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for assessment, where they were assigned to
Pretoria Local Prison (aka Pretoria Prison) to serve out their sentences. This was a separate prison, one of three along with Pretoria Central proper and "Maximum" or "Beverly Hills" which were part of the complex - although all three were often referred to
224:
sociology conference in
Johannesburg. In September, he and Jenkin hung a 10-metre-long banner with the words "ANC LIVES" from a high building in the centre of Cape Town, along with a timed device which distributed hundreds of leaflets over the crowds below. Lee moved back to Cape Town in December
315:
Although Jenkin and
Moumbaris contributed most towards the preparations for and material necessities of the plan, Lee was firmly behind their thinking and assisted in whatever ways he could. After escaping, Lee separated for some weeks from the others, staying with friends in Johannesburg before
149:
As they started realising the full extent of the unfair system of apartheid, they were fired with a desire to work towards change. Coming to the conclusion they could not effect any real change within the constitutional framework, which banned all effective and truly democratic opposition, they
355:
In May 1980 the warden who had been on duty of the night of the escape, Sergeant
Vermeulen, was put on trial for "aiding terrorists", or alternatively aiding in the escape of three prisoners. Lee, having first written to a newspaper explaining Vermeulen's innocence, upon request sent a sworn
296:
mistakenly as
Pretoria Central. Within this prison, they were assigned to the maximum security part reserved for white male political prisoners, making the number up to 11 at that time. From the first day, they were observing their surroundings and weighing up the chances of an escape.
216:
In
December 1976, Lee went to Cape Town and both he and Jenkin planted leaflet bombs in the city and suburbs. In Jenkin's words, "The actual message on the leaflets, important as it was, was not as important as the fact the ANC had done it. It is because of the propaganda effect...".
196:
to look for work, and the ANC coincidentally sent them both on their first mission, to disperse leaflets urging support for the ANC and unity in the liberation struggle via a leaflet bomb in
Johannesburg, close to the anniversary of the
278:
South Africa) activities. They received poor legal advice and were not allowed to make their own pleas in answer to the charges. Lee's family had insisted on using a different defence lawyer, and he and his witnesses – parents, a
177:. At the end of 1974, the ANC informed him they had been approved and, after receiving some months of training with them, could return to South Africa to do something for the movement. During this time Lee worked as a
154:(ANC) were worth fighting for. The only way they could work for this banned organisation was to move to the UK and make contact with the organisation there, so both set off in February 1974 by ship via
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in July 1975, Lee and Jenkin bought a typewriter, duplicator and stationery to print and post pamphlets and leased first a garage and then a tiny apartment. In March 1976 Lee decided to go to
381:
dramatising real-life prison escapes. The video features excerpts from interviews with Jenkin, Lee, Moumbaris and
Goldberg filmed in 2012, in between re-enacted scenes of the prison escape.
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statement to his defence attorney stating
Vermeulen's innocence. The combination of this and the many inconsistencies in his forced "confession" led to his eventual acquittal.
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chaplain and a family friend – used the line Jenkin was the ringleader and Lee had been corrupted. Lee was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment and Jenkin to twelve.
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Along with Jenkin, Lee was tried in the Cape Town
Supreme Court from 6 to 15 June 1978, charged with helping to produce and distribute pamphlets for the ANC and
146:
it and swapping it with other students. They both found their sociology course disappointing, as the material reinforced the status quo of the apartheid system.
244:, which allowed detention without trial for up to 60 days, and was extendable. Lee made an escape attempt and nearly succeeded. After a spell in the notorious
169:
in April 1974, they applied to join the ANC. While the ANC were checking their credentials, Lee went and worked as a carpenter in the Netherlands and taught
824:
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They were separated, interrogated and put into cells, without being informed of the charges or their rights. This was legal under Section 6 of the
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182:
258:, the book inspired them to seriously consider the prospect of escape and they concentrated on rigorous observations of the world around them.
851:
1022:
741:"Press Conference by O. R. Tambo, Introducing Alexandre Moumbaris, Stephen Lee and Timothy Jenkin who Escaped from Prison in South Africa"
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escaped from Pretoria Prison in 1979, after meticulous planning and trial runs. The escape is described in great detail by Jenkin's book,
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in sociology, and the two continued their undercover work, but unbeknownst to them they were by this time under surveillance by police.
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93:(born c. 1951) is a South African former political prisoner best known for his 1979 escape from Pretoria Local Prison (part of the
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in 1971, he met Jenkin in a sociology class. They soon became friends and both of them sought out the literature banned by the
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At 3am on 2 March 1978, they were both arrested, after being seen moving their printing equipment into their own dwelling.
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in Johannesburg, they were returned to Cape Town and after four weeks, allowed to see family, and held at
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568:"Pretoria Prison break: Amazing story of the daring men who escaped notorious apartheid regime jail"
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on 13 January 1980, having renounced his South African citizenship soon after arrival in Pretoria.
