964:. He continued to be active in public life – worked with a local workers' union, delivered lectures, was a member of the city's council. He was arrested on 13 February 1925 and accused of organizing a communist revolt – Matulaitis claimed that the police planted explosives that were found in his possession. He was released on bail in May 1925. Fearing prison sentence, he decided to escape the Soviet Union. He traveled to
662:(it led to the trial of 34 Lithuanian book smugglers). Matulaitis' apartment was searched in August 1897, but the police found nothing. He was not arrested due to lack of evidence, but was accused of "political disloyalty" and ordered to relocate to the interior of Russia in June 1898. He spent three years in
1109:
and enforce such principles on other historians. Matulaitis called out Žiugžda for making many mistakes, for portraying
Lithuanians as a moribund nation that achieved nothing by itself and everything that it did create was only thanks to the Russians. For this, Matulaitis was universally attacked by
872:
which debated
Lithuania's future after the war. At the Seimas, he opposed the resolution calling for full independence for Lithuania and supported the resolution which left the issue open. In late 1917, Matulaitis as well as several other Lithuanians, were elected to district dumas of the
1134:, and communist regime in general. He referred to the communist regime as tyranny and slavery. He continued to consider himself a Marxist, but did not hide his disappointment in Bolshevism. These texts have not been published. He struggled financially (he received 660 ruble pension).
1003:(1863 in Lithuania. Social–Economic Situation in Lithuania before the Uprising) in 1934. For this work he received doctorate in history and was elected a true member of the Academy of Sciences. He wrote several other works that remained unpublished, including a further study on the
458:. Matulaitis wrote sharp leftist articles which were disliked by the more conservative authors and editors. Nevertheless, he became chief editor of both periodicals in 1895 and continued to do so until 1897. Under Matulaitis, the newspapers became more radical, criticizing both the
219:(he was their editor-in-chief from 1895 to 1897). At the same time, he wrote and published fiction, popular science works, and brochures on history and socialism. In total, from 1893 to 1935, he published about 30 original and 17 translated works. Due to his involvement with the
1193:
141:
506:
works, considered to be of low artistic value by modern literary historians, reflected
Matulaitis' political views and served a public function – a call for action for a better future. In addition, he published about twenty articles with literary criticism of the
836:
in July 1914, Matulaitis was once again drafted to serve as a military doctor, first in
Vilnius and then in Moscow. He continued to be involved with the Lithuanian social democrats and was one of their leaders in Moscow. Political activity intensified after the
1087:, Lithuanian Social Democracy, Lithuanian revolutionary movement, etc. but they remained unpublished. He also worked on the new Marxist Lithuanian history textbook (chapters covering the period of 1812–1905). In fall 1948, he started lecturing history at
889:
862:
255:
501:
During this time, Matulaitis tried his had at fiction writing. He published two poems (1891–1892), two short stories (1893–1894), and two fairytales (1896). He published three anti-religious satires in 1897, 1900, and 1904 as separate booklets. These
1114:
ideas. He was dismissed from the
Institute of History on 1 December 1950. In his diary, Matulaitis agreed that he was unfit to work at the institute because he could not falsify history as required by party officials.
1074:
Matulaitis returned to
Lithuania in December 1946. He was already 80 years old and received a special state pension for merits to communist causes, but he continued to be involved with public life. He joined the
796:
against the common enemy of monarchy and capitalism, while federalists (among them
Matulevičius) wanted to stay clear of both Russian and Polish influences. At the same time, disappointed with the failure of the
808:. The company was active until 1913 and published about 20 Lithuanian books. Together with others, he founded a charitable society to support impoverished children. Matulaits was one of the co-founders of the
887:
published by
Agarietis and Kapsukas regarding the relationship with RSDLP(b). In the end, Matulaitis could not sustain his more independent position and joined Angarietis and Kapsukas. He was elected to the
2277:
322:
in 1950. As a result, Matulaitis was dismissed from his posts and spent the last years of his life in poverty and obscurity writing texts openly critical of the Soviet regime that remain unpublished.
