1080:
729:
1222:
may have been expressly ceded to it by the constituent provinces. A legislative union would imply a complete incorporation of the provinces included in it under one legislature, exercising universal and sole legislative authority over all of them in exactly the same manner as the
Parliament legislates alone for the whole of the British Isles.
1226:
However, unification is not merely voluntary. To meet this requirement, we need to have a balance of power between the two or more states, which can create an equal monetary, economic, social and cultural environment. We need also to take in account that those states eligible to unify must agree to a
1221:
Two kinds of union have been proposed – federal and legislative. By the first, the separate legislature of each province would be preserved in its present form and retain almost all its present attributes of internal legislation, the federal legislature exercising no power save in those matters which
364:
Nevertheless, a full incorporating union may preserve the laws and institutions of the former states, as happened in the creating of the United
Kingdom. This may be simply a matter of practice or to comply with a guarantee given in the terms of the union. These guarantees may be to ensure the success
1242:
From a realist perspective, small states can unify in order to face strong states or to conquer weak ones. One of the reasons to seek unification to a stronger state besides a common threat can be a situation of negligence or ignorance on behalf of the weak state which is, to simplify it, desperate
575:
Federal annexation occurs when a unitary state becomes a federated unit of another existing state, the former continuing its legal existence. The new federated state thus ceases to be a state in international law but retains its legal existence in domestic law, subsidiary to the federal authority.
1230:
States can decide to enter a voluntary union as a solution for existing problems and to face possible threats, such as environmental threats for instance. The task of triggering a political crisis and to get the attention of the citizens toward the unification's necessity is in the hands of the
417:, though they were continued as a matter of practice. The informal recognition of such interests represents the different circumstances of the two Unions, the small base of institutional power in Ireland at the time (those who were the beneficiaries of the
433:
was guaranteed that its
Freischütz companies would not be posted to fight outside Tyrol without their consent, a guarantee later revoked by the Austrian state. However, this case can be contrasted with the continued existence of the
425:, and as a result there was an institutional drive toward unification, limiting the Irish negotiating power. However, informal guarantees were given to preclude the possibility of further Irish unrest in the period following the
2202:
397:
in 1707 contained a guarantee of the continuance of the civil laws and the existing courts in
Scotland (a continuing guarantee), which was significant for both parties. The Scottish, despite economic troubles during the
385:). The assurance that institutions are preserved in a union of states can also occur as states realize that, whilst a power imbalance exists (such as between the economic conditions of Scotland and England prior to the
405:
This marks a delineation of states that are able to ensure preservation of interests: there has to be some mutually beneficial reasoning behind the formal or informal preservation of interests. In the
1675:
2701:
2195:
1984:
704:, were conquered and annexed. Formally, the union in each territory was sanctioned by a popular referendum where people were formally asked if they agreed to have as their new ruler
2188:
2706:
1207:
2674:
302:) abolished their respective legal jurisdictions, institutions and public laws, being replaced by those of Castile. However, Navarre retained its political existence until the
1758:
153:
as a single political entity. A political union may also be called a legislative union or state union. A union may be effected in many forms, broadly categorized as:
1926:
676:
656:
2679:
1959:
282:
into the unitary
Kingdom of Spain, though the process was not became effective until the end of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1715), in which the
410:
322:
3321:
2040:
1659:
183:
In an incorporating union a new state is created, the former states being entirely dissolved into the new state (although some aspects may be preserved;
2463:
2787:
30:
This article is about unified state entities or polities, or the merging of these. For organisations formed to bargain for workers (or labour), see
1544:
1239:), while in most of the cases it turns to be a failure or leads to a forced unification (Italy, URSS) where the unified states are deeply unequal.
3013:
2587:
1059:
1705:
1405:
2935:
1737:
1257:
According to Ryan
Griffiths, all instances of mutually wilful unification from 1816 onwards were between states that spoke the same languages.
807:
2059:: "... explaining how the United Kingdom has evolved, the author explores a number of key themes including: the steps to political union, ..."
1995:
2620:
2056:
1795:
1479:
3295:
2721:
1867:
1567:. . . that no Alteration be made in Laws which concern private Right, except for evident Utility of the Subjects within Scotland
3170:
3150:
2996:
2550:
819:
303:
3046:
2098:
1163:
1579:
454:
In an incorporating annexation a state or states is united to and dissolved in an existing state, whose legal existence continues.
