1040:, with females laying large egg capsules measuring 17 cm (6.7 in) long, 8 cm (3.1 in) wide, and 5 cm (2.0 in) thick. The egg case is dark brown to purple in color, and has hair-like fibers along the sides that secure it to the substrate. The adhesive fibers emerge first from the female's vent; the female circles vertical structures such as reef outcroppings to entangle the fibers, so as to anchor the eggs. Females have been documented laying up to 46 eggs over a 112-day period. Eggs are deposited in batches of around four. Reproductive seasonality in the wild is unknown.
740:
1007:, aggregations of several hundred zebra sharks form every summer in shallow water. These aggregations consist entirely of large adults, with females outnumbering males by almost three to one. The purpose of these aggregations is yet unclear; no definite mating behavior has been observed between the sharks. There is an observation of an adult male zebra shark biting the pectoral fin of another adult male and pushing him against the sea floor; the second male was turned on his back, and remained motionless for several minutes. This behavior resembles
451:
49:
253:
1044:
753:
729:
838:
809:, informally called the sandy zebra shark, is overall sandy–brown in color with inconspicuous dark brown freckles on its upperside, lacking the distinct dark-spotted and banded pattern typical of the species. The appearance of juveniles of this morph is unknown, but subadults that are transitioning into adult sandy zebra sharks have a brown-netted pattern. Faint remnants of this pattern can often be seen in adult sandy zebra sharks. This morph, which is
93:
1094:, and elsewhere. Many zebra sharks at diving sites have become accustomed to the presence of humans, taking food from divers' hands and allowing themselves to be touched. The zebra shark adapts well to captivity and is displayed by a number of public aquaria around the world. The small, attractively colored young also find their way into the hands of private hobbyists, though this species grows far too large for the home aquarium.
467:
68:
1125:. Zebra sharks are highly susceptible to localized depletion due to their shallow habitat and low levels of dispersal between populations, and market surveys suggest that they are much less common now than in the past. They are also threatened by the degradation of their coral reef habitat by human development, and by destructive fishing practices such as dynamiting or poisoning. As a result, the
1020:
824:
zebra shark was discovered in the Indian Ocean. It was overall white and completely lacked spots, but its eyes were blackish-brown as typical of the species and unlike full albinos. The shark, a 1.9 m (6.2 ft) long mature female, was unusual in that albino animals rarely survive long in the
796:
are much smaller but larger than the second dorsal fin. The caudal fin is almost as long as the rest of the body, with a barely developed lower lobe and a strong ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The zebra shark attains a length of 2.5 m (8.2 ft), with an unsubstantiated record
387:
comprising nearly half the total length, and usually a pattern of dark spots on a pale background. Young zebra sharks under 50–90 cm (20–35 in) long have a completely different pattern, consisting of light vertical stripes on a brown background, and lack the ridges. This species attains a
1051:
In captivity, the eggs hatch after four to six months, depending on temperature. The hatchlings measure 20–36 cm (7.9–14.2 in) long and have proportionately longer tails than adults. The habitat preferences of juveniles are unclear; one report places them at depths greater than 50 m
804:
The color pattern in young sharks is dark brown above and light yellow below, with vertical yellow stripes and spots. As the shark grows to 50–90 cm (20–35 in) long, the dark areas begin to break up, changing the general pattern from light-on-dark stripes to dark-on-light spots. There is
1027:
The courtship behavior of the zebra shark consists of the male following the female and biting vigorously at her pectoral fins and tail, with periods in which he holds onto her pectoral fin and both sharks lie still on the bottom. On occasion this leads to mating, in which the male curls his body
780:
and a groove running from it to the mouth. The mouth is nearly straight, with three lobes on the lower lip and furrows at the corners. There are 28–33 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 22–32 tooth rows in the lower jaw; each tooth has a large central cusp flanked by two smaller ones.
690:
are disputed by various authors. Dingerkus (1986) suggested that the whale shark is the closest relative of the zebra shark, and proposed a single family encompassing all five species in the clade. Compagno (1988) suggested affinity between this species and either
1073:
Docile and slow-moving, zebra sharks are not dangerous to humans and can be easily approached underwater. However, they have bitten divers who pull on their tails or attempt to ride them. As of 2008 there is one record of an unprovoked attack in the
943:
During the day, zebra sharks are sluggish and usually found resting on the sea bottom, sometimes using their pectoral fins to prop up the front part of their bodies and facing into the current with their mouths open to facilitate
1052:(160 ft), while another report from India suggests they inhabit shallower water than adults. The stripes of the juveniles may have an anti-predator function, making each individual in a group harder to target. Males attain
1056:
at 1.5–1.8 m (4.9–5.9 ft) long, and females at 1.7 m (5.6 ft) long. Their lifespan has been estimated to be 25–30 years in the wild. There have been two reports of female zebra sharks producing young
935:. Movements of up to 140 km (87 mi) have been recorded for individual sharks. However, genetic data indicates that there is little exchange between populations of zebra sharks, even if their ranges are contiguous.
