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132:, is a type of skiing turn that originated in the mid-1800s in Norway and lasted until the late 1960s. It comprises three steps: 1) forming a wedge by rotating the tail of one ski outwards at an angle to the direction of movement, initiating a change in direction opposite to the stemmed ski, 2) bringing the other ski parallel to the wedged ski, and 3) completing the turn with both skis parallel as they carve an arc, sliding sideways together.
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in the mid-1800s. Norheim was a
Norwegian skier and inventor whose innovations included early ski heel bindings that facilitated turning and jumping, and method for turning that included the basic stem, the Christiana, stem Christiana and parallel turns. The term derives from turns employed by
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accelerated the obsolescence of the stem christie, starting in the late 1990s, because of their improved turning characteristics over skis with minimal sidecut.
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Norwegian jumpers in Oslo, Norway—then called "Christiana"—which was later shortened to "christie".
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The technique was widely used until the late 1960s, when its use diminished in favor of the
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212:. Oslo, Norway: Hjemmenes forlag i samarbeid med Foreningen til ski-idrettens fremme.
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This specific type of turn was promoted in the first decade of the 1900s by
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Skiing Sun Valley : a history from Union
Pacific to the Holdings
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Idrettsordboka: norsk-engelsk/engelsk-norsk ordbok for vinteridretter
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527:"All Mixed Up? How to Make Sense of the Multi-Shaped Lesson"
444:. International Skiing History Association. pp. 8–9.
233:. Sport og fritid. Oslo, Norway: Teknologisk Forlag.
496:. University Press of New England. pp. 93–111.
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402:"Instruction Corner—Back to Basics: Edge Control"
351:"Sondre Norheim, Norwegian athlete and inventor"
323:Abraham, Horst; Campbell, Stu (September 1978).
533:. Archived from the original on April 11, 2003
461:. Charleston, SC: History Press. p. 361.
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187:Den moderne skiidrott hundre ĂĄr: 1866-1966
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614:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms
230:Alpin skisport: utfor, slalĂĄm, storslalĂĄm
164:as the standard for descending on skis.
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326:Developing Skills for Skiing: Part 1
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438:Lund, Morten (September 2007).
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412:(4). Chicago: Ziff-Davis: 94.
259:. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
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525:Hall, Johanna (Winter 1997).
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441:Norway: How it all started
185:Bjaaland, Olav S. (1966).
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551:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
227:Holm, Arild, ed. (1980).
455:Lundin, John W. (2020).
356:Encyclopedia Britannica
156:as the mainstay of the
493:Story of Modern Skiing
329:. Skiing. p. 149.
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1255:Category:Snowboarding
349:(December 29, 2021).
208:Vaage, Jakob (1979).
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975:Technique / learning
705:Cross-country skiing
639:Cross-country skiing
283:- also known as the
742:Olympic disciplines
1073:List of ski brands
845:Ski mountaineering
800:Para-alpine skiing
710:Backcountry skiing
490:Fry, John (2017).
382:has generic name (
255:Hem, Olav (1996).
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18:Stem Christie
1223:Surface lift
1201:Gondola lift
1022:Skate skiing
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918:Snowboarding
835:Night skiing
818:Other skiing
805:Speed skiing
790:Glade skiing
754:Giant slalom
698:Recreational
679:Ski marathon
598:snowboarding
537:December 14,
535:. Retrieved
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362:December 29,
360:. Retrieved
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246:December 29,
244:. Retrieved
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1218:Hybrid lift
982:Carved turn
931:Backcountry
840:Ski archery
689:Ski touring
651:Ski jumping
632:Competitive
423:November 6,
41:Carved turn
1179:detachable
1146:Snowmaking
1136:Ski tunnel
1012:Ski school
1002:Snowplough
997:Pivot turn
956:Slopestyle
941:Freeriding
908:Slopestyle
898:Ski ballet
883:Freeskiing
878:Freeriding
795:Heliskiing
656:Ski flying
644:Paralympic
477:1223026412
310:References
285:wedge turn
266:8200227758
240:8251201942
219:8270061689
152:ski guide
56:Pivot turn
33:techniques
1186:Funicular
1174:Chairlift
1161:Ski lifts
1119:Superpipe
1114:Half-pipe
1102:amenities
1080:Snowboard
1031:Equipment
987:Jump turn
951:Half-pipe
946:Freestyle
903:Ski cross
720:Skijoring
672:Endurance
512:975025785
418:0037-6264
289:stem turn
195:cite book
46:Jump turn
1270:Category
1211:tricable
1131:Ski area
1038:Bindings
825:Biathlon
769:Combined
764:Downhill
547:cite web
531:PSIA.org
275:See also
150:Austrian
1206:bicable
1196:Funitel
1191:Funifor
1053:Monoski
936:Big air
873:Big air
759:Super-G
189:. Oslo.
136:History
1100:Resort
1048:Helmet
926:Alpine
749:Slalom
594:Skiing
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120:gates.
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31:Skiing
1151:Trail
1126:Piste
1063:Skins
1058:Poles
1043:Boots
893:Mogul
305:Notes
1085:Suit
1068:Skis
596:and
553:link
539:2013
508:OCLC
498:ISBN
473:OCLC
463:ISBN
425:2016
414:ISSN
384:help
364:2021
261:ISBN
248:2021
235:ISBN
214:ISBN
201:link
124:The
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128:or
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