1896:
2044:
1195:
1097:
842:
or "Northeast Flag
Replacement" proclaimed the victory of the Guangzhou/Nanjing government over the Beiyang government after the
468:
1050:
that promote progressive integration between its members started appearing in the second half of the 20th century, first by the
843:
3140:
2135:
Griffiths, Ryan D. (2010). "Security threats, linguistic homogeneity, and the necessary conditions for political unification".
781:
1144:
3135:
2966:
2749:
1282:
1101:
813:
210:
206:
1116:
2019:
1766:
3238:
3145:
3165:
3155:
3130:
3008:
1918:
839:
374:
1123:
902:
independent through the early modern era as imperial power waned. Finally, the Empire was dissolved in 1806 during the
3160:
2691:
2443:
705:
697:
660:
3279:
2829:
2073:
2048:
1948:
672:
50:
1090:
3221:
2613:
2294:
1370:
1302:
1130:
906:, and the German states became fully sovereign and were only united (between 1815 and 1866) by the non-sovereign
483:
426:
344:
299:
35:
3362:
2915:
992:
941:
599:
394:
318:
237:
202:
101:. The unification of separate states which, in the past, had together constituted a single entity is known as
2212:
2180:
1375:
1247:
1112:
795:
422:
218:
125:
or coordinated in some sort of organization. In a federalised system, the constituent entities usually have
114:
429:
and the 1798 rebellion. These types of informal arrangements are more susceptible to changes; for example,
3255:
2950:
2711:
2499:
2244:
2239:
1297:
827:
498:
150:
78:
3058:
3025:
2976:
2893:
2739:
2229:
1949:"What Context does the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) Provide for Employment Relations?"
1538:
1232:
1181:
1063:
791:
540:
476:
418:
260:
1816:
Hoppen, K. Theodore (2008-04-01). "An
Incorporating Union? British Politicians and Ireland 1800–1830".
1503:
Kincaid, John (1999-04-01). "Confederal federalism and citizen representation in the
European union".
3325:
3109:
2920:
2744:
2686:
2658:
2606:
2514:
2289:
1697:
1397:
1236:
1189:
1016:
982:
978:
960:
907:
879:
849:
775:
595:
506:
283:
1729:
365:
of a proposed union (or in the least to prevent continuing resistance), as occurred in the union of
3367:
3274:
3125:
3097:
3090:
3003:
2903:
2898:
2529:
2509:
2423:
2385:
2360:
1043:
1033:
937:
853:
689:
649:
620:
525:
521:
514:
510:
435:
378:
333:
291:
252:
229:
58:
49:
which is composed of, or created from, smaller polities, or the process which achieves this. These
1202:'s constitutional evolution. He articulated the difference between a full legislative union and a
3305:
3300:
2986:
2877:
2857:
2819:
2643:
2333:
1841:
1787:
1641:
1633:
1468:
1047:
891:
871:
712:
668:
532:
494:
472:
414:
406:
390:
386:
314:
310:
295:
279:
233:
225:
122:
1859:
3193:
3102:
2910:
2809:
2777:
2770:
2390:
2284:
2254:
2152:
2104:
2094:
2052:
1833:
1667:
1625:
1520:
1449:
1037:
1010:
953:
949:
895:
865:
645:
630:
536:
382:
348:
287:
130:
70:
1383:
1364:
1137:
3080:
2782:
2716:
2572:
2557:
2408:
2269:
2264:
2144:
1825:
1617:
1512:
1439:
1251:
1227:
transition from anarchy, where there is no sovereignty above the state level, to hierarchy.