1011:
behaviors between male and female sharks, and in both cases the biting and holding of the pectoral fin has been speculated to relate to one shark asserting dominance over the other.
560:
are currently in usage for this species; until the early 1990s most authorities used the latter name, but since then most have followed
Compagno and used the former name. A
1506:
Dudgeon, C.L.; Broderick, D. & Ovenden, J.R. (2009). "IUCN classification zones concord with, but underestimate, the population genetic structure of the zebra shark
952:
water. They become more active at night or when food becomes available. Zebra sharks are strong and agile swimmers, propelling themselves with pronounced anguilliform (
784:
There are five distinctive ridges running along the body in adults, one along the dorsal midline and two on the sides. The dorsal midline ridge merges into the first
2928:
2796:
383:
and sandy flats to a depth of 62 m (203 ft). Adult zebra sharks are distinctive in appearance, with five longitudinal ridges on a cylindrical body, a low
760:
The zebra shark has a cylindrical body with a large, slightly flattened head and a short, blunt snout. The eyes are small and placed on the sides of the head; the
3012:
2822:
592:), while the latter and younger is its junior synonym. As the name proposed by Forster in 1781 has been used in tens of publications since 1899, it is not a
975:. The slender, flexible body of this shark allows it to wriggle into narrow holes and crevices in search of food, while its small mouth and thickly muscled
1412:
Dingerkus, G. (1986). "Interrelationships of orectolobiform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Selachii)". In Uyeno, T.; Arai, R.; Taniuchi, T.; Matsuura, K. (eds.).
979:
allow it to create a powerful suction force with which to extract prey. This species may be preyed upon by larger fishes (notably other larger sharks) and
1877:
1296:"The Sandy Zebra Shark: A New Color Morph of the Zebra Shark Stegostoma tigrinum, with a Redescription of the Species and a Revision of Its Nomenclature"
568:
is its valid name. This name was omitted in
Compagno's review in 1984, possibly due to confusion over its year of description (in a publication in 1941,
2982:
419:, which they anchor to underwater structures via adhesive tendrils. Innocuous to humans and hardy in captivity, zebra sharks are popular subjects of
2770:
1577:
The
Conservation Status of Australasian Chondrichthyans: Report of the IUCN Shark Specialist Group Australia and Oceania Regional Red List Workshop
2941:
2809:
632:). Due to their different color patterns and body proportions, both juveniles and subadults have historically been described as separate species (
3002:
1385:
Goto, T. (2001). "Comparative
Anatomy, Phylogeny and Cladistic Classification of the Order Orectolobiformes (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)".
1645:
1436:
1366:
1273:
3027:
3017:
2997:
455:
1846:
956:-like) undulations of the body and tail. In a steady current, they have been seen hovering in place with sinuous waves of their tails.
411:
inside holes and crevices in the reef. Though solitary for most of the year, they form large seasonal aggregations. The zebra shark is
3022:
1785:
678:
529:
2954:
2874:
72:
470:
Early taxonomists thought that juvenile zebra sharks were a different species because of their different appearance from adults.
3007:
2200:
1075:
788:, placed about halfway along the body and twice the size of the second dorsal fin. The pectoral fins are large and broad; the
2723:
1870:
2946:
2814:
2992:
1078:, though no injuries resulted. They are popular attractions for ecotourist divers in the Red Sea, off the Maldives, off
495:
202:
615:"zebra shark". The name "leopard shark" is sometimes applied to the spotted adult, but that name usually refers to the
2731:
2705:
739:
1294:
Dahl, R.B.; E.E. Sigsgaard; G. Mwangi; P.F. Thomsen; R.D. Jørgensen; F.d.O. Torquato; L. Olsen; P.R. Møller (2019).
1003:
Zebra sharks are usually solitary, though aggregations of 20–50 individuals have been recorded. Off southeast
919:
to a depth of 62 m (203 ft) over the continental and insular shelves. Adults and large juveniles frequent
611:
means "banded", referring to the striped pattern of the juvenile. The juvenile coloration is also the origin of the
92:
2827:
2477:
450:
544:
is one that can be construed as a binomial name). In
Compagno's view, the first proper usage of "varius/m" was by
536:
rejected the name "varius/m" in favor of "fasciatus/m" for the zebra shark, because Seba did not consistently use
2167:
2149:
1863:
745:
Adult zebra sharks have longitudinal ridges on the body, a spotted pattern, and small eyes with larger spiracles.
