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987:
444:
972:(Nashville tuning) neck is further from the player. It may have up to ten pedals and a separate volume pedal, and up to eight knee levers are used to alter the tuning of various strings, allowing more varied and complex music than any other steel guitar. As an example, use of the pedals and knee levers in various combinations allows the player to play a major scale without moving the bar. The invention of the instrument was set in motion by the need to play more interesting and varied music that was not possible on previous steel guitars and to obviate the need for additional necks on console steels.
765:, and it caused a virtual revolution among steel players who wanted to duplicate it. Almost simultaneously, an entire musical subculture took a radical stylistic tack. Even though pedal steel guitars had been available for over a decade before this recording, the instrument emerged as a crucial element in country music after the success of this song. When the lap steel was thus superseded by the pedal steel, the inherent Hawaiian influence was brought into the new sound of country music emerging in
841:(pronounced mo-ay). Moe taught Hawaiian guitar style and made steel guitars, and helped popularize the instrument in India. By the 1960s, the steel had become a common instrument in Indian popular musicâlater included in film soundtracks. Indian musicians typically play the lap steel while sitting on the floor and have modified the instrument by using, for example, three melody strings (played with steel bar and finger picks), four plucked drone strings, and 12 sympathetic strings to buzz like a
998:", "tone bar", "slide", "bottleneck" and others. A cylindrical-shaped steel with a bullet-shape on one end is typical in console steel and pedal steel playing. Lap steel and Dobro players often use a steel bar with squared-off ends and a deep groove for firmer grip. It has a cross section that resembles a railroad track. Another type of steel is a tubular object around a finger then referred to as a "slide"; that style of playing is called "slide guitar".
472:
282:" because certain strings were "slackened" to achieve it. Steel guitar strings, then a novelty, offered new possibilities to the islanders. To change chords, they used some smooth object, usually a piece of pipe or metal, sliding it over the strings to the fourth or fifth position, easily playing a three-chord song. It is physically difficult to hold a steel bar against the strings while holding the guitar against the body (hand
551:
369:
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40:
201:. Electrification allowed these instruments to be heard, and it also meant their resonant chambers were no longer essential. This meant steel guitars could be manufactured in any design, even a rectangular block bearing little or no resemblance to the traditional guitar shape. This led to table-like instruments in a metal frame on legs called "
639:. He found that a vibrating metal string in a magnetic field generates a small current that can be amplified and sent to a loudspeaker; his steel guitar was the world's first electric guitar. According to music writer Michael Ross, the first electrified stringed instrument on a commercial recording was a steel guitar played by
421:, and Hawaiian songs sung in English. Subsequently, the program was heard worldwide on over 750 stations. Sol Hoʻopiʻi began broadcasting live from KHJ radio in Los Angeles in 1923. By the 1920s, Hawaiian music instruction for children was becoming common in the U.S. One of the steel guitar's foremost virtuosos,
761:", he pushed the pedal while playing a chord, so certain notes could be heard bending up from below into the existing chord to harmonize with the other strings, creating a stunning effect which had not been possible with on a lap steel. It was the birth of a new sound that was particularly embraced by fans of
153:
or similar hard object against plucked strings. The bar itself is called a "steel" and is the source of the name "steel guitar". The instrument differs from a conventional guitar in that it is played without using frets; conceptually, it is somewhat akin to playing a guitar with one finger (the bar).
890:
Early lap steel guitars were traditional guitars tuned to a chord and modified by raising the strings away from the frets. After the electric pickup was invented, lap steels no longer needed any resonant chamber, thus newer designs began to resemble the traditional guitar shape less and less. These
942:
The console steel is any type electric steel guitar that rests on legs in a frame and is designed to be played in a seated position. The console steel usually has multiple necksâup to a maximum of fourâeach tuned differently. In the evolution of the steel guitar, the console steel is intermediate
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as a hybrid between the two types of guitars, using one finger inserted into a tubular slide or a bottleneck with one finger while using frets with the remaining fingers (usually for rhythm accompaniment). This technique allows the player to finger the frets on some strings and use the slide on
605:
band. He played the instrument while standing with the guitar facing upward held horizontally by a shoulder strap. Oswald's Dobro attracted interest and fascination; he said, "People couldn't understand how I played it and what it was, and they'd always want to come around and look at it."
