1840:
7377:
2244:
1735:
1829:
45:
5244:
2018:
Today, the
National Urban League has 92 affiliates serving 300 communities, in 36 states and the District of Columbia. The National Urban League provides direct services in the areas of education, health care, housing, jobs, and justice—providing services to more than 3 million people nationwide.
2045:
In May 2017, the
National Urban League produced the State of Black America TV Town Hall, which aired on TV One in 2017 and 2018. The TV Town Hall elevated social issues related to African Americans through an interview style format with celebrity guests. The show was executive produced by Rhonda
1953:
became executive director amidst the expansion of activism in the civil rights movement, which provoked a change for the League. Young substantially expanded the League's fund-raising ability and made the League a full partner in the civil rights movement. In 1963, the League hosted the planning
1885:
In 1920, the organization took its present name, the
National Urban League. The mission of the Urban League movement, as stated by the National Urban League, is "to enable African Americans to secure economic self-reliance, parity, power and civil rights." When the organization expanded its
1670:
1557:
1877:
took the leadership of the organization. Under his direction, the League significantly expanded its multifaceted campaign to crack the barriers to black employment, spurred first by the boom years of the 1920s, and then by the desperate years of the
2010:, was appointed the league's eighth President and Chief Executive Officer. He worked to reenergize the movement's diverse constituencies by building on the legacy of the organization and increasing the profile of the organization.
6749:
6744:
6756:
1542:
6497:
1474:
1552:
6761:
1537:
1942:. As hundreds of thousands of new jobs opened up, shifting the economy from industrial manufacturing to a white-collar, service-oriented economy, the National Urban League turned its attention to placing
190:
6432:
836:
1900:'s administration, taking leave from the League to head the Department of Commerce unit for the study of "Negro problems", and serving as part of a group of African-American advisors known as the "
249:
201:
1547:
1499:
1509:
1504:
5002:
3287:
1775:
1519:
7417:
7412:
1489:
7282:
7277:
6826:
5558:
5415:
5026:
392:
7089:
5546:
2534:
233:
1927:
to protest racial discrimination in defense work and the military. A week before the March was scheduled to take place, President
Roosevelt issued an executive order creating the
6961:
4780:
1424:
1414:
2950:
1494:
171:
7407:
5074:
4922:
1484:
1479:
5656:
5229:
6245:
5380:
4982:
1514:
1394:
6739:
7287:
6527:
3533:
3424:
2844:
710:
7356:
7331:
5079:
1749:
1650:
397:
269:
123:
7402:
7341:
7336:
6268:
4987:
3325:
3244:
1768:
5716:
7057:
6893:
6602:
6592:
6250:
6240:
1943:
1704:
1684:
1444:
936:
921:
408:
7099:
6871:
4957:
4952:
4722:
3454:
3363:
1449:
1429:
4740:
7422:
7319:
6263:
6258:
3503:
1970:
for college; and "New Thrust", an effort to help local black leaders identify and solve community problems. Young also pushed for federal aid to cities.
1809:
715:
176:
3205:
1870:(founded in 1905), and was renamed the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes. Haynes served as the organization's first Executive Director.
2816:
1938–1965. 24.8 cubic feet (58 boxes). Contains material related to the
National Urban League, Seattle Urban League, and Portland Urban League. At the
6978:
6482:
5591:
5059:
3610:
3312:
1379:
1256:
290:
7326:
6956:
6477:
5699:
5531:
5280:
5094:
5049:
4717:
3600:
3528:
3254:
3134:
1985:
1963:
1761:
1699:
1464:
1419:
2601:
7292:
7252:
7094:
6998:
6927:
6532:
5008:
3396:
2996:
1665:
1409:
1404:
1389:
2558:
7351:
7346:
7314:
7084:
6988:
6951:
6732:
3374:
1384:
1369:
1276:
5493:
5488:
218:
213:
7309:
7267:
7079:
5627:
5373:
4745:
2865:
1336:
413:
402:
264:
186:
1966:. During Young's ten-year tenure at the League, he initiated programs such as "Street Academy", an alternative education system to prepare
7257:
7242:
7106:
7015:
7010:
6944:
5405:
5131:
3595:
3543:
3489:
2891:
1439:
1399:
1341:
1296:
156:
1938:, Black veterans who fought racial hatred overseas returned to the United States determined to fight it at home, giving new energy to the
7232:
7069:
7039:
6821:
6400:
5612:
5109:
3538:
3474:
2837:
2625:
1326:
1306:
1151:
720:
566:
7222:
7116:
7032:
6876:
6657:
6457:
5608:
5586:
3548:
3523:
3508:
3237:
2905:
2757:
2441:
1928:
1454:
1434:
988:
853:
285:
7369:
5759:
5410:
5054:
4927:
3401:
3178:
2265:
1887:
334:
166:
7297:
7262:
7247:
7005:
6607:
5851:
5821:
5637:
5366:
5089:
4831:
3302:
3189:
1744:
1680:
1291:
941:
354:
254:
7304:
7227:
7022:
6898:
6866:
6597:
6462:
6167:
5806:
5116:
5104:
3580:
3518:
1246:
1113:
931:
858:
2712:
7074:
6968:
6883:
6487:
2830:
2761:
2027:
1894:
1655:
1331:
1281:
7111:
7044:
7027:
6973:
6922:
6861:
6766:
6727:
6667:
6467:
5856:
5836:
5643:
5622:
5126:
5069:
4868:
3210:
3183:
3001:
2007:
1346:
1316:
1301:
1286:
1261:
1241:
863:
497:
364:
3338:
2456:
Thomas, Jesse. "Urban League
Bulletin." The Atlanta Constitution (1881–1945): 1. Jan 25 1942. ProQuest. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.
6934:
6910:
6905:
6888:
6856:
6799:
5912:
5861:
5694:
5273:
5248:
5214:
5121:
4977:
4962:
4586:
4106:
3630:
3431:
3227:
1912:
1813:
1374:
1266:
1251:
1236:
1203:
502:
181:
7199:
7191:
7134:
7049:
6537:
6442:
6298:
6280:
6182:
5841:
5811:
5536:
5456:
5435:
5289:
5021:
4755:
4516:
3513:
3479:
3459:
3343:
3222:
2929:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1321:
793:
584:
554:
492:
441:
369:
259:
7217:
7154:
7144:
6694:
6452:
6412:
5769:
5463:
5099:
4967:
4937:
3921:
3676:
3565:
3495:
2966:
2035:
1973:
1612:
1592:
1095:
1030:
803:
705:
672:
459:
344:
7126:
6939:
6771:
6332:
5831:
5669:
5476:
4765:
4596:
4566:
4501:
3986:
3625:
3605:
3575:
3484:
3418:
3391:
3357:
3100:
2881:
2334:
Dodson, N. "New
Chapter in Social Uplift." Afro-American (1893–1988): 2. Dec 30 1911. ProQuest. Web. 6 Feb. 2016.
1567:
1311:
1271:
560:
2626:"The National Urban League just released a report that shows black America has a lot to worry about under Trump"
6816:
6380:
6293:
5937:
5726:
5541:
5481:
5471:
5397:
4666:
4626:
4151:
4056:
3464:
3413:
3406:
3379:
3319:
3110:
3034:
2270:
1146:
926:
773:
657:
431:
312:
140:
3200:
7149:
6699:
6353:
6322:
6102:
6042:
5907:
5650:
5266:
5016:
4431:
4201:
3866:
3846:
3761:
3716:
3292:
3249:
3232:
3070:
3039:
2991:
2912:
2023:
that serves as its research, policy and advocacy arm on issues relating to
Congress and the Administration.