2297:
538:, including chemistry and geology textbooks. Publishing such educational texts was common among Lithuanian activists of the period. He also became interested in history. He published booklets on
2212:
977:
896:
in April 1918. Nevertheless, in later Soviet historiography, Matulaitis was not considered a "true
Bolshevik", was harshly criticized for ideological mistakes, and serious deviations from the
2262:
1165:
In 1897, just before his three-year internal exile, Matulaitis married
Vilhelmina Mackevičiūtė. She was of Polish origin, but supportive to the Lithuanian causes. She was aunt of writers
1105:
and his brochure on the historical friendship between Russia and Lithuania. Žiugžda was the key historian who undertook to rewrite the history of Lithuania according to the principles of
917:
2282:
842:
2267:
792:
Around that time, two main fractions developed with the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania: federalists and autonomists. The autonomists wanted to cooperate with the
2287:
812:
and was elected as vice-chairman of its first board in April 1907. He also delivered various popular lectures on medicine, history, etc. He worked on a Marxist
913:
582:(What Is, and What Will Be) in 1891 and had it published in 1895 and 1904. He translated works on labor and capital by Boris Svidersky (published in 1896),
2272:
2257:
519:, and others for writing works full of religious imagery and ideas. Matulaitis also translated works to Lithuanian. Most notable of these was the novel
1054:
in December 1937. He was accused of espionage and spent two years in prison. In August 1939, he was sentenced to five years of exile. He was exiled to
1043:. Kapsukas, in turn, accused Matulaitis of still harboring petty bourgeois ideals, of not being a true Bolshevik, and of making ideological errors.
949:. In 1921, he was listed as the chairman of cooperative book publishing company Šviesa (the actual chairman was his son-in-law and communist leader
511:. Similarly, in his literary criticism, Matulaitis rejected aesthetics and demanded that the literature serve a public function. He also criticized
2292:
989:
277:
941:. He quickly became director of the local hospital and was elected to the city's council in 1921. He continued to be actively involved with the
2172:
793:
953:). The company was shut down by the Lithuanian police and Matulaitis faced as many as six criminal cases for publishing communist literature.
2247:
2038:
2065:
1983:
1123:
701:
647:
240:
187:
112:
1150:
706:
2242:
1179:
2101:
2019:
1953:
650:
in 1895. It became the first Lithuanian political party. Matulaitis helped the party to organize its first periodical publications.
1187:
Matulaitis and Mackevičiūtė had four children (three daughters and a son), but their marriage was difficult. One of his daughters,
753:, abandon well-paid medical work, and take up much less lucrative party work. In Vilnius, he edited party's first legal newspaper
1138:
767:
171:
1076:
578:
Matulaitis was also active politically. As a student in Moscow, he became interested in socialism. He wrote a popular brochure
304:
2252:
1972:
1080:
858:
734:
After serving in the Russo-Japanese War, Matulaitis returned to Lithuania in fall 1905. He briefly worked as a physician in
409:. He graduated in 1891 with a medical degree. He returned to Lithuania and attempted to establish himself as a physician in
937:
in April 1919, Matulaitis was briefly arrested in June 1919. In fall 1919, he moved to Lithuania and worked as a doctor in
809:
244:
126:
961:
942:
265:
191:
116:
1174:
1016:
988:
to work as the head of the Lithuanian history department of the Institute of Belarusian Culture (reorganized into the
592:
478:
392:
183:
1022:
At the same time, he published popular science brochures and was one of the editors of Lithuanian-language newspaper
804:
Matulaitis was active in various societies. In 1906, he became chairman of Šviesa publishing company established by
355:
154:
1142:
1084:
798:
613:
921:
700:
Despite continued police surveillance, Matulaitis resumed his public activities: organizing local sections of the
897:
636:
486:
341:
220:
47:
821:
1938:
853:, and others wanted to keep the name of Lithuanian social democrats for which they were harshly criticized by
386:
377:
373:
90:
2066:""Tamista esi nerealus žmogus": keletas štrichų kairiojo inteligento ir istoriko Stasio Matulaičio portretui"
697:. After a conflict and a mediation, Grinius moved out so that Matulaitis could resume his medical practice.
