove Stalin as General Secretary fearing his authoritarianism. When
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89:
3205:
2678:(July 1989), Ethnicity in the Soviet Union: Analytical Perceptions and Political Strategies.
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Knight, Ami W. (1991), Beria and the Cult of Stalin: Rewriting Transcaucasian Party History.
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392:. Following the invasion, Stalin adopted particularly hardline, centralist policies towards
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3245:. Vol. 2 of A History of Russia (2, illustrated ed.). Anthem Press. p. 282.
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from April 3, 1922 until the official (and temporary) abolition of the office during the
554:, Stalin was jubilant over Lenin's death while “publicly putting on the mask of grief”.
482:
The veracity of Lenin dictating the writing of this letter has been disputed. Historian
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On the Precipice: Stalin, the Red Army Leadership and the Road to Stalingrad, 1931-1942
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939:. On December 19, the Central Committee dismissed Rykov and replaced him with Molotov.
807:
646:
triumvirate splitting up. This saw a strengthening of Stalin's alliance with Bukharin.
551:
483:
443:
289:
240:
148:
97:
2223:
2040:. This view has been supported by several historians. According to Russian historian,
1663:
791:
by massacring the Communist Party in Shanghai midway through the Northern Expedition.
435:
5538:
5355:
5315:
5111:
5004:
4999:
4855:
4778:
4744:
4507:
4502:
4388:
4135:
4020:
3198:
3013:
2675:
2187:
2041:
1977:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1843:
1780:
1769:
1544:
1334:
1154:
1109:
1056:
1041:
678:
439:
179:
38:
1988:
became victims of Stalinist terror. Repressive measures were also enforced upon the
1707:
5411:
5307:
5126:
4867:
4652:
4562:
4423:
2385:
2368:
2017:
1946:
1839:
1742:
1716:
1366:
1346:
1204:
932:
902:
878:
862:
702:
518:
472:
393:
364:
348:
312:
293:
236:
232:
172:
78:
2156:"First impressions matter: Stalin's initial encounter with Lenin, Tammerfors 1905"
1937:
wiretapped Bukharin's telephone). Shortly before their executions in August 1936,
4066:
3696:
2459:
946:(the policy-making branch of the Communist Party) through staunch allies such as
226:
Joseph Stalin in the Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, and Polish-Soviet War
5144:
4970:
4657:
1938:
1855:
1835:
1804:
1750:
1737:
1732:
1599:
1564:
1329:
1214:
1209:
1091:
971:
746:
567:
510:
506:
491:
as evidence that he intended Trotsky to be his successor as head of government.
401:
343:. As joint commander of an army in Ukraine and later in Poland itself, Stalin's
275:
25 October 1917), which saw the transfer of all political power to the Soviets.
924:
Stalin's agricultural policies were also criticized by fellow Politburo member
806:, the United Opposition held a demonstration in Red Square, Moscow, along with
178:
Stalin then pivoted to focus on Trotsky. Stalin forged an alliance with fellow
5121:
4769:
4455:
4334:
3026:
Isaac Deutscher, "Stalin - a Political Biography", 2nd edition, 1961, Swedish
2997:
2369:"Казачкова З.М., Казиев С.В. Конституционная экономика: от идеи до воплощения"
2171:
2033:
and was considered a natural candidate for the position of General Secretary.
1823:
1779:– which was filled with Old Bolsheviks and ethnicities he distrusted, such as
1594:
1461:
1386:
777:
Bukharin in conversations with Kamenev on Stalin's theoretical position, 1928.
754:
534:
embalmed and put on display. Thanks to Kamenev and Zinoviev's influence, the
50:
3005:
2759:
2394:
2179:
2108:
4749:
4640:
4497:
4435:
2981:
2155:
2021:
1911:
1371:
988:
709:
268:
256:
129:
2409:"The Left Opposition : Lenin Trotsky and Stalin : Orlando Figes"
4692:
4403:
1903:
1854:, who committed suicide before the investigations began) were accused of
1819:
1803:, with Yezhov overseeing the most brutally oppressive period of Stalin's
1569:
1361:
835:
316:
260:
187:
121:
46:
3779:
The Revolution Betrayed: What is the Soviet Union and where is it Going?
2116:
2092:
1917:
1651:
4428:
4253:
4248:
4068:
Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography, 1888–1938
2767:
2747:
666:
592: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
424:
420:
369:
340:
244:
3563:
Caught Between Roosevelt & Stalin: America's Ambassadors to Moscow
1579:
889:
336:
42:
2541:. New York : Alfred A. Knopf. pp. xii, xxix, 10, 151–153.
3903:
Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years
3537:
Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years
3046:
Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years
2957:
Was There an Alternative? Trotskyism: a Look Back Through the Years
388:
in February and March 1921, at a time when Georgia was the biggest
372:
against bureaucratism. Lenin's faction eventually prevailed at the
4647:
1916:
1895:
1706:
1574:
894:
885:
852:
816:
731:
619:
456:
434:
49:
as well as an influential member and eventually the leader of the
29:
897:
farmers. Many in the Communist Party supported the seizures, but
884:
After the United Opposition was prohibited in December 1927, the
4104:
1969:
chief on 23 November 1938. Yezhov was replaced as NKVD chief by
1966:
1957:
1934:
1792:
1784:
1776:
742:
381:, a law which Stalin would later exploit to expel his enemies).
4108:
2568:. New York : Alfred A. Knopf. pp. xxix, 10, 151–153.
128:. His successes in Georgia propelled him into the ranks of the
2868:. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall. p. 162.
2433:"Factionalism - Red Press - The University of Chicago Library"
561:
4147:
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2347:] (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Tiden. pp. 198–199.
1812:
The Case of the Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
1764:, a fervent Stalinist and a believer in violent repression.