1989:
1660:
1602:
1065:
1025:
748:
647:
525:
339:
7064:
1988:, a position which he held until his sudden death in 1988. Pendleton sought to steer the commission in the
6794:
6032:
5826:
5816:
5754:
5564:
5503:
4471:
4206:
4191:
4186:
4061:
3916:
3756:
3701:
3271:
3121:
3044:
3015:
2977:
1959:
359:
349:
329:
7139:
6652:
6517:
6288:
6007:
5972:
5791:
5774:
5581:
5498:
5064:
4601:
4416:
4046:
3951:
3931:
3901:
3590:
3332:
3297:
3195:
3159:
2853:
1977:
1939:
1897:
1855:
983:
973:
905:
652:
642:
542:
223:
73:
31:
2783:
1839:
2583:
7381:
6789:
6552:
6363:
6315:
6187:
6077:
5982:
5749:
5739:
5711:
5576:
5430:
5307:
5084:
4972:
4770:
4651:
4556:
4366:
3996:
3154:
2886:
2488:
2400:
2260:
2249:
2103:
1886:
facilities to conduct more research in 1920, the new
Department of Research came under the charge of
1874:
1859:
1739:
1191:
436:
228:
161:
77:
2053:, which discusses persistent policy, social and civil rights issues affecting communities of color.
7169:
7164:
6522:
6437:
5917:
5706:
5596:
5526:
4847:
4808:
4356:
4316:
4266:
4176:
4136:
4111:
4066:
3871:
3826:
3671:
3651:
3620:
3615:
3558:
3469:
3264:
3217:
3167:
3128:
2787:
2766:
2649:
1967:
1607:
1090:
1085:
1047:
464:
295:
7237:
7174:
6917:
6375:
6142:
6122:
6027:
5952:
5779:
5684:
5674:
5662:
5553:
5450:
5425:
5337:
5164:
4932:
4916:
4909:
4888:
4880:
4874:
4837:
4671:
4581:
4561:
4486:
4466:
4456:
4436:
4351:
4236:
4181:
4126:
4031:
3811:
3726:
3385:
3369:
3349:
3115:
3080:
3007:
2793:
2493:
2199:
2167:
1996:
1955:
1916:
978:
763:
530:
507:
196:
1804:
organization based in New York City that advocates on behalf of economic and social justice for
6684:
6405:
6067:
6037:
5632:
5389:
5331:
5032:
4947:
4942:
4902:
4775:
4546:
4531:
4496:
4276:
4196:
4141:
3926:
3090:
3085:
2957:
2943:
2936:
2897:
2437:
2183:
1163:
783:
624:
131:
2383:
6840:
6811:
6806:
6704:
6672:
6645:
6370:
5987:
5957:
5947:
5942:
5509:
5209:
5194:
5184:
5154:
4895:
4842:
4691:
4676:
4641:
4506:
4451:
4441:
4336:
4211:
4146:
4021:
3936:
3896:
3886:
3876:
3861:
3856:
3831:
3721:
3105:
3020:
2983:
2466:
1981:
1879:
1833:
1805:
1158:
1015:
843:
778:
758:
667:
2559:"The National Urban League's State of Black America Townhall: How Far Have We Really Come?"
6835:
6662:
6572:
6567:
6348:
6303:
6157:
6147:
6127:
6112:
6012:
5887:
5877:
5516:
5258:
5204:
5189:
5174:
4992:
4621:
4611:
4571:
4551:
4511:
4386:
4376:
4341:
4301:
4286:
4221:
4086:
4036:
3966:
3851:
3801:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3751:
3736:
3731:
3706:
3646:
3570:
3173:
3144:
3139:
3095:
3075:
3054:
3026:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2119:
1186:
993:
743:
662:
2817:
2709:
Not Alms but
Opportunity: The Urban League and the Politics of Racial Uplift, 1910–1950.
7272:
6677:
6640:
6630:
6390:
6385:
6327:
6162:
6092:
6022:
6017:
5521:
5445:
5313:
5243:
5224:
4813:
4661:
4646:
4576:
4526:
4491:
4476:
4461:
4421:
4401:
4391:
4346:
4331:
4311:
4081:
4051:
4041:
4011:
4001:
3911:
3881:
3681:
3307:
3259:
3149:
2771:
2135:
1908:
1645:
1070:
1040:
798:
788:
619:
17:
7396:
6230:
6212:
6202:
6172:
6117:
6072:
6057:
6002:
5992:
5977:
5927:
5922:
5892:
5689:
5617:
5440:
5325:
5319:
5219:
5149:
4997:
4863:
4686:
4616:
4521:
4371:
4306:
4291:
4281:
4241:
4166:
4156:
4116:
4101:
3991:
3981:
3941:
3891:
3766:
3691:
3661:
2818:
Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
2151:
1950:
1920:
1901:
1714:
1709:
2822:
2808:
Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections
1828:
6542:
6310:
6235:
6207:
6192:
6177:
6132:
6107:
6087:
5997:
5967:
5962:
5932:
5882:
5734:
5420:
5179:
5159:
4681:
4636:
4631:
4591:
4426:
4406:
4361:
4296:
4231:
4216:
4131:
4121:
4076:
4026:
4016:
4006:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3946:
3906:
3841:
3821:
3816:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3741:
3696:
3666:
3049:
1935:
1801:
1198:
1010:
738:
601:
6498:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
6562:
6547:
6395:
6358:
6197:
6152:
6137:
5902:
5897:
5744:
5346:
5199:
5169:
4796:
4760:
4701:
4696:
4656:
4606:
4541:
4536:
4446:
4396:
4326:
4321:
4261:
4246:
4096:
4091:
3956:
3836:
3806:
3746:
3711:
2972:
2358:
Eugene Kinckle Jones: The National Urban League and Black Social Work, 1910–1940
2217:
2075:
The presidents (or executive directors) of the National Urban League have been:
2031:
2003:
1924:
1843:
1817:
1364:
1020:
873:
753:
537:
97:
6097:
6082:
6052:
6047:
5796:
5764:
5603:
5571:
4823:
4481:
4411:
4381:
4251:
4226:
4171:
4071:
3686:
3656:
2434:
Empowering Communities, Changing Lives: 100 Years of the National Urban League
2239:
469:
208:
44:
6711:
6557:
6062:
5846:
5784:
5679:
4801:
4271:
4256:
1694:
1035:
768:
547:
374:
1992:
direction in line with Reagan's views on social and civil rights policies.
2683:
Hamilton, Dona Cooper. "The National Urban League and New Deal Programs."
1911:
was appointed Executive Secretary and led the NUL's effort to support the
7184:
7179:
6689:
4161:
1080:
1005:
998:
2688:
5801:
4750:
2729:
2049:
In February 2018, the National Urban League launched a weekly podcast,
2039:
1168:
474:
6433:
Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
2297:
6635:
4818:
1075:
5358:
2678:
Defining the Struggle: National Racial Justice Organizing, 1880–1915
2020:
1864:
Committee for the Improvement of Industrial Conditions Among Negroes
6448:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
6447:
3553:
2275:
1838:
1827:
848:
6492:
2751:
878:
5362:
5262:
2826:
2680:(Oxford UP, 2013). 404pp. focus on NAACP and also Urban League.