336:
42:
1170:
466:
2189:
1106:
1035:. In the newspaper, Matulaitis published articles critical of the Lithuanian communist leaders in Moscow,
543:
485:
and materials had to be continuously smuggled across the Russia–Prussia border. Matulaitis also supported
53:
587:
381:
360:
159:
1024:
617:
508:
1188:
136:
770:(out of 32 issues, 11 were confiscated) and was eventually closed. It was replaced by the short-lived
659:
490:
201:, Matulaitis joined Lithuanian public life from an early age. He contributed short correspondences to
2237:
2232:
1154:
813:
805:
735:
641:
524:
402:
281:
2049:
1095:
755:
448:. When he returned to Lithuania, he became increasingly involved with the editing and publishing of
312:
1166:
838:
739:
567:
559:
801:, Matulaitis spent less time on politics, returned to medicine, and engaged in other public work.
1094:
On 10 November 1950, during a session at the Academy of Sciences, Matulaitis publicly criticized
1088:
946:
719:
308:
269:
232:
846:
785:
551:
516:
1100:
473:
per month), but also donated sizeable sums for their publication (some 950 rubles according to
317:
2155:
2138:
2097:
2080:
2034:
2015:
1998:
1968:
1949:
1203:
1036:
950:
854:
583:
547:
477:). Matulaitis faced substantial difficulties editing the newspapers as they were published in
406:
198:
94:
1029:
772:
622:
1004:
874:
869:
682:
667:
503:
311:. However, he could not accept the party-imposed version of history and publicly criticized
285:
224:
1153:
on 20 May 1957. The same year, his memoir was published which focused on the period of the
820:
in 1918 and republished in Kaunas in 1923. In this history, Matulaitis focused less on the
1131:
1059:
1040:
995:
At the institute, Matulaitis researched the history of Lithuania and published two books:
934:
850:
760:
602:
535:
351:
254:, Matulaitis was once again drafted to serve as a military doctor. In 1918, he joined the
57:
418:
744:
1119:
1012:
957:
938:
470:
459:
422:
79:
1050:, Matulaitis was expelled from the Communist Party in August 1937 and arrested by the
783:. After it was discontinued in June 1907, Matulaitis worked at the editorial staff of
2226:
2217:. By Kozlov, Ivan (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla.
749:, one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party, convinced Matulaitis to move to
722:
in February 1904. Matulaitis was drafted to serve as military doctor and was sent to
690:
686:
675:
632:
563:
474:
426:
256:
Central Bureau of the Lithuanian Sections of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
228:
2211:
Zinkus, Jonas (1959). "Knyga apie draugystę, gimusią sunkiais priespaudos metais".
2167:
555:
482:
273:
454:
215:
2123:
2112:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1199:
1111:
1047:
1008:
833:
566:
in 1904. He published two original works on the history of Lithuania: about the
369:
293:
251:
968:
where the Soviet consulate obtained him a Latvian passport under a fake name.
276:. In 1927, he joined the Institute of Belarusian Culture (reorganized into the
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1063:
861:(based in Petrograd) who had fully embraced Russian Bolsheviks and joined the
531:
297:
2142:
2084:
2002:
1876:
1874:
1198:(1900–1938) was an active communist. She was married to prominent communists
2176:(in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. 15 November 2022
981:
723:
671:
410:
347:
2159:
1984:"Juozapas Mackevičius (Józef Mackiewicz) – vilnietis, nemėgęs XX amžiaus"
1967:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas.
1001:
1863 m. Lietuvoje I. Socialinis-ekonominis Lietuvos stovis prieš sukilimą
817:
663:
512:
397:
284:. He was awarded doctorate in 1934 for a study of economic causes of the
203:
1146:
909:
777:
750:
609:
539:
414:
236:
75:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1791:
1789:
1747:
1745:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1482:
1480:
1455:
1453:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1397:
1395:
1358:
1356:
272:. He was arrested by the Lithuanian police in 1925 and escaped to the
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1127:
1055:
444:
209:
207:
and increasingly became involved with the publication and editing of
924:
in December 1918. He worked at a Red Cross Hospital, briefly edited
718:. However, such activities were interrupted by the outbreak of the
689:
in January 1902. There, his position of town's doctor was taken by
1780:
985:
926:
883:
260:
704:, contributing articles to social democratic press (including to
1229:
1051:
965:
465:
He not only edited the newspapers for free (the previous editor
365:
became a pharmacist and also active in Lithuanian public life.