3032:
2987:
2683:
2468:
2176:
2131:
945:
428:
805:
substantial variation in pattern amongst adults, which can be used to identify particular individuals. A rare
491:
198:
48:
2385:
2322:
1829:
1336:
577:
503:
242:
1840:
1674:
1109:. The meat is sold fresh or dried and salted for human consumption. Furthermore, the liver oil is used for
817:
in Kenya, although seemingly similar individuals have been reported from Japan and northwestern
Australia.
2645:
2216:
2072:
2063:
1008:
806:
761:
666:
179:
2861:
2736:
2519:
2340:
2233:
537:
225:
1575:(Hermann, 1783)". In Cavanagh, R.D.; Kyne, P.M.; Fowler, S.L.; Musick, J.A. & Bennet, M.B. (eds.).
1698:
252:
2959:
2879:
2757:
2692:
2546:
2510:
2358:
2257:
2158:
2122:
1983:
1974:
1735:
1478:
1266:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date (Volume 2)
1058:
649:
620:
525:
31:
1414:
Indo-Pacific fish biology: Proceedings of the Second
International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes
1189:
1043:
2298:
2225:
2113:
1558:
752:
672:
57:
2537:
2486:
2403:
2349:
2248:
2209:
2001:
1722:
Dudgeon, Christine L.; Coulton, Laura; Bone, Ren; Ovenden, Jennifer R.; Thomas, Severine (2017).
1535:
1394:
1091:
661:
561:
549:
510:
436:
432:
265:
87:
2866:
837:
728:
416:
395:
and spend most of the day resting motionless on the sea floor. At night, they actively hunt for
2933:
2801:
1834:
2915:
2848:
2744:
2528:
2427:
2418:
2394:
2367:
2140:
2048:
2039:
1763:
1641:
1527:
1432:
1362:
1358:
1269:
1053:
798:
569:
1636:, in a Captive Environment". In Smith, M.; Warmolts, D.; Thoney, D. & Hueter, R. (eds.).
2853:
2710:
2376:
1887:
1753:
1743:
1607:
1519:
1486:
1350:
1307:
1184:
1106:
949:
777:
533:
1220:
1019:
2835:
2239:
1660:
1062:
916:
466:
444:
1811:
1047:
A juvenile zebra shark with a color pattern intermediate between that of young and adults
948:. Reef channels are favored resting spots, since the tightened space yields faster, more
2697:
1847:
Population
Viability Analysis (PVA) Report for Population Augmentation of Zebra Sharks (
1739:
1482:
2459:
2445:
2331:
2289:
2090:
1940:
1924:
1918:
1758:
1723:
1114:
980:
874:
585:
424:
144:
134:
1820:
1339:. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Retrieved on May 12, 2009.
1166:
1130:
2976:
2104:
1781:
1523:
1351:
1175:
1141:
1126:
1083:
976:
898:
772:
bases, and the fourth and fifth slits are much closer together than the others. Each
593:
545:
483:
479:
77:
1398:
17:
2920:
2906:
2749:
2501:
2191:
1638:
The
Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual: Captive Care of Sharks, Rays and their Relatives
1539:
1098:
928:
912:
858:
850:
846:
769:
376:
368:
164:
923:, rubble, and sandy areas. There are unsubstantiated reports of this species from
1097:
The zebra shark is taken by commercial fisheries across most of its range, using
2783:
2677:
2583:
2574:
2564:
2313:
2024:
2015:
1959:
1950:
1632:
Kunize, K. & Simmons, L. (2004). "Notes on Reproduction of the Zebra Shark,
1612:
1591:
924:
882:
653:
625:
612:
707:. Goto (2001) placed the zebra shark as the sister group to a clade containing
2275:
1912:
1855:
1004:
964:
920:
862:
789:
785:
764:
are located behind them and are as large or larger. The last 3 of the 5 short
420:
400:
384:
380:
2668:
1592:"Putative Male – Male Agonistic Behaviour in Free-Living Zebra Sharks,
1037:
972:
968:
906:
878:
765:
616:
440:
412:
408:
404:
392:
104:
1767:
1531:
2900:
2840:
2662:
1906:
1794:
1122:
1079:
988:
984:
932:
866:
821:
810:
793:
124:
1387:
Memoirs of the Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University
1132:. Off Australia, the only threat to this species is a very low level of
2775:
1830:"Biological Profiles: Zebra Shark" at Florida Museum of Natural History
1640:. Special Publication of the Ohio Biological Survey. pp. 493–497.