2797:
2026:
The National Urban League is an organizational member of the
2034:. In 1989, it was the beneficiary of all proceeds from the
2695:
Blacks in the City: A History of the National Urban League
2371:
Blacks in the City: A History of the National Urban League
2345:
Blacks in the City: A History of the National Urban League
2323:
Blacks in the City: A History of the National Urban League
1976:, was, from 1975 to 1981, the head of the Urban League in
2746:
2514:
5003:
Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
4781:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
2602:"The Fine Print In The 'State Of Black America' Report"
1854:
was founded in New York City on September 29, 1910, by
5027:
African American founding fathers of the United States
3380:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
3245:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
2724:
Wood, L. Hollingsworth. "The Urban League Movement."
2347:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1971. pp. 32–34.
1890:, a rising civil rights activist recruited by Jones.
1816:
of its kind in the nation. Its current president is
7210:
7125:
6849:
6782:
6720:
6620:
6581:
6506:
6421:
6341:
6279:
6221:
5870:
5725:
5396:
5140:
5075:
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
5042:
4856:
4789:
4731:
4710:
3639:
3445:
3280:
3063:
2921:
2874:
2861:
2741:
2360:. Urbana : University of Illinois Press, 2012.
1868:
National League for the Protection of Colored Women
1671:
Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers
108:
103:
91:
83:
69:
51:
2436:. New York City: The Donning Company. p. 72.
1866:in New York (founded in New York in 1906) and the
2798:Bentley Historical Library University of Michigan
2747:National Urban League Young Professionals Website
2325:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1971. p. 28.
1798:National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes
6483:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
3611:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
1999:was appointed as president of the Urban League.
7418:Non-profit organizations based in New York City
7413:Civil rights organizations in the United States
6528:Black players in professional American football
6478:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
3601:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
3534:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
3425:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
5080:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
1962:and other civil rights leaders for the August
398:Education of freed people during the Civil War
5374:
5274:
4988:List of lynching victims in the United States
3326:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
2838:
2467:"Notable Kentucky African Americans Database"
2067:is an annual report published by the league.
1769:
8:
6241:Historically black colleges and universities
2711:(University of North Carolina Press, 2008).
409:Historically black colleges and universities
37:
3455:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
1852:Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes
393:Education during the slave period in the US
6510:
5381:
5367:
5359:
5281:
5267:
5259:
3504:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
2871:
2845:
2831:
2823:
2697:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1971.
2373:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1971.
1810:racial discrimination in the United States
1776:
1762:
1633:
1224:
1134:
961:
899:
824:
716:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
693:
589:
317:
145:
118:
43:
36:
6458:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
5060:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
172:Slavery in the colonial history of the US
5095:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
3135:University of Georgia desegregation riot
2077:
1986:United States Commission on Civil Rights
1984:tapped Pendleton as the chairman of the
1964:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
7408:African Americans' rights organizations
5009:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
4746:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
4741:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
2760:and how it gave birth to the league – "
2289:
1679:
1636:
1566:
1528:
1463:
1355:
1227:
1177:
1137:
1104:
1056:
964:
913:
827:
729:
696:
633:
610:
592:
516:
483:
450:
422:
383:
320:
277:
241:
148:
130:
7357:Topics related to the African diaspora
6463:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
4923:African-American women in the movement
3375:White House Conference on Civil Rights
3206:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
1832:Houston Area Urban League building in
7337:Landmark African-American legislation
3364:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
2806:1930–1997. 103.2 cubic feet. At the
1946:graduates in professional positions.
914:Athletic associations and conferences
403:History of African-American education
7:
7403:1910 establishments in New York City
6468:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
5132:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
3596:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
3544:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
3490:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
2967:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
2892:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
2719:The National Urban League, 1910–1940
2693:Parris, Guichard and Lester Brooks.
2584:"For The Movement on Apple Podcasts"
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2369:Parris, Guichard and Lester Brooks.
2343:Parris, Guichard and Lester Brooks.
2321:Parris, Guichard and Lester Brooks.
1862:, among others. It merged with the
837:Association for the Study of African
6822:African-American Vernacular English
3539:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
3475:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
3145:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
2702:History of the Chicago Urban League
1929:Fair Employment Practices Committee
1893:Jones played a significant role in
1651:Race and ethnicity in the US census
1152:African-American Vernacular English
721:National Conference of Black Mayors
6740:U.S. cities with large populations
6443:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
4983:African-American churches attacked
3549:Montgomery Improvement Association
3524:Georgia Council on Human Relations
3509:Council of Federated Organizations
3480:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
3238:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
3196:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
3002:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
2906:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
2794:Greater Lansing Urban League, Inc.
854:National Black Chamber of Commerce
27:American civil rights organization
25:
7423:Organizations established in 1910
5613:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
5609:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
5416:African American founding fathers
5055:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
4928:Jews in the civil rights movement
2266:Urban League of Central Carolinas
1888:Lillian Anderson Turner Alexander
1558:Places by plurality of population
224:Civil rights movement (1954–1968)
214:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
167:Abolitionism in the United States
7375:
6493:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
5638:Nadir of American race relations
5343:M. J. Little Jr. (Acting) (2003)
5249:Civil rights movement portal
5242:
5090:Freedom Riders National Monument
4832:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
3344:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
3303:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
3190:Second Emancipation Proclamation
2721:(Oxford University Press, 1974).
2242:
1733:
255:Black Belt in the American South
5499:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
5489:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
5117:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
5105:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
3581:National Council of Negro Women
3519:Deacons for Defense and Justice
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2008:mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana
1812:. It is the oldest and largest
859:National Council of Negro Women
6488:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
5494:Civil right movement 1896–1954
2997:Mansfield school desegregation
2814:Civic Unity Committee Records.
2489:"The Honorable Marc H. Morial"
2028:Coalition to Stop Gun Violence
1656:Racism against Black Americans
1:
6668:Cherokee freedmen controversy
5644:The Negro Motorist Green Book
5127:National Voting Rights Museum
5070:Civil Rights Movement Archive
4869:Lynching in the United States
4756:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
3211:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
3184:University of Chicago sit-ins
2951:Davis v. Prince Edward County
2784:National Urban League Records
2742:National Urban League website
864:National Pan-Hellenic Council
5122:National Civil Rights Museum
4978:March on Washington Movement
4963:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
3432:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
2804:Seattle Urban League Records
2764:", a 1950 presentation from
2704:(U of Missouri Press, 1966).
2042:single, "Self Destruction".
2019:The organization also has a
1814:community-based organization
1800:, is a nonpartisan historic
1666:School segregation in the US
1204:Black American Sign Language
1178:Languages and other dialects
6538:Black players in ice hockey
6473:National Urban League (NUL)
6299:American Society of Muslims
5537:Selma to Montgomery marches
5457:Brown v. Board of Education
4766:"This Little Light of Mine"
3514:Dallas County Voters League
3460:Atlanta Negro Voters League
3223:Letter from Birmingham Jail
2930:Brown v. Board of Education
2414:– via Newspapers.com.