181:
in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century and in 1916, recordings of indigenous
Hawaiian music outsold all other U.S. musical genres. This popularity spawned the manufacture of guitars designed specifically to be played horizontally. The archetypal instrument is the
451:
In the early twentieth century, steel guitar playing branched off into two streams: lap-style, performed on an instrument specifically designed or modified to be played on the performer's lap; and bottleneck-style, performed on a traditional
Spanish guitar held flat against the body. The
919:
resonator lap steels of any brand. Bluegrass dobro players often use a "Stevens bar" which has a deep groove in it to allow the steel to be grasped more firmly so it can be lifted and angled vertically downward slightly for playing single notes. The technique also allows for
679:
with different tunings on the same instrument. The added bulk meant that the instrument could no longer be managed on the player's lap and required placement in a frame with legs and marketed as a "console" steel guitar. Prominent layers of that era, including
577:
featured an acoustic steel guitar on his song "Tuck Away My
Lonesome Blues" released on January 3, 1930. In the early 1930s, acoustic lap steel guitars were not loud enough to compete with other instruments, a problem that many inventors were trying to remedy.
590:, a non-electric device resembling a large inverted loudspeaker cone attached under the bridge of a guitar to make it louder. The name "Dobro", a portmanteau of DOpyera and BROthers, became a generic term for this type of guitar, popularized by Pete Kirby ("
875:
and David Luela Kaili travelling across New
Zealand, fascinated of their informed similar ancestry while also receiving very positively of their performances. Eruera Hita (or stagename "Mati Hita") was the pioneer of the instrument among New Zealanders.
743:
The original idea for adding pedals to a console guitar was simply to push a pedal and change the tuning of all the strings into a different tuning and thus obviate the need for an additional neck, but these early efforts were unsuccessful. Around 1948,
236:
who embraced the steel guitar sound but continued holding their guitar in the traditional way; they used a tubular object (the neck of a bottle) called a "slide" around a finger. This technique, historically called "bottleneck" guitar, is now known as
618:
to the extent that this type of lap steel became an established and familiar fixture in this genre. The dobro fell out of favor in mainstream country music until a bluegrass revival in the 1970s brought it back with younger virtuoso players like
273:
in the
Hawaiian Islands. For whatever reason, Hawaiians did not embrace standard guitar tuning that had been in use for centuries. They re-tuned their guitars to make them sound a major chord when all six strings were strummed, now known as an
899:
Electro Aâ22", an electric lap steel guitar produced from 1931 to 1939. It was the first electric stringed instrument of any kind and was the first electric stringed instrument to be heard on a commercial recording. Steel players, including
756:
used Bigsby's invention to change the pitch of only two of the strings, and was the first to push the pedal while notes were still sounding. When Isaacs first used the setup on the 1954 recording of Webb Pierce's song called
452:
bottleneck-style became associated with blues and rock music, and the horizontal style became associated with several musical genres, including
Hawaiian music, country music, Western swing, honky-tonk, bluegrass and gospel.
365:) was perhaps the most famous of the Hawaiians who spread the sound of instrumental lap steel worldwide. This music became popular to the degree that it was called the "Hawaiian craze" and was ignited by a number of events.
2437:
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emulating the human singing voice. Typically, the strings are plucked (not strummed) by the fingers of the dominant hand, while the steel tone bar is pressed lightly against the strings and moved by the opposite hand.
304:
performer and also toured Europe performing
Hawaiian music. The Hawaiian style of playing spread to America and became popular during the first half of the 20th century; noted players of the era were
407:
and over a nine-month period introduced the
Hawaiian style of guitar playing to millions of visitors. In 1916, recordings of indigenous Hawaiian instruments outsold every other genre of music in the U.S.
671:. In October, 1936, McAuliffe recorded "Steel Guitar Rag" with Wills' band on a Rickenbacker Bâ6 lap steel with phenomenal record sales. Steel guitarists felt a need to change tunings for different
928:
notes when there is an adjacent open string. Dobro players often slant the bar horizontally when playing to change an interval between two or more notes played simultaneously on different strings.
384:
premiered; it featured
Hawaiian music and elaborate costumes. The show became quite successful and, to ride this wave of success, it toured the U.S. and Europe, eventually spawning the 1932 film
396:
stated, "So great is the popularity of
Hawaiian music in this country that 'The Bird of Paradise' will go on record as having created the greatest musical fad this country has ever known".