1133:
1110:
1102:
1087:
1029:
960:
854:
826:
814:
773:
396:
1748:
1491:
1462:
1312:
1295:
813:
inseparable from the normal morph, is only known from the vicinity of
482:
in 1758 (Seba died years earlier; the publication was posthumous). No
2788:
2718:
1900:
1724:"Switch from sexual to parthenogenetic reproduction in a zebra shark"
1033:
890:
114:
2639:
1463:"Abundance and demography of a seasonal aggregation of zebra sharks
486:
was designated, though Seba included a comprehensive description in
1930:
1137:
1118:
1042:
1018:
902:
894:
886:
870:
836:
751:
683:
487:
465:
449:
154:
1835:"Coral Reefs: Zebra Shark" at ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
1561:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on May 12, 2009.
1223:. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on May 12, 2009.
687:
2762:
2643:
1859:
1675:"Zebra shark surprises scientists by giving birth without male"
1036:. Copulation lasts for two to five minutes. The zebra shark is
1571:
Pillans, R.D. & Simpfendorfer, C.A. (2003). "Zebra shark,
953:
1268:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. pp. 184–188.
1416:. Tokyo: Ichthyological Society of Japan. pp. 227–245.
588:. Consequently, the former and older is the valid name (as
1663:(January 5, 2012). BBC News. Retrieved on January 5, 2012.
1165:
Dudgeon, C.L.; Simpfendorfer, C.; Pillans, R.D. (2019) .
841:
Zebra sharks are often seen resting on sand near coral.
797:
of 3.5 m (11 ft). Males and females are not
1699:"Virgin Birth: Zebra Shark Has Babies Without Mating"
1627:
1625:
1623:
1590:
Brunnschweiler, J.M. & Pratt, H.L. (Jr.) (2008).
1461:
Dudgeon, C.L.; Noad, M.J. & Lanyon, J.M. (2008).
845:
The zebra shark occurs in the tropical waters of the
447:. There is evidence that its numbers are dwindling.
2890:
2652:
2609:
2600:
2572:
2563:
2499:
2457:
2444:
2416:
2311:
2287:
2274:
2189:
2102:
2089:
2061:
2037:
2013:
2000:
1972:
1948:
1939:
1353:
A Guide to the Common Sea Fishes of Southern Africa
652:support for the placement of the zebra shark, the
572:mistakenly listed it as being described in 1795).
1661:"Zebra shark at centre of 'virgin birth' mystery"
927:in the Philippines. Zebra sharks sometimes cross
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
686:. However, the interrelationships between these
1221:Albino Zebras and Leopards Changing Their Spots
1190:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41878A161303882.en
1825:(Leopard Shark, Zebra Shark)" at IUCN Red List
1871:
1140:trawls, and there it has been assessed as of
915:in nature, the zebra shark is found from the
8:
1349:Van der Elst, R. & Borchert, P. (1993).
490:and an accurate illustration of a juvenile.
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1129:has this species categorized as Endangered
987:of the zebra shark include four species of
959:The zebra shark feeds primarily on shelled
2640:
2606:
2569:
2454:
2284:
2099:
2010:
1945:
1878:
1864:
1856:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1431:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 20.
1289:
1287:
1285:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
251:
66:
47:
38:
1757:
1747:
1611:
1490:
1427:Randall, J.E. & Hoover, J.P. (1995).
1311:
1188:
1065:in females regardless of sexual history.
1028:around the female and inserts one of his
599:The genus name is derived from the Greek
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1152:
474:The zebra shark was first described as
1380:
1378:
1160:
1158:
1156:
607:meaning "mouth". The specific epithet
415:: females produce several dozen large
375:. It is found throughout the tropical
3013:Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster
624:, and is also sometimes used for the
439:across most of its range (except off
7:
1023:Several egg cases of the zebra shark
540:in his species descriptions (though
388:length of 2.5 m (8.2 ft).
1579:. Queensland: IUCN. pp. 60–61.
1357:(third ed.). Struik. pp.
1176:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1061:. An additional study has observed
564:review in 2019 instead argued that
524:is masculine) from an 1801 work by
1673:Cummins, Anna (January 17, 2017).
371:and the sole member of the family
25:
2201:Indonesian speckled carpetshark (
1219:Martin, R.A. (January 31, 1999).
679:Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum
498:placed this species in the genus
2983:IUCN Red List endangered species
1524:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04025.x
1337:Biological Profiles: Zebra Shark
738:
727:
456:Children's Aquarium at Fair Park
91:
1076:International Shark Attack File
1471:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1:
3003:Marine fish of Southeast Asia
1600:The Open Fish Science Journal
435:worldwide, as it is taken by
431:has assessed this species as
2478:Taiwan saddled carpetshark (
905:, and southward to northern
312:Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1852
3028:Endangered fauna of Oceania
2168:Whitespotted bamboo shark (
1613:10.2174/1874401X00801010023
1510:in the Indo-West Pacific".
3049:
3018:Endangered fauna of Africa
2998:Marine fish of East Africa
2469:Barbelthroat carpetshark (
2177:Brownbanded bamboo shark (
2132:Bluespotted bamboo shark (
1851:) in Raja Ampat, Indonesia
1816:, Zebra shark" at FishBase
825:wild due to their lack of
580:in 1781, two years before
454:Female zebra shark at the
337:Stegostoma tigrinum naucum
29:
2386:Dwarf spotted wobbegong (
2323:Floral banded wobbegong (
1895:
1264:Compagno, L.J.V. (2002).
271:
264:
260:Range of the zebra shark
259:
250:
231:
224:
88:Scientific classification
86:
64:
55:
46:
41:
3023:Endangered fauna of Asia
2450:(Collared carpet sharks)
2217:Papuan epaulette shark (
2150:Hasselt's bamboo shark (
2095:(Longtail carpet sharks)
2073:Short-tail nurse shark (
1784:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1559:Coral Reefs: Zebra Shark
833:Distribution and habitat
429:World Conservation Union
274:Scyllia quinquecornuatum
30:Not to be confused with
27:Species of carpet sharks
2520:Elongate carpet shark (
963:, though it also takes
756:Close-up of zebra shark
603:meaning "covered", and
3008:Fish described in 1783
2547:Necklace carpetshark (
2511:Collared carpetshark (
2359:Indonesian wobbegong (
2258:Speckled carpetshark (
2159:Slender bamboo shark (
2123:Burmese bamboo shark (
1984:Bluegrey carpetshark (
1429:Coastal Fishes of Oman
1183:: e.T41878A161303882.
1048:
1024:
842:
768:are situated over the
757:
695:or a clade containing
667:Ginglymostoma cirratum
471:
458:
443:) for meat, fins, and
2862:Paleobiology Database
2299:Tasselled wobbegong (
2114:Arabian carpetshark (
1046:
1022:
840:
820:In 1964, a partially
755:
548:in 1913, making it a
538:binomial nomenclature
469:
453:
2724:stegostoma-fasciatum
2711:Stegostoma_fasciatum
2684:Stegostoma fasciatum
2654:Stegostoma fasciatum
2538:Ginger carpetshark (
2487:Saddle carpetshark (
2404:Northern wobbegong (
2350:Japanese wobbegong (
2249:Hooded carpetshark (
1841:Stegostoma fasciatum
1823:Stegostoma fasciatum
1814:Stegostoma fasciatum
1788:Stegostoma fasciatum
1634:Stegostoma fasciatum
1594:Stegostoma fasciatum
1573:Stegostoma fasciatum
1508:Stegostoma fasciatum
1465:Stegostoma fasciatum
1169:Stegostoma fasciatum
621:Triakis semifasciata
437:commercial fisheries
330:Stegostoma carinatum
32:Zebra bullhead shark
18:Stegostoma fasciatum
2993:Fish of the Red Sea
2529:Rusty carpetshark (
2428:Cobbler wobbegong (
2395:Network wobbegong (
2368:Spotted wobbegong (
2341:Western wobbegong (
2141:Grey bamboo shark (
2134:C. caerulopunctatum
2064:Pseudoginglymostoma
2049:Tawny nurse shark (
1849:Stegostoma tigrinum
1798:. May 2009 version.