1020:
968:
921:
693:
641:
591:
271:
256:
688:
The unification of Italy involved a mixture of unions. The kingdom consolidated around the
3233:
3211:
3188:
3063:
3041:
3020:
2991:
2981:
2971:
2653:
2648:
2545:
2468:
2458:
2353:
2274:
2249:
986:
945:
929:
903:
883:
430:
399:
275:
248:
198:
134:
54:
2121:
Riker, William H. 1975. "Federalism." in Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby (eds.),
1587:
270:, they began the process of replacement of the sistem of personal union of the Crown of
3269:
3085:
3053:
2824:
2814:
2794:
2765:
2365:
2343:
2317:
1888:
1199:
1177:
1051:
555:
267:
146:
106:
3356:
3250:
2930:
2867:
2862:
2841:
2438:
2338:
2304:
2234:
2148:
1845:
1645:
1267:
1004:
1000:
875:
637:
502:
352:
3216:
2872:
2577:
2473:
2453:
2448:
2413:
1185:
917:
887:
861:
857:
754:
701:
626:
439:
389:), it is not so great that it precludes the ability of concessions to be made. The
94:
2027:
3068:
2945:
2940:
2925:
2834:
2804:
2629:
2504:
2428:
1621:
1327:
1277:
1214:
1198:
was widely regarded as one of the most important thinkers in the history of the
1079:
996:
964:
801:
443:
329:
244:
138:
31:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3260:
3226:
2696:
2582:
2524:
2489:
2380:
2375:
2312:
2279:
2221:
1516:
1444:
1427:
1287:
1272:
1203:
664:
166:
161:
118:
110:
90:
66:
62:
2156:
2108:
1837:
1671:
1629:
1524:
1453:
89:
by its constituent members and proponents. In other cases, it may arise from
3243:
2799:
2567:
2519:
1292:
972:
957:
913:
833:
743:
559:
17:
524:
annexed many of the
Duchies and City-states in Italy during the period of
2562:
2433:
2259:
1829:
1023:
since the North Yemeni independence from Ottoman Empire in November 1918.
739:
605:
366:
214:
142:
126:
98:
74:
377:) in which a guarantee was given for the continuance of laws and of the
2494:
1637:
1104: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
925:
886:) during the Middle Ages but remained united under the overlordship of
785:
609:
82:
2041:
A Disunited Kingdom? – England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, 1800–1949
81:. This form of government may be created through voluntary and mutual
3073:
2418:
2348:
1788:"Unification of Italian States – Countries – Office of the Historian"
616:
587:
370:
46:
1860:"Unification of German States – Countries – Office of the Historian"
413:
in 1801, no such guarantee was given for the laws and courts of the
1610:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1055:
563:
551:
547:
487:
337:
1231:
elites. Despite it being quite rare, in some cases it works (see
266:
After the accession of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne of the
2602:
2184:
1467:
Dullien, Sebastian; Torreblanca, José Ignacio (December 2012).
2598:
1730:"Union of European Federalists (UEF): Federal Political Union"
1073:
722:
457:
Annexation may be voluntary or, more frequently, by conquest.
193:
have been present throughout much of history, such as when:
2075:
Lord Durham's report on the affairs of British North America
1660:"Everything you need to know about European political union"
402:
preceding the union, still had remaining negotiating power.
692:, with which several states voluntarily united to form the
640:'s annexations and subsequent granting of statehood to the
2072:(London: 1839); reprinted, Charles Prestwood Lucas (ed.),
463:
have occurred at various points in history, such as when:
1985:"Regionalism in the Pacific: A New Development Strategy"
1917:
Allison-Reumann, Laura; Murray, Philomena (2017-06-22).
1011:
Tanganyika United with Zanzibar in 1964 to form Tanzania
2091:
Uniting States : voluntary union in world politics
856:(East Germany) 1989–90 on 3 October 1990, divided into
750:
1580:"The course of negotiations :: Act of Union 1707"
985:
since 24 October 1795 save for a brief revival as the
711:
The unification of Germany began in earnest when the
878:(1871–1918) was heavily fragmented by feudalism and
3288:
3204:
3181:
3118:
3034:
2959:
2886:
2850:
2758:
2732:
2667:
2636:
2538:
2482:
2401:
2326:
2303:
2220:
1759:"Addresses Against Incorporating Union, 1706–1707"
1363:
1180:is often discussed, as well as former states like
1956:Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management
1919:"Should the EU be considered a model for ASEAN?"
2077:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1912), vol. 2, p. 304
1326:is used for membership or support of labour or
971:in 774 and the subsequent fragmentation due to
137:with the federal government, for whom external
2070:Report on the Affairs of British North America
1608:Martin, Lawrence (1995). "Continental Union".
1428:"Political union and the legitimacy challenge"
1058:(Association of Southeast Asian Nations), the
184:
2614:
2196:
1254:, unions were motivated by security threats.
8:
1054:. Other examples of such unions include the
2173:Alberto Alesina and Enrico Spolaore. 2003.
411:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
2621:
2607:
2599:
2203:
2189:
2181:
1443:
1164:Learn how and when to remove this message
898:. However, the states grew steadily more
1569:" – Article XVIII of the Treaty of Union
963:in 568, Italy was further divided since
784:, which led to the apparition of modern
1355:
1315:
1060:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum
999:1955–1975 on 2 July 1976, divided into
715:annexed numerous petty states in 1866.
