289:
30:
407:
378:
421:蒙古字韻), which was sold to the British Museum by his widow in April 1909. This is the only surviving example of a dictionary written in the 'Phags-pa script, and is the single most important source for studying how Chinese was written in the 'Phags-pa script during the Yuan dynasty. This manuscript is now held at the
236:
Whilst in China he learned to read and speak
Chinese, and published a number of articles on the art, numismatics, geography and history of China. He finally retired and returned to England in 1900, due to ill-health. After returning to England he published a number of books on Chinese porcelain and
228:
in
Beijing, China, with an annual salary of £600 and the promise that he could also engage in private practice at Beijing if he wished. He set sail for Shanghai on the last day of the next month, and except for a few periods of leave, he remained there for the next thirty-two years. On his first
414:
Although he did not actually publish anything relating to the 'Phags-pa script, during his time in China (probably on his 1872 trip to Inner
Mongolia) he acquired the only extant manuscript copy of the early 14th century rhyming dictionary of Chinese written in the 'Phags-pa script
341:大安寶錢 (Precious Coin of the Da'an period, 1076–1085). Although Bushell did not try to reconstruct the pronunciation of any of the Tangut characters, he was the first scholar to be able to decipher the meaning of any Tangut characters.
337:. Using this methodology, in 1896 he was able to determine the meaning of thirty-seven Tangut characters (see adjacent image), and could thereby identify the inscription on one of his Western Xia coins as corresponding to the Chinese
667:
1906. Bishop
Collection, by Heber R. Bishop, George Frederick Kunz, Stephen W. Bushell, Robert Lilley, and Tadamasa Hayashi. The Bishop Collection. Investigations and Studies in Jade. New York: Privately Printed. , 1906.
1411:
398:魚符) with a small character Khitan inscription that he had in his collection. Although he misidentified the script on the tally as "large Jurchen", the tally is an important example of the small Khitan script.
393:
scripts in his article on the
Jurchen script published in 1897, but did not attempt any decipherment or engage in detailed study of the two scripts. However he did publish a facsimile of a bronze 'fish tally'
360:
Bushell discussed the
Jurchen script in an article he published in 1897 entitled "Inscriptions in the Juchen and Allied Scripts". In this article he analyses in detail the Jurchen inscription on a stele from
328:
state with inscriptions in the Tangut script. To read the inscriptions on these coins he attempted to decipher as many Tangut characters as possible by comparing the
Chinese and Tangut texts on a bilingual
1067:
448:
Shortly before his retirement, and in the years following his return to
England in 1900, he produced a number of important books on Chinese art, including two handbooks for the Victoria and Albert Museum,
473:
in 1906. His final work was a book about 16th-century
Chinese porcelain with 83 coloured plates, incorporating a manuscript text in Chinese by Xiang Yuanbian 項元汴 (1525–1590), a wealthy art collector from
1024:
Bishop
Collection, by Heber R. Bishop, George Frederick Kunz, Stephen W. Bushell, Robert Lilley, and Tadamasa Hayashi. The Bishop Collection. Investigations and Studies in Jade. New York: Priv. Print. ,
1396:
501:, collected coins, and wrote papers about Chinese numismatics - see the list of the publications below. After his death, his widow donated his Chinese coins to the British Museum.
970:
478:
in Zhejiang province, with a translation into English by Bushell. The final proof copy of this book was delivered to his home just a few hours after Bushell's death.
1376:
1356:
1000:
437:
in London to purchase Chinese porcelain on their behalf, and he acquired a total of 233 pieces for the museum. He also acquired a number of items for the
1421:
740:
Pearce, Nick (2005–2006). "Collecting, Connoisseurship and Commerce: An Examination of the Life and Career of Stephen Wooton Bushell (1844–1908)".