2390:. Accessed 6 February 2016.
493:African-American businesses
7439:
6695:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
6453:Nashville Student Movement
5464:Children of the plantation
5100:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
4968:Holt Street Baptist Church
4938:16th Street Baptist Church
3922:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
3566:Nashville Student Movement
3496:An Appeal for Human Rights
2036:Stop the Violence Movement
1980:. In 1981, U.S. President
1974:Clarence M. Pendleton, Jr.
1031:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
706:Congressional Black Caucus
673:African Diaspora Religions
460:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
29:
7365:
7332:Index of related articles
6513:
6333:Doctrine of Father Divine
5717:Women's suffrage movement
5670:Reconstruction Amendments
5477:Voting Rights Act of 1965
5300:
5238:
4597:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
4567:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
3631:Women's Political Council
3626:Wednesdays in Mississippi
3621:United Auto Workers (UAW)
3606:Southern Regional Council
3576:Northern Student Movement
3485:Committee for Freedom Now
3392:Memphis sanitation strike
3358:Voting Rights Act of 1965
3101:Savannah Protest Movement
2882:Journey of Reconciliation
2407:. 6 March 1920. p. 8
2401:"Urban League Activities"
2276:Urban League of Rochester
2168:Vernon Eulion Jordan, Jr.
1796:), formerly known as the
1538:US states and territories
839:American Life and History
561:Lift Every Voice and Sing
270:Treatment of the enslaved
42:
7382:United States portal
6817:African-American English
6246:Inventors and scientists
5938:George Washington Carver
5542:Chicago Freedom Movement
5304:G. E. Haynes (1910–1918)
3465:Atlanta Student Movement
3414:Civil Rights Act of 1968
3339:1964–1965 Scripto strike
3320:Civil Rights Act of 1964
3218:1963 Birmingham campaign
3111:Civil Rights Act of 1960
3035:Civil Rights Act of 1957
2786:(1900–1988) held at the
2726:Journal of Negro History
2271:Urban League of Portland
2152:Whitney Moore Young, Jr.
2136:Lester Blackwell Granger
1740:United States portal
1147:African-American English
658:African-American Muslims
219:Jim Crow era (1896–1954)
30:Not to be confused with
7305:African-American firsts
6354:Back-to-Africa movement
6323:Black Hebrew Israelites
6103:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
5651:Partus sequitur ventrem
5017:Voter Education Project
4771:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
4432:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
3867:Josephine Dobbs Clement
3293:Chester school protests
3288:Twenty-fourth Amendment
3250:Detroit Walk to Freedom
2992:Tallahassee bus boycott
2913:Baton Rouge bus boycott
2535:"National Urban League"
1661:Reparations for slavery
749:Back-to-Africa movement
648:Black Hebrew Israelites
526:African-American beauty
57:; 113 years ago
55:September 29, 1910
7273:Spingarn Medal winners
6762:States and territories
6533:Black NFL quarterbacks
6033:Martin Luther King Jr.
5565:Dred Scott v. Sandford
5504:Montgomery bus boycott
5230:Movement photographers
4472:Bernice Johnson Reagon
4192:Martin Luther King Sr.
4187:Martin Luther King Jr.
3757:William Holmes Borders
3529:Highlander Folk School
3419:Poor People's Campaign
3272:St. Augustine movement
3122:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
3045:Katz Drug Store sit-in
3016:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
2978:Montgomery bus boycott
2756:Radio drama about the
2752:State of Black America
2700:Strickland, Arvarh E.
2432:Smith, Alonzo (2011).
2194:civil rights activist
2162:civil rights activist
2130:civil rights activist
2065:State of Black America
2058:State of Black America
1960:Martin Luther King Jr.
1847:
1836:
1131:Dialects and languages
291:Second Great Migration
18:State of Black America
6583:Athletic associations
6518:Negro league baseball
6289:African-American Jews
6008:Ketanji Brown Jackson
5973:Henry Highland Garnet
5832:Negro National Anthem
5582:George Floyd protests
5547:Post–civil rights era
5294:National Urban League
5065:Civil Rights Memorial
4953:Bethel Baptist Church
4602:Charles Kenzie Steele
4047:Audrey Faye Hendricks
3952:Myrlie Evers-Williams
3932:Patricia Stephens Due
3902:Abraham Lincoln Davis
3837:Colia Lafayette Clark
3591:Operation Breadbasket
3586:National Urban League
3333:Katzenbach v. McClung
3201:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
2854:Civil rights movement
2762:The Birth of a League
2728:9.2 (1924): 117–126.
2685:Social Service Review
2650:"Mission and History"
2388:National Urban League
2302:National Urban League
2298:"Mission and History"
2212:foundation executive
1978:San Diego, California
1940:Civil Rights Movement
1898:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1856:Ruth Standish Baldwin
1842:
1831:
1790:National Urban League
1543:US metropolitan areas
1370:List of neighborhoods
984:Alabama Creole people
974:African-American Jews
906:Negro league baseball
869:National Urban League
821:Civic/economic groups
653:African-American Jews
543:African-American hair
405:, after the Civil War
234:Post–civil rights era
74:Ruth Standish Baldwin
38:National Urban League
32:National Civic League
6790:Afro-Seminole Creole
6316:Azusa Street Revival
6188:Booker T. Washington
5712:Underground Railroad
5577:Free people of color
5431:Atlantic slave trade
5110:other King memorials
5085:Freedom Rides Museum
5022:1960s counterculture
4973:Edmund Pettus Bridge
4652:Walter Francis White
4557:Alexander D. Shimkin
3071:New Year's Day March
3040:Ministers' Manifesto
2887:Executive Order 9981
2790:Manuscripts Division
2261:Chicago Urban League
2250:United States portal
2120:Eugene Kinckle Jones
2104:George Edmund Haynes
1968:high school dropouts
1860:George Edmund Haynes
1700:Criminal stereotypes
1475:District of Columbia
1192:Afro-Seminole Creole
634:Non-Christian groups
229:Black power movement
193:during the Civil War
162:Atlantic slave trade
78:George Edmund Haynes
7185:Trinidad and Tobago
6800:Black American Sign
6627:By African descent
6621:Ethnic subdivisions
6608:Southwestern (SWAC)
6523:Baseball color line
6438:Black Panther Party
6342:Political movements
6259:in computer science
5918:Carol Moseley Braun
5707:Tulsa race massacre
5700:Treatment of slaves
5532:March on Washington
5527:Birmingham movement
4848:Mary McLeod Bethune
4809:Sermon on the Mount
4776:"We Shall Overcome"
4357:William Lewis Moore
4137:Frank Minis Johnson
4112:Richie Jean Jackson
4067:Donald L. Hollowell
3872:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
3677:Gwendolyn Armstrong
3672:William G. Anderson
3652:Victoria Gray Adams
3616:The Freedom Singers
3470:Black Panther Party
3255:March on Washington
3168:Garner v. Louisiana
3129:Boynton v. Virginia
2788:Library of Congress
2767:Destination Freedom
2717:Weiss, Nancy Joan.
2384:Mission and History
2356:Armfield, Felix L.
