Statue of Paul Kruger, Church Square

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anniversary of Kruger's burial in the Pretoria Old Cemetery on Church Street. Since Kruger dreamed of free passage to the east coast, the society also decided the statue should face eastward from Church Square. Any changes City Council wanted to make could be introduced later, though the central position would stay. After the Council heard from a delegation of the society, the former decided on 20 December 1951 to cancel their previous decisions and unanimously embrace the society's position, on the condition of the council incurring no costs and having final approval rights. Permission was granted to the society on 26 November 1952, once approval was gained from the Administrator of Transvaal Province, to begin the relocation. The council was still bound to Kitchener's prohibition of statues without the Lieutenant-Governor's approval, however, but the society got the federal Cabinet to approve the plans by minutes no. 298 on 9 February 1953, getting the administrator's approval in the meantime.

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with its butt-stock on his right leg; the other with a long beard and a few wrinkles on his forehead, seated upright with his gun in both hands. The modeling work was done in 1899, along with the casting for three of the five pieces, allowing Van Wouw to pivot to the panels - one of which had already been finished by the end of 1898. It is unknown how long the remaining three took: from his letters, Van Wouw appears to have finished all of them, including decorative ornaments (such as a large "K" monogram) by June 1899. Overseeing the rest of the casting, he returned to Pretoria in September–October of that year, where he would oversee the erection of the statue and fulfill the second portion of his contract with Marks.

494:. Once again, however, no photograph or detailed description was at hand, prompting the Secretary to send an expedition (including an eyewitness of the battle and a photographer) to photograph relevant areas of the cave. The pictures and relevant captions were sent to Van Wouw in Rome with commentary from former commandant Hercules Malan of Rustenburg. A diptych of bronze panels were to depict events related to the First Boer War, since it was Kruger's resistance to annexation then that set the stage for his future statesmanship. One of them showed Kruger delivering the Paardekraal Covenant, an address delivered to thousands near what is now 142: 754:, the King, and the executors of the Kitchener estate. On 18 January 1921, Smuts received a telegram from Milner "that His Majesty, the "Colonel-in-Chief" of the Royal Engineers, has agreed to donate the two Boer figures and the panels in Chatham as a gift to the Government of the Union of South Africa, and that Lord Kitchener's executors and His Majesty's Government will also provide the South African Government with the two other figures currently in Broome Park." The Union had to pay any transport costs, as already agreed to. On 23 August 1921, the complete monument came off the ship in 562:, who could not handle statues of this size, sending him on to Rome. On 21 May 1898, after six months there, he contracted with Franciscus Bruno to complete the entire work "in line with fashion and all rules of perfect art," the latter craftsman agreeing to cast in bronze all models completed in the next five months by 21 January 1899, as well as any finished in the five months after within three months of delivery. Also responsible for safe transport from Van Wouw's workshop to Bruno's forge and suitable packaging for shipping to South Africa, Bruno would be guaranteed 39,500 558: in) high. Kruger's right hand was shown on his cane and his left a rolled-up document, while he appeared to face down and to the left at a crowd at his feet; he starkly contrasts the tense Boers, one with a thick beard, head up, and his finger on the trigger of his Martini-Henry, the other with a thinner beard raising his shoulder to hoist a full bandolier. Van Wouw now needed to find a professional to cast them in bronze. He had queried the best casters in Holland shortly after arriving in Europe and settled on 668:

would never have expected such behavior from the City Council of Pretoria, least of all given that so many of you not only knew him but were among his closest friends in the capital." Kitchener eventually transferred Church Square (previously Transvaal federal territory) to the council with the express condition "that no buildings, statues or memorials of any description be erected on, or other improvements effected to the ground, without the sanction of the Lieutenant-Governor being first obtained".