873:
202:
1038:
531:
1875. "Notes of a Journey Outside the Great Wall of China: Read before the Royal Geographical Society of London, February 9th, 1874";
241:
134:
978:
169:. His father owned a large farm, but as the second son he needed to seek a career outside farming, and so he studied medicine at
165:
in Kent, the second son of William Bushell and Sarah Frances Bushell (née Wooton). He was educated at Tunbridge Wells School and
252:
In autumn 1872, Bushell and Thomas G. Grosvenor (1842–1886), a secretary at the British Legation, went on a journey beyond the
562:
1879. "A Terra-cotta Vase with supposed Chinese Inscription discovered by Dr. Schliemann, at Hissarlik" (with illustrations),
481:
After his death, his widow donated his collection of ceramics, antique pottery sherds, ancient Chinese knife and spade coins,
288:
433:
Bushell is best known for his books on Chinese art, and, in particular, Chinese porcelain. In 1883 he was appointed by the
1386:
1381:
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457:(1904), and a catalogue of the Morgan Collection of Chinese porcelains (1907), which at that time was on display at the
349:
348:
on the Great Wall of China was Tangut, and not Jurchen, as had been asserted by several previous authors, in particular
345:
1361:
974:
470:
434:
221:
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498:
381:
Bronze 'fish tally' with small Khitan inscription reading "Commander of the Heaven Cloud Army" owned by Bushell
229:
return to England, in 1874, he was married to Florence Jane Mathews (1853-1930), the daughter of a doctor from
646:
1904. "Notes on the decorative and architectural use of glazed tiles and faience in China"; in W.J. Furnival,
1391:
1134:
265:
146:
945:
261:
210:
1357:
Hanging scroll of a rubbing in the style of Wu Daozi from the collection of Bushell at the British Museum
497:
Bushell also made important contributions to the study of East Asian numismatics. He was a member of the
1406:
1401:
206:
174:
458:
390:
386:
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305:
301:
253:
162:
53:
324:
One of Bushell's many interests was numismatics, and he collected a number of coins issued by the
1207:
1095:
831:
214:
75:
865:
858:
1183:
1159:
1087:
889:
Bushell, S.W. (1895–1896). "The Hsi Hsia Dynasty of Tangut, their Money and Peculiar Script".
869:
749:
695:
344:
Bushell was also able to confirm that the unknown script on the six-script inscription on the
198:
178:
170:
1079:
823:
142:
138:
104:
466:
422:
166:
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949:
377:
29:
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908:
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309:
257:
182:
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853:
835:
297:
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273:
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Objects bought in Peking by Stephan Bushell for the Victoria and Albert Museum
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849:
827:
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1895–1896. "The Hsi Hsia Dynasty of Tangut, their Money and Peculiar Script";
410:
Page from the Chinese 'Phags-pa rhyming dictionary manuscript owned by Bushell
352:
in an 1870 paper entitled "An ancient Buddhist inscription at Keu-yung Kwan".
277:
1304:
Stephen Wootton Bushell; William M. Laffan; William Thompson Walters (1899).
1091:
753:
442:
365:
that has a list of "metropolitan graduates" (the stele is thus known as the
334:
194:
79:
137:
MD (28 July 1844 – 19 September 1908) was an English physician and amateur
1329:
John Pierpont Morgan; Stephen Wootton Bushell; William M. Laffan (1907).
1185:
Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for the Year ...
1161:
Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for the Year ...
469:
in writing producing the catalog of the Bishop Collection of Jade at the
225:
926:
Bushell, S.W. (October 1899). "The Tangut script in the Nank'ou Pass".
545:
1877. "A rare Manchu coin"; The China Review Vol.6 No.2 (1877) 143-144.
475:
362:
230:
186:
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276:. They were the first Europeans to visit Shangdu since the time of
405:
376:
330:
287:
816:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
578:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
540:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
296:
Bushell made important contributions to the study of the extinct
669:
1068:"A Short History of Chinese Numismatics in European Languages"
891:
Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
627:
Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
571:
Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
526:
Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
224:, Bushell was offered a position as physician to the British
201:(gold medal, 1866). After graduation in 1866, he worked as a
860:
The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition
233:
in Kent, and they returned to China together the next year.
1412:
People educated at Tunbridge Wells Grammar School for Boys
1332:
Catalogue of the Morgan Collection of Chinese porcelains
1282:
Catalogue of the Morgan Collection of Chinese Porcelains
718:
Catalogue of the Morgan collection of Chinese porcelains
677:
Catalogue of the Morgan Collection of Chinese Porcelains
634:
Actes du Onzième Congrès International des Orientalistes
177:, where he excelled, winning prizes and scholarships in
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1897. "Inscriptions in the Juchen and Allied Scripts";
538:
1875. "Notes on the Old Mongolian Capital of Shangtu";
576:
1880. "Early history of Tibet from Chinese sources";
772:"Obituary of Stephen Wootton Bushell, C.M.G, M.D.".