1213:, in discussing the proposed union of
808:Unification of Bessarabia with Romania
1923:Pursuit – The University of Melbourne
1724:
1722:
1476:European Council on Foreign Relations
989:(1807–15) during the Napoleonic wars.
967:'s conquest of Langobardia Major and
330:People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
7:
1384:participating institution membership
1102:adding citations to reliable sources
1028:Supranational and continental unions
381:(a guarantee revoked in 1789 at the
2093:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1992:The University of the South Pacific
1547:from the original on 1 October 2019
1042:In addition to regional movements,
149:are usually reserved. The union is
121:of powers but are subordinate to a
1426:Wohlgemuth, Michael (2017-06-01).
1303:Unionism (disambiguation)#Politics
1237:confederation of the United States
820:Union of Transylvania with Romania
304:1833 territorial division of Spain
25:
497:used incorporating annexation to
334:Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)
213:, an elective monarchy where the
2149:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2010.00429.x
2045:University of Central Lancashire
1889:"Overview of Continental Unions"
1322:In a different use of the term,
1078:
727:
706:Vittorio Emanuele II of Sardinia
679:by the international community).
467:in 1535 and 1542, under the two
421:) had faced a revolution in the
2211:Autonomous types of first-tier
1965:from the original on 2018-08-20
1929:from the original on 2017-07-02
1899:from the original on 2019-10-01
1870:from the original on 2019-10-01
1798:from the original on 2011-06-02
1740:from the original on 2016-04-14
1708:from the original on 2017-02-13
1678:from the original on 2019-10-01
1485:from the original on 2020-08-19
1408:from the original on 2020-08-06
1089:needs additional citations for
782:Union of Moldavia and Wallachia
696:. Others polities, such as the
1283:List of proposed state mergers
1176:The political position of the
814:Union of Bukovina with Romania
742:format but may read better as
677:varying degrees of recognition
211:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
129:, for example in the setup of
1:
2887:Eastern and Southeastern Asia
2123:Handbook of Political Science
1947:J Bamber, Greg (2005-10-26).
1818:The English Historical Review
1246:According to a 1975 study by
944:since its partition into the
2026:. 2006-02-16. Archived from
1586:. 2009-07-21. Archived from
840:Chinese reunification (1928)
375:Union of Brittany and France
243:in 1910 the colonies of the
1622:10.1177/0002716295538000012
1013:from 26 April 1964 to date.
698:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
347:were signed by each of the
259:were incorporated into the
3384:
2960:Central and Eastern Europe
2089:Parent, Joseph M. (2011).
2049:Cambridge University Press
1469:"What is political union?"
1031:
708:and his legitimate heirs.
548:People's Republic of China
151:recognised internationally
29:
3322:Border changes since 1914
3314:
2295:List of federal countries
1517:10.1080/01402389908425301
1445:10.1007/s12290-017-0432-z
1371:Oxford English Dictionary
556:East Turkestan (Xinjiang)
484:Republic of Spanish Haiti
461:Incorporating annexations
427:French Revolution of 1789
393:for creating the unified
360:Preservation of interests
345:Articles of Confederation
300:Principality of Catalonia
209:led to the creation of a
36:Unionism (disambiguation)
2997:unification with Moldova
2680:Turks and Caicos Islands
1540:What is political union?
993:Vietnamese reunification
948:(itself divided between
874:in 1866–71; what became
638:United States of America
600:Dominion of Newfoundland
450:Incorporating annexation
395:Kingdom of Great Britain
353:United States of America
351:, uniting them into the
319:Kingdom of Great Britain
238:Kingdom of Great Britain
203:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3047:unification with Kosovo
2137:Nations and Nationalism
2024:Encyclopædia Britannica
1376:Oxford University Press
1248:University of Rochester
778:starting from 1744 A.D.
751:converting this section
438:and a separate body of
423:Irish Rebellion of 1798
27:Union of smaller states
3256:Greater Germanic Reich
3054:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2245:Corporative federalism
2240:Cooperative federalism
1698:"Political Union Now!"
1505:West European Politics
1342:instead of "unionism".
1338:is sometimes used for
1298:Union (disambiguation)
1224:
1215:Upper and Lower Canada
828:Creation of Yugoslavia
79:centralised government
34:. For other uses, see
3244:Annexation of Austria
2230:Asymmetric federalism
2043:, Christine Kinealy,
1402:TheFreeDictionary.com
1243:and almost derelict.