530:, the Europeans depicted their facial features not as salt-of-the-earth but as possessing the ethereal qualities of a saint or a prophet, leading Van Wouw to opt for completing the work for himself out of frustration. He sought exacting detail, down to a single shoe, thereby taking three and a half months on just one of the Boer sentinels. Under these circumstances as well as that of chronic illness, the original deadline of 1 April 1899 came and went. Van Wouw advocated through State Secretary 734:. Mathers discovered where the missing sculptures were, published the photos in his paper, and asked the Mayor of Chatham to pressure his city council to help return the two figures there to South Africa, given that "as they remain at present they are a menace to the good relationships which I am sure Chatham as all England wishes to be established and preserved between them and the Dutch of South Africa." Mathers also pointed out that South Africa and England had fought on the same side in 685:, as its Prime Minister, a post in which he would continue from 1910 on for South Africa at large. Botha petitioned Kitchener to return the four sentinels and the panels to South Africa to accompany the statue in Church Square, but Kitchener claimed he couldn't return those in his possession, claiming they were not spoils of war but a personal gift from Marks. The Pretoria City Council turned to Marks, Van Wouw, and finally Kitchener, but none of them could find the missing statue. 36: 622:. Kitchener, on Marks showing him Van Wouw's photographs of the statues, asked Marks to keep them as souvenirs of the people he conquered; Marks replied: "They are in Delagoa Bay and cost an arm and a leg, take them off my hands!" Kitchener sent the sculptures off on the first ship home with two exceptions: a chest containing the Kruger sculpture and a wooden model of a gun, of no interest to Kitchener, which stayed in the sheds of the African Boating Company in 393:. He remained abroad until 1 April 1898, when he returned to Pretoria. In the meantime, he worked on the monument for £40 a month on a two-year deadline (along with reimbursement for forging and casting expenses). His family was also granted free travel to and from Europe, including work sites there. By December 1896, he was in Europe, first discussing his proposals with the Envoy of the Republic and experts on modeling and casting in the Netherlands. The Envoy, 693:, who said it could be done for a mere £380, but while they appropriated £500 for Van Wouw's missing material, they found the plaster casts and sketches unavailable. This left taking bronze casts of the British originals to reforge as the only remaining option, one beyond the means of the council at an estimated cost of at least £1,760. Once again reaching out to Marks, the Council finally won his agreement to put Kruger up on the pedestal in Prince's Park. 539:...they can work high or low, I will continue my work, do my duty, and try to fully convey my impression of the national character of the Transvaal people and their Kruger. After all, it would be ridiculous to sacrifice one's public work for a few months of profit. It would be worse if the work was a failure, but I am working that it may not be one. You or someone else must speak to Lord Marks about it, however, as I am right now facing this alone. 739:

corps there said that even though South Africa would volunteer to complete the task, they were unwilling to part with a memento of the "brave and honourable men" whom they fought against in 1899-1902 and fought alongside in 1914–1918; they also treasured the donation from the late Lord Kitchener (who had died in 1916), whom they held "in special regard and honour." Therefore, copies made at South Africa's expense were all the nation would get.

797:, the S.A. Vrouefederasie (South African Women's Federation]] and the Pretoria Cultural Council petitioned the City Council to move the statue to Church Square. In fact, the Kruger Committee met with over 20,000 members in October 1936 to pressure the mayor, but the council was unmoved. The Cultural Council's Kruger Committee, chiefly tasked with holding the annual Kruger Festival, spun off on its own as the Kruger Society ( 602:

church building on the church square and right between the House of Parliament and the Supreme Court." The Executive Council (of which Kruger was chair) debated siting for five months and concurred with Marks on 2 June 1899. In the meantime, Marks had hired an architect, W. J. de Zwaan, to build a pedestal; once the plans were approved, he had a Scottish firm secure and sand the appropriate granite slabs.

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designs unifying the plaza around the statue, and asked for the Pretoria Institute for Architecture (PIA) and the Kruger Society's cooperation. Both organizations agreed, the latter on the condition that a majority of the judges would have the final say on the chosen design, but the PIA by-laws prohibited its members from participating in outside competitions.

344:, Superintendent of Education and an art expert, considered bronze preferable to marble given the latter's lesser ability to handle the Transvaal climate; Mansvelt also believed the Government should approve the order rather than leaving it up to Marks himself. Marks agreed and soon they settled on Van Wouw, a completely unknown figure in the art world. 718:

means to his people when he is surrounded by sturdy Boers." Botha contacted Kitchener once more to return the four other figures, to which he agreed to "willingly" return the two he owned "to meet the wish of the people of South Africa," but only in return for copies; the two owned by the Royal Engineers were not his to return, but the

397:, worried that the top hat would cast a shadow over Kruger's face and hide his features, to which Van Wouw held firm, explaining that it would be unthinkable for a Transvaal Boer such as Kruger to stand hat-less under the African sun. The Envoy's only contribution to the final work was a Bible quote on one side of the pedestal, namely 618:, since they were not priority items. Marks had to pay a king's ransom to salvage them and felt it wasn't worth the cost, losing interest when he realized the Boers would lose the war after the British took Pretoria. Marks spent the war on his farm, Zwartkoppies, as a passive spectator, but did receive a visit from 725:

Botha was willing to accept this arrangement, but at a cost of £520 per statue for a total of £2,080, he let the issue go. In 1917, Botha had to visit London briefly and was asked by the mayor to try and secure the statues again, but Botha explained that he had been negotiating for four years in vain

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Bruno had agreed with Van Wouw on using a 92% copper, 8% tin mixture for the bronze, while Van Wouw worked on the Voortrekkers and the bas-reliefs. He had eight months to plaster-cast the Voortrekkers: one with his left elbow on his knee, his chin folded in his hands, and a gun's muzzle on the ground

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attended and addressed the crowd. The Kruger statue was moved from Pretoria Station on 25 June 1954 and placed on 28 June on the pedestal facing north as the society had recently decided. One year after the cornerstone was laid, on 10 October 1954, Malan unveiled the monument, complete with the four

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proposed a plan to city council for the overall development of the capital, including the Kruger statue in Church Square. The impressed council scrapped all previous plans on 28 September 1950, enlisting the Kruger Society to raise the statue on the Square under the conditions of strict adherence to

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and that "spoils of conquest" from Afrikaners should be replaced with "trophies of our enemies" there. The Mayor of Chatham replied that the statues belonged not to the council but to the Royal Engineers, who in turn said returning the artwork required the consent of the full membership. The officer

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After two years of research, the city council once again asked Marks if he could release the Kruger statue, still stored in Lourenço Marques, for construction; Marks insisted he would only do so when the council agreed to complete the entire monument according to his initial design. The city council

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statue of Kruger at a place of its subject's choice. However, Marks stipulated that "if possible," the statue should be commissioned directly from him, simply requiring whoever was interested to say in whose name and in what bank the money should be deposited. On 5 September Marks got his reply: the

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and Botha were absent, the former due to illness and the latter to attend to urgent parliamentary matters. The unveiling coincided with an agriculture fair and was attended by 3,000 citizens. At the ceremony, Burger expressed it hope that the statue would one day take its "rightful place" in Church

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The chairman of the Kruger Society and the mayor of Pretoria made a joint appeal for citizen donations, earning £4,000 for the relocation. In consultation with Van Wouw, who had never preferred Marks's choice of pedestal, Kruger Society architect J. M. van der Westhuizen planned a new base for the

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proclaimed that: "I sincerely wish, from my heart and for my people, that this statue be moved to Church Square, to the center of the city, so it can take the place it deserves. There should also be an effort to bring back the missing pieces to South Africa, for one can only understand what Kruger

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for material, but given Marks' supervision of the pedestal carving, it's not clear how much input Van Wouw had. Marks also preferred to substitute Kruger's intended Burgers Park with a more accessible location, "in the center of the city" where every visitor would see it, ideally "just west of the

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and thereby won a year extension from Marks, whose business partner Lord Isaac Lewis's frequent progress checks betrayed someone "with no real idea of art" who "thought an artwork could be made with the same mentality as a board" in Van Wouw's estimation. The sculptor told Lewis "that I will never

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an inseparable part of him, something which critics would later lambaste Van Wouw for portraying. To them he replied: "Without them I would not recognize him! With the tailcoat and top hat, I would! "Van Wouw tried to portray the "everyday" Kruger: Kruger on his porch, with citizens at 6:00 in the

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On 12 June 1951, the Kruger Society decided to abandon Moerdijk's idea of placing the Kruger statue at the southern entrance of Church Square and return to advocating the central location, to which the statue was to be moved by 10 October 1954 (Kruger's birthday), or on 16 December 1954 (the 50th

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keynote address, but Gen. Smuts and Wolmarans both spoke as well. While Hertzog and Smuts concentrated on the subject's character and deeds, Wolmarans once more emphasized that Station Square could not hold a candle to Church Square, "the heart of Kruger City," as a suitable place for the statue.

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party, who complained to the Lieutenant-Governor and told the council that "we are deeply disappointed...and...this can be considered nothing but an insult to our people." He vowed that "We know that there are many today who are eager to see our people's traditions dragged through the mud, but we

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unveiled the statue on 10 October 1925, the centennial of Kruger's birth, while surrounded by the flags of the Orange Free State and ZAR in front of a crowd of 25,000. The ceremony was attended by, among others, the Governor-General and his spouse, as well as the entire Cabinet. Hertzog gave the

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of a church would be. An honorary stele and bell tower would be built behind the statue, with the Boer figures on the sides rather than around the base of the Kruger statue. The Kruger Society approved the plan, while the city council suggested an open national competition to gather architect's

