56:
121:; alternatively, the name may have derived from the small crosses at the beginning of the coins' inscriptions, an unusual feature for Byzantine currency, although these are not very conspicuous.
224:
on the reverse. The inscriptions are fairly uniform, with the reverse featuring an inner and an outer inscription: "+ ΔΕCΠΟΤΙC Ο ΠΑΛΕΟΛΟΓΟC / ΘV ΧΑΡΙΤΙ ΒΑCΙΛΕVC ΡWΜΑΙWN", i.e. "Lord (
545:
130:
as the highest-denomination coin in circulation. Hence it was made heavier than any previous
Byzantine silver coin, or, for that matter, any contemporary
414:
95:(r. 1341–1376, 1379–1391) in circa 1367 and used for the last century of Byzantine history. The late Byzantine coin was probably named after the
1024:
514:
486:
427:
477:
462:
538:
254:
instead: "ΘV ΧΑΡΙΤΙ AVTOKΡΑΤOΡ". Until 1990, when a hoard of ninety coins appeared, and with the exception of two half-
248:
of John V's reign, the inscriptions were in reverse order, and under Manuel II, the inner inscription used the term
531:
990:
433:
1019:
63:
605:
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203:
92:
55:
966:
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458:
423:
114:
84:
558:
241:
221:
183:
143:
44:
971:
883:
91:, but in its more specific sense, it denotes the large silver coins introduced by Emperor
168:
initially weighed 4.4 grams and gradually declined to 3.7; the one-eighth, known as the
671:
580:
259:
32:
1013:
523:
504:
452:
704:
231:
833:
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742:
691:
683:
250:
126:
79:
863:
845:
594:
976:
942:
857:
236:
226:
118:
109:
138:
but falling later to 7.4 grams. It still had only half the value of the
677:
88:
949:
929:
776:
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717:
646:
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623:
617:
217:
131:
40:
587:
206:
175:
96:
54:
135:
75:
527:
193:
454:
Studies in the
Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450
959:
893:
818:
727:
656:
565:
349:
347:
124:The coin was designed to replace the defunct gold
107:) that featured in its presumed model, the double
258:, no silver coins of the last Byzantine emperor,
481:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
539:
262:(r. 1449–1453), were known to have survived.
8:
292:For an examination of the chronology of the
74:first appears in the mid-11th century for a
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532:
524:
322:
320:
318:
457:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43:coin used during the last century of the
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353:
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280:
270:
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381:
369:
326:
297:
276:
274:
7:
142:however, which remained in use as a
216:All these coins featured a bust of
198:) weighed circa 1.1 grams. Quarter-
478:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
422:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks.
153:was complemented by fractions of ⁄
14:
202:were not minted, and the silver
220:on the obverse and an imperial
174:(Greek: δουκατόπουλον, "little
1:
1025:Coins of the Byzantine Empire
134:coin, weighing initially 8.5
234:/ by God's Grace, Emperor (
1041:
451:Hendy, Michael F. (1985).
296:and its introduction, see
194:
985:
503:Grierson, Philip (1982).
413:Grierson, Philip (1999).
36:
991:Byzantine Empire Portal
765:Trikephalon/Manouelaton
87:holding a cross-shaped
368:, pp. 658, 1946;
161:, both in silver. The
67:
356:, pp. 16–17, 45.
341:, pp. 965, 1946.
213:) were used instead.
64:Manuel II Palaiologos
58:
16:Byzantine silver coin
396:, pp. 545–546;
509:. London: Methuen.
384:, pp. 542–543.
372:, pp. 540–541.
300:, pp. 542–545.
998:Numismatics Portal
821:(ca. 1300 – 1350s)
473:Kazhdan, Alexander
209:(Greek: δουκάτον,
93:John V Palaiologos
68:
1007:
1006:
967:Byzantine economy
730:(1092 – ca. 1300)
516:978-0-416-71360-2
488:978-0-19-504652-6
429:978-0-88402-274-9
416:Byzantine Coinage
144:notional currency
99:(Greek: σταυρός,
85:Byzantine emperor
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772:
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659:(ca. 700 – 1092)
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559:Byzantine Empire
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432:. Archived from
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45:Byzantine Empire
39:) was a type of
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972:Byzantine mints
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568:(498 – ca. 700)
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506:Byzantine Coins
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497:Further reading
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66:(r. 1391–1425).