1233:Old Swiss Confederacy
1219:
1182:Serbia and Montenegro
1064:Pacific Islands Forum
834:Ukrainian unification
796:1396 Ottoman conquest
792:Bulgarian unification
579:Prominent historical
541:Kingdom of Montenegro
477:Principality of Wales
475:formally annexed the
419:Protestant Ascendancy
286:of 1707 (kingdoms of
261:Union of South Africa
171:Federative annexation
91:political unification
2904:annexation of Taiwan
2290:Symmetric federalism
1543:. 12 December 2012.
1250:political scientist
1190:United Arab Republic
1188:(1922–1991) and the
1098:improve this article
979:Polish reunification
961:Exarchate of Ravenna
908:German Confederation
880:partible inheritance
850:German reunification
776:Unification of Nepal
657:the 2014 annexations
596:Prince Edward Island
531:in 1918, during the
507:Second Schleswig War
284:Nueva Planta decrees
274:, the states of the
191:Incorporating unions
115:constituent entities
85:and is described as
2530:Territorial dispute
2510:Military occupation
2424:Dependent territory
2386:Supranational union
2361:Multinational state
2175:The Size of Nations
1983:Robertson, Robbie.
1374:(Online ed.).
1034:Supranational union
1007:since 21 July 1954.
938:Italian unification
854:Peaceful Revolution
804:of Romania in 1918
794:in 1885, after the
690:Kingdom of Sardinia
675:or otherwise given
650:California Republic
621:Swiss Confederation
581:federal annexations
526:Italian unification
522:Kingdom of Sardinia
515:Franco-Prussian War
511:Austro-Prussian War
486:was annexed by the
436:Scottish Parliament
379:Estates of Brittany
253:Orange River Colony
230:Kingdom of Scotland
226:Acts of Union, 1707
179:Incorporating union
157:Incorporating union
93:, characterised by
59:federal territories
53:are usually called
2788:Western Azerbaijan
2722:Dominican Republic
2588:Tribal sovereignty
2334:Composite monarchy
1830:10.1093/ehr/cen009
1734:www.federalists.eu
1340:political unionism
1048:continental unions
1017:Yemeni unification
920:reunification of "
892:Kingdom of Germany
872:German unification
868:on 1 August 1945.
753:, if appropriate.
713:Kingdom of Prussia
669:Russian Federation
612:from 1951 to 1993;
590:'s annexations of
571:Federal annexation
533:Podgorica Assembly
495:Kingdom of Prussia
473:Kingdom of England
469:Laws in Wales Acts
415:Kingdom of Ireland
387:Acts of Union 1707
315:Kingdom of Ireland
311:Acts of Union 1800
296:Kingdom of Majorca
280:Kingdom of Navarre
234:Kingdom of England
131:police departments
123:central government
63:federal government
3350:
3349:
3317:Related concepts:
2596:
2595:
2391:Continental union
2285:Fiscal federalism
2255:Ethnic federalism
2125:. Addison-Wesley.
2057:978-0-521-59844-6
1864:history.state.gov
1792:history.state.gov
1398:"Political Union"
1382:(Subscription or
1184:(2003–2006), the
1174:
1173:
1166:
1148:
1113:"Political union"
1070:Academic analysis
1038:Continental union
954:Langobardia Minor
950:Langobardia Major
896:Holy Roman Empire
866:Potsdam Agreement
772:
771:
719:Historical unions
673:viewed as illegal
646:Republic of Texas
629:'s annexation of
615:the admission of
608:'s annexation of
598:in 1873, and the
537:Kingdom of Serbia
488:Republic of Haiti
383:French Revolution
349:Thirteen Colonies
338:Republic of Yemen
245:Cape of Good Hope
207:Kingdom of Poland
127:internal autonomy
113:, the individual
77:in the case of a
16:(Redirected from
3375:
3301:Papua New Guinea
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2573:Stateless nation
2558:Decentralization
2409:Associated state
2270:Federal republic
2265:Federal monarchy
2205:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2161:
2160:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2086:
2080:
2066:
2060:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2020:"United Kingdom"
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1994:. Archived from
1989:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1824:(501): 328–350.