1740:2017NatSR...740537D
1483:2008MEPS..368..269D
939:Biology and ecology
693:Pseudoginglymostoma
673:Nebrius ferrugineus
590:Stegostoma tigrinum
502:in 1837, using the
364:Stegostoma tigrinum
309:Squalus pantherinus
302:Squalus longicaudus
281:Scyllium heptagonum
235:Stegostoma tigrinum
58:Conservation status
2540:P. sparsimaculatum
2377:Ornate wobbegong (
2002:Ginglymostomatidae
1728:Scientific Reports
1092:Great Barrier Reef
1069:Human interactions
1049:
1025:
931:to reach isolated
843:
758:
472:
459:
367:) is a species of
2970:
2969:
2892:Squalus fasciatus
2849:Open Tree of Life
2646:Taxon identifiers
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2596:
2595:
2559:
2558:
2440:
2439:
2388:O. parvimaculatus
2270:
2269:
2240:Epaulette shark (
2085:
2084:
1996:
1995:
1749:10.1038/srep40537
1647:978-0-86727-152-2
1512:Molecular Ecology
1492:10.3354/meps07581
1438:978-0-8248-1808-1
1368:978-1-86825-394-4
1313:10.1643/CG-18-115
1275:978-92-5-104543-5
799:dimorphic in size
630:Galeocerdo cuvier
584:was described by
582:Squalus fasciatus
576:was described by
391:Zebra sharks are
355:
354:
348:
344:Stegostoma varium
341:
334:
327:
320:
313:
306:
299:
295:Squalus fasciatus
292:
285:
278:
277:van Hasselt, 1823
206:
183:
81:
16:(Redirected from
3040:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2924:
2923:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2883:
2882:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2843:
2831:
2830:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2739:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2701:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2641:
2607:
2570:
2455:
2451:
2361:O. leptolineatus
2332:Gulf wobbegong (
2285:
2281:
2100:
2096:
2075:P. brevicaudatum
2011:
2007:
1946:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1800:
1799:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1629:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1544:
1543:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1458:
1443:
1442:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1333:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1291:
1280:
1279:
1261:
1224:
1217:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1162:
1090:islands, on the
889:), northward to
742:
731:
648:There is robust
638:S. longicaudatus
634:Squalus tigrinus
574:Squalus tigrinus
520:is neuter while
504:specific epithet
350:Stegostomatidae
346:
339:
332:
325:
318:
316:Squalus tigrinus
311:
304:
297:
290:
288:Squalus cirrosus
283:
276:
255:
237:
217:S. tigrinum
197:
178:
165:Orectolobiformes
96:
95:
75:
70:
69:
51:
39:
21:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3033:Endangered fish
2988:Stegostomatidae
2973:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2886:
2878:
2873:
2865:
2860:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2836:Observation.org
2834:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2698:Stegostomatidae
2696:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2648:
2638:
2629:
2602:Stegostomatidae
2592:
2555:
2495:
2449:
2448:
2436:
2430:S. tentaculatus
2412:
2307:
2279:
2278:
2266:
2260:H. trispeculare
2185:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2057:
2033:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1968:
1935:
1891:
1884:
1808:
1803:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1631:
1630:
1621:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1460:
1459:
1446:
1439:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1321:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1227:
1218:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1113:, the fins for
1071:
1063:parthenogenesis
1054:sexual maturity
1017:
1001:
971:, and possibly
941:
917:intertidal zone
913:Bottom-dwelling
835:
750:
749:
748:
747:
746:
743:
734:
733:
732:
721:
658:Rhincodon typus
646:
640:respectively).
464:
407:, and possibly
373:Stegostomatidae
349:
342:
335:
328:
321:
314:
307:
300:
293:
286:
279:
246:
239:
233:
220:
196:
177:
175:Stegostomatidae
90:
82:
71:
67:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3046:
3044:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2951:
2938:
2925:
2912:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2871:
2858:
2845:
2832:
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2728:
2715:
2702:
2689:
2674:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2567:
2565:Rhincodontidae
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2531:P. ferrugineum
2526:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2460:Cirrhoscyllium
2452:
2446:Parascylliidae
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2401:
2397:O. reticulatus
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2290:Eucrossorhinus
2282:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2214:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2097:
2091:Hemiscylliidae
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:N. ferrugineus
2045:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2008:
2006:(Nurse sharks)
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1975:Heteroscyllium
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1943:
1941:Brachaeluridae
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1925:Elasmobranchii
1921:
1919:Chondrichthyes
1915:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1844:
1843:in iNaturalist
1837:
1832:
1827:
1818:
1807:
1806:External links
1804:
1802:
1801:
1782:Froese, Rainer
1773:
1714:
1690:
1665:
1653:
1646:
1619:
1582:
1563:
1545:
1518:(2): 248–261.
1498:
1444:
1437:
1419:
1404:
1374:
1367:
1341:
1319:
1306:(3): 524–541.