968:
The pedal steel guitar is an electric console instrument with one or two necks, each typically with ten strings. The neck tuned to C6 (Texas tuning) is closer to the player and the
1031:
The Hawaiians also learned to play this re-tuned guitar without a steel, fretting it and holding it against the body like a traditional guitar. This led to its own genre known as
300:
became proficient in this style of playing around the end of the 19th century and popularized itâsome sources say he invented the steel guitar. He moved to the U.S. and became a
257:", a type of steel guitar with either a round or square neck, sometimes played with the musician standing and the guitar facing upward held horizontally by a shoulder strap.
166:
The idea of creating music with a slide of some type has been traced back to early African instruments, but the modern steel guitar was conceived and popularized in the
212:
In the United States, the steel guitar influenced popular music in the early twentieth century, combining with jazz, swing and country music to be prominently heard in
2516:
170:. The Hawaiians began playing a conventional guitar in a horizontal position across the knees instead of flat against the body, using the bar instead of fingers.
807:
Stringmaster 8-string (Fender Deluxe-8). Campbell was skilled at mimicking the human singing voice with his guitar. The idea of Campbell's recordings with the
2609:
Troutman, John W. (August 2017). "The Steel Heard 'Round the World: Exposing the Global Reach of Indigenous Musical Journeys with the Hawaiian Steel Guitar".
1460:
400:
2637:
2059:
793:, embraced the lap steel guitar. The steel guitar often took the place of an organ and its sound bore no resemblance to typical American country music.
1519:
994:
A "steel" is a hard, smooth object pressed against guitar strings and is the reason for the name "steel guitar". It may go by many names, including "
2089:
748:, a motorcycle shop foreman, designed a pedal system. He put pedals on a rack between the two front legs of a console steel guitar to create the
2798:
804:
2808:
2803:
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1886:
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1748:
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190:. These early acoustic instruments were not loud enough relative to other instruments, but that changed in 1934 when a steel guitarist named
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and other blues pioneers, who used a prominent tubular slide on a finger. The first known recording of the bottleneck style was in 1923 by
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818:
took up the pedal steel as a teenager, popularized it in this genre and received critical acclaim as a musician. Neil Strauss, writing in
815:
1922:
663:. The design of this instrument and the way it was played underwent continual change as the music of the genre evolved. In the 1930s,
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2136:
2011:
1953:
1859:
1823:
1714:
1418:
1216:
440:", spurred instrument makers to produce them in quantity and create innovations in the design to accommodate this style of playing.
356:
69:
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1939:
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221:
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The annexation of Hawai'i as a U.S. territory in 1900 stimulated Americans' interest in Hawaiian music and customs. In 1912, a
574:
2001:
491:, whose playing, says historian GĂ©rard Herzhaft, "created a style that has unquestionably influenced all modern blues". The
1375:
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developed this manner of playing a guitar, known as "Hawaiian style", about 1890 and the technique spread internationally.
1176:
561:
The earliest record of a Hawaiian guitar used in country music is believed to be in the early 1920s when cowboy movie star
990:
Steel bar (tonebar) used in playing steel guitar. What appear to be frets on this guitar are only markers, not real frets.
986:
803:, who took the musical tradition from the church to international fame. Campbell played an electric Hawaiian lap steel: a
158:
capabilities, gliding smoothly over every pitch between notes, the instrument can produce a sinuous crying sound and deep
2463:
2409:
1740:
1603:
1267:
386:
443:
2097:
508:
752:. The pedals operated a mechanical linkage to apply tension to raise the pitch of certain strings. In 1953, musician
314:
447:
An electric lap steel guitar. Note that the instrument bears only token resemblance to the traditional guitar shape.
2067:
1468:
856:
287:
283:
1148:
837:
The steel guitar's popularity in India began with a Hawaiian immigrant who settled in Calcutta in the 1940s named
655:
In the early 1930s, the newly-electrified lap steel guitar was adopted by musicians type of dance music known as "
417:
was a program originating in Hawai'i and broadcast to the U.S. mainland west coast. It featured the steel guitar,
2793:
2788:
762:
758:
636:
536:
is not a specific instrument but a style of playing a lap steel guitar usually referring to blues or rock music.