120:. Stalin was one of the Bolsheviks' chief operatives in the
3108:
Compilation Group for the "History of Modern China Series,
2329:
Salisbury, p.266-269 (the book has numerous illustrations.)
1894:. Only Ulrikh, Budyonny and Shaposhnikov would survive the
247:. According to Montefiore, Stalin socialised with hitmen “
1906:. In September 1938, the People's Commissar for Defence,
1731:
and his supporters to be responsible for Kirov's murder.
134:
11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
4184:
Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, Polish–Soviet War
4153:
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
3617:
Visual Histories of Occupation: A Transcultural Dialogue
3125:(Suren Dutt Publishers: Calcutta, India, 1970) pp. 5–21.
1799:, and replaced him with the more aggressive and zealous
2044:, Stalin's election to the position occurred after the
629:
as they had aided him publicly against Trotsky and the
359:
In late 1920, with the crises in society following the
5216:
List of awards and honours bestowed upon Joseph Stalin
4090:. Translated by Stuart Britton. Helion & Company.
3877:
Joseph Stalin: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2309:] (in Swedish). Rabén & Sjögren. p. 264.
783:
only ones capable of defeating the imperialists, that
27:
Events leading to his dictatorship of the Soviet Union
1741:
and Zinoviev were interrogated again, and the exiled
657:
By 1925, Trotsky's foreign policy was disgraced. All
4663:
Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization
1760:
Spearheading Stalin's purges was a Commissar called
915:
industrialisation and central control of the economy
802:
On 7 November 1927, on the tenth anniversary of the
5431:
5292:
5274:
5178:
5090:
5025:
4911:
4581:
4490:
4222:
4171:
4162:
1432:
Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
624:
Stalin walks in the streets of Moscow in the 1920s.
136:in 1922, the leaders decided to expand the party's
4948:Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia
3874:Marples, David R.; Hurska, Alla (23 August 2022).
3197:
1902:trial triggered a massive subsequent purge of the
1791:. In September 1936, Stalin fired the head of the
3566:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 6, 271.
3204:(2 ed.). Stanford University Press. p.
2811:Molotov and Soviet Government: Sovnarkom, 1930-41
2725:. Manchester University Press. pp. 137–239.
1775:Stalin distrusted the Soviet secret police – the
1727:. Within hours of Kirov's death, Stalin declared
693:which was led by prominent theoreticians such as
415:successfully had Stalin appointed to the post of
384:Stalin played a decisive role in engineering the
3530:
3528:
3072:The Social and Political Thought of Leon Trotsky
1928:Since his falling out with Stalin in 1928–1929,
505:During Lenin's semi-retirement, Stalin forged a
5056:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
3850:The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life
3112:(Foreign Languages Press: Peking, 1976) p. 153.
2595:. New York : Alfred A. Knopf. p. 87.
2020:character of Stalinism and its suppression of "
1910:, reported that a total of 37,761 officers and
823:Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union
770:
400:of 1922), not to mention any manifestations of
3929:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
3099:(Alfred A. Knopf Inc.: New York, 1992) p. 454.
2986:Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions
2460:https://www.johndclare.net/Rempel_Stalin10.htm
4631:Demolition of Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
4533:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
4394:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
4120:
3048:. Mehring Books. pp. 139, 249, 268–269.
1688:
1012:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
370:Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate (Rabkrin)
96:(RSDLP). Stalin joined the Bolsheviks led by
8:
4591:1906 Bolshevik raid on the Tsarevich Giorgi
3593:. Cambridge University Press. p. 402.
3452:"Famous Pictures Magazine - Altered Images"
2644:Robert Service. Stalin: A Biography. 2004.
5017:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
4168:
4127:
4113:
4105:
3495:
3483:
3471:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3377:
3353:
3341:
2892:Stalin's Library: A Dictator and his Books
2680:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1973:. Yezhov was executed on 4 February 1940.
1695:
1681:
1275:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
975:
4601:National delimitation in the Soviet Union
4573:Backwardness brings on beatings by others
3880:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 270.
3806:Stalin and Stalinism: Revised 3rd Edition
2895:. Yale University Press. pp. 62–64.
2512:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190233044.001.0001
2384:
1477:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
608:Learn how and when to remove this message
471:orders by helping Lenin communicate with
355:Invasion of Georgia and General Secretary
347:were later criticized by many, including
112:. He also took military positions in the
4543:Great Construction Projects of Communism
2841:. New York, Vintage Books. p. 135.
2784:The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia
2748:"We Are Starting to Learn about Trotsky"
821:Stalin during a speech with a member of
4959:Alleged 19 August 1939 speech
3674:. Oxford University Press. p. ix.
3647:. Harvard University Press. p. 3.
3519:
3507:
3401:
3389:
3365:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:
2915:
2838:The prophet unarmed: Trotsky, 1921-1929
2746:Danilov, Victor; Porter, Cathy (1990).
2615:
2064:Montefiore, Simon Sebag (27 May 2010).
2056:
987:
4994:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
3803:Mccauley, Martin (13 September 2013).
3698:Three "whys" of the Russian Revolution
3587:Creveld, Martin van (26 August 1999).
3165:China in war and revolution, 1895–1949
2787:. Yale University Press. p. 438.
2482:
2471:
2277:The Prophet Unarmed: Trotsky 1921-1929
1757:were both executed on 25 August 1936.
1270:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
913:. Stalin began pushing for more rapid
110:People's Commissariat of Nationalities
55:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
4044:Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929–1941
4016:Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928
3614:Taylor, Jeremy E. (28 January 2021).
3138:The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union
2889:Roberts, Geoffrey (8 February 2022).
2781:Daniels, Robert V. (1 October 2008).
339:, which was fighting the Red Army in
267:took place in the Russian capital of
108:, Stalin was appointed leader of the
94:Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
7:
5077:22nd Congress of the Communist Party
5035:20th Congress of the Communist Party
4478:19th Congress of the Communist Party
4315:18th Congress of the Communist Party
4280:17th Congress of the Communist Party
3847:Brackman, Roman (23 November 2004).