1913:March on Washington
1096:Sierra Leone Creole
1057:Specific ancestries
942:Southwestern (SWAC)
465:Black History Month
296:New Great Migration
250:Agriculture history
39:
7283:US representatives
7278:US cabinet members
7170:Dominican Republic
6757:Metropolitan areas
6598:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
6423:Civic and economic
6401:Self-determination
6222:Education, science
6143:Fred Shuttlesworth
6123:A. Philip Randolph
6028:Coretta Scott King
5953:Frederick Douglass
5780:Harlem Renaissance
5685:Separate but equal
5675:Reconstruction era
5663:Plessy v. Ferguson
5554:Cornerstone Speech
5468:Civil Rights Acts
5451:Black Lives Matter
5426:American Civil War
5165:Michael Eric Dyson
5050:In popular culture
4933:Fifth Circuit Four
4917:Loving v. Virginia
4910:Hernandez v. Texas
4889:Buchanan v. Warley
4881:Separate but equal
4875:Plessy v. Ferguson
4838:Frederick Douglass
4672:Robert F. Williams
4582:Kelly Miller Smith
4562:Fred Shuttlesworth
4487:Frederick D. Reese
4467:George Raymond Jr.
4457:A. Philip Randolph
4437:Fay Bellamy Powell
4352:Queen Mother Moore
4237:Z. Alexander Looby
4182:Coretta Scott King
4127:Barbara Rose Johns
4107:Jimmie Lee Jackson
4032:William E. Harbour
3812:Stokely Carmichael
3727:Randolph Blackwell
3397:King assassination
3386:Loving v. Virginia
3370:March Against Fear
3350:How Long, Not Long
3228:Children's Crusade
3179:Cambridge movement
3116:Ax Handle Saturday
3081:Greensboro sit-ins
3008:Give Us the Ballot
2796:1964–1976. At the
2758:Northern Migration
2494:The History Makers
2218:Marc Haydel Morial
2200:Hugh Bernard Price
2030:, which advocates
1956:A. Philip Randolph
1917:A. Philip Randolph
1848:
1837:
1105:Sexual orientation
979:Afro-Puerto Ricans
932:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
567:Self-determination
531:Black is beautiful
197:Reconstruction era
7390:
7389:
7218:African Americans
7090:Dallas–Fort Worth
6685:Black Southerners
6616:
6615:
6068:Thurgood Marshall
6038:Bernard Lafayette
5633:Million Man March
5390:African Americans
5356:
5355:
5256:
5255:
5033:Eyes on the Prize
4948:A.G. Gaston Motel
4943:Kelly Ingram Park
4903:Sweatt v. Painter
4587:Mary Louise Smith
4547:Cleveland Sellers
4532:Michael Schwerner
4497:Gloria Richardson
4277:Thurgood Marshall
4197:Bernard Lafayette
3927:John Wesley Dobbs
3441:
3440:
3160:Birmingham attack
3140:Rock Hill sit-ins
3091:Sibley Commission
3086:Nashville sit-ins
2958:Gebhart v. Belton
2944:Briggs v. Elliott
2937:Bolling v. Sharpe
2898:Sweatt v. Painter
2687:(1984): 227–243.
2233:
2232:
2184:John Edward Jacob
2021:Washington Bureau
1806:African Americans
1786:
1785:
1723:
1722:
1621:
1620:
1395:Dallas-Fort Worth
1212:
1211:
1122:
1121:
1066:Americo-Liberians
949:
948:
887:
886:
812:
811:
681:
680:
625:Womanist theology
575:
574:
517:Symbols and ideas
303:
302:
182:Antebellum period
177:Revolutionary War
132:African Americans
117:
116:
16:(Redirected from
7430:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7342:Lynching victims
6841:Louisiana Creole
6812:American English
6700:Louisiana Creole
6673:Choctaw freedmen
6511:
6048:Huddie Ledbetter
5988:Fannie Lou Hamer
5958:W. E. B. Du Bois
5948:Claudette Colvin
5943:Shirley Chisholm
5760:Family structure
5628:Military history
5510:Browder v. Gayle
5383:
5376:
5369:
5360:
5326:V. E. Jordan Jr.
5283:
5276:
5269:
5260:
5247:
5246:
5210:Charles M. Payne
5195:Steven F. Lawson
5185:David Halberstam
5155:Clayborne Carson
4896:Hocutt v. Wilson
4843:W. E. B. Du Bois
4692:Sammy Younge Jr.
4677:Q. V. Williamson
4642:Wyatt Tee Walker
4507:Bernice Robinson
4452:Lincoln Ragsdale
4442:Rodney N. Powell
4337:Douglas E. Moore
4212:Sanford R. Leigh
4147:J. Charles Jones
4022:Fannie Lou Hamer
3937:Joseph Ellwanger
3897:Jonathan Daniels
3887:Claudette Colvin
3877:Annie Lee Cooper
3862:Kathleen Cleaver
3857:Eldridge Cleaver
3832:Shirley Chisholm
3722:Gloria Blackwell
3313:workers' murders
3260:"I Have a Dream"
3155:Anniston bombing
3106:Greenville Eight
3021:Little Rock Nine
2984:Browder v. Gayle
2872:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2824:
2676:Carle, Susan D.
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2654:IAmEmpowered.com
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2429:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:The New York Age
2397:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2294:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2078:
2051:For the Movement
1982:Ronald W. Reagan
1880:Great Depression
1834:Downtown Houston
1778:
1771:
1764:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1685:media depictions
1634:
1529:Population count
1225:
1159:Liberian English
1138:English dialects
1135:
1091:Samaná Americans
1016:Creoles of color
962:
900:
844:Black conductors
825:
694:
668:Louisiana Voodoo
590:
335:Family structure
318:
265:Military history
260:Business history
191:military history
146:
119:
113:
110:
65:
63:
58:
47:
40:
21:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7386:
7376:
7374:
7361:
7327:Historic places
7320:US state firsts
7206:
7121:
6845:
6778:
6750:2010 majorities
6745:2000 majorities
6716:
6663:Black Seminoles
6612:
6603:Southern (SIAC)
6586:
6585:and conferences
6584:
6577:
6573:Serena Williams
6568:Jackie Robinson
6502:
6426:
6424:
6417:
6337:
6304:Nation of Islam
6275:
6223:
6217:
6158:Sojourner Truth
6148:Clarence Thomas
6113:Gabriel Prosser
6013:Michael Jackson
5888:Crispus Attucks
5878:Ralph Abernathy
5866:
5822:Musical theater
5721:
5587:Great Migration
5559:COVID-19 impact
5517:Sit-in movement
5392:
5387:
5357:
5352:
5320:W. M. Young Jr.
5296:
5287:
5257:
5252:
5241:
5234:
5215:Thomas E. Ricks
5205:Diane McWhorter
5190:Vincent Harding
5175:Adam Fairclough
5142:
5136:
5038:
4993:Freedom Schools
4852:
4785:
4733:
4727:
4718:Omaha, Nebraska
4706:
4622:Hartman Turnbow
4612:Dorothy Tillman
4572:Glenn E. Smiley
4552:Charles Sherrod
4512:Jo Ann Robinson
4387:Charles Neblett
4377:Elijah Muhammad
4342:Harriette Moore
4302:Floyd McKissick
4287:Franklin McCain
4222:Stanley Levison
4087:T. R. M. Howard
4037:Vincent Harding
3967:Walter Fauntroy
3852:Xernona Clayton
3802:John H. Calhoun
3787:Aurelia Browder
3777:Stanley Branche
3772:Raylawni Branch
3752:Joseph E. Boone
3737:Ezell Blair Jr.
