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plant builds. In 1976 this decision was reversed due to the combination of a predicted sharp drop in electricity demand, higher than expected costs, and the lack of obvious export potential in a shrinking nuclear market. Given the limited number of new reactors expected in the future, modified versions of the AGR were selected over SGHWR as no further development effort was needed.
141:
This contest ultimately selected the AGR design, and several AGRs began construction in the late 1960s. These quickly ran into problems, and by the early 1970s the design was considered a failure. In 1974, a larger version of the SGHWR with a design power of 650 MWe was selected for future power
186:
to the point where natural uranium can no longer be used as fuel. The ability to run on natural uranium was considered a major benefit in the 1960s as it appeared the demand for enrichment would outstrip the supply. By the 1970s it was clear that fuel supplies were not going to be a problem, and the
51:
A single prototype of the design, the 100 MWe "Winfrith
Reactor", was connected to the grid in 1967 and ran until 1990. A larger commercial design with a 650 MWe power rating was selected in 1974 as the basis for future reactor builds in the UK, but declining electricity use led to this
178:
designs in that it uses a low-pressure reactor vessel containing the moderator and high-pressure piping for the coolant. This both reduces the total amount of expensive heavy water required, as well as reducing the complexity of the reactor vessel, which in turn reduces construction costs and
145:
The
Winfrith Reactor reactor remained operational and was used for a wide variety of purposes until it ceased operation in October 1990 after 23 years of operations. As of 2019 it is in the process of being decommissioned by Magnox Ltd on behalf of the
114:
Although Magnox was technically successful it was expensive. For future orders, several alternative reactor designs concepts were studied during the early 1960s. As part of this program, a 100
304:
1207:
338:
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1002:
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in the 1960s and was connected to the grid in 1967. It is often known simply as the "Winfrith
Reactor". The other designs produced similar sub-scale prototypes of the
397:
231:
331:
194:
The idea of using heavy water for the moderator and light water for the coolant was explored by a number of designs during this period. The
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It differs in that it uses ordinary "light" water as a coolant, whereas CANDU uses heavy water here as well. Light water reduces the
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83:. These designs differ with the baseline CANDU design, which uses heavy water as the coolant as well as the moderator.
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in Quebec used the same solution, but this was not successful and shut down after a short lifetime. The
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use of unenriched fuel was no longer a major design goal. Using slight enrichment leads to higher
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210:, was built but never commissioned. The last attempt to use this basic design was the modern
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111:(AGR) abandoned this for a variety of reasons, using low-enriched uranium instead.
40:
and normal "light" water as the coolant. The coolant boils in the reactor, like a
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33:
191:
and more economical fuel cycles, offsetting the now-low costs of enrichment.
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of the early 2000s, but development ended without an example being built.
52:
decision being reversed in 1976 and no production models were ever built.
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Steam
Generating Heavy Water Reactor – SGHWR – The final chapter
320:
91:
SGHWR was a departure from previous UK designs, which had used
55:
SGHWR was among a number of similar designs, which include the
750:
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311:
Heavy Water
Reactors: Status and Projected Development
254:"Rail transfer landmark for UK waste disposal project"
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833:
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276:"UK completes transfer of Winfrith waste drums"
202:in Japan suffered a similar fate. The Italian
1003:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
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8:
126:also at Winfrith, the Magnox-derived AGR at
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912:
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118:(MWe) prototype of the SGHWR was built at
1239:Nuclear technology in the United Kingdom
223:
150:. Between 2022 and 2024, 1068 drums of
930:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
935:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
196:Gentilly-1 Nuclear Generating Station
7:
18:Steam Generating Heavy Water Reactor
940:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
256:. World Nuclear News. 28 March 2022
61:Gentilly Nuclear Generating Station
44:, and drives the power-extraction
14:
174:SGHWR is similar to the Canadian
154:were transported by train to the
148:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
99:gas as the coolant. The original
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1202:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1173:
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1023:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
166:while being stored at Winfrith.