3752:Communism: A Very Short Introduction
3722:Kuromiya, Hiroaki (16 August 2013).
3620:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 239.
2928:Kuromiya, Hiroaki (16 August 2013).
2247:Mccauley, Martin (4 February 2014).
2093:"Joseph Stalin—Russia's Ruler Today"
1862:. The Tribunal was presided over by
1437:All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks
1407:20th Congress of the Communist Party
590:adding citations to reliable sources
430:
5011:Marxism and Problems of Linguistics
4235:Anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)
3535:Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021).
3044:Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021).
2955:Rogovin, Vadim Zakharovich (2021).
2503:The "Russian" Civil Wars, 1916—1926
425:Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate
67:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
5158:Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
4977:The History of the Communist Party
4796:Soviet offensive plans controversy
4761:Ideological repression in science
4305:1937 Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang
3560:Dunn, Dennis J. (1 January 1998).
1976:According to Trotskyist historian
1263:The History of the Communist Party
659:revolutionary movements in Germany
542:should not be made public. At the
25:
5550:Rises to prominence by individual
5196:Generalissimo of the Soviet Union
4927:Marxism and the National Question
3940:Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
3833:Writings of Leon Trotsky: 1936-37
3782:. Mehring Books. pp. 85–98.
3749:Holmes, Leslie (27 August 2009).
3590:The Rise and Decline of the State
3274:Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
3135:Sakwa, Richard (17 August 2005).
2303:De ryska revolutionerna 1900-1930
2031:chairman of the party secretariat
689:and the Central Committee of the
550:According to Stalin's secretary,
489:Vice-chairman of the Soviet Union
487:proposal to appoint Trotsky as a
5519:
5518:
4836:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
4300:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
3075:. Clarendon Press. p. 343.
2980:Payne, Stanley G. (2000-12-01).
2589:Sebag Montefiore, Simon (2007).
2562:Sebag Montefiore, Simon (2007).
2535:Sebag Montefiore, Simon (2007).
1662:
1650:
1638:
1280:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
1265:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
995:
877:, Upper row, second from right:
566:
305:
282:
5221:Statue of Joseph Stalin, Berlin
4357:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
4347:Occupation of the Baltic states
3242:A history of Russia: Since 1855
3123:J. Stalin on Chinese Revolution
2865:Russia in the twentieth century
2692:Suny, Ronald (25 August 2020).
911:collectivisation of agriculture
789:Shanghai massacre of April 1927
577:needs additional citations for
195:" was a contrast to Trotsky's "
3836:. Pathfinder Press. p. 9.
3755:. OUP Oxford. pp. 10–15.
3539:. Mehring Books. p. 380.
3227:trotsky squeezed lemon chiang.
2959:. Mehring Books. p. 257.
2808:Watson, Derek (27 July 2016).
2682:, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 409–424.
2666:, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 749–763.
2500:Smele, Jonathan (2016-02-15).
2386:10.7256/1811-9018.2013.13.9341
2345:Stalin - a Political Biography
2307:Russia in Revolution 1900-1930
2202:Stalin - a Political Biography
1467:Communist Party of New Zealand
1457:Italian Marxist–Leninist Party
1:
5062:Gomulka thaw (Polish October)
4873:1946–1947 Soviet famine
4446:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
3905:. Mehring Books. p. 61.
3671:Stalin: A Political Biography
3200:Moscow and Chinese Communists
2204:, 2nd edition, 1961, Swedish
2154:Himmer, Robert (2001-12-01).
1807:from late 1936 to late 1938.
243:, arms procurement and child
5211:1956 Georgian demonstrations
4086:Mezhiritskiy, Peter (2012).
3196:Robert Carver North (1963).
2862:Dziewanowski, M. K. (2003).
2719:Edele, Mark (11 June 2020).
2341:Stalin: En politisk biografi
2301:Salisbury, Harrison (1978).
1952:Stalin eventually turned on
1377:Chinese Communist Revolution
849:Stalin's cult of personality
431:Lenin's retirement and death
386:Red Army invasion of Georgia
126:Red Army invasion of Georgia
81:from January 21, 1924 until
5226:Stalin Monument in Budapest
4893:Night of the Murdered Poets
4811:Allegations of antisemitism
4548:Engineers of the human soul
4295:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
4271:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
4071:. Oxford University Press.
3988:. New York: Belknap Press.
3701:. Pimlico. pp. 63–65.
2698:. Verso Books. p. 59.
2506:. Oxford University Press.
1921:Stalin during the break at
1397:Death and funeral of Stalin
1077:Soviet socialist patriotism
525:from being revealed to the
222:Early life of Joseph Stalin
167:", and the trade unionist "
18:Stalin's rise to power
5566:
5266:Stalin Bloc – For the USSR
5236:Joseph Stalin Museum, Gori
4384:Soviet atomic bomb project
3926:
3853:. Routledge. p. 136.
3450:Lucas, Dean (2012-09-03).
3141:. Routledge. p. 165.
2250:The Soviet Union 1917-1991
2222:Sturm, Sean (2022-05-16).
1492:Stalin Bloc — For the USSR
1447:Communist Party of Germany
1352:Soviet atomic bomb project
969:
846:
219:
5514:
5246:Places named after Stalin
5231:Stalin Monument in Prague
4755:Repressions in Azerbaijan
4473:1950 legislative election
4399:1946 legislative election
4310:1937 legislative election
4142:
3809:. Routledge. p. 35.
3728:. Routledge. p. 70.
3668:Deutscher, Isaac (1967).
3162:Peter Gue Zarrow (2005).
3069:Knei-Paz, Baruch (1978).
2998:10.1080/14690760008406938
2934:. Routledge. p. 60.