1281:
1274:
1225:
1203:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1115:shark fin soup
1070:
1067:
1016:
1013:
1009:pre-copulatory
1000:
997:
981:marine mammals
940:
937:
929:oceanic waters
897:, eastward to
875:Southeast Asia
834:
831:
744:
737:
736:
735:
726:
725:
724:
723:
722:
720:
717:
682:) in a single
645:
642:
550:junior synonym
542:Squalus varius
476:Squalus varius
463:
460:
425:public aquaria
379:, frequenting
353:
352:
323:Squalus varius
269:
268:
262:
261:
257:
256:
248:
247:
240:
229:
228:
222:
221:
214:
212:
208:
207:
189:
185:
184:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
145:Elasmobranchii
142:
138:
137:
135:Chondrichthyes
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
83:
65:
62:
61:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3045:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2626:
2624:
2621:Zebra shark (
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2584:Whale shark (
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2549:P. variolatum
2545:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2480:C. formosanum
2476:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2276:Orectolobidae
2273:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2219:H. hallstromi
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2203:H. freycineti
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2105:Chiloscyllium
2101:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2025:Nurse shark (
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2016:Ginglymostoma
2012:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1986:H. colcloughi
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1960:Blind shark (
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:Martin, R.A.
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1142:Least Concern
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:IUCN Red List
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:bottom trawls
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
998:
996:
994:
991:in the genus
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:buccal cavity
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
908:
904:
900:
899:New Caledonia
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
849:region, from
848:
839:
832:
830:
828:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
802:
800:
795:
791:
787:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
754:
741:
730:
718:
716:
714:
713:Ginglymostoma
710:
706:
702:
701:Ginglymostoma
698:
694:
689:
685:
681:
680:
675:
674:
669:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:morphological
643:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
594:nomen oblitum
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:type specimen
481:
477:
468:
461:
457:
452:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:
360:
351:
345:
340:Whitley, 1939
338:
331:
324:
319:Forster, 1781
317:
310:
303:
298:Hermann, 1783
296:
289:
284:Rüppell, 1837
282:
275:
270:
267:
263:
258:
254:
249:
244:
238:
236:
230:
227:
226:Binomial name
223:
219:
218:
213:
210:
209:
204:
200:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
181:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:Selachimorpha
153:
151:Subdivision:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
85:
79:
74:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2891:
2653:
2623:S. fasciatum
2622:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2585:
2573:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2522:P. elongatum
2521:
2512:
2502:Parascyllium
2500:
2489:C. japonicum
2488:
2479:
2471:C. expolitum
2470:
2458:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2370:O. maculatus
2369:
2360:
2352:O. japonicus
2351:
2343:O. hutchinsi
2342:
2333:
2324:
2312:
2301:E. dasypogon
2300:
2288:
2280:(Wobbegongs)
2259:
2250:
2242:H. ocellatum
2241:
2232:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2192:Hemiscyllium
2190:
2179:C. punctatum
2178:
2170:C. plagiosum
2169:
2160:
2152:C. hasseltii
2151:
2142:
2133:
2125:C. burmensis
2124:
2115:
2103:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2014:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1951:Brachaelurus
1949:
1929:Subdivision
1888:carpet shark
1848:
1822:
1813:
1793:
1787:
1776:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1706:. Retrieved
1703:Live Science
1702:
1693:
1682:. Retrieved
1678:
1668:
1656:
1637:
1633:
1606:(1): 23–27.
1603:
1599:
1593:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1428:
1422:
1413:
1407:
1393:(1): 1–101.
1390:
1386:
1352:
1344:
1303:
1299:
1265:
1194:. Retrieved
1180:
1174:
1168:
1096:
1072:
1050:
1026:
1015:Life history
1002:
993:Pedibothrium
992:
958:
942:
911:
859:Persian Gulf
851:South Africa
847:Indo-Pacific
844:
819:
803:
783:
776:has a short
770:pectoral fin
759:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
677:
671:
665:
662:nurse sharks
657:
647:
637:
633:
629:
619:
608:
604:
600:
598:
589:
581:
573:
565:
557:
554:S. fasciatum
553:
541:
521:
517:
513:
506:
499:
475:
473:
417:egg capsules
390:
377:Indo-Pacific
372:
369:carpet shark
363:
362:
358:
356:
347:Garman, 1913
343:
336:
329:
322:
315:
308:
305:Gmelin, 1789
301:
294:
291:Gronow, 1854
287:
280:
273:
272:
234:
232:
216:
215:
199:J. P. Müller
192:
191:
174:
42:Zebra shark
36:
2784:iNaturalist
2678:Wikispecies
2325:O. floridus
2314:Orectolobus
2251:H. strahani
2234:H. michaeli
2116:C. arabicum
2027:G. cirratum
1477:: 269–281.
1335:Bester, C.