198:
2668:
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instruments were played resting across musicians' knees. George Beauchamp's invention, which he nicknamed the "
700:" style of country music. Honky-tonk singers who used a lap steel guitar in their musical arrangements included
1383:
2547:
2348:
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In the United States in the 1930s, the steel guitar was introduced into religious music, a tradition called "
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2353:
2260:
2128:
1527:
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390:. Joseph Kekuku was a member of the show's original cast and toured with the show for eight years. In 1918,
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is a type of acoustic lap steel with a resonator; the word is commonly used as a generic term to describe
591:
484:
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1876:
1495:
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in the 1950s. This sound became associated with American country music for the ensuing several decades.
392:
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89:
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others. Slide players may use open tunings or traditional tunings as a matter of personal preference.
2160:
1815:
1186:
1057:
937:
595:
202:
824:, called Randolph "one of the most original and talented pedal steel guitarists of his generation".
2706:
892:
640:
426:
1768:
2587:
2521:
1461:"Polynesian Cultural Center Unveils Statue of Joseph Keku, Inventor of the Hawaiian Steel Guitar"
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820:
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206:
61:
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2007:
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1918:
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50:
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2517:"Making Spirits Rock From Church to Clubland; A Gospel Pedal Steel Guitarist Dives Into Pop"
2320:
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1914:
1805:
1120:
1032:
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in the 1920s readily adopted the instrument following their fascination with musicians like
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324:
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An organization which promotes the development of steel guitar with worldwide membership.
872:
868:
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brought Sol Hoʻopiʻi to Los Angeles to perform in his band. In 1927, the acoustic duo of
782:
705:
681:
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688:, added more necks and eventually played instruments with up to four different necks.
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512:
297:
229:
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120:
2161:"Across the South: The origins and development of the steel guitar in western swing"
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played in lap steel fashion. It demonstrates slanting the bar and a grooved tone bar
2034:
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644:
480:
466:
422:
413:
404:
368:
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238:
2764:
A forum where steel players and enthusiasts get together and discuss steel guitar.
2223:
2638:"Book of the Week: A brief history of the power and glory of MÄori popular music"
2403:
2314:
1734:
1576:
1337:
290:. Playing this way became popular throughout Hawai'i and spread internationally.
2642:
2438:"Darick Campbell, gospel musician who upheld sacred steel tradition, dies at 53"
1945:
1209:
KÄ«kÄ kila : How the Hawaiian Steel Guitar Changed the Sound of Modern Music
1181:
745:
732:
728:
709:
660:
607:
562:
310:
286:) so the Hawaiians placed the guitar across the lap and played it with the hand
275:
96:
78:
205:", which were technologically improved about 1950 to become the more versatile
2622:
2575:
1376:"Island Style: How Hawaiian Music Helped Make the Guitar America's Instrument"
1275:
1233:
905:
901:
753:
697:
685:
301:
242:
177:
The sound of Hawaiian music featuring steel guitar became an enduring musical
155:
82:
2060:"First-ever electric guitar patent awarded to the Electro String Corporation"
1625:
1617:
1434:
2466:. Vol. 182, no. 257. Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. p. 8âC
1490:
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981:
921:
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Radio broadcasts played a role in fueling the popularity of Hawaiian music.
187:
150:
17:
855:, traditional Indian compositions and is called the father of the genre of
523:
adapted his song, "Guitar Rag", in 1935 for the influential instrumental "
2285:
811:
and other Blues and Rock artists was not well-received by church leaders.
39:
925:
781:". The congregation of the House of God, a branch of an African-American
266:
667:
advanced steel guitar technique while playing in the western swing band
2674:
2583:
1774:
1578:
The Hawaiian Steel Guitar and Its Great Hawaiian Musicians/Hawaii Calls
1241:
838:
418:
159:
1969:
723:
Most recordings of that era were made on a C6 neck (guitar tuned in a
479:
Solo African-American blues artists popularized the bottleneck-style (
432:
The acceptance of the sound of the steel guitar, then referred to as "
2405:
Sacred steel : inside an African American steel guitar tradition
146:
957:
550:
1211:(ebook ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
511:, who recorded two instrumentals, "Guitar Blues" and "Guitar Rag".