289:
1110:
other Soviet historians who criticized him for nationalist and
1240:
1238:
243:
and was active in various Lithuanian societies, including the
1915:
1913:
1066:
where he worked in an ambulatory clinic until December 1945.
841:. In May 1917, Lithuanian social democrats voted to join the
912:
in 1918. He became a member of the Central Committee of the
1118:
Removed from public life, Matulaitis lived in obscurity in
978:
Communist University of the National Minorities of the West
976:
In Russia, he lectured on the history of Lithuania at the
182:(24 October 1866 – 10 April 1956) was an activist of the
2278:
Academicians of the Byelorussian SSR Academy of Sciences
2014:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Valstybinis leidybos centras.
405:. He graduated in 1886 and continued his studies at the
303:
Matulaitis returned to Lithuania in 1946 and joined the
960:
where he worked as a doctor and history teacher at the
442:
As a university student, he began writing articles for
104:
Physician, newspaper editor, party activist, historian
2094:
Lithuanian Social Democracy in Perspective, 1893-1914
1892:
1880:
1853:
1841:
1812:
1795:
1763:
1751:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1679:
1667:
1643:
1619:
1607:
1590:
1511:
1486:
1471:
1459:
1420:
1401:
1362:
1347:
1316:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
890:
Central Bureau of the Lithuanian Sections of RSDLP(b)
2198:(in Russian). Yakub Kolas Central Scientific Library
877:. At the same time, Matulaitis published and edited
627:. They, together with other leftist contributors to
2298:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
2064:Mitrulevičius, Gintaras; Trimakas, Ramūnas (2016).
999:(Religion and Its Social Significance) in 1931 and
980:and worked as a physician, first in Moscow then in
843:
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)
534:, Matulaitis published several translated works on
167:
149:
132:
122:
108:
100:
86:
64:
28:
21:
354:). His parents were peasants. His younger brother
612:and maintained contacts with socialist activists
570:in 1895 and Lithuanians under the Tsars in 1897.
258:and became co-editor of the communist periodical
2263:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania politicians
1126:, and other texts which were openly critical of
2152:Lietuvos darbininkų periodinė spauda, 1895–1917
2114:Lietuvos Komunistų partijos istorijos apybraiža
766:. However, the newspaper continued to run into
2117:(in Lithuanian). Vol. I. Vilnius: Mintis.
1011:in Lithuania, Lithuanian villages in Belarus,
908:Matulaitis returned to Lithuania and lived in
296:. After two years in prison, he was exiled to
1386:
1374:
1244:
8:
1944:. In Tapinas, Laimonas; et al. (eds.).
914:Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia
693:, a close colleague since the publishing of
487:smuggling of illegal Lithuanian publications
221:smuggling of illegal Lithuanian publications
2283:Prisoners and detainees of the Soviet Union
1919:
1523:
1149:. He was posthumously rehabilitated by the
916:, but did not join the institutions of the
824:and more social and economic developments.
597:(published in 1900), and election pamphlet
1571:
1559:
1547:
1137:In March 1956, Matulaitis was awarded the
1122:. He wrote his memoir, the history of the
395:. He contributed short correspondences to
335:Matulaitis was born on 24 October 1866 in
280:) and devoted his time to researching the
264:. Upon return to Lithuania, he joined the
18:
1965:Lietuvių literatūros istorija: XIX amžius
1655:
1631:
1432:
930:, and worked at a Soviet printing shop.
868:In June 1917, Matulaitis participated in
235:as a medical doctor, Matulaitis lived in
2268:Communist Party of Lithuania politicians
892:in January 1918 and became co-editor of
816:. Due to war, it was first published in
1215:
2124:"Lietuvių mokslo draugijai – 100 metų"
1904:
1865:
1824:
1781:Yakub Kolas Central Scientific Library
1535:
1444:
1328:
794:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
231:for three years. After serving in the
1230:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 2022
186:who became one of the leaders of the
7:
2288:Academic staff of Vilnius University
1124:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
918:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
702:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
648:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
241:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
188:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
113:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania
1963:Girdzijauskas, Juozas, ed. (2001).