3732:Unita Blackwell
3707:Harry Belafonte
3647:Ralph Abernathy
3635:
3571:Nation of Islam
3447:
3437:
3276:
3233:Birmingham riot
3174:Albany Movement
3096:Atlanta sit-ins
3076:Sit-in movement
3059:
3055:Biloxi wade-ins
3027:Cooper v. Aaron
2917:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2780:
2738:
2707:Touré F. Reed,
2673:
2671:Further reading
2668:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2497:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2410:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2381:
2377:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2229:
2211:
2073:
2061:
2016:
1934:In the wake of
1875:Eugene K. Jones
1826:
1782:
1734:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1675:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1562:
1524:
1500:Omaha, Nebraska
1465:Historic places
1459:
1351:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1173:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1100:
1052:
994:Black Seminoles
959:
958:Sub-communities
951:
950:
937:Southern (SIAC)
897:
889:
888:
883:
838:
822:
814:
813:
808:
725:
691:
683:
682:
677:
663:Nation of Islam
629:
606:
587:
577:
576:
571:
512:
479:
446:
418:
379:
355:Musical theater
315:
305:
304:
286:Great Migration
143:
107:
94:
76:
61:
59:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7436:
7434:
7426:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7395:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7372:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7295:
7293:Visual artists
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7253:Mathematicians
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7214:
7212:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7194:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7131:
7129:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7103:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7077:
7072:
7070:South Carolina
7067:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7040:North Carolina
7037:
7036:
7035:
7025:
7020:
7019:
7018:
7008:
7003:
7002:
7001:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6985:Massachusetts
6983:
6982:
6981:
6971:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6954:
6949:
6948:
6947:
6937:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6920:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6886:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6874:
6864:
6859:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6827:social context
6824:
6814:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6792:
6786:
6784:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6769:
6759:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6747:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6678:Creek Freedmen
6675:
6670:
6665:
6655:
6653:Alabama Creole
6650:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6593:Central (CIAA)
6589:
6587:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6514:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6429:
6427:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6386:Pan-Africanism
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6367:
6366:
6356:
6351:
6345:
6343:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6328:Black theology
6325:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6291:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6269:in STEM fields
6266:
6261:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6225:
6224:and technology
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6163:Harriet Tubman
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6093:Michelle Obama
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6023:Barbara Jordan
6020:
6018:Harriet Jacobs
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5908:Amelia Boynton
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5874:
5872:
5871:Notable people
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5807:LGBT community
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5731:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5659:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5606:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5522:Freedom Riders
5519:
5514:
5506:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5466:
5461:
5453:
5448:
5446:Black genocide
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5363:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5263:
5254:
5253:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5225:Akinyele Umoja
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5146:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4871:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4814:Mahatma Gandhi
4811:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4723:South Carolina
4720:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4662:Hosea Williams
4659:
4654:
4649:
4647:Hollis Watkins
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4577:A. Maceo Smith
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4527:Bernie Sanders
4524:
4519:
4517:Angela Russell
4514:
4509:
4504:
4502:David Richmond
4499:
4494:
4492:Walter Reuther
4489:
4484:
4479:
4477:Cordell Reagon
4474:
4469:
4464:
4462:George Raymond
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4422:Charles Person
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4392:Huey P. Newton
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4347:Harry T. Moore
4344:
4339:
4334:
4332:Cecil B. Moore
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4312:James Meredith
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4142:Clarence Jones
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4082:Zilphia Horton
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4052:Lola Hendricks
4049:
4044:
4042:Dorothy Height
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4012:Lawrence Guyot
4009:
4004:
4002:Jack Greenberg
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:Andrew Goodman
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3912:Joseph DeLaine
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3882:Dorothy Cotton
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3827:J. L. Chestnut
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3762:Amelia Boynton
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:Arnold Aronson
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3394:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3308:Freedom Summer
3305:
3300:
3298:Bloody Tuesday
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2811:
2800:
2791:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2772:Richard Durham
2754:
2749:
2744:
2737:
2736:External links
2734:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2715:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2681:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2641:
2617:
2593:
2588:Apple Podcasts
2575:
2550:
2526:
2506:
2480:
2458:
2449:
2443:978-1578646838
2442:
2417:
2392:
2375:
2362:
2349:
2336:
2327:
2314:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2114:social worker
2112:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2072:
2069:
2060:
2055:
2015:
2014:Current status
2012:
1909:Lester Granger
1825:
1822:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:Black genocide
1642:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1553:US communities
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1510:South Carolina
1507:
1505:North Carolina
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1327:South Carolina
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1307:North Carolina
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1164:Samaná English
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1114:LGBT community
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1071:Creek Freedmen
1068:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1041:Carmel Indians
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1001:
996:
986:
981:
976:
970:
967:
966:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
947:
946:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
922:Central (CIAA)
916:
915:
911:
910:
909:
908:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
885:
884:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
833:
830:
829:
823:
820:
819:
816:
815:
810:
809:
807:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Pan-Africanism
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
735:
732:
731:
727:
726:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
702:
699:
698:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
679:
678:
676:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
639:
636:
635:
631:
630:
628:
627:
622:
620:Black theology
616:
613:
612:
608:
607:
605:
604:
598:
595:
594:
588:
583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
572:
570:
569:
564:
557:
552:
551:
550:
540:
535:
534:
533:
522:
519:
518:
514:
513:
511:
510:
505:
500:
495:
489:
486:
485:
484:Economic class
481:
480:
478:
477:
472:
467:
462:
456:
453:
452:
448:
447:
445:
444:
439:
434:
428:
425:
424:
423:Academic study
420:
419:
417:
416:
411:
406:
400:
395:
389:
386:
385:
381:
380:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
326:
323:
322:
316:
311:
310:
307:
306:
301:
300:
299:
298:
293:
288:
280:
279:
275:
274:
273:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
244:
243:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
205:
204:
194:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
151:
150:
144:
139:
138:
135:
134:
128:
127:
115:
114:
105:
101:
100:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
71:
67:
66:
53:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7435:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7383:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7364:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7352:Neighborhoods
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7315:Sports firsts
7313:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7306:
7303:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7209:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7117:West Virginia
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7054:Pennsylvania
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7034:
7033:New York City
7031:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6877:San Francisco
6875:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6850:By state/city
6848:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6795:American Sign
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6729:
6728:Neighborhoods
6726:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6713:
6710:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6659:
6658:Black Indians
6656:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6420:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6236:Black schools
6234:
6232:
6231:Black studies
6229:
6228:
6226:
6220:
6214:
6213:Whitney Young
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6203:Oprah Winfrey
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6173:Denmark Vesey
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6118:Joseph Rainey
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6073:Toni Morrison
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6058:Joseph Lowery
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6003:Jesse Jackson
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Kamala Harris
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5978:Marcus Garvey
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5928:Blanche Bruce
5926:
5924:
5923:Edward Brooke
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5913:James Bradley
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5893:James Baldwin
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5837:Neighborhoods
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5690:Silent Parade
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Jim Crow laws
5616:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:Black cowboys
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5384:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5370:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5314:L. B. Granger
5312:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5284:
5279:
5277:
5272:
5270:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5220:Timothy Tyson
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5150:Taylor Branch
5148:
5147:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:Freedom songs
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Jim Crow laws
4862:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4761:"Oh, Freedom"
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4687:Whitney Young
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Kale Williams
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:Albert Turner
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4617:A. P. Tureaud
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:Bayard Rustin
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:William Moyer
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:Joseph McNeil
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4292:Charles McDew
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:Benjamin Mays
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:Vivian Malone
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Joseph Lowery
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4167:Clyde Kennard
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Vernon Jordan
4155:
4153:
4152:Matthew Jones
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4117:T. J. Jemison
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Jesse Jackson
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:Robert Graetz
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:Golden Frinks
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:Charles Evers
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:Vernon Dahmer
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Septima Clark
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:Bruce Boynton
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:James Baldwin
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Mathew Ahmann
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3559:Youth Council
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3150:Freedom Rides
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:Prior to 1954
2873:
2870:
2867:
2860:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2770:, written by
2769:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2146:civic leader
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2046:Spears Bell.