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It is my vision for the pedestal, the Boers, and the President's likeness to coexist as one unit, according to architect's plans in consultation with myself, on Church Square where the fountain and fishpond are currently. As a sculptor, I refuse to have the statue I love and care for so much be

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in 1838 to kick off another advocacy campaign. The city council fielded thousands of letters from various individuals and organizations, including branches of the Transvaal Education Association, the Organizing Committee of the Paardekraal Voortrekker Centennial Festival, the Carriage Reception

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time and two were from Van Wouw's epoch, and each surveyed to one of the four cardinal directions. They were meant not to be trained soldiers but typical citizen militias: sedentary but watchful, surrounding Van Wouw's central figure and symbol of Kruger's position as father in the heart of his

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of the 1881 treaty signing at O'Neill's Cottage that Van Wouw considered a poor depiction of the moment. The Transvaal government once more helped by providing photos of people that would appear in the panels, Boer women in typical finery, and typical gatherings of Boers with ox-wagons such as

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and Vivian Sydney Rees-Poole) and their colleagues from the Kruger Society. It turned out that the council preferred the southern entrance of the square as a location for the statue, while the society favored the center. Van Wouw took the Kruger Society's position in two firm letters stating:

886:), and all their spouses. Both Anglo and Afrikaner individuals, schools, churches, municipalities, businesses, cultural organizations, and other groups pitched in. On 10 October 1953, Malan laid the cornerstone of a new pedestal in front of a crowd of around 15,000, and Dutch Prime Minister 606:, head of the ZAR Department of Public Works: to him a Transvaal President's statue belonged on Transvaal granite, and only the machinery needed to be imported. He was overruled, however, and Marks had 200 tons of red, smooth-polished Aberdeen granite ready in July 1899 to house the statue. 680:

granted generous terms to the Boers (due to their continued resistance to the British in the final years of the Boer War), Afrikaners were able to elect their own government in 1906, just four years after the end of the conflict. Kruger died in 1904, and the Transvaal Colony elected Botha,

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stated its intent to open a criminal case of malicious damage against the perpetrators. Following the vandalism and a pledge by the EFF to destroy the statue, numerous people voiced support for the statue. Sunette Bridges chained herself to the statue to prevent further damage, with

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stipulating that the pedestal be removed from its central location and that the council say where they were moving it, be it Burgers Park or elsewhere. The Council decided on Prince's Park and so there the pedestal was erected. This provoked bitter Afrikaner protest, led by Gen.

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morning seeking him out not necessarily to discuss politics but perhaps simply to seek advice on healing a sick cow or consolation on a recent loss. For Van Wouw, Kruger was the cornerstone of independence, and the monument should therefore reflect his "everyday" qualities.

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the Holford's plan and council approval of the final product. The cost and time requirements were quite unpopular, and oral agreements were not forthcoming: the Old Pretoria Society voiced its displeasure openly, and even the Kruger Society eventually rejected it.

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Kitchener was determined that the remaining Kruger statue never be raised on African soil, considering him the personification of what the British called "Krugerism." The Pretoria City Council thus received a brief in the name of the Lieutenant Governor of the

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masses. The fourth panel would depict Kruger's first swearing-in ceremony as president in 1883. This was the only panel not to vex Van Wouw, who was in Holland at the time but would later attend the President's third inauguration in Church Square in 1893.

566:(at the time around £2,360), a quarter for delivering the Kruger figure itself, a quarter for that of two modern Boers, and the rest for completion and packaging of all castings. Van Wouw would be able to inspect the work at the foundry at any time. 461:

Another problem arose with the four bronze panels Van Wouw's model had separating the sentries on each side of the pedestal. Each panel was to show an event from Kruger's life, starting with his teenage shepherding beside his father during the

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Van Wouw was eager to put up the statue, but Kruger said it had to wait until the war was over, and so it would never be raised in the ZAR. On 11 October 1899, shortly before the cast models and panels were due to arrive in South Africa, the

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When Van Wouw began modeling the Voortrekker figures under fire, he did not know what they looked in full regalia, unlike the familiar Kruger himself and the two modern Boers he simply showed as he had seen them since arrival, namely with a

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proclaiming armed resistance on 8 December 1880; this panel was to accompany that depicting the Peace of Laing's Nek. Once again, visual evidence was lacking, with no photos available from the Paardekraal event and only a drawing from

76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG). 521:

shortly after arriving in Europe. Like other sculptors there, he hired artists to model his designs, but was dissatisfied in what he saw as a misunderstanding of the national character of a Transvaal Boer as depicted in the