1151:Supreme Court of the Lithuanian SSR
654:Internal exile and military service
2273:20th-century Lithuanian historians
2258:Physicians from the Russian Empire
239:where he edited newspapers of the
14:
1893:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1881:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1854:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1842:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1813:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1796:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1764:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1752:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1737:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1725:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1713:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1701:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1680:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1668:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1644:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1620:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1608:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1591:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1512:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1487:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1472:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1460:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1421:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1402:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1363:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1348:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1317:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1300:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1288:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1276:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1264:Mitrulevičius & Trimakas 2016
1175:Vincenta Matulaitytė-Lozoraitienė
997:Religija ir jos socialinė reikšmė
845:(RSDLP(b)). However, Matulaitis,
2173:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
2033:(in Lithuanian). Versus aureus.
1139:Order of the Red Banner of Labor
920:proclaimed at that start of the
658:The Tsarist police investigated
368:He attended a primary school in
172:Order of the Red Banner of Labor
1937:Burneikienė, Genovaitė (1997).
1077:Lithuanian Institute of History
984:. In 1927, Matulaitis moved to
881:. This newspaper clashed with
863:Lithuanian Sections of RSDLP(b)
681:After short medical courses in
305:Lithuanian Institute of History
2293:Moscow State University alumni
2111:Šarmaitis, Romas, ed. (1971).
2059:(in Lithuanian). Vol. 77.
1145:. He died on 10 April 1956 in
1081:Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
990:Belarusian Academy of Sciences
608:Matulaitis frequently visited
605:(published in 1903 and 1905).
372:. Already as a student at the
278:Belarusian Academy of Sciences
1:
1007:, studies on merchant trade,
956:In 1923, Matulaitis moved to
810:Lithuanian Scientific Society
245:Lithuanian Scientific Society
127:Lithuanian Scientific Society
2248:Lithuanian newspaper editors
2191:Матулайтис Станислав Юрьевич
2150:Vidmantas, Edvardas (1979).
2048:Miraza, R. (20 April 1956).
943:Communist Party of Lithuania
376:, influenced by his teacher
266:Communist Party of Lithuania
192:Communist Party of Lithuania
117:Communist Party of Lithuania
2092:Sabaliūnas, Leonas (1990).
1982:Malinauskas, Jonas (2007).
1946:Žurnalistikos enciklopedija
1083:) and wrote studies on the
1017:Lithuanian National Revival
859:Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas
646:, decided to establish the
433:Lithuanian National Revival
393:Lithuanian National Revival
288:. He was imprisoned by the
197:Educated as a physician at
184:Lithuanian National Revival
2314:
2122:Seselskytė, Adelė (2006).
2012:Knygnešių laikai 1864–1904
1143:Russian Revolution of 1905
1085:Russian Revolution of 1905
799:Russian Revolution of 1905
678:) working as a physician.
462:and the Catholic clergy.
2243:Lithuanian book smugglers
2154:(in Lithuanian). Mintis.
2096:. Duke University Press.
2029:Merkys, Vytautas (2009).
2010:Merkys, Vytautas (1994).
1141:for participating in the
898:general line of the party
685:, Matulaitis returned to
2190:
1991:Naujasis Židinys - Aidai
822:Grand Dukes of Lithuania
489:and, in particular, the
403:illegal Lithuanian press
194:and became a historian.
2196:Имя в белорусской науке
1173:, and women's activist
670:) and Ust-Sysolsk (now
223:, he was exiled to the
1107:Marxist historiography
945:which was outlawed in
935:was captured by Poland
599:The Spider and the Fly
544:Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz
307:and taught history at
268:which was outlawed in
190:. He later joined the
2253:Lithuanian physicians
2031:Atminties prošvaistės
1883:, pp. 75–76, 80.
922:Lithuanian–Soviet War
509:Lithuanian literature
374:Marijampolė Gymnasium
91:Marijampolė Gymnasium
1171:Stanisław Mackiewicz
1155:Lithuanian press ban
814:history of Lithuania
614:Andrius Domaševičius
558:in 1901, and on the
525:Raffaello Giovagnoli
401:and distributed the
282:history of Lithuania
123:Board member of
2168:"Stasys Matulaitis"
1948:. Vilnius: Pradai.
1658:, pp. 332–333.
1331:, pp. 268–269.