62:of the Emperor
53:
17:
12:
11:
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960:Related topics
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755:Nomisma trachy
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475:, ed. (1991).
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924:Doukatopoulon
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896:(1367 – 1453)
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819:Fourth period
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657:Second period
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464:0-521-24715-2
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439:on 2010-06-13
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400:, p. 17.
399:
398:Grierson 1999
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354:Grierson 1999
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171:doukatopoulon
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24:
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1020:Silver coins
996:
989:
948:
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928:
923:
922:
916:
914:
908:
907:
894:Fifth period
882:
875:
862:
856:
844:
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799:
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764:
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728:Third period
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682:
676:
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645:
640:Pentanummium
638:
631:
625:
616:
593:
586:
579:
566:First period
505:
476:
453:
441:. Retrieved
434:the original
415:
389:
377:
366:Kazhdan 1991
361:
339:Kazhdan 1991
334:
305:
293:
288:
281:Kazhdan 1991
255:
249:
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235:
225:
215:
210:
199:
188:
187:
186:sources) or
179:
170:
169:
164:
162:
150:
148:
139:
125:
123:
108:
104:
100:
83:showing the
78:
71:
69:
59:
27:
26:
21:
20:
18:
705:Miliaresion
695:(from 960s)
633:Decanummium
232:Palaiologos
1014:Categories
943:Tournesion
858:Tournesion
834:Hyperpyron
809:tetarteron
801:Tetarteron
743:Hyperpyron
708:(from 720)
692:Tetarteron
684:Histamenon
608:(from 615)
555:Currencies
443:2010-03-12
394:Hendy 1985
382:Hendy 1985
370:Hendy 1985
327:Hendy 1985
298:Hendy 1985
266:References
251:Autokrator
244:". In the
140:hyperpyron
127:hyperpyron
80:histamenon
917:stavraton
909:Stavraton
864:Politikon
846:Basilikon
595:Tremissis
294:stavraton
240:) of the
180:duchatelo
165:stavraton
151:stavraton
72:stavraton
70:The name
60:Stavraton
37:σταυράτον
28:stauraton
22:stavraton
977:Scyphate
884:Assarion
788:Stamenon
749:Electrum
606:Hexagram
588:Semissis
256:stavrata
246:stavrata
237:Basileus
227:despotes
211:doukaton
204:Venetian
200:stavrata
132:European
119:Provence
117:and the
110:gigliato
950:Follaro
681:(later
678:Nomisma
672:Solidus
581:Solidus
557:of the
407:Sources
230:) the
184:Italian
105:stauros
101:stavros
89:scepter
51:History
937:Copper
930:Aspron
903:Silver
877:Trachy
871:Copper
852:Billon
840:Silver
795:Copper
782:trachy
777:aspron
771:Billon
760:aspron
718:Follis
712:Copper
699:Silver
647:Nummus
626:follis
618:Follis
612:Copper
601:Silver
513:
485:
461:
426:
242:Romans
218:Christ
207:ducats
195:ἄσπρον
189:aspron
115:Naples
41:silver
915:Half-
807:Half-
624:Half-
437:(PDF)
420:(PDF)
176:ducat
163:half-
157:and ⁄
136:grams
97:cross
33:Greek
828:Gold
737:Gold
666:Gold
575:Gold
511:ISBN
483:ISBN
459:ISBN
424:ISBN
222:bust
149:The
76:gold
19:The
675:or
182:in
178:",
113:of
25:or
1016::
346:^
317:^
273:^
146:.
47:.
35::
933:)
927:(
867:)
861:(
791:)
785:(
767:)
763:(
687:)
547:e
540:t
533:v
519:.
491:.
467:.
446:.
192:(
159:8
155:2
103:/
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