2761:
2733:
985:
956:
912:
851:
842:
714:
549:
470:
442:
367:
254:
1941:
Children of the Blues: 49 Musicians Shaping a New Blues Tradition
610:(Uncle Josh) further popularized the resonator steel guitar into
483:) near the beginning of the twentieth century. One of the first
293:
1090:"Pedal to the Metal: A Short History of the Pedal Steel Guitar"
44:
Three types of steel guitars: resonator, lap steel, pedal steel
2494:
573:
recording of "Birmingham Jail" and "Columbus Stockade Blues".
345:
178:
1709:. Anaheim, California: Centerstream Publications. p. 9.
696:
By the late 1940s, the steel guitar featured prominently in "
487:
blues musicians to adapt the Hawaiian sound to the blues was
372:
An advertisement for the Broadway show "The Bird of Paradise"
799:(1966â2020) was a lap steel player for the gospel band, the
735:
became common and identifiable with the steel guitar sound.
269:, hired by Hawaii's king to work cattle ranches, introduced
569:
expanded the audience for acoustic steel guitar with their
348:
336:
333:
265:
In the late 19th century, European sailors and Portuguese
1410:
The Hawaiian Steel Guitar and Its Great Hawaiian Musicians
475:
Slide guitar played with slide on musician's little finger
403:
was held in San Francisco to celebrate the opening of the
727:), sometimes called a "Texas tuning". Using tunings with
1435:"Hawaiian Music to be Feature of Big Chautauqua Program"
2767:
1520:"How the Hawaiian Steel Guitar Changed American Music"
1441:. No. 456. Colville, WA. July 22, 1916. p. 6
27:
Type of guitar or the method of playing the instrument
623:
whose Dobro skills became widely known and emulated.
357:
327:
1811:
All Music Guide to the Blues (Encyclopedia Articles)
1550:"'Hawaii Calls' radio program broadcasts from Kauai"
1402:
1400:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
643:
on a Western swing tune in 1935. Dunn recorded with
342:
2246:
2244:
425:, studied at the Hawaiian Conservatory of Music in
339:
330:
249:artists adapted the Hawaiian style of playing in a
119:
111:
103:
88:
68:
56:
49:
1491:"Bird of Paradise Brought Hawaiian Music Fad East"
1121:"Ray Kane, Master of Slack-Key Guitar, Dies at 82"
2308:
2306:
845:. Performing in this manner, the Indian musician
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2485:Hansen, Liane; Wharton, Ned (August 5, 2001).
2431:
2429:
2342:
2340:
2187:
2185:
2125:Milton Brown and the Founding of Western Swing
2094:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture
2003:Country music : a biographical dictionary
1995:
1993:
1991:
1878:The Guitar Story: From Ancient to Modern Times
1728:
1726:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1339:Gibson electric steel guitars : 1935â1967
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
659:", a sub-genre of country music combined with
2541:
2539:
2286:"Pedal Steel Guitar, Back and To the Future!"
2170:. Adelaide, Australia: University of Adelaide
1848:The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray
1234:"Jeff Peterson Demonstrates Slack Key Guitar"
8:
2662:
2660:
2217:
2215:
1762:
1760:
1177:"Tuning for Slide Guitar: Standard or Open?"
241:" and is commonly associated with blues and
32:
2279:
2277:
1297:
1295:
1293:
943:between the lap steel and the pedal steel.
908:, immediately embraced the new instrument.
586:In 1927, the Dopyera brothers patented the
2734:"Basic Theory of the Standard E9th Tuning"
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1499:. No. 4188. April 14, 1918. p. 1
1114:
1112:
719:Rickenbacker Console 758 triple neck steel
527:". Blues musicians played a conventional
1413:. Centerstream Publications. p. 31.
1149:"Standard Tuning: How EADGBE Came to Be"
2574:Bhatt, Vishwa Mohan (August 28, 2011).
1048:
1024:
401:PanamaâPacific International Exposition
2590:from the original on November 13, 2021
2548:"The Secret World of Hindustani Slide"
1604:"Steel Guitar Great Buddy Emmons Dies"
1268:"History of the Hawaiian Steel Guitar"
1248:from the original on November 13, 2021
31:
2713:. Peghead Nation, Fairfax, California
2313:Winston, Winnie; Keith, Bill (1975).