2835:Deutscher, Isaac (1965).
2339:Deutscher, Isaac (1961).
2274:Deutscher, Isaac (2003).
2253:. Routledge. p. 59.
2172:10.1080/09546540108575740
1860:Supreme Court of the USSR
1452:Communist Party of Greece
843:Stalin turns on the Right
719:Fourteenth Party Congress
544:Thirteenth Party Congress
521:. These allies prevented
34:Stalin in custody in 1908
5067:Soviet Nonconformist Art
4983:1936 Soviet Constitution
4636:Soviet famine of 1932–33
4596:1907 Tiflis bank robbery
4568:Transformation of nature
4553:1936 Soviet Constitution
4513:Socialism in One Country
4352:German–Soviet Axis talks
3641:Service, Robert (2005).
3272:Simon Sebag Montefiore.
2814:. Springer. p. 25.
1482:National Bolshevik Party
1472:Romanian Communist Party
1442:Albanian Party of Labour
1087:Transformation of nature
1067:Socialism in one country
643:Socialism in One Country
319:and a key figure in the
193:Socialism in One Country
186:. Trotsky developed the
102:1907 Tiflis bank robbery
41:started his career as a
5191:Iosif Stalin locomotive
4934:Foundations of Leninism
4920:Anarchism or Socialism?
4801:Hitler Youth Conspiracy
4668:NKVD prisoner massacres
4320:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4209:Death and state funeral
3958:Montefiore, Simon Sebag
3936:Montefiore, Simon Sebag
3901:Rogovin, Vadim (2021).
3695:Pipes, Richard (1998).
2982:"Fascism and Communism"
2379:(13): 1916–1922. 2013.
2046:Eleventh Party Congress
1555:Authoritarian socialism
1525:Stalin and antisemitism
1258:Foundations of Leninism
767:imperialists in China.
764:Chinese Communist Party
745:, on 12 February 1912.
717:against Stalin. At the
494:According to historian
5399:(second father-in-law)
4653:Murder of Sergey Kirov
4528:Stalinist architecture
4414:Turkish Straits crisis
3830:Trotsky, Leon (1970).
3776:Trotsky, Leon (1991).
3110:The Revolution of 1911
2224:"Lenin Against Stalin"
2091:DAVIS, JEROME (1929).
1986:German Communist Party
1925:
1884:Ivan Panfilovich Belov
1866:and included marshals
1712:
1540:Stalinist architecture
1180:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
881:
830:
774:
737:
691:Polish Communist Party
687:French Communist Party
625:
527:Twelfth Party Congress
451:
296:and the leader of the
35:
5420:William Wesley Peters
4965:Falsifiers of History
4888:Rootless cosmopolitan
4194:Rule as Soviet leader
3320:, p. 260, ch. 23
3308:, p. 258, ch. 23
3296:, p. 259, ch. 23
2413:www.orlandofiges.info
2280:. Verso. p. 63.
2070:. Orion. p. 15.
1920:
1710:
1615:Soviet–Albanian split
1550:Anti-Soviet agitation
1520:Rise of Joseph Stalin
856:
820:
735:
623:
517:in May 1922, against
438:
220:Further information:
132:in late 1921. At the
33:
5441:Stalin's house, Gori
5372:Yevgeny Dzhugashvili
5300:Besarion Jughashvili
5241:Batumi Stalin Museum
5152:Nineteen Eighty-Four
4903:Censorship of images
4582:Crimes, repressions,
4285:1931 Menshevik Trial
4266:First five-year plan
3239:Walter Moss (2005).
2722:Debates on Stalinism
2437:www.lib.uchicago.edu
2160:Revolutionary Russia
1874:and Army Commanders
1816:Mikhail Tukhachevsky
1814:took place. Marshal
1715:On 1 December 1934,
1657:Socialism portal
1645:Communism portal
1560:Comparison to Nazism
1310:First five-year plan
1115:Yemelyan Yaroslavsky
869:(Lower row, middle:
586:improve this article
442:visiting the ailing
390:Menshevik stronghold
374:Tenth Party Congress
271:on 7 November 1917 (
206:First Five Year Plan
197:Permanent Revolution
73:in October 1952 and
5433:Stalin's residences
5380:Galina Dzhugashvili
5364:Svetlana Alliluyeva
5348:Nadezhda Alliluyeva
5275:Cultural depictions
5117:Anti-Stalinist left
5072:Shvernik Commission
5040:Pospelov Commission
4816:Population transfer
4791:1941 Red Army purge
4765:Suppressed research
4419:First Indochina War
4362:Great Patriotic War
4340:Moscow Peace Treaty
4204:Cult of personality
3985:Stalin: A Biography
3964:. New York: Knopf.
3942:. New York: Knopf.
3644:Stalin: A Biography
3095:Sterling Seagrave,
2131:"Stalin: 1879-1944"
1898:that followed. The
1669:Politics portal
1605:Sino-Albanian split
1585:National Bolshevism
1510:Anti-Stalinist left
1382:First Indochina War
1140:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
1027:Cult of personality
948:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
867:12th Party Congress
759:Northern Expedition
695:Maksymilian Horwitz
652:Thirteenth Congress
558:Downfall of Trotsky
210:New Economic Policy
71:19th Party Congress
57:. He served as the
5404:Alexander Svanidze
5332:Konstantin Kuzakov
5324:Yakov Dzhugashvili
5283:Apocalypse: Stalin
5256:Stalin Peace Prize
5251:State Stalin Prize
4954:"Ten Blows" speech
4941:Dizzy with Success
4851:Operation "Priboi"
4831:Operation "Lentil"
4784:1937 Soviet Census
4463:Sino-Soviet Treaty
4377:Potsdam Conference
4330:Invasion of Poland
2457:www.johndclare.net
1926:
1880:Boris Shaposhnikov
1822:military officers
1713:
1590:National communism
1225:Vladimir Kryuchkov
1150:Vyacheslav Molotov
1145:Valerian Kuybyshev
1120:Kliment Voroshilov
960:Kliment Voroshilov
956:Vyacheslav Molotov
937:Vyacheslav Molotov
882:
831:
827:Gazanfar Musabekov
812:Nadezhda Krupskaya
804:October Revolution
738:
671:Christian Rakovsky
626:
465:Nadezhda Krupskaya
452:
345:actions in the war
321:October Revolution
265:October Revolution
184:October Revolution
106:October Revolution
85:on March 5, 1953.