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Committee, and others; even Anglo groups such as the Sons of England, the New Guard, and the Hatfield Ratepayers Association joined the effort. The city council stalled, hoping interest would flag, but on 9 March 1939, the

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By May 1898, Van Wouw had finished three of the five planned plaster-cast models: the one of Kruger, standing 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in), and the two modern Boer sentinels, each 2.22 m (7 ft

750:. Smuts enlisted Milner in November 1920, appealing to the latter's desire to mend his unpopularity post-Boer-War with a gesture of gratitude to the Afrikaners' newly proven loyalty. Milner contacted the 376:

His sketch model portrayed Kruger in formal state attire, standing quietly on the pedestal, in what Van Wouw considered a paternal attitude. Two of the four Boers portrayed below his statue were from the

822:, widow of the last president of the Orange Free State. At this point, the city council declared the new pedestal architecturally out of step with Church Square, a matter probed by two architects ( 1687: 928:

in military uniforms starting to guard the statue. A rally also took place next to the statue requesting it to be left alone as part of South Africa's cultural history. This ended with

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also put in his efforts. Succeeding Botha after the latter's death in 1919 as Prime Minister of the Union, Smuts was popular in Britain for his contributions to the war effort and the

321:. He has been described by some as autocratic, narrow-minded, and ruthless; rumor had it that the "oligarchy" (as the government was called then) would soon be overthrown in Pretoria. 409:

According to the Envoy, Kruger was partial to the verses, but Kruger was unhappy with praise to him given his belief that such should only go to God, therefore asking to substitute

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In his other letter, Van Wouw claimed that Kruger himself had personally told the artist in the presence of several Volksraad members that it belonged at that location.

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unanimously motioned for the city council to solve the matter definitively, and on 29 May, the majority of the latter agreed to relocate the statue at no cost to them.

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with Kitchener and did not wish to continue doing so. The council once again sought Marks' help to no avail. In August 1920, Edward P. Mathers, editor of the newspaper

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He will call on me, and I will answer him; I will be with him in trouble, I will deliver him and honor him. With long life I will satisfy him and show him my salvation.

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from 1883 to 1900, and four unnamed Boer soldiers. The Statue of Paul Kruger was sculpted in 1896 and was installed in its current location in Church Square in 1954.

805:) with just such a relocation as the ultimate goal. Enlisting the help of other Afrikaner cultural organizations, the society used the centennial reenactment of the 466:. Unable to find surviving photos or other information from this time, Van Wouw got permission to instead start with the signing of the 1881 peace accord ending the 1159: 442:

gun. No photos and precious few descriptions survived of old Voortrekker gear, however, so Van Wouw wired Pretoria to send him a full Voortrekker kit, including a

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monument. Van Wouw's approval was followed by that of the full society, which proceeded to arrange for an unveiling on Church Square on 10 October 1941, by Mrs.

1280: 483: 1717: 474:. At that event, then Vice-president Kruger set the conditions with the British representatives for their withdrawal after a resounding Boer victory at the 385:

On 7 October 1896, more than thirteen months after Marks' initial donation, he and Kruger agreed to have Van Wouw leave for Europe to supervise the work in

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people and of the Republic's freedom. Marks and members of the Volksraad and Executive Council of the Republic came to view the sketch, which was approved.

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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

758:, and on 12 September of that year, it arrived at last in Pretoria. All that was missing was the monogram "K," which was lost and never returned. 87: 1697: 903:

in South Africa, there had been calls for the removal of the statue from its location due to it being viewed as an "icon of apartheid" by some

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placed anywhere where its greatness would fall to the wayside. The center of Church Square is the designated place and there it must be built.

619: 847:, suggested placing the statue near the southern entrance to Church Square as the "psychological center" to what he envisioned as a kind of 751: 635: 324:

Marks had his chief accountant draft a proposal to the President and Executive Council offering £10,000 to the city of Pretoria to build a

969: 337:. The money was deposited in a dedicated account at the National Bank of the South African Republic in the name of the Treasurer-General. 417:

Look to the Lord and his strength; seek his face always. Remember the wonders he has done, his miracles, and the judgments he pronounced.

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Assuming the monument would never be built, the Pretoria City Council authorized a World War I memorial on Church Square, but then

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and a girls' school after a brief stint as a store clerk. An admirer of Kruger's like Marks, Van Wouw considered the President's

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Due to the circumstances under which the monument was raised, this wish went unfulfilled and no text appeared on the pedestal.