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1951:Whitney Young
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:Bayard Rustin
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1902:Black Cabinet
1899:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1716:
1715:Minstrel show
1713:
1711:
1710:Magical Negro
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1520:West Virginia
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1455:San Francisco
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:New York City
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Nova Scotians
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
989:Black Indians
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:
955:
954:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
927:HBCU (HBCUAC)
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
917:
912:
907:
904:
903:
902:
901:
893:
892:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
835:
834:
832:
831:
828:Organizations
826:
818:
817:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
734:
733:
728:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
700:
697:Organizations
695:
687:
686:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
637:
632:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
615:
614:
609:
603:
600:
599:
597:
596:
591:
586:
581:
580:
568:
565:
562:
558:
556:
553:
549:
546:
545:
544:
541:
539:
536:
532:
529:
528:
527:
524:
523:
521:
520:
515:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
488:
487:
482:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
455:
454:
449:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
427:
426:
421:
415:
412:
410:
407:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
388:
387:
382:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
365:Neighborhoods
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
308:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
276:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
192:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
152:
147:
142:
137:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:
112:
106:
102:
99:
96:
90:
87:New York City
86:
82:
79:
75:
72:
68:
54:
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
7268:Sportspeople
7238:Billionaires
7155:Sierra Leone
7058:Philadelphia
6894:Jacksonville
6721:Demographics
6553:Jack Johnson
6543:Muhammad Ali
6472:
6376:Conservatism
6311:Black church
6208:Andrew Young
6193:Ida B. Wells
6183:David Walker
6178:C. T. Vivian
6133:Paul Robeson
6128:Hiram Revels
6108:Colin Powell
6088:Barack Obama
6043:James Lawson
5998:Jimi Hendrix
5968:James Farmer
5963:Medgar Evers
5933:Ralph Bunche
5883:Maya Angelou
5857:Middle class
5735:Afrofuturism
5661:
5649:
5642:
5563:
5508:
5455:
5421:Afrocentrism
5411:Abolitionism
5349:(Since 2003)
5347:M. H. Morial
5293:
5240:
5180:David Garrow
5160:John Dittmer
5031:
4958:Brown Chapel
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4873:
4830:
4682:Andrew Young
4637:A. T. Walden
4632:C. T. Vivian
4592:Maxine Smith
4427:Homer Plessy
4407:James Orange
4362:Irene Morgan
4317:William Ming
4297:Ralph McGill
4232:Viola Liuzzo
4217:Jim Letherer
4202:James Lawson
4132:Vernon Johns
4122:Esau Jenkins
4077:Myles Horton
4027:Fred Hampton
4017:Prathia Hall
4007:Dick Gregory
3977:Marie Foster
3972:James Forman
3962:James Farmer
3947:Medgar Evers
3907:Angela Davis
3842:Ramsey Clark
3822:James Chaney
3817:Johnnie Carr
3797:Ralph Bunche
3792:H. Rap Brown
3782:Ruby Bridges
3742:Joanne Bland
3717:Claude Black
3697:Marion Barry
3667:Muhammad Ali
3585:
3494:
3430:
3423:
3384:
3362:
3331:
3324:
3166:
3127:
3120:
3050:Kissing Case
3025:
2982:
2965:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2904:
2896:
2765:
2725:
2718:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2684:
2677:
2657:. Retrieved
2653:
2644:
2633:. Retrieved
2630:Mother Jones
2629:
2620:
2609:. Retrieved
2605:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2567:. Retrieved
2565:. 2017-05-17
2562:
2553:
2542:. Retrieved
2538:
2529:
2518:. Retrieved
2509:
2498:. Retrieved
2492:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2461:
2452:
2433:
2409:. Retrieved
2404:
2395:
2387:
2378:
2370:
2365:
2357:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2330:
2322:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2301:
2292:
2257:Affiliates:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2025:
2017:
2001:
1994:
1990:conservative
1972:
1954:meetings of
1948:
1936:World War II
1933:
1915:proposed by
1906:
1892:
1884:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1851:
1849:
1808:and against
1802:civil rights
1797:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1613:Sierra Leone
1445:Philadelphia
1415:Jacksonville
1011:Brass Ankles
868:
764:Conservatism
739:Afrocentrism
711:Joint Center
602:Black church
593:Institutions
508:Billionaires
498:Middle class
451:Celebrations
414:Fraternities
7288:US senators
7258:Republicans
7243:Journalists
7100:San Antonio
7065:Puerto Rico
7006:Mississippi
6899:Tallahassee
6872:Los Angeles
6563:Jesse Owens
6548:Arthur Ashe
6406:Nationalism
6396:Raised fist
6359:Black power
6264:in medicine
6198:Roy Wilkins
6153:Emmett Till
6138:Al Sharpton
5903:Julian Bond
5898:James Bevel
5862:Upper class
5852:Stereotypes
5745:Black mecca
5657:Plantations
5436:Black Codes
5340:(1994–2002)
5338:H. B. Price
5334:(1982–1994)
5332:J. E. Jacob
5328:(1971–1981)
5322:(1961–1971)
5316:(1941–1961)
5310:(1918–1940)
5308:E. K. Jones
5200:Doug McAdam
5170:Chuck Fager
4797:Nonviolence
4702:James Zwerg
4697:Bob Zellner
4657:Roy Wilkins
4607:Hank Thomas
4542:Pete Seeger
4537:Bobby Seale
4402:Jack O'Dell
4397:Edgar Nixon