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1765:. Archived from
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1367:
1360:
1343:
1320:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1106:
1082:
1074:
767:
764:
758:
749:You can help by
731:
730:
723:
694:Kingdom of Italy
663:and the city of
642:Vermont Republic
592:British Columbia
343:and in 1783 the
332:united with the
268:Spanish Monarchy
55:federated states
51:smaller polities
47:political entity
21:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3363:Political union
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3310:
3284:
3200:
3182:Northern Europe
3177:
3151:Italian Grisons
3114:
3081:North Macedonia
3035:Southern Europe
3030:
2955:
2882:
2846:
2754:
2728:
2663:
2632:
2627:
2597:
2592:
2551:Autonomous area
2534:
2478:
2469:Tributary state
2459:Satellite state
2397:
2371:Political union
2354:Colonial empire
2322:
2299:
2275:Federated state
2250:Dual federalism
2216:
2209:
2170:
2168:Further reading
2165:
2164:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2067:
2063:
2039:
2035:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1741:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1702:Carnegie Europe
1695:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1365:"unionism (n.)"
1362:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1263:
1170:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1083:
1072:
1040:
1030:
987:Duchy of Warsaw
946:Lombard Kingdom
930:Greater Germany
904:Napoleonic Wars
884:Salic patrimony
768:
762:
759:
748:
732:
728:
721:
686:
573:
452:
400:Seven Ill Years
391:Treaty of Union
362:
276:Crown of Aragon
215:Polish nobility
199:Union of Lublin
181:
147:foreign affairs
143:military forces
43:political union
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3205:Western Europe
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:Czechoslovakia
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Personal union
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2344:Dynastic union
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2318:Regional state
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:administration
2210:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2143:(1): 169–188.
2127:
2114:
2099:
2081:
2061:
2033:
2030:on 2006-02-16.
2011:
1975:
1939:
1909:
1895:. 2019-07-08.
1880:
1851:
1808:
1779:
1750:
1718:
1688:
1666:. 2015-07-27.
1651:
1600:
1571:
1558:
1530:
1495:
1459:
1418:
1389:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1200:British Empire
1178:United Kingdom
1172:
1171:
1086:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1052:European Union
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1014:
1008:
990:
976:
935:
934:
933:
922:Lesser Germany
911:
847:
837:
831:
825:
824:
823:
817:
811:
799:
789:
779:
770:
769:
763:September 2021
735:
733:
726:
720:
717:
685:
682:
681:
680:
653:
634:
624:
613:
603:
572:
569:
568:
567:
544:
529:
518:
503:German Princes
491:
480:
451:
448:
442:distinct from
361:
358:
357:
356:
341:
326:
323:United Kingdom
307:
264:
241:
222:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
169:
164:
160:Incorporating
158:
107:personal union
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3380:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:Reunification
3327:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3251:Pan-Germanism
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:Southern Asia
2849:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:South America
2731:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:United States
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:North America
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:Indirect rule
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:Dual monarchy
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2305:Unitary state
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Confederation
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2100:9780199782192
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2068:Lord Durham,
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2001:on 2008-02-27
1997:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1769:on 2018-06-12
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1696:Techau, Jan.
1692:
1689:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1664:The Economist
1661:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1590:on 2009-07-21
1589:
1585:
1584:Parliament UK
1581:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:European View
1429:
1422:
1419:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:Confederation
1266:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:William Riker
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:(1958–1961).
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1168:
1165:
1157:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115: –
1114:
1110:
1109:Find sources:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1087:This section
1085:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:supranational
1039:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:North Vietnam
1002:
1001:South Vietnam
998:
994:
991:
988:
984:
980:
977:
974:
970:
966:
962:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
870:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
848:
845:
844:1912 division
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
805:
803:
800:
797:
793:
790:
787:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
766:
757:is available.
756:
752:
746:
745:
741:
736:This section
734:
725:
724:
718:
716:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
628:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
607:
604:
601:
597:
593:
589:
586:
585:
584:
582:
577:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:
523:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:
464:
462:
458:
455:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:creating the
408:
403:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:
194:
192:
188:
186:
178:
173:
170:
168:
167:Federal union
165:
163:
159:
156:
155:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:reunification
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:is a type of
44:
37:
33:
19:
3329:
3326:Partitionism
3320:
3319:
3316:
2873:Pashtunistan
2759:Western Asia
2692:Saint Martin
2659:South Africa
2578:Subsidiarity
2474:Vassal state
2454:Puppet state
2449:Protectorate
2414:Client state
2370:
2177:. MIT Press.
2174:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2090:
2084:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2036:
2028:the original
2023:
2014:
2003:. Retrieved
1996:the original
1991:
1978:
1967:. Retrieved
1955:
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1922:
1912:
1901:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1872:. Retrieved
1863:
1854:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1800:. Retrieved
1791:
1782:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:the original
1762:
1753:
1742:. Retrieved
1733:
1710:. Retrieved
1701:
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1663:
1654:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1583:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1539:
1533:
1511:(2): 34–58.