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Afrikaans Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.

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Women's Auxiliary) by declaring that there would be no monument whatsoever there. The memorial would be put in front of the

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Donations were once again sought, with an estimated £20,000 needed, but construction began during fundraising, fostered by

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show an agreement between Van Wouw and Marks that the latter would choose the best of several exemplars of

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soldiers at the corners below the main plinth. In 1956, the statue was moved to its current location at

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compromise Kruger's monument or my good name for any lucre." He wrote to his father shortly afterward:

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in 1877. The second bronze panel also posed problems, and Van Wouw considered scrapping it until the

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The Cabinet chiefs and other officials of the Republic debated the finer points of the statue. Dr.

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Van Wouw arrived in Pretoria to find a pedestal on Church Square, halfway between the

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Royal Military Academies, moving them after complaints to a pedestal in front of the

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and just west of the church in the middle of the square. Correspondence from the

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Government thanked him "for his rich gift" and informed him that Kruger deemed

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of Rustenburg leaping into the fray among enemy soldiers at the Battle of

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Van Wouw came to the ZAR as a young man and settled in Pretoria, teaching

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an ideal site and pledged for any surplus money to be spent to found the

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decided to simply recast the missing Boers and panels on the advice of

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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

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broke out. While they were gradually imported, they could not go past

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government was free to produce replicas of them at its own expense.

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Commandant-General of Boer forces in the War and then leader of the

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near the Boer War Memorial Arch. Placing them under the care of the

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initially claimed responsibility but later retracted this when the

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responded to an 13 August 1920 protest from Mrs. H. Jooste (of the

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Van Wouw's letter came to naught, and the issue was dropped until

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Royal Dutch Gold and Silver Workshop or J.M. van Kempen and Sons

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In August 1895, the Kruger government was unpopular among the

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The statue of Paul Kruger on Church Square in central Pretoria

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While the public campaign to return the statue failed, Gen.

1140:"Steve Hofmeyr, Sunette Bridges defend Paul Kruger statue" 293:. Along with Paul Kruger, the sculpture has four unnamed 993:

Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation

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National Museum of Natural History (Transvaal Museum)

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singing the former national anthem of South Africa, "

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National Archives and Records Service of South Africa

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National Museum of Cultural History (African Window)

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and the Kruger statue on the square in front of the