839:February Revolution
832:At the outbreak of
730:Activist in Vilnius
588:Carl August Schramm
560:classical antiquity
382:Jonas Mačys-Kėkštas
54:Suwałki Governorate
16:Lithuanian activist
1474:, pp. 59, 62.
1435:, pp. 14, 20.
1387:Girdzijauskas 2001
1375:Girdzijauskas 2001
1245:Girdzijauskas 2001
1089:Vilnius University
1025:Raudonasis artojas
947:interwar Lithuania
904:Interwar Lithuania
720:Russo-Japanese War
618:Alfonsas Moravskis
580:Kas yra, o kas bus
574:Political activist
542:based on works by
378:Petras Kriaučiūnas
309:Vilnius University
270:interwar Lithuania
233:Russo-Japanese War
2133:(in Lithuanian).
2131:Tautosakos darbai
2075:(in Lithuanian).
2040:978-9955-34-219-9
1993:(in Lithuanian).
1766:, pp. 70–71.
1739:, pp. 69–70.
1727:, pp. 68–69.
1682:, pp. 66–67.
1646:, pp. 65–66.
1302:, pp. 55–56.
1290:, pp. 54–55.
1189:Katrė Matulaitytė
1037:Zigmas Angarietis
855:Zigmas Angarietis
806:Povilas Višinskis
738:. In April 1906,
707:Darbininkų balsas
584:political economy
548:French Revolution
467:Jonas Kriaučiūnas
407:Moscow University
356:Juozas Matulaitis
199:Moscow University
180:Stasys Matulaitis
177:
176:
155:Juozas Matulaitis
137:Katrė Matulaitytė
95:Moscow University
23:Stasys Matulaitis
2305:
2218:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2163:
2146:
2128:
2118:
2107:
2088:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2044:
2025:
2006:
1988:
1978:
1959:
1943:
1939:"Naujoji Gadynė"
1923:
1920:Malinauskas 2007
1917:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1799:
1793:
1784:
1778:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1524:Burneikienė 1997
1521:
1515:
1509:
1490:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1351:
1345:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1197:
1183:
1167:Józef Mackiewicz
1104:
1070:Soviet Lithuania
1033:
1005:Uprising of 1863
879:Socialdemokratas
875:Moscow City Duma
870:Petrograd Seimas
781:
764:
748:
683:Saint Petersburg
668:Astrakhan Oblast
660:Sietynas Society
645:
626:
596:
568:Kražiai massacre
546:in 1899, on the
491:Sietynas Society
438:Newspaper editor
391:, he joined the
390:
364:
345:
321:
286:Uprising of 1863
225:Astrakhan Oblast
163:
145:
71:
51:
38:
36:
19:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2210:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2166:
2149:
2126:
2121:
2110:
2104:
2091:
2079:(103): 51–106.
2068:
2063:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2028:
2022:
2009:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1962:
1956:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1597:
1589:
1578:
1572:Seselskytė 2006
1570:
1566:
1560:Sabaliūnas 1990
1558:
1554:
1548:Sabaliūnas 1990
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1493:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1408:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1251:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1217:
1212:
1191:
1177:
1163:
1132:Vincas Kapsukas
1098:
1072:
1060:Pavlodar Region
1041:Vincas Kapsukas
1027:
974:
906:
851:Jurgis Smolskis
847:Petras Avižonis
830:
786:Vilniaus žinios
775:
768:Tsarist censors
758:
742:
732:
656:
639:
637:Juozas Bagdonas
620:
603:Karl Liebknecht
590:
576:
552:François Mignet
536:popular science
517:Šatrijos Ragana
499:
440:
435:
384:
358:
352:Congress Poland
339:
333:
328:
315:
157:
139:
115:
109:Political party
93:
87:Alma mater
82:
73:
69:
60:
58:Congress Poland
45:
40:
39:24 October 1866
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2208:
2186:
2164:
2147:
2119:
2108:
2102:
2089:
2061:
2045:
2039:
2026:
2020:
2007:
1979:
1973:
1960:
1954:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:, p. 368.
1909:
1897:
1885:
1870:
1868:, p. 181.
1858:
1846:
1829:
1827:, p. 180.