36:
5532:
5531:
5489:Kholodnaya Rechka
5186:Iosif Stalin tank
5107:Lenin's Testament
5082:Era of Stagnation
4883:Mingrelian Affair
4861:Forced settlement
4846:Operation "North"
4806:Soviet war crimes
4584:and controversies
4523:Socialist realism
4486:
4485:
4468:Tito–Stalin split
4367:Tehran Conference
4290:Spanish Civil War
4261:Chinese Civil War
4063:Cohen, Stephen F.
4054:978-0-7139-9945-7
3995:978-0-330-41913-0
3949:978-0-7538-1766-7
3912:978-1-893638-97-6
3887:978-1-5381-3361-3
3860:978-1-135-75840-0
3816:978-1-317-86369-4
3789:978-0-929087-48-1
3762:978-0-19-955154-5
3735:978-1-317-86780-7
3708:978-0-7126-7362-4
3681:978-0-14-020757-6
3654:978-0-674-01697-2
3627:978-1-350-14220-6
3600:978-0-521-65629-0
3573:978-0-8131-7074-9
3546:978-1-893638-97-6
3148:978-1-134-80602-7
3082:978-0-19-827234-2
3055:978-1-893638-97-6
2966:978-1-893638-97-6
2941:978-1-317-86780-7
2902:978-0-300-26559-0
2875:978-0-13-097852-3
2848:978-0-394-70747-1
2821:978-1-349-24848-3
2794:978-0-300-13493-3
2732:978-1-5261-4895-7
2705:978-1-78873-074-7
2650:978-0-330-41913-0
2602:978-1-4000-4465-8
2575:978-1-4000-4465-8
2548:978-1-4000-4465-8
2521:978-0-19-023304-4
2481:Missing or empty
2287:978-1-85984-446-5
2260:978-1-317-90179-2
2200:Isaac Deutscher,
2077:978-0-297-86384-7
1982:Central Committee
1828:Ieronim Uborevich
1705:
1704:
1620:Tito–Stalin split
1610:Sino–Soviet split
1342:Spanish Civil War
1325:Industrialisation
1252:Theoretical works
1220:Nicolae Ceauşescu
1200:Nikos Zachariadis
1125:William Z. Foster
1072:Socialist realism
799:in October 1927.
797:Central Committee
751:Republic of China
727:United Opposition
679:Ukraine Sovnarkom
618:
617:
610:
540:Lenin's Testament
536:Central Committee
523:Lenin's Testament
500:General Secretary
417:General Secretary
361:Russian Civil War
332:Russian Civil War
315:, founder of the
292:, founder of the
208:, abandoning the
161:General Secretary
153:Lenin's Testament
138:Central Committee
118:Polish-Soviet War
114:Russian Civil War
63:Central Committee
59:General Secretary
16:(Redirected from
5557:
5522:
5521:
5424:
5416:
5408:
5407:(brother-in-law)
5400:
5396:Sergei Alliluyev
5392:
5388:Joseph Alliluyev
5384:
5376:
5368:
5360:
5352:
5344:
5336:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5304:
5206:Pantheon, Moscow
5164:The Soviet Story
5138:Darkness at Noon
5027:De-Stalinization
4878:Leningrad Affair
4611:Decossackization
4409:1946 Iran crisis
4372:Yalta Conference
4244:Collectivization
4169:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4106:
4101:
4082:
4058:
4034:
3999:
3975:
3953:
3917:
3916:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3532:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:. Famous Picture
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3203:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3041:
3035:
3024:
3018:
3017:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2752:History Workshop
2743:
2737:
2736:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2695:Red Flag Wounded
2689:
2683:
2673:
2667:
2658:
2652:
2642:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2373:Право и политика
2365:
2359:
2358:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2219:
2213:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2135:www.marxists.org
2127:
2121:
2120:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2061:
2038:Grigory Zinoviev
2016:highlighted the
1998:Polish Communist
1892:Nikolai Kashirin
1729:Grigory Zinoviev
1725:The Great Terror
1719:was murdered by
1697:
1690:
1683:
1667:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1515:De-Stalinization
1487:The Other Russia
1402:De-Stalinization
1320:Collectivisation
1235:Gennady Zyuganov
1190:Valko Chervenkov
1175:Lazar Kaganovich
1047:Marxism–Leninism
1022:Collectivization
1017:Anti-revisionism
999:
976:
966:The Great Terror
952:Lazar Kaganovich
859:Nikolay Bukharin
778:
749:established the
639:Right Opposition
635:Nikolai Bukharin
613:
606:
602:
599:
593:
570:
562:
515:Grigory Zinoviev
496:Geoffrey Roberts
467:, for breaching
446:at his dacha in
413:Grigory Zinoviev
309:
286:
104:. Following the
21:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5510:
5506:Stalin's bunker
5456:Room at Kremlin
5446:Tiflis Seminary
5427:
5422:
5414:
5406:
5398:
5390:
5383:(granddaughter)
5382:
5374:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5340:Artyom Sergeyev
5334:
5326:
5318:
5310:
5302:
5288:
5270:
5174:
5132:True Communists
5095:
5093:
5086:
5050:Khrushchev Thaw
5021:
4988:Stalin's poetry
4907:
4775:Japhetic theory
4713:Medvedev Forest
4606:Georgian Affair
4583:
4577:
4538:Five-year plans
4482:
4451:Berlin Blockade
4441:Greek Civil War
4230:August Uprising
4218:
4199:Political views
4164:
4158:
4138:
4133:
4098:
4085:
4079:
4061:
4055:
4039:Kotkin, Stephen
4037:
4031:
4011:Kotkin, Stephen
4009:
4006:
4004:Further reading
3996:
3980:Service, Robert
3978:
3972:
3956:
3950:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3920:
3913:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3682:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3655:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3502:
3496:Montefiore 2003
3494:
3490:
3484:Montefiore 2003
3482:
3478:
3472:Montefiore 2003
3470:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3438:Montefiore 2003
3436:
3432:
3426:Montefiore 2003
3424:
3420:
3414:Montefiore 2003
3412:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3378:Montefiore 2003
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3354:Montefiore 2003
3352:
3348:
3342:Montefiore 2003
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3276:, Knopf, 2004 (
3271:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3120:
3116:
3107:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3025:
3021:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2754:(29): 136–146.