526:. Admiring Boer valor in the First Boer War and the 69: 1654: 1558: 1522: 1476: 1442: 1341: 1332: 1279: 882:, all Provincial Administrators (including that of 859:At this point a new development emerged: Professor 486:persuaded him to keep the scene of the 29-year-old 454:but gathered what they needed from citizens of the 245:political and military leader and President of the 189: 179: 169: 161: 151: 134: 1688:1896 establishments in the South African Republic 269:, who was an enthusiastic supporter of President 972:. South African History Online. 11 October 1954 265:, an industrialist who made his fortune in the 1049:"South African war on colonial past escalates" 301:with a new pedestal and was unveiled there by 94:accompanying your translation by providing an 60:Click for important translation instructions. 47:expand this article with text translated from 1204: 484:State Secretary of the South African Republic 8: 277:. The statue portrays Paul Kruger wearing a 1499:National Zoological Gardens of South Africa 1118:"Cecil Rhodes monument: A necessary anger?" 795:Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge 1338: 1211: 1197: 1189: 991:Carlin, John (2012). "7: The Tiger King". 793:Over the years, organizations such as the 131: 27:Bronze sculpture in Pretoria, South Africa 257:The statue was first sculpted in 1896 by 947:Die Geskiedenis van die Krugerstandbeeld 1043: 1041: 958: 1014: 1012: 7: 964: 962: 752:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 636:Royal School of Military Engineering 517:Van Wouw set up shop in a studio in 1718:Monuments and memorials in Pretoria 1381:Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum 317:mining managers and capitalists of 1743:Outdoor sculptures in South Africa 1738:Relocated buildings and structures 1733:Cultural depictions of Paul Kruger 1484:Pretoria National Botanical Garden 907:activists. In 2015, following the 106:{{Translated|af|Krugerstandbeeld}} 25: 1703:Bronze sculptures in South Africa 1096:"EFF wants Paul Kruger torn down" 949:. Pretoria: Die Krugergenootskap. 671: 873:Governor-General of South Africa 140: 34: 1576:Metropolitan routes in Pretoria 1464:Solomon Mahlangu Freedom Square 1434:Fort Klapperkop Military Museum 1371:Tswaing Meteorite Crater Museum 1142:. Eyewitness News. 8 April 2015 715:Andries Daniël Wynand Wolmarans 458:district who still had pieces. 395:J. G. T. Beelaerts van Blokland 1019:Alex Mitchley (7 April 2015). 861:William Holford, Baron Holford 672:The statue's return from exile 104:You may also add the template 1: 1698:Afrikaner culture in Pretoria 812:Transvaal Provincial Council 762:The last struggle: 1925–1954 945:Breytenbach, J. H. (1954). 501:The Illustrated London News 117:Knowledge (XXG):Translation 1764: 425:The search for inspiration 261:following a commission by 68:Machine translation, like 1234: 1120:. BBC News. 11 April 2015 917:Economic Freedom Fighters 905:African National Congress 139: 49:the corresponding article 1667:Statue of Nelson Mandela 934:Die Stem van Suid-Afrika 783:Pretoria railway station 513:The making of the statue 470:at O'Neill's Cottage in 275:Pretoria railway station 1713:Vandalized works of art 1424:Police Transport Museum 348:Van Wouw and his design 115:For more guidance, see 1708:Public art in Pretoria 1409:Van Tilburg Collection 1324:Sacred Heart Cathedral 995:. Atlantic Books Ltd. 834: 802: 748:Paris Peace Conference 710:Martinus Theunis Steyn 541: 419: 407: 267:South African Republic 247:South African Republic 218: 1748:Statues of presidents 1662:Statue of Paul Kruger 1399:Mapungubwe Collection 1175:25.74645°S 28.18806°E 899:Following the end of 829: 820:Rachel Isabella Steyn 732:Francis William Reitz 720:Union of South Africa 678:Treaty of Vereeniging 537: 532:Willem Johannes Leyds 476:Battle of Majuba Hill 415: 403: 360:classes at the state 303:Daniel François Malan 237:. The statue depicts 225:sculpture located in 211:Statue of Paul Kruger 135:Statue of Paul Kruger 88:copyright attribution 18:Statue of Paul Kruger 1566:Ben Schoeman Freeway 1299:Voortrekker Monument 876:Ernest George Jansen 845:Voortrekker Monument 702:Schalk Willem Burger 480:Theophilus Shepstone 1723:Statues in Pretoria 1443:Streets and squares 1429:Pretoria Art Museum 1180:-25.74645; 28.18806 1171: / 843:, architect of the 1454:Sammy Marks Square 1366:Sammy Marks Museum 1289:Pretoria City Hall 96:interlanguage link 1675: 1674: 1514:Pretoria Rosarium 1477:Parks and gardens 1389: 1388: 1314:Palace of Justice 884:South West Africa 878:, Prime Minister 768:Mayor of Pretoria 706:Orange Free State 584:Palace of Justice 446:, bandolier, and 283:presidential sash 207: 206: 128: 127: 61: 57: 16:(Redirected from 1755: 1605:Regional routes 1593:Platinum Highway 1580:National routes 1535:Fountains Valley 1459:Pretorius Square 1419:Air Force Museum 1339: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1092: 