1817:
1800:
1785:
1768:
1756:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1656:Šarmaitis 1971
1648:
1636:
1634:, p. 320.
1632:Šarmaitis 1971
1624:
1612:
1595:
1576:
1574:, p. 272.
1564:
1552:
1550:, p. 121.
1540:
1528:
1526:, p. 353.
1516:
1491:
1476:
1464:
1449:
1447:, p. 271.
1437:
1433:Vidmantas 1979
1425:
1406:
1391:
1389:, p. 552.
1379:
1377:, p. 219.
1367:
1352:
1333:
1321:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1249:
1247:, p. 550.
1234:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1204:Karolis Požela
1162:
1159:
1096:Juozas Žiugžda
1071:
1068:
1013:class struggle
973:
972:Soviet Belarus
970:
951:Karolis Požela
933:After Vilnius
905:
902:
829:
826:
756:Naujoji Gadynė
731:
728:
710:, writing for
655:
652:
575:
572:
530:Influenced by
498:
495:
471:Russian rubles
460:Tsarist regime
439:
436:
434:
431:
380:and classmate
350:(then part of
332:
329:
327:
324:
313:Juozas Žiugžda
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
151:
147:
146:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
88:
84:
83:
80:Lithuanian SSR
74:
72:(aged 89)
66:
62:
61:
41:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2310:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2103:9780822310150
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2021:9986-09-018-0
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1955:9986-776-62-7
1951:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1895:, p. 78.
1894:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1856:, p. 74.
1855:
1850:
1847:
1844:, p. 73.
1843:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1815:, p. 72.
1814:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1798:, p. 71.
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:, p. 70.
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1715:, p. 68.
1714:
1709:
1706:
1703:, p. 67.
1702:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1670:, p. 66.
1669:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1622:, p. 65.
1621:
1616:
1613:
1610:, p. 69.
1609:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:, p. 64.
1592:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1562:, p. 95.
1561:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1514:, p. 63.
1513:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1489:, p. 62.
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1462:, p. 58.
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1423:, p. 57.
1422:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1404:, p. 61.
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1365:, p. 60.
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1350:, p. 59.
1349:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1319:, p. 56.
1318:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1278:, p. 54.
1277:
1272:
1269:
1266:, p. 55.
1265:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1161:Personal life
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:(part of the
1078:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
971:
969:
967:
963:
962:Realgymnasium
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
886:
885:
880:
876:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
827:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
795:
790:
788:
787:
782:
779:
774:
769:
765:
762:
757:
752:
746:
741:
740:Vladas Požela
737:
729:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:
703:
698:
696:
692:
691:Kazys Grinius
688:
684:
679:
677:
676:Komi Republic
673:
669:
665:
661:
653:
651:
649:
643:
638:
634:
633:Kazys Grinius
630:
624:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
594:
589:
585:
581:
573:
571:
569:
565:
564:Robert Wipper
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:Kazys Grinius
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
456:
451:
447:
446:
437:
432:
430:
429:(1895–1898).
428:
424:
421:(1893–1895),
420:
417:(1892–1893),
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
394:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
362:
357:
353:
349:
343:
338:
330:
325:
323:
319:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:Komi Republic
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
211:
206:
205:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
170:
166:
161:
156:
152:
148:
143:
138:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
101:Occupation(s)
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
68:10 April 1956
67:
63:
59:
55:
49:
44:
31:
27:
20:
2213:
2200:. Retrieved
2195:
2178:. Retrieved
2171:
2151:
2134:
2130:
2113:
2093:
2076:
2072:
2056:
2030:
2011:
1994:
1990:
1964:
1945:
1930:Bibliography
1907:, p. 1.
1900:
1888:
1861:
1849:
1820:
1759:
1732:
1720:
1708:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1467:
1440:
1428:
1382:
1370:
1324:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1186:
1164:
1136:
1117:
1093:
1073:
1045:
1023:
1021:
1000:
996:
994:
975:
955:
932:
925:
907:
893:
882:
878:
867:
831:
803:
791:
789:until 1909.