1508:
1504:
1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1475:
1462:
1438:(1): 57–65.
1435:
1431:
1421:
1410:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1369:
1358:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:trade unions
1323:
1318:
1256:
1245:
1241:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1209:
1194:
1186:Soviet Union
1175:
1160:
1154:January 2023
1151:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1108:
1096:Please help
1091:verification
1088:
1041:
981:in 1918–22,
899:
888:East Francia
862:East Germany
858:West Germany
760:
755:Editing help
737:
710:
702:Papal States
687:
684:Mixed unions
648:(1846), and
627:West Germany
580:
578:
574:
539:annexed the
501:many of the
482:in 1822 the
460:
459:
456:
453:
440:Scottish law
404:
363:
336:to form the
328:in 1990 the
298:) and 1716 (
236:created the
228:between the
217:elected the
201:between the
190:
189:
182:
174:Mixed unions
102:
86:
42:
40:
3338:Revisionism
3280:Switzerland
3275:Netherlands
2936:Philippines
2835:Pan-Turkism
2630:Irredentism
2505:Irredentism
2483:Development
2464:Trusteeship
2429:Direct rule
2402:Subordinacy
2213:subdivision
1616:: 143–150.
1330:. The term
1278:Irredentism
1217:, he says:
1196:Lord Durham
997:Vietnam War
965:Charlemagne
802:Great Union
562:(1997) and
505:during the
444:English law
313:united the
139:sovereignty
135:share power
105:. Unlike a
67:prefectures
32:Trade union
18:State union
3368:Federalism
3357:Categories
3342:Rump state
3334:Revanchism
3261:Lebensraum
3110:Yugoslavia
2878:Tamil Nadu
2858:Bangladesh
2783:Azerbaijan
2644:Mauritania
2583:Suzerainty
2525:Separatism
2500:Detachment
2490:Annexation
2381:Superstate
2376:Real union
2313:Devolution
2280:Federation
2222:Federalism
2005:2018-08-20
1969:2018-08-20
1933:2018-08-20
1903:2019-10-01
1874:2019-10-01
1802:2019-10-01
1773:2019-10-01
1744:2019-10-01
1712:2019-10-01
1682:2019-10-01
1594:2018-08-20
1489:2019-10-01
1412:2019-10-01
1386:required.)
1350:References
1288:Real union
1273:Federation
1204:federation
1124:newspapers
1062:, and the
1032:See also:
995:after the
956:) and the
864:since the
852:after the
665:Sevastopol
513:, and the
278:, and the
162:annexation
119:devolution
111:real union
3296:Australia
2911:Indonesia
2800:Kurdistan
2740:Argentina
2707:Greenland
2568:Home rule
2520:Secession
2515:Partition
2157:1354-5078
2109:696773008
1846:145245653
1838:0013-8266
1672:0013-0613
1646:220848652
1630:0002-7162
1551:1 October
1525:0140-2382
1454:1865-5831
1332:pro-union
1293:Secession
1206:. In his
1019:in 1990,
973:feudalism
958:Byzantine
940:1815–71,
914:Anschluss
788:, in 1859
594:in 1871,
583:include:
560:Hong Kong
373:in 1532 (
321:into the
294:), 1715 (
257:Transvaal
185:see below
117:may have
75:provinces
3227:Wallonia
3141:Dalmatia
3059:Bulgaria
3021:Slovenia
2941:Thailand
2931:Mongolia
2926:Malaysia
2894:Cambodia
2750:Colombia
2563:Hegemony
2546:Autonomy
2539:See also
2434:Dominion
2260:Federacy
2051:, 1999,
1960:Archived
1927:Archived
1897:Archived
1868:Archived
1796:Archived
1738:Archived
1706:Archived
1676:Archived
1545:Archived
1480:Archived
1406:Archived
1324:unionism
1261:See also
1235:and the
900:de facto
894:and the
700:and the
671:(albeit
644:(1791),
633:in 1957;
631:Saarland
623:in 1815;
606:Ethiopia
602:in 1949;
558:(1949),
554:(1951),
550:annexed
367:Brittany
317:and the
292:Valencia
232:and the
205:and the
99:conquest
95:coercion
87:unionism
3289:Oceania
3270:Ireland
3239:Austria
3234:Germany
3217:Celtics
3212:Belgium
3194:Karelia
3189:Finland
3136:Corsica
3103:Galicia
3064:Croatia
3042:Albania
3026:Ukraine
3014:Ukraine
2992:Romania
2982:Moldova
2977:Hungary
2967:Belarus
2951:Vietnam
2778:Assyria
2771:Artsakh
2766:Armenia
2654:Somalia
2649:Morocco
2495:Cession
2444:Mandate
1893:WiseMee
1638:1048332
1138:scholar
1021:divided
983:divided
969:Spoleto
942:divided
926:Austria
876:Germany
836:in 1919
830:in 1918
822:in 1918
816:in 1918
810:in 1918
786:Romania
667:by the
659:of the
652:(1848);
619:to the
610:Eritrea
566:(1999).