2745:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2674:
2670:
2659:
2655:
2643:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2480:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2417:
2415:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2199:
2195:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2097:Current History
2090:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2014:Isaac Deutscher
2006:
1971:Lavrentiy Beria
1872:Semyon Budyonny
1868:Vasily Blyukher
1848:Vitaly Primakov
1818:and the senior
1721:Leonid Nikolaev
1701:
1661:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1625:Totalitarianism
1505:
1497:
1496:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1412:Khrushchev Thaw
1357:Greek Civil War
1293:
1285:
1284:
1264:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1240:Aleksandr Dugin
1195:Georgy Malenkov
1170:Walter Ulbricht
1160:Bolesław Bierut
1130:Georgi Dimitrov
1105:
1097:
1096:
1032:Five-year plans
1007:
974:
968:
926:Mikhail Kalinin
851:
845:
785:Chiang Kai-shek
780:
776:
699:Maria Koszutska
683:Boris Souvarine
631:Left Opposition
614:
603:
597:
594:
583:
571:
560:
433:
406:August Uprising
398:Georgian Affair
379:Ban on Factions
357:
328:
327:
326:
325:
324:
310:
302:
301:
298:Bolshevik party
287:
233:armed robberies
228:
218:
53:faction of the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5563:
5561:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5537:
5536:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5417:
5409:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5377:
5369:
5361:
5353:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5261:Stalin Society
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5201:Stalin statues
5198:
5193:
5188:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5160:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5102:Stalin Epigram
5098:
5096:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5052:
5047:
5045:Rehabilitation
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4973:
4968:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4823:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4772:
4767:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4665:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4621:Wittorf affair
4618:
4616:Dekulakization
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4558:New Soviet man
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4332:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4241:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4097:978-1907677724
4096:
4083:
4077:
4059:
4053:
4047:. Allen Lane.
4035:
4030:978-1594203794
4029:
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3994:
3976:
3971:978-1400044658
3970:
3954:
3948:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3893:
3886:
3866:
3859:
3839:
3822:
3815:
3795:
3788:
3768:
3761:
3741:
3734:
3714:
3707:
3687:
3680:
3660:
3653:
3633:
3626:
3606:
3599:
3579:
3572:
3552:
3545:
3524:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3406:
3394:
3382:
3370:
3358:
3346:
3334:
3322:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3265:
3251:
3231:
3214:
3188:
3174:
3154:
3147:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3088:
3081:
3061:
3054:
3036:
3019:
2972:
2965:
2947:
2940:
2920:
2908:
2901:
2881:
2874:
2854:
2847:
2827:
2820:
2800:
2793:
2773:
2738:
2731:
2711:
2704:
2684:
2676:Shanin, Teodor
2668:
2663:Soviet Studies
2653:
2620:
2608:
2601:
2581:
2574:
2554:
2547:
2527:
2520:
2492:
2448:
2424:
2400:
2360:
2353:
2331:
2322:
2315:
2293:
2286:
2266:
2259:
2239:
2214:
2193:
2146:
2122:
2103:(6): 961–968.
