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Parliament, The UK Wave Energy programme was shut down on 19 March 1982, in a closed meeting. An analysis of Salter's Duck resulted in a miscalculation of the estimated cost of energy production by a factor of 10, an error which was only recently identified. Some wave power advocates believe that this error, combined with a general lack of enthusiasm for renewable energy in the 1980s (after oil prices fell), hindered the advancement of wave power technology.
224:, propagating along the water surface of the tank interior towards the 89 flaps. These force-feedback wave paddles were further developed and commercialised by Edinburgh Designs, and are used in many facilities worldwide. Salter argued in 2001 that to properly test wave and tidal energy devices required a circular combined wave and current basin, which ultimately led to the construction of the
284:
became known as Salter's Duck or
Nodding Duck, although it was officially referred to as the "Edinburgh Duck". In small scale controlled tests, the Duck's curved cam-like body can stop 90% of wave motion and can convert 90% of that to electricity. According to sworn testimony before the House of
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for services to engineering. In 2012 he received the Royal
Academy of Engineering Sustained Achievement Award. In 2021 he was inducted into the
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The wide wave tank at the
University of Edinburgh—a novel design and invention by Salter, built in 1977—was the world's first multi-directional
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187:(7 December 1938 – 23 February 2024) was a South African-born Scottish academic who was Emeritus Professor of Engineering Design at the
426:"Computational assessment of a proposed technique for global warming mitigation via albedo-enhancement of marine stratocumulus clouds"
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Together with Win Rampen, Salter also played a key role in the development of digital-displacement pump-motors, later manufactured by
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735:"Memorandum submitted by Professor S H Salter, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Edinburgh"
560:"Modeling of Digital-Displacement Pump-Motors and Their Application as Hydraulic Drives for Nonuniform Loads"
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765:"Further Memorandum by S H Salter, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Edinburgh"
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and was responsible for creating the concept of the mechanical enhancement of clouds to achieve
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While historic references to the power of waves do exist, the modern scientific pursuit of
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Bower, Keith; Choularton, Tom; Latham, John; Sahraei, Jalil; Salter, Stephen (2006).
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on 7 December 1938, he died in
Edinburgh on 23 February 2024, at the age of 85.
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534:"Announcing the death of Professor Stephen Salter | School of Engineering"
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Engineering at
Edinburgh University: a short history, 1673–1983\
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621:"How artificially brightened clouds could stop climate change"
463:
Salter, S.H. (1981). "Absorbing wave-makers and wide tanks".
927:"System of Tapping Wave Power Would Use Giant Lopsided Vane"
558:
Ehsan, Md.; Rampen, W. H. S.; Salter, S. H. (26 June 1997).
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on the wavemaking flaps were used for the absorption of
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was begun in the 1970s by Salter, in response to the
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Journal of
Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control
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351:"Could Salter's Duck have solved the oil crisis?"
16:South African-born Scottish academic and inventor
874:"Wave energy pioneer receives top Academy Award"
250:Salter was "one of the leading voices" of the
247:, however the company ceased trading in 2015.
8:
1020:Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame inductees
1005:Members of the Order of the British Empire
31:
1010:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
295:Member of the Order of the British Empire
995:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
1015:People associated with renewable energy
782:– via S.H. Salter online archive.
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198:device. Salter was also a proponent of
852:, Number 57315, Saturday 12 June 2004"
816:"The untimely death of Salter's Duck"
235:. Salter was a Specialist Advisor at
7:
965:Edinburgh Wave Power Project archive
854:. London-gazette.co.uk. 12 June 2004
600:. Aquamarine Power. 13 November 2013
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213:equipped with absorbing wavemakers.
109:• Wave generation and absorption in
896:"Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame"
379:Salter, S.H. (1974). "Wave power".
243:advising on the development of the
19:For the Australian politician, see
14:
925:Walter Sullivan (15 April 1975).
741:. 9 February 2001. Archived from
322:Harvie, Barbra (8 October 2007).
303:Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame
23:. For the English architect, see
772:Parliament of the United Kingdom
739:Parliament of the United Kingdom
699:"Edinburgh Wave Energy Project"
876:. Royal Academy of Engineering
450:10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.11.013
349:McGrath, Jane (14 July 2008).
204:cloud reflectivity enhancement
191:and inventor of the eponymous
106:Cloud reflectivity enhancement
1:
483:"Wide Wave Tank 1977 – 2001"
245:Oyster wave energy converter
945:John Vidal (16 June 2004).
21:Stephen Salter (politician)
1036:
324:"Professor Stephen Salter"
265:
25:Stephen Salter (architect)
18:
900:engineeringhalloffame.org
796:. Earth Science Australia
645:Birse, Ronald M. (1983).
485:. University of Edinburgh
330:. University of Edinburgh
233:Artemis Intelligent Power
165:
130:
990:People from Johannesburg
252:marine cloud brightening
706:University of Edinburgh
189:University of Edinburgh
160:University of Edinburgh
90:University of Cambridge
794:"Water Power Devices"
673:"Stephen Hugh Salter"
328:School of Engineering
299:2004 Birthday Honours
293:Salter was appointed
430:Atmospheric Research
261:
471:. pp. 185–202.
442:2006AtmRe..82..328B
395:1974Natur.249..720S
172:Stephen Hugh Salter
931:The New York Times
850:The London Gazette
828:on 10 October 2008
598:"Aquamarine Power"
289:Honours and awards
254:movement. Born in
1000:Fluid dynamicists
821:Green Left Weekly
715:on 1 October 2006
389:(5459): 720–724.
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355:Green Science
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297:(MBE) in the
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954:. Retrieved
951:The Guardian
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826:the original
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509:The Engineer
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256:Johannesburg
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156:Institutions
131:
72:(2024-02-23)
60:South Africa
56:Johannesburg
29:
985:2024 deaths
980:1938 births
906:19 February
880:25 February
858:27 November
778:29 December
625:www.bbc.com
604:27 November
274:wave energy
237:wave energy
196:wave energy
142:Engineering
974:Categories
956:2 February
832:22 October
800:22 October
749:22 October
719:22 October
309:References
278:oil crisis
228:facility.
111:wave tanks
80:, Scotland
48:1938-12-07
677:The Times
584:0022-0434
226:FloWaveTT
211:wave tank
86:Education
78:Edinburgh
239:company
215:Feedback
936:2 March
683:4 March
630:1 March
543:1 March
515:2 March
489:2 March
438:Bibcode
411:4278688
391:Bibcode
364:1 March
334:1 March
902:. 2012
655:
582:
409:
382:Nature
280:. His
138:Fields
117:Awards
768:(PDF)
713:(PDF)
702:(PDF)
407:S2CID
182:
180:,
958:2009
938:2009
908:2022
882:2013
860:2013
834:2008
802:2008
780:2017
751:2008
721:2008
685:2024
653:ISBN
632:2019
606:2013
580:ISSN
545:2024
517:2009
491:2009
469:ASCE
366:2009
336:2009
184:FRSE
125:FRSE
67:Died
42:Born
572:doi
568:122
446:doi
399:doi
387:249
177:MBE
121:MBE
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