272:Castile
219:monarch
83:cession
71:regions
3222:France
3171:Ticino
3146:Istria
3091:Kosovo
3086:Serbia
3074:Enosis
3069:Greece
3009:Crimea
3004:Russia
2987:Poland
2830:Cyprus
2825:Turkey
2815:Israel
2795:Cyprus
2712:Mexico
2702:Canada
2687:Mexico
2675:Canada
2637:Africa
2419:Colony
2349:Empire
2327:Unions
2155:
2107:
2097:
2055:
1844:
1836:
1822:CXXIII
1670:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1523:
1452:
1336:-unity
1210:Report
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1111:
928:into "
924:" and
916:(1938
738:is in
661:Crimea
617:Geneva
588:Canada
535:, the
509:, the
471:, the
371:France
288:Aragon
255:, and
145:, and
133:, and
65:; and
3306:Samoa
3166:Savoy
3156:Malta
3131:Corfu
3126:Italy
3119:Italy
3098:Spain
2946:Timor
2921:Korea
2916:Japan
2899:China
2868:Nepal
2863:India
2842:Yemen
2820:Syria
2745:Chile
1999:(PDF)
1988:(PDF)
1963:(PDF)
1952:(PDF)
1842:S2CID
1763:$ USD
1642:S2CID
1634:JSTOR
1483:(PDF)
1472:(PDF)
1380:
1310:Notes
1208:1839
1145:JSTOR
1131:books
1056:ASEAN
890:/the
744:prose
564:Macau
552:Tibet
499:unite
431:Tyrol
407:Union
249:Natal
73:, or
61:in a
3161:Nice
2810:Iraq
2805:Iran
2717:Cuba
2153:ISSN
2105:OCLC
2095:ISBN
2053:ISBN
1834:ISSN
1668:ISSN
1626:ISSN
1553:2019
1521:ISSN
1450:ISSN
1117:news
1046:and
1036:and
1003:and
952:and
918:Nazi
860:and
740:list
655:and
636:the
546:the
520:the
493:the
369:and
309:the
290:and
224:the
197:The
97:and
57:and
2145:doi
1826:doi
1618:doi
1614:538
1513:doi
1440:doi
1334:or
1100:by
187:).
109:or
3359::
3340:·
3336:·
3332:·
3328:·
3324:·
2151:.
2141:16
2139:.
2103:.
2047:,
2022:.
1990:.
1958:.
1954:.
1925:.
1921:.
1891:.
1866:.
1862:.
1840:.
1832:.
1820:.
1794:.
1790:.
1761:.
1736:.
1732:.
1721:^
1704:.
1700:.
1674:.
1662:.
1640:.
1632:.
1624:.
1612:.
1582:.
1519:.
1509:22
1507:.
1478:.
1474:.
1448:.
1436:16
1434:.
1430:.
1404:.
1400:.
1368:.
1066:.
932:")
446:.
251:,
247:,
141:,
69:,
41:A
2622:e
2615:t
2608:v
2204:e
2197:t
2190:v
2159:.
2147::
2111:.
2079:.
2008:.
1972:.
1936:.
1906:.
1877:.
1848:.
1828::
1805:.
1776:.
1747:.
1715:.
1685:.
1648:.
1620::
1597:.
1565:"
1555:.
1527:.
1515::
1492:.
1456:.
1442::
1415:.
1378:.
1167:)
1161:(
1156:)
1152:(
1142:·
1135:·
1128:·
1121:·
1094:.
975:.
910:.
882:(
846:.
798:.
765:)
761:(
747:.
543:;
528:;
517:;
490:;
479:;
355:.
340:;
325:;
306:;
263:;
240:;
221:;
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.