2083:
2076:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2027:Yakov Sverdlov
2010:historiography
2005:
2004:Historiography
2002:
1852:Yakov Gamarnik
1832:Robert Eideman
1810:In June 1937,
1797:Genrikh Yagoda
1766:Nikolai Yezhov
1762:Nikolai Yezhov
1747:Genrikh Yagoda
1711:Stalin in 1935
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:Stalin Society
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:Related topics
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:Nina Andreyeva
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:Andrei Zhdanov
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Ernst Thälmann
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1062:Self-criticism
1059:
1054:
1052:New Soviet man
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
985:
984:
970:Main article:
967:
964:
844:
841:
808:Vladimir Lenin
769:
715:New Opposition
616:
615:
598:September 2022
574:
572:
565:
559:
556:
552:Boris Bazhanov
509:alliance with
484:Stephen Kotkin
432:
429:
402:anti-Sovietism
394:Soviet Georgia
356:
353:
311:
304:
303:
290:Vladimir Lenin
288:
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
241:assassinations
217:
214:
180:Old Bolsheviks
98:Vladimir Lenin
75:supreme leader
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5562:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5545:Joseph Stalin
5543:
5542:
5540:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:Semyonovskoye
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5421:
5418:
5413:
5410:
5405:
5402:
5397:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5381:
5378:
5373:
5370:
5365:
5362:
5357:
5356:Vasily Stalin
5354:
5351:(second wife)
5349:
5346:
5343:(adopted son)
5341:
5338:
5333:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5317:
5316:Kato Svanidze
5314:
5309:
5306:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:Ryutin Affair
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5092:Criticism and
5089:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5005:Order No. 270
5003:
5001:
5000:Order No. 227
4998:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Doctors' plot
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4856:Nazino affair
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4820:German–Soviet
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:Slavists case
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4745:Moscow Trials
4743:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4508:Korenizatsiya
4506:
4504:
4503:Neo-Stalinism
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:Ili Rebellion
4387:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4161:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4136:Joseph Stalin
4130:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4099:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4078:0-19-502697-7
4074:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4021:Penguin Books
4018:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3834:
3826:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3745:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3522:, p. 368
3521:
3516:
3513:
3510:, p. 369
3509:
3504:
3501:
3498:, p. 280
3497:
3492:
3489:
3486:, p. 205
3485:
3480:
3477:
3474:, p. 204
3473:
3468:
3465:
3453:
3446:
3443:
3440:, p. 193
3439:
3434:
3431:
3428:, p. 188
3427:
3422:
3419:
3416:, p. 167
3415:
3410:
3407:
3404:, p. 316
3403:
3398:
3395:
3392:, p. 315
3391:
3386:
3383:
3380:, p. 160
3379:
3374:
3371:
3368:, p. 284
3367:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3335:
3332:, p. 265
3331:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3282:1-4000-4230-5
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3254:
3252:1-84331-034-1
3248:
3244:
3243:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3217:
3215:0-8047-0453-8
3211:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3192:
3189:
3177:
3175:0-415-36447-7
3171:
3167:
3166:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3032:91-550-2469-6
3029:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2924:
2921:
2918:, p. 223
2917:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2618:, p. 186
2617:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2475:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2354:91-550-2469-6
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2240:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:91-550-2469-6
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:Vadim Rogovin
2039:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:Vadim Rogovin
1974:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1923:18th Congress
1919:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:Pavel Dybenko
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:Yakov Alksnis
1873:
1869:
1865:
1864:Vasili Ulrikh
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:Boris Feldman
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Neo-Stalinism
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Doctors' plot
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:Moscow trials
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Mátyás Rákosi
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:Harry Pollitt
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:Joseph Stalin
1108:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Popular front
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Korenizatsiia
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:
973:
965:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
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575:This section
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541:
538:decided that
537:
531:
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477:his testament
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60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:Joseph Stalin
32:
19:
5423:(son-in-law)
5415:(son-in-law)
5412:Yuri Zhdanov
5319:(first wife)
5308:Keke Geladze
5281:
5170:Antisemitism
5162:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5127:Kremlin Plot
5054:
4992:
4976:
4963:
4868:Tax on trees
4826:Deportations
4563:Stakhanovite
4424:Eastern Bloc
4325:World War II
4278: /
4165:and politics
4087:
4067:
4042:
4019:. New York:
4014:
3983:
3962:Young Stalin
3961:
3939:
3923:Bibliography
3902:
3896:
3876:
3869:
3849:
3842:
3832:
3825:
3805:
3798:
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3555:
3536:
3520:Service 2004
3515:
3508:Service 2004
3503:
3491:
3479:
3467:
3456:. Retrieved
3445:
3433:
3421:
3409:
3402:Service 2004
3397:
3390:Service 2004
3385:
3373:
3366:Service 2004
3361:
3356:, p. 64
3349:
3344:, p. 60
3337:
3330:Service 2004
3325:
3318:Service 2004
3313:
3306:Service 2004
3301:
3294:Service 2004
3289:
3273:
3268:
3256:. Retrieved
3241:
3234:
3226:
3219:. Retrieved
3199:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3164:
3157:
3137:
3130:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3096:
3091:
3071:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3034:, pp 233-249
3022:
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2916:Service 2004
2911:
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2656:
2616:Service 2004
2611:
2592:Young Stalin
2591:
2584:
2565:Young Stalin
2564:
2557:
2538:Young Stalin
2537:
2530:
2502:
2495:
2483:|title=
2463:. Retrieved
2456:
2451:
2440:. Retrieved
2436:
2427:
2416:. Retrieved
2412:
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2344:
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2325:
2306:
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2269:
2249:
2242:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:
2217:
2212:, pp 184-233
2201:
2196:
2166:(2): 73–84.
2163:
2159:
2149:
2138:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2067:Young Stalin
2066:
2059:
2035:
2018:totalitarian
2007:
1975:
1951:
1947:Alexei Rykov
1927:
1900:Tukhachevsky
1850:(as well as
1840:Vitovt Putna
1809:
1774:
1759:
1717:Sergei Kirov
1714:
1367:Eastern Bloc
1347:World War II
1298:Soviet Union
1205:Edward Ochab
1082:Stakhanovite
941:
923:
901:and Premier
883:
863:Alexey Rykov
857:Stalin with
832:
801:
793:
781:
775:
771:
739:
724:
707:
703:Adolf Warski
656:
648:
627:
604:
595:
584:Please help
579:verification
576:
549:
532:
504:
493:
481:
453:
411:
383:
358:
349:Leon Trotsky
329:
313:Leon Trotsky
294:Soviet Union
237:racketeering
229:
177:
173:Leon Trotsky
146:
87:
37:
5179:Remembrance
5145:Animal Farm
4971:Stalin Note
4658:Great Purge
4626:Great Break
4518:Great Break
4239:(1928–1941)
4155:(1946–1953)
4149:(1922–1952)
3097:Dragon Lady
2992:(3): 1–15.