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In 2013, the story of the prison escape was dramatised in the 7th episode of the 2nd season of
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In May 2017, it was announced production would start on a film of Jenkin's book, produced by
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as they awaited trial. After Lee's father brought him a copy of the book
825:"Daniel Radcliffe to Star in Prison-Break Drama 'Escape From Pretoria'"
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Lee was born in South Africa. After developing an interest in
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In June 1977 Lee distributed several caches of leaflets at a
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852:"Sam Neill joins Daniel Radcliffe in 'Escape From Pretoria'"
901:"Daniel Radcliffe touches down in Adelaide for new movie"
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on 2 January 1980 to tell their stories. After flying to
792:"Chapter 9: To build solidarity - that was my task"
201:. After achieving this mission, Lee worked for the
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South African former political prisoner (born 1951)
809:Denis Goldberg : freedom fighter and humanist
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332:Lee and Jenkin appeared at a press conference in
270:(SACP), and/or participating in ANC, SACP and
209:" on his own in Cape Town. Not long after the
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1018:White South African anti-apartheid activists
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920:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
880:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation News
359:Lee and Jenkin went on a speaking tour in
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97:complex) with friend and fellow activist
130:and subsequently switching courses from
700:Inside Out: Escape from Pretoria Prison
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406:, South Australia, in March 2019, with
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84:Prison escape, anti-apartheid activism
1008:Escapees from South African detention
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183:Transport and General Workers' Union
899:7News Adelaide (17 February 2019).
274:(MK) (all banned organisations in
14:
876:Sutton, Malcolm (13 March 2019).
601:(video). Tim Jenkin. 30 July 2013
823:Mitchell, Robert (18 May 2017).
739:Tambo, Oliver (2 January 1980).
811:, edited by David Kenvyn (2014)
203:University of the Witwatersrand
1013:University of Cape Town alumni
379:National Geographic TV channel
377:, a television series made by
316:meeting up with them again at
158:, spending a few weeks in the
38:c. 1951 (age 72–73)
1:
268:South African Communist Party
831:. Penske Business Media, LLC
796:South African History Online
745:South African History Online
566:Parry, Tom (19 April 2013).
473:South African History Online
1023:UMkhonto we Sizwe personnel
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150:decided the ideals of the
410:joining the cast as Lee.
291:They were first taken to
152:African National Congress
122:and involving himself in
396:as Goldberg. Filming of
205:, while Jenkin ran the "
126:student politics at the
293:Pretoria Central Prison
142:government, devouring,
128:University of Cape Town
114:Early life and activism
95:Pretoria Central Prison
67:University of Cape Town
320:airport to fly out of
188:After their return to
728:– via Worldcat.
469:"Stephen Bernard Lee"
225:after enrolling in a
76:Sociologist, activist
948:. London: Kliptown.
942:Escape from Pretoria
939:Jenkin, Tim (1987).
697:Jenkin, Tim (1978).
673:, pp. 64–65, 69
399:Escape from Pretoria
363:in the early 1980s.
310:Escape from Pretoria
199:Sharpeville Massacre
101:and a third inmate,
475:. 28 September 2011
246:John Vorster Square
91:Stephen Bernard Lee
35:Stephen Bernard Lee
348:, Lee flew on to
328:Life after prison
272:Umkhonto we Sizwe
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250:Pollsmoor Prison
165:Upon arrival in
132:business science
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312:(1987, 2003).
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933:Cited works
778:Jenkin 1987
766:Jenkin 1987
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671:Jenkin 1987
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620:Jenkin 1987
554:Jenkin 1987
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518:Jenkin 1987
506:Jenkin 1987
494:Jenkin 1987
451:Jenkin 1987
439:Jenkin 1987
427:Jenkin 1987
160:Netherlands
53:Nationality
25:Stephen Lee
1002:Categories
414:References
222:right-wing
162:en route.
99:Tim Jenkin
989:ignored (
979:cite book
964:924674792
835:1 October
719:653065100
402:began in
276:apartheid
190:Cape Town
156:Barcelona
140:apartheid
136:sociology
109:Biography
42:Cape Town
969:26 March
916:cite web
884:13 March
801:20 March
751:20 March
747:. Lusaka
724:13 March
605:26 March
594:Breakout
574:26 March
570:. Mirror
479:20 March
404:Adelaide
394:Ian Hart
374:Breakout
346:Tanzania
255:Papillon
185:(TGWU).
906:8 March
861:8 March
829:Variety
599:YouTube
171:English
120:Marxism
57:British
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952:
717:
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361:Sweden
350:London
338:Zambia
334:Lusaka
322:Angola
318:Luanda
300:Escape
287:Prison
233:Arrest
167:London
946:(PDF)
340:with
262:Trial
175:Spain
991:help
971:2019
960:OCLC
950:ISBN
922:link
908:2019
886:2019
863:2019
837:2017
803:2019
753:2019
726:2019
715:OCLC
705:ISBN
607:2019
576:2019
481:2019
207:cell
31:Born
807:In
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