1013:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
1:
300:RSRL Winfrith Site Operations
75:, and the never-commissioned
813:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
1234:Nuclear power reactor types
1160:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
200:Fugen Advanced Test Reactor
109:Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor
69:Fugen Advanced Test Reactor
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998:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
208:Latina Nuclear Power Plant
156:Low Level Waste Repository
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1123:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
1018:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
983:
825:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
355:
1188:List of nuclear reactors
1028:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
644:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
162:but had decayed down to
160:intermediate-level waste
158:. The material was once
124:High Temperature Reactor
1178:Nuclear fusion reactors
1143:Organic nuclear reactor
349:nuclear fission reactor
103:was designed to run on
212:Advanced CANDU Reactor
132:Prototype Fast Reactor
28:design for commercial
95:as the moderator and
42:boiling water reactor
1244:Heavy water reactors
1008:Traveling-wave (TWR)
492:Supercritical (SCWR)
378:Aqueous homogeneous
116:megawatt electrical
107:but the subsequent
1198:Nuclear technology
280:World Nuclear News
242:on 7 October 2008.
232:"SGHWR Fuel Ponds"
206:design, hosted at
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1208:Nuclear accidents
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152:radioactive waste
38:neutron moderator
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238:. Archived from
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30:nuclear reactors
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410:Natural fission
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282:. 13 March 2024
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105:natural uranium
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307:, Magnox, 2015
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97:carbon dioxide
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46:steam turbines
26:United Kingdom
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1038:Generation IV
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1046:Sodium (SFR)
973:fast-neutron
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358:
313:, IAEA, 2002
284:. Retrieved
279:
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258:. Retrieved
248:
240:the original
235:
226:
193:
181:
179:complexity.
173:
144:
140:
113:
90:
54:
50:
21:
17:
15:
1081:Superphénix
908:Molten-salt
860:VHTR (HTGR)
637:HW BLWR 250
603:R4 Marviken
532:Pressurized
502:Heavy water
486:many others
415:Pressurized
370:Light water
79:reactor in
34:heavy water
1223:Categories
865:PBR (PBMR)
218:References
130:, and the
32:. It uses
917:Fluorides
581:IPHWR-700
576:IPHWR-540
571:IPHWR-220
360:Moderator
347:Types of
128:Windscale
59:-derived
950:TMSR-LF1
945:TMSR-500
925:Fuji MSR
885:THTR-300
725:Graphite
588:PHWR KWU
554:ACR-1000
482:IPWR-900
465:ACPR1000
460:HPR-1000
450:CPR-1000
425:APR-1400
286:15 March
260:28 March
136:Dounreay
120:Winfrith
93:graphite
24:) was a
1091:FBR-600
1071:CFR-600
1066:BN-1200
732:coolant
659:Organic
544:CANDU 9
541:CANDU 6
509:coolant
470:ACP1000
445:CAP1400
383:Boiling
87:History
36:as the
1136:Others
1076:Phénix
1061:BN-800
1056:BN-600
1051:BN-350
880:HTR-PM
875:HTR-10
855:UHTREX
820:Magnox
815:(UNGG)
708:Lucens
703:KS 150
440:ATMEA1
420:AP1000
403:Kerena
204:CIRENE
189:burnup
170:Design
101:Magnox
77:CIRENE
67:, the
65:Quebec
1153:Piqua
1148:Arbus
1106:PRISM
848:MHR-T
843:GTMHR
773:EGP-6
768:AMB-X
743:Water
688:HWGCR
627:HWLWR
566:IPHWR
537:CANDU
398:ESBWR
236:UKAEA
81:Italy
73:Japan
57:CANDU
22:SGHWR
1113:Lead
1096:CEFR
1086:PFBR
968:None
778:RBMK
763:AM-1
693:EL-4
667:WR-1
649:AHWR
593:MZFR
561:CVTR
550:AFCR
477:VVER
435:APWR
430:APR+
393:ABWR
288:2024
262:2022
16:The
1101:PFR
892:PMR
870:AVR
792:Gas
730:by
698:KKN
632:ATR
547:EC6
507:by
455:EPR
388:BWR
134:at
71:in
63:in
1225::
835:He
801:CO
677:CO
598:R3
278:.
234:.
138:.
48:.
975:)
971:(
803:2
755:O
753:2
751:H
679:2
619:O
617:2
615:H
524:O
522:2
520:D
340:e
333:t
326:v
290:.
264:.
20:(
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