2008:In Western
1856:anti-Soviet
1836:August Kork
1805:Great Purge
1733:Lev Kamenev
1600:Red fascism
1565:Great Purge
1330:Great Purge
1315:Great Break
1215:Kim Il Sung
1210:Enver Hoxha
1092:Vanguardism
1037:Great Break
972:Great Purge
747:Sun Yat-sen
511:Lev Kamenev
507:triumvirate
5539:Categories
5494:Lake Ritsa
5474:Uspenskoye
5391:(grandson)
5375:(grandson)
5367:(daughter)
5122:Trotskyism
5094:opposition
4770:Lysenkoism
4456:Korean War
4335:Winter War
4223:Chronology
4214:Death toll
4179:Early life
3927:See also:
3458:2012-10-13
2465:2023-02-07
2442:2023-02-07
2418:2023-02-07
2316:9129530571
2233:2023-02-09
2228:PESA Agora
2140:2023-02-07
1996:and other
1912:commissars
1908:Voroshilov
1824:Iona Yakir
1595:Patriotism
1530:Stalin era
1462:CARC Party
1387:Korean War
847:See also:
829:) in 1928.
810:'s widow,
755:Kuomintang
722:Congress.
253:Tsintsadze
245:couriering
216:Background
201:Kazakhstan
169:right wing
157:Lenin died
5484:New Athos
4750:Hotel Lux
4733:Vinnytsia
4688:Chortkiv
4678:Berezwecz
4673:Berezhany
4641:Holodomor
4498:Stalinism
4436:Cominform
4172:Overviews
3258:1 January
3221:1 January
3181:1 January
3014:143899358
3006:1469-0764
2760:0309-2984
2395:1811-9018
2188:159798152
2180:0954-6545
2109:2641-080X
2022:socialist
2000:parties.
1990:Hungarian
1962:Politburo
1372:Cominform
1303:1927–1953
989:Stalinism
944:Politburo
919:Politburo
710:defeatist
663:elsewhere
469:Politburo
269:Petrograd
257:terrorist
165:left wing
142:Politburo
130:Politburo
83:his death
51:Bolshevik
5524:Category
5464:Kuntsevo
5311:(mother)
5303:(father)
4738:Zolochiv
4723:Valozhyn
4693:Kurapaty
4491:Concepts
4404:Cold War
4065:(1980).
4041:(2017).
4013:(2014).
3982:(2004).
3960:(2007).
3938:(2003).
2474:cite web
2117:45339809
1994:Yugoslav
1943:Zinoviev
1930:Bukharin
1904:Red Army
1820:Red Army
1789:Latvians
1755:Zinoviev
1570:Hoxhaism
1362:Cold War
1006:Concepts
981:a series
979:Part of
899:Bukharin
836:Alma-ata
675:Chairman
637:and the
450:in 1922.
317:Red Army
261:gangster
188:Red Army
122:Caucasus
90:Georgian
47:gangster
5499:Sukhumi
5460:Dachas
5451:Kureika
4841:Koreans
4728:Vileyka
4429:Comecon
4254:Sovkhoz
4249:Kolkhoz
4163:History
2768:4288968
1984:of the
1939:Kamenev
1751:Kamenev
1743:Trotsky
1738:troikas
1426:Parties
1292:History
930:Premier
865:during
685:of the
677:of the
667:fascism
519:Trotsky
473:Trotsky
421:Orgburo
365:Trotsky
341:Ukraine
330:In the
77:of the
65:of the
61:of the
5293:Family
4718:Sambir
4094:
4075:
4051:
4027:
3992:
3968:
3946:
3909:
3884:
3857:
3813:
3786:
3759:
3732:
3725:Stalin
3705:
3678:
3651:
3624:
3597:
3570:
3543:
3280:
3249:
3212:
3172:
3145:
3079:
3052:
3030:
3012:
3004:
2963:
2938:
2931:Stalin
2899:
2872:
2845:
2818:
2791:
2766:
2758:
2729:
2702:
2648:
2599:
2572:
2545:
2518:
2393:
2351:
2313:
2284:
2257:
2208:
2186:
2178:
2115:
2107:
2074:
1954:Yezhov
1896:purges
1890:, and
1801:Yezhov
1580:Maoism
1104:People
958:, and
890:NEPmen
886:Kulaks
875:Kosior
440:Stalin
423:, the
337:Poland
43:robber
5469:Sochi
5359:(son)
5335:(son)
5327:(son)
4912:Works
4703:Lutsk
4698:Katyn
4683:Dubno
4648:Gulag
3010:S2CID
2764:JSTOR
2343:[
2305:[
2184:S2CID
2113:JSTOR
2052:Notes
1781:Poles
1770:Poles
1575:Juche
933:Rykov
903:Rykov
895:kulak
879:Eikhe
461:Gorki
457:dacha
448:Gorki
444:Lenin
404:(the
4708:Lviv
4276:16th
4189:Rise
4092:ISBN
4073:ISBN
4049:ISBN
4025:ISBN
3990:ISBN
3966:ISBN
3944:ISBN
3907:ISBN
3882:ISBN
3855:ISBN
3811:ISBN
3784:ISBN
3757:ISBN
3730:ISBN
3703:ISBN
3676:ISBN
3649:ISBN
3622:ISBN
3595:ISBN
3568:ISBN
3541:ISBN
3278:ISBN
3260:2011
3247:ISBN
3223:2011
3210:ISBN
3183:2011
3170:ISBN
3143:ISBN
3077:ISBN
3050:ISBN
3028:ISBN
3002:ISSN
2961:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2897:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2843:ISBN
2816:ISBN
2789:ISBN
2756:ISSN
2727:ISBN
2700:ISBN
2646:ISBN
2597:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2543:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2487:help
2391:ISSN
2349:ISBN
2311:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2255:ISBN
2206:ISBN
2176:ISSN
2105:ISSN
2072:ISBN
1967:NKVD
1958:NKVD
1941:and
1935:NKVD
1846:and
1793:NKVD
1787:and
1785:Jews
1777:NKVD
1753:and
888:and
873:and
861:and
743:Puyi
701:and
661:and
513:and
273:O.S.
251:and
249:Kamo
224:and
149:bloc
116:and
79:USSR
2994:doi
2508:doi
2381:doi
2168:doi
907:NEP
681:,
588:by
459:in
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