1196:19 February
999:Social life
969:bony fishes
965:crustaceans
946:respiration
925:fresh water
921:coral reefs
883:Philippines
877:(including
861:(including
811:genetically
719:Description
660:), and the
654:whale shark
626:tiger shark
613:common name
566:S. tigrinum
532:. In 1984,
511:neuter form
405:bony fishes
401:crustaceans
381:coral reefs
359:zebra shark
333:Blyth, 1847
2977:Categories
2907:Q106446632
2612:Stegostoma
2513:P. collare
2419:Sutorectus
2379:O. ornatus
2161:C. indicum
2143:C. griseum
1913:Vertebrata
1911:Subphylum
1839:Photos of
1708:2017-01-18
1684:2017-01-18
1148:References
1117:, and the
1005:Queensland
973:sea snakes
950:oxygenated
863:Madagascar
786:dorsal fin
766:gill slits
617:houndshark
518:Stegostoma
500:Stegostoma
433:Endangered
423:dives and
421:ecotourism
409:sea snakes
385:caudal fin
326:Seba, 1759
193:Stegostoma
180:T. N. Gill
141:Subclass:
73:Endangered
2575:Rhincodon
2227:H. henryi
1923:Subclass
1734:: 40537.
1107:longlines
1059:asexually
1038:oviparous
1032:into her
989:tapeworms
985:parasites
933:seamounts
907:Australia
879:Indonesia
794:anal fins
762:spiracles
709:Rhincodon
697:Rhincodon
644:Phylogeny
609:fasciatum
562:taxonomic
558:S. varium
530:Schneider
514:fasciatum
507:fasciatus
445:liver oil
441:Australia
413:oviparous
393:nocturnal
211:Species:
111:Kingdom:
105:Eukaryota
2934:10162920
2901:Wikidata
2802:10167384
2663:Wikidata
2586:R. typus
2406:O. wardi
2334:O. halei
2211:H. galei
1962:B. waddi
1931:Selachii
1907:Chordata
1901:Animalia
1899:Kingdom
1795:FishBase
1768:28091617
1532:19192179
1399:80669371
1123:fishmeal
1111:vitamins
1103:gillnets
1080:Thailand
1030:claspers
983:. Known
967:, small
961:molluscs
867:Maldives
865:and the
857:and the
534:Compagno
509:(or the
462:Taxonomy
403:, small
397:molluscs
266:Synonyms
171:Family:
125:Chordata
121:Phylum:
115:Animalia
101:Domain:
78:IUCN 3.1
2776:2417450
2669:Q169468
2040:Nebrius
1905:Phylum
1890:species
1886:Extant
1759:5238396
1736:Bibcode
1540:5244123
1479:Bibcode
1134:bycatch
1088:Phi Phi
855:Red Sea
853:to the
827:crypsis
815:Malindi
774:nostril
705:Nebrius
586:Hermann
578:Forster
552:. Both
522:Squalus
245:, 1781)
243:Forster
188:Genus:
161:Order:
131:Class:
76: (
2960:299154
2947:159974
2880:220032
2867:285234
2854:122336
2828:378071
2815:159973
2763:620703
2719:ARKive
1917:Class
1766:
1756:
1644:
1538:
1530:
1435:
1397:
1365:
1300:Copeia
1272:
1105:, and
1084:Phuket
1034:cloaca
891:Taiwan
885:, and
881:, the
869:), to
822:albino
790:pelvic
778:barbel
703:, and
676:, and
570:Fowler
546:Garman
492:Müller
427:. The
205:, 1837
201:&
182:, 1862
2955:WoRMS
2929:IRMNG
2921:6ZDWW
2875:WoRMS
2841:79585
2797:IRMNG
2789:52300
2750:8VCJP
2737:72364
1536:S2CID
1395:S2CID
1138:prawn
1119:offal
903:Tonga
895:Japan
887:Palau
871:India
807:morph
684:clade
605:stoma
601:stego
526:Bloch
516:, as
496:Henle
488:Latin
203:Henle
2942:ITIS
2823:NCBI
2810:ITIS
2771:GBIF
2732:BOLD
1764:PMID
1642:ISBN
1528:PMID
1433:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1270:ISBN
1198:2022
1181:2019
1121:for
1086:and
901:and
893:and
873:and
792:and
711:and
688:taxa
636:and
556:and
528:and
494:and
480:Seba
357:The
2916:CoL
2758:EoL
2745:CoL
2706:AFD
2693:ADW
1754:PMC
1744:doi
1679:CNN
1608:doi
1520:doi
1487:doi
1475:368
1308:doi
1304:107
1185:doi
1136:in
1082:'s
954:eel
478:by
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