1739:(5. Dr. ed.). Fayetteville, AR:
1374:Wright, Michael (November 28, 2018).
1306:. Anaheim, California: Centerstream.
814:In the 1980s, a minister's son named
7:
2006:. New York: Routledge. p. 109.
1548:Soboleski, Hank (October 13, 2013).
739:Modern country music and pedal steel
2462:Spevak, Jeff (September 14, 2014).
2377:"Early History of the Steel Guitar"
2347:Ross, Michael (November 17, 2011).
2159:Cundell, R. Guy S. (July 1, 2019).
1770:Slide Guitar for the Rock Guitarist
1647:"Early History of the Steel Guitar"
1602:Betts, Stephen L. (July 30, 2015).
1088:Ross, Michael (February 17, 2015).
1056:Poli`ahu, Leilani (June 13, 2019).
399:In 1915, a world's fair called the
2636:Bourke, Chris (November 2, 2017).
2436:McArdle, Terence (June 16, 2020).
25:
2768:Hawaiian Steel Guitar Association
2222:Meeker, Ward (November 1, 2014).
1272:Hawaiian Steel Guitar Association
849:adapted the steel guitar to play
785:denomination, based primarily in
631:In 1934, a steel guitarist named
2515:Strauss, Neil (April 30, 2001).
1518:Shah, Haleema (April 25, 2019).
669:Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys
323:
64:, console steel, kÄ«kÄkila, Dobro
38:
2670:Mel Bay's Complete Dobro Player
2349:"Forgotten Heroes: Paul Bigsby"
2192:Kienzle, Rich (March 1, 2006).
1207:Troutman, John William (2016).
1119:Fox, Margalit (March 5, 2008).
90:HornbostelâSachs classification
2464:"20 Shows to put on your list"
2253:"How Pedal Steel Guitar Works"
2090:"Dunn, Robert Lee (1908â1971)"
895:", was officially called the "
1:
2799:Guitar performance techniques
635:invented the electric guitar
2809:American musical instruments
2804:Continuous pitch instruments
2546:Ellis, Andy (June 8, 2012).
2410:University of Illinois Press
1741:University of Arkansas Press
1581:. Centerstream. p. 46.
228:. The instrument influenced
107:Popularized by Joseph Kekuku
60:Hawaiian guitar, lap steel,
2098:Oklahoma Historical Society
2068:A&E Television Networks
1970:"Jimmie Rogers Discography"
1881:. BookBaby. p. ebook.
675:, so leading players added
2825:
2284:Anderson, Maurice (2000).
1469:Polynesian Cultural Center
1384:Acoustic Guitar (magazine)
1058:"Hawaiian Word of the Day"
979:
950:
935:
883:
647:and his Musical Brownies.
543:
464:
2623:10.1017/s0165115317000365
2487:"Heavenly 'Sacred Steel'"
2402:Stone, Robert L. (2010).
2200:. Vintage Guitar Magazine
1736:Encyclopedia of the Blues
1733:Herzhaft, GĂ©rard (1996).
1336:Duchossoir, A.R. (2009).
763:country and western music
278:". The term for this is "
126:
37:
2667:Phillips, Stacy (1996).
2000:Carlin, Richard (2003).
1875:Fetherhoff, Bob (2014).
2553:Premier Guitar Magazine
2354:Premier Guitar Magazine
2228:Vintage Guitar Magazine
2194:"Bob's Playboy Pickers"
2129:Univ. of Illinois Press
1911:Bottleneck Blues Guitar
1575:Ruymar, Lorene (1996).
1528:Smithsonian Institution
1407:Ruymar, Lorene (1996).
1095:Premier Guitar Magazine
142:
2576:""Raag Kirwani"(song)"
2381:steelguitaramerica.com
2035:"Brad's Page of Steel"
1976:. Jimmie Rogers Museum
1846:Russell, Tony (1997).
1767:Sokolow, Fred (2011).
1653:. Steel Guitar Academy
1651:steelguitaracademy.com
1238:jeffpetersonguitar.com
991:
965:
720:
592:Bashful Brother Oswald
558:
476:
448:
373:
149:played while moving a
2738:The Pedal Steel Pages
2673:. Pacific, Missouri:
2290:The Pedal Steel Pages
2261:Making Music Magazine
2123:Ginell, Cary (1994).