784:
771:
754:
733:
715:
711:
705:
699:
694:
680:
657:
628:
607:
598:
579:
577:
556:Wilhelm Blos
529:
520:
500:
483:East Prussia
469:was paid 50
464:
453:
449:
443:
441:
419:Balbieriškis
396:
367:
334:
302:
274:Soviet Union
259:
249:
214:
208:
202:
196:
179:
178:
70:(1956-04-10)
2238:1956 deaths
2233:1866 births
1997:: 368–377.
1905:Miraza 1956
1866:Merkys 2009
1825:Merkys 2009
1536:Zinkus 1959
1445:Merkys 1994
1329:Merkys 2009
1200:Roman Pilar
1192: [
1178: [
1112:reactionary
1099: [
1048:Great Purge
1046:During the
1028: [
1015:during the
1009:Reformation
958:Marijampolė
939:Vilkaviškis
834:World War I
828:World War I
776: [
759: [
743: [
640: [
621: [
591: [
423:Vilkaviškis
385: [
370:Liudvinavas
359: [
340: [
337:Stebuliškės
316: [
294:Great Purge
292:during the
252:World War I
158: [
140: [
46: [
43:Stebuliškės
2227:Categories
2202:3 November
2180:3 November
1974:9986513693
1210:References
1064:Kazakhstan
687:Pilviškiai
532:positivism
427:Pilviškiai
298:Kazakhstan
35:1866-10-24
2143:1392-2831
2085:1392-0456
2050:"Krislai"
2003:1392-6845
982:Leningrad
736:Kalvarija
724:Manchuria
716:Ūkininkas
672:Syktyvkar
562:based on
550:based on
455:Ūkininkas
411:Aleksotas
348:Suvalkija
331:Education
326:Biography
216:Ūkininkas
150:Relatives
2073:Istorija
1120:Žvėrynas
818:Voronezh
664:Sasykoli
527:(1904).
521:Spartaco
513:Maironis
425:(1895),
413:(1891),
227:and the
153:Brother
133:Children
2214:Katorga
2160:6195352
1147:Vilnius
910:Vilnius
773:Skardas
751:Vilnius
674:in the
610:Vilnius
540:serfdom
504:realist
415:Jieznas
250:During
237:Vilnius
76:Vilnius
2158:
2141:
2100:
2083:
2057:Laisvė
2037:
2018:
2001:
1971:
1952:
1128:Stalin
1056:Kashyr
712:Varpas
695:Varpas
629:Varpas
497:Author
479:Tilsit
450:Varpas
445:Varpas
210:Varpas
168:Awards
2135:XXXII
2127:(PDF)
2069:(PDF)
2053:(PDF)
1987:(PDF)
1942:(PDF)
1196:]
1182:]
1103:]
1032:]
986:Minsk
927:Tiesa
894:Tiesa
884:Tiesa
780:]
763:]
747:]
644:]
625:]
595:]
398:Aušra
389:]
363:]
344:]
320:]
261:Tiesa
204:Aušra
162:]
144:]
50:]
2204:2023
2182:2023
2156:OCLC
2139:ISSN
2098:ISBN
2081:ISSN
2035:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1999:ISSN
1969:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1202:and
1169:and
1052:NKVD
1039:and
966:Riga
857:and
714:and
635:and
616:and
554:and
452:and
290:NKVD
213:and
65:Died
29:Born
1995:8–9
1058:in
992:).
865:.
726:.
601:by
586:by
523:by
481:in
346:in
300:.
2229::
2194:.
2170:.
2137:.
2129:.
2071:.
2055:.
1989:.
1912:^
1873:^
1832:^
1803:^
1788:^
1771:^
1744:^
1687:^
1598:^
1579:^
1494:^
1479:^
1452:^
1409:^
1394:^
1355:^
1336:^
1307:^
1252:^
1237:^
1218:^
1206:.
1194:be
1184:.
1180:lt
1157:.
1130:,
1101:lt
1091:.
1062:,
1030:lt
1019:.
900:.
849:,
778:lt
761:lt
745:lt
642:lt
631:,
623:lt
593:de
515:,
493:.
387:lt
361:lt
342:lt
318:lt
247:.
160:lt
142:be
78:,
56:,
52:,
48:lt
2206:.
2184:.
2162:.
2145:.
2106:.
2087:.
2077:3
2043:.
2024:.
2005:.
1977:.
1958:.
1783:.
1538:.
1232:.
666:(
37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.