4327:Amzie Moore
4322:Jack Minnis
4262:Mae Mallory
4247:Clara Luper
4207:Bernard Lee
4097:Cecil Ivory
4092:Ruby Hurley
4062:Oliver Hill
4057:Aaron Henry
3957:Chuck Fager
3917:Dave Dennis
3807:Guy Carawan
3747:Julian Bond
3712:James Bevel
3702:Daisy Bates
2973:Emmett Till
2856:(1954–1968)
2515:"About NUL"
2032:gun control
2004:Marc Morial
1925:A. J. Muste
1844:Wall Street
1818:Marc Morial
1681:Stereotypes
1608:Nova Scotia
1490:Mississippi
1450:San Antonio
1430:Los Angeles
1365:Black mecca
1292:Mississippi
1199:Negro Dutch
1021:Dominickers
965:Multiethnic
874:TransAfrica
784:Nationalism
754:Black power
538:Black pride
503:Upper class
202:Politicians
98:Marc Morial
7397:Categories
7233:Astronauts
7023:New Jersey
6867:California
6371:Capitalism
6168:Nat Turner
6098:Rosa Parks
6083:Diane Nash
6053:John Lewis
5842:Newspapers
5812:Literature
5797:Juneteenth
5750:Businesses
5604:Exodusters
5572:Free Negro
5290:Presidents
5143:historians
4824:Satyagraha
4790:Influences
4482:James Reeb
4417:James Peck
4412:Rosa Parks
4382:Diane Nash
4252:Danny Lyon
4227:John Lewis
4172:A. D. King
4072:James Hood
3687:Ella Baker
3657:Zev Aelony
2659:2023-04-22
2635:2018-05-04
2611:2018-05-04
2569:2021-01-17
2544:2022-05-15
2520:2022-05-15
2500:2023-04-22
2411:2022-08-15
2284:References
2097:Background
2082:Presidents
2071:Presidents
2038:and their
1997:Hugh Price
1846:, New York
1247:California
1221:Population
794:Patriotism
779:Liberalism
759:Capitalism
730:Ideologies
611:Theologies
470:Juneteenth
442:Literature
370:Newspapers
278:Migrations
209:Juneteenth
84:Founded at
62:1910-09-29
7347:Monuments
7223:Activists
7075:Tennessee
6995:Michigan
6979:Baltimore
6969:Louisiana
6962:Lexington
6945:Davenport
6884:Cleveland
6783:Languages
6712:Melungeon
6690:Blaxicans
6558:Joe Louis
6413:Socialism
6349:Anarchism
6078:Bob Moses
6063:Malcolm X
5983:Fred Gray
5847:Soul food
5785:New Negro
5770:Folktales
5680:Redlining
4802:Padayatra
4751:"Kumbaya"
4711:By region
4367:Bob Moses
4272:Bob Mants
4257:Malcolm X
4177:C.B. King
3997:Fred Gray
3640:Activists
3281:1964–1968
3064:1960–1963
2922:1954–1959
2539:Almazenye
2473:March 19,
2469:. uky.edu
2178:attorney
2006:, former
2002:In 2003,
1995:In 1994,
1949:In 1961,
1907:In 1941,
1895:President
1873:In 1918,
1705:Hollywood
1695:Blackface
1630:Prejudice
1548:US cities
1425:Lexington
1400:Davenport
1380:Baltimore
1356:US cities
1332:Tennessee
1282:Louisiana
1228:US states
1036:Melungeon
1006:Blaxicans
804:Socialism
769:Garveyism
744:Anarchism
548:Good hair
375:Soul food
345:Folktales
93:President
52:Formation
7370:Category
7161:America
7127:Diaspora
7112:Virginia
7045:Oklahoma
7028:New York
7011:Nebraska
6974:Maryland
6957:Kentucky
6923:Illinois
6862:Arkansas
6767:Illinois
6705:of color
6391:Populism
6364:Movement
6281:Religion
5623:Lynching
5406:Timeline
4732:Movement
4162:Tom Kahn
3446:Activist
2866:timeline
2778:Archives
2730:in JSTOR
2689:in JSTOR
2307:12 April
2236:See also
2228:attorney
2225:Current
2210:attorney
1858:and Dr.
1745:Category
1568:Diaspora
1495:Missouri
1420:Kentucky
1347:Virginia
1317:Oklahoma
1302:New York
1297:Nebraska
1287:Maryland
1262:Illinois
1242:Arkansas
1081:Merikins
1026:Freedmen
999:Mascogos
799:Populism
690:Politics
585:Religion
555:Stepping
321:Lifeways
157:Timeline
124:a series
122:Part of
7298:Writers
7263:Singers
7248:Jurists
7196:Europe
7150:Liberia
7095:Houston
6999:Detroit
6935:Indiana
6928:Chicago
6911:Atlanta
6906:Georgia
6889:Florida
6857:Alabama
6807:English
6381:Leftism
6251:Museums
5802:Kwanzaa
5727:Culture
5695:Slavery
5398:History
5292:of the
4857:Related
4447:Al Raby
3402:funeral
3265:Big Six
2606:NPR.org
2040:hip hop
1824:History
1603:Liberia
1485:Georgia
1480:Florida
1410:Houston
1405:Detroit
1390:Chicago
1375:Atlanta
1267:Indiana
1257:Georgia
1252:Florida
1237:Alabama
1169:Tutnese
1048:Redbone
774:Leftism
475:Kwanzaa
432:Studies
384:Schools
313:Culture
242:Aspects
187:Slavery
149:Periods
141:History
104:Website
70:Founder
60: (
7310:Mayors
7228:Actors
7200:France
7192:Israel
7180:Mexico
7165:Canada
7140:Gambia
7135:Africa
7085:Austin
7050:Oregon
6989:Boston
6952:Kansas
6918:Hawaii
6836:Gullah
6646:Yoruba
6636:Gullah
6507:Sports
6425:groups
6255:Women
5792:Hoodoo
5666:(1896)
5592:Second
5568:(1857)
5513:(1956)
5460:(1954)
5043:Legacy
4819:Ahimsa
3448:groups
2909:(1950)
2901:(1950)
2862:Events
2713:online
2563:TV One
2440:
1637:Racism
1598:Israel
1588:France
1583:Canada
1578:Africa
1385:Boston
1322:Oregon
1277:Kansas
1187:Gullah
1076:Gullah
896:Sports
643:Hoodoo
7211:Lists
7175:Haiti
7145:Ghana
7080:Texas
7016:Omaha
6294:Islam
5827:Names
5817:Music
5755:Dance
5141:Noted
4734:songs
3554:NAACP
3407:riots
2222:2003
2207:2002
2204:1994
2191:1994
2188:1982
2175:1981
2172:1971
2159:1971
2156:1961
2143:1961
2140:1941
2127:1940
2124:1918
2111:1918
2108:1910
1750:Index
1593:Ghana
1515:Texas
1440:Omaha
1337:Texas
849:NAACP
360:Names
350:Music
330:Dance
7107:Utah
6940:Iowa
6772:Ohio
6733:list
6641:Igbo
6631:Fula
5775:Hair
5765:Film
5482:1968
5472:1964
2802:The
2475:2013
2438:ISBN
2309:2020
2087:From
2063:The
1944:HBCU
1923:and
1850:The
1788:The
1683:and
1342:Utah
1312:Ohio
1272:Iowa
879:UNCF
340:Film
189:and
111:.org
5740:Art
5597:New
2386:."
1904:".
1820:.
1794:NUL
437:Art
109:nul
7399::
5611:/
2652:.
2628:.
2604:.
2586:.
2561:.
2537:.
2491:.
2420:^
2403:.
2300:.
2092:To
1958:,
1931:.
1919:,
1882:.
126:on
5382:e
5375:t
5368:v
5282:e
5275:t
5268:v
5011:"
5007:"
3352:"
3348:"
3192:"
3188:"
3010:"
3006:"
2868:)
2864:(
2846:e
2839:t
2832:v
2810:.
2662:.
2638:.
2614:.
2590:.
2572:.
2547:.
2523:.
2503:.
2477:.
2446:.
2382:"
2311:.
1792:(
1777:e
1770:t
1763:v
563:"
559:"
64:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