1938:Tipaldi, Art (2002).
1773:. Pacific, Missouri:
1678:Weissenborn â History
1496:The Washington Herald
1439:The Colville Examiner
1187:John Wiley & Sons
1062:Hawaiian Public Radio
989:
960:
932:Console steel guitars
718:
553:
474:
456:Use in musical genres
446:
429:, at age 11 in 1948.
393:The Washington Herald
371:
2104:on September 5, 2008
1909:Mann, Woody (1979).
1816:Miller Freeman, Inc.
1743:. pp. 334â335.
1674:"Herman Weissenborn"
938:Console steel guitar
380:musical show called
315:"King" Bennie Nawahi
2732:Lee, Bobby (1996).
2442:The Washington Post
2088:Foley, Hugh W. Jr.
1705:Volk, Andy (2003).
1556:. The Garden Island
1554:thegardenisland.com
1302:Volk, Andy (2003).
947:Pedal steel guitars
427:South Bend, Indiana
34:
2762:Steel Guitar Forum
2522:The New York Times
2375:Brenner, Patrick.
2316:Pedal steel guitar
2257:makingmusicmag.com
1524:smithsonianmag.com
1380:acousticguitar.com
1126:The New York Times
992:
966:
962:Pedal steel guitar
953:Pedal steel guitar
847:Brij Bhushan Kabra
821:The New York Times
750:pedal steel guitar
721:
601:for 30 years with
567:Darby and Tarleton
559:
546:Pedal steel guitar
477:
449:
374:
207:pedal steel guitar
2711:pegheadnation.com
2707:"Beginning Dobro"
2383:. Patrick Brenner
2330:978-0-8256-0169-9
2251:Borisoff, Jason.
2198:vintageguitar.com
1917:. p. ebook.
1888:978-1-4835-1683-7
1814:. San Francisco:
1806:Erlewine, Michael
1784:978-1-61065-563-7
1750:978-1-55728-252-1
1588:978-1-57424-021-4
1353:978-1-4234-5702-2
1344:Hal Leonard Books
1342:. Milwaukee, WI:
1313:978-1-57424-134-1
1008:Lap steel ukulele
976:Steels and slides
880:Lap steel guitars
828:Other world music
801:Campbell Brothers
616:Flatt and Scruggs
582:Resonator guitars
493:Mississippi Delta
234:Mississippi Delta
131:
130:
75:String instrument
51:String instrument
16:(Redirected from
2816:
2794:Electric guitars
2789:Acoustic guitars
2749:
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2419:978-0252-03554-8
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2100:. Archived from
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2047:
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2031:
2025:
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1707:Lap Steel Guitar
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1304:Lap Steel Guitar
1299:
1288:
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1285:
1283:
1278:on July 29, 2010
1274:. Archived from
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
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1232:Peterson, Jeff.
1229:
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1033:slack-key guitar
1029:
1013:Slack-key guitar
886:Lap steel guitar
677:additional necks
633:George Beauchamp
588:resonator guitar
555:Resonator guitar
534:Lap slide guitar
525:Steel Guitar Rag
509:Sylvester Weaver
495:was the home of
434:Hawaiian guitars
387:Bird of Paradise
382:Bird of Paradise
361:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
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251:resonator guitar
192:George Beauchamp
186:, also called a
168:Hawaiian Islands
42:
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2705:Witcher, Mike.
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978:
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882:
865:
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816:Robert Randolph
809:Allman Brothers
797:Darick Campbell
775:
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629:
627:Electrification
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469:
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271:Spanish guitars
263:
232:artists in the
196:electric guitar
184:Hawaiian guitar
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2756:External links
2754:
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2677:. p. 16.
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2127:. Urbana, IL:
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1924:978-1783235261
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1854:. p. 12.
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859:Slide Guitar.
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706:Lefty Frizzell
693:
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682:Herb Remington
665:Leon McAuliffe
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599:Grand Ole Opry
583:
580:
575:Jimmie Rodgers
544:Main article:
541:
538:
529:Spanish guitar
521:Leon McAuliffe
505:Charlie Patton
497:Robert Johnson
465:Main article:
462:
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203:console steels
154:Known for its
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1849:
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1825:0-87930-424-3
1821:
1818:p. 372.
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