1086: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1045: 1036: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1016: 1007: 1006: 988: 982: 981: 979: 977: 966: 909:Rhodes Must Fall 803:Krugergenootskap 787:J. B. M. Hertzog 696:On 24 May 1913, 656:Transvaal Colony 624:Lourenço Marques 574:Shattered dreams 557: 556: 552: 549: 452:Transvaal Museum 219:Krugerstandbeeld 144: 132: 107: 101: 74:Google Translate 59: 55: 38: 37: 30: 21: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1693:1896 sculptures 1678: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1650: 1571:Pretoria Bypass 1554: 1523:Nature reserves 1518: 1472: 1438: 1414:Van Wouw Museum 1385: 1343:Ditsong Museums 1328: 1294:Union Buildings 1275: 1230: 1217: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1155: 1145: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1101: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1079: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1047: 1046: 1039: 1029: 1027: 1018: 1017: 1010: 1003: 990: 989: 985: 975: 973: 968: 967: 960: 956: 942: 921:City of Tshwane 897: 841:Gerard Moerdijk 779:Union Buildings 764: 674: 644:Royal Engineers 612:Second Boer War 576: 554: 550: 547: 545: 515: 427: 350: 311: 255: 147: 124: 123: 122: 105: 99: 62: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 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952: 951: 950: 941: 938: 896: 893: 775:National Party 763: 760: 673: 670: 620:Lord Kitchener 590:office of the 575: 572: 514: 511: 468:First Boer War 426: 423: 349: 346: 310: 307: 259:Anton Van Wouw 254: 251: 205: 204: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 156:Anton van Wouw 153: 149: 148: 145: 137: 136: 126: 125: 121: 120: 113: 102: 80: 77: 66: 63: 44: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1760: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 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Retrieved 1134: 1122:. Retrieved 1112: 1100:. Retrieved 1090: 1078:. Retrieved 1068: 1056:. Retrieved 1052: 1028:. Retrieved 1024: 992: 986: 974:. Retrieved 946: 911:campaign in 898: 888:Willem Drees 870: 866: 858: 849:amphitheater 838: 835: 830: 824:Gordon Leith 816: 792: 771:George Brink 765: 741: 728:South Africa 727: 724: 713:Square, and 698:Victoria Day 695: 687: 682: 675: 652: 608: 604:Sytze Wierda 582:and the new 577: 568: 542: 538: 528:Jameson Raid 516: 460: 428: 420: 416: 408: 404: 384: 375: 351: 339: 335:Pretoria Zoo 331:Burgers Park 323: 319:Johannesburg 312: 256: 235:South Africa 210: 208: 202:South Africa 129: 92:edit summary 83: 56:(April 2015) 54: 51:in Afrikaans 46: 1550:Faerie Glen 1469:Time Square 1319:Ou Raadsaal 1178: / 1025:The Citizen 895:Controversy 891:sentinels. 880:D. F. Malan 736:World War I 691:Fanie Eloff 661:Louis Botha 648:Broome Park 616:Delagoa Bay 580:Ou Raadsaal 524:bas-reliefs 496:Krugersdorp 492:Makapansgat 472:Laing's Nek 444:powder horn 379:Voortrekker 271:Paul Kruger 263:Sammy Marks 239:Paul Kruger 184:Paul Kruger 1682:Categories 1545:Wonderboom 1540:Klapperkop 1530:Groenkloof 1256:Mass media 1166:28°11′17″E 1163:25°44′47″S 954:References 926:Afrikaners 807:Great Trek 708:President 488:commandant 464:Great Trek 456:Rustenburg 309:Background 1281:Buildings 1271:Transport 1239:Education 1053:The Times 913:Cape Town 901:apartheid 851:, as the 799:Afrikaans 756:Cape Town 744:Jan Smuts 632:Sandhurst 506:communion 448:flintlock 436:bandolier 411:Psalm 105 362:gymnasium 315:Uitlander 215:Afrikaans 110:talk page 1249:Timeline 1220:Pretoria 1146:14 April 1124:14 April 1102:14 April 1080:14 April 1058:14 April 1030:14 April 976:14 April 683:Het Volk 665:Het Volk 663:and his 628:Woolwich 596:Scottish 438:, and a 401::15-16: 399:Psalm 91 366:tailcoat 354:Dutchman 231:Pretoria 198:Pretoria 190:Location 86:provide 1334:Museums 1244:History 1224:Tshwane 940:Sources 700:, Gen. 676:As the 640:Chatham 599:granite 588:Gauteng 553:⁄ 370:top hat 358:drawing 285:with a 279:top hat 253:History 221:) is a 180:Subject 108:to the 90:in the 53:. 1261:People 1098:. ENCA 1076:. ENCA 999: 853:pulpit 413::4-5: 387:France 326:marble 291:plinth 241:, the 223:bronze 174:Bronze 152:Artist 1655:Other 1559:Roads 1266:Sport 432:beard 391:Italy 289:on a 70:DeepL 1644:R514 1639:R513 1634:R104 1629:R101 1148:2015 1126:2015 1104:2015 1082:2015 1060:2015 1032:2015 997:ISBN 978:2015 630:and 564:lire 519:Rome 434:, a 389:and 368:and 352:The 295:Boer 287:cane 281:and 243:Boer 209:The 170:Type 165:1896 162:Year 84:must 82:You 1624:R80 1619:R55 1614:R50 1609:R21 1599:N14 638:in 229:in 72:or 1684:: 1589:N4 1584:N1 1226:, 1222:, 1051:. 1040:^ 1023:. 1011:^ 961:^ 801:: 650:. 305:. 233:, 217:: 200:, 196:, 1595:) 1591:( 1212:e 1205:t 1198:v 1150:. 1128:. 1106:. 1084:. 1062:. 1034:. 1005:. 980:. 555:2 551:1 548:+ 546:3 213:( 119:. 112:. 20:)

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