604:
1884. "A New Silver Coinage for Chinese Turkestan",
1397:
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
1279:Stephen Wootton Bushell; William M. Laffan (1907).
664:
pages 677–690. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
569:1880. "Coins of the present day Dynasty of China";
217:(MD) from the University of London on 13 May 1868.
205:at Guy's Hospital, and then in 1867 he worked as a
117:
95:
87:
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39:
20:
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34:Portrait of Stephen Wootton Bushell (c. 1880–1890)
510:1872. "Roman and Chinese Coinage" (illustrated),
141:who made important contributions to the study of
1039:"Stephen Wootton Bushell (Biographical details)"
639:1899. "The Tangut script in the Nan K'ou Pass";
812:"Notes on the Old Mongolian Capital of Shangtu"
292:Bushell's decipherement of 37 Tangut characters
864:. London: Courier Dover Publications. p.
648:Leadless Decorative Tiles, Faience, and Mosaic
583:1880. "The Chinese Silver Coinage of Tibet",
548:1878. "The Chinese Silver Coinage of Tibet",
524:1874. "The Stone Drums of the Chou Dynasty";
220:In January 1868, at the recommendation of Dr
8:
791:"University of London (List of Graduates)".
742:Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society
971:"The Formation of the Ceramics Collections"
662:Smithsonian Institution Annual Report, 1904
445:in 1887 and collection of bronzes in 1898.
193:(first class honours, 1865), Medicine and
28:
17:
590:1883. "A New Mint in Chinese Turkestan",
533:Journal of the Royal Geographical Society
613:Specimens of ancient Chinese paper money
729:
720:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
240:In 1897 he was made a Companion of the
915:. Tokyo: The Zauho Press. p. 519.
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1234:The Tangut Script in the Nank'ou Pass
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950:"Phags-pa Script : Menggu Ziyun"
767:
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485:, and various other artefacts to the
461:in New York. He also worked with Dr.
369:進士碑 'Metropolitan Graduates Stele').
7:
1377:19th-century English medical doctors
706:. New York: D. Appleton and company.
272:), the fabled summer capital of the
185:(scholarship and gold medal, 1864),
657:. London: H. M. Stationery Office.
597:1883. "Mongol Mark on Porcelain",
14:
660:1905. "Chinese Architecture"; in
643:] Vol.24 No.2 (Oct. 1899): 65–68.
429:Study of Chinese art and ceramics
242:Order of St Michael and St George
197:(first class honours, 1866), and
189:(scholarship, 1865), Geology and
1255:Stephen Wootton Bushell (1914).
1231:Stephen Wootton Bushell (1899).
1422:People from Ash, Dover District
636:2nd section pages 11–35. Paris.
618:1892. "A Rare Canton Coinage",
213:. He was awarded the degree of
171:Guy's Hospital Medical School)
1:
385:Bushell discussed the Khitan
1335:. Metropolitan Museum of Art
1285:. Metropolitan Museum of Art
913:A Study of Hsi-Hsia Language
780:(2): 954. 26 September 1908.
346:Cloud Platform at Juyongguan
149:and the decipherment of the
260:, and visited the ruins of
1438:
975:Victoria and Albert Museum
793:Medical Press and Circular
685:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
471:Metropolitan Museum of Art
435:Victoria and Albert Museum
1133:Bushell, Stephen (1877).
1084:10.1017/S0362502800000560
828:10.1017/S0035869X00016518
125:
110:
27:
692:William Thompson Walters
555:1878. "A Chinese Coin",
499:Royal Numismatic Society
284:Study of ancient scripts
207:resident medical officer
774:British Medical Journal
650:. Stone, Staffordshire.
266:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
132:Stephen Wootton Bushell
22:Stephen Wootton Bushell
810:Bushell, S.W. (1875).
711:With William M. Laffan
672:: 14097767; 651197967.
517:1873. "Chinese Cash",
441:, including a Tibetan
411:
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382:
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211:Bethlem Royal Hospital
622:, Vol.20 No.1 (1892).
608:, Vol.13 No.2 (1884).
601:, Vol.11 No.5 (1883).
594:, Vol.11 No.4 (1883).
425:(callmark Or. 6972).
409:
380:
291:
1387:English orientalists
1382:English numismatists
1307:Oriental Ceramic Art
1135:"A Rare Manchu Coin"
704:Oriental Ceramic Art
587:, Vol.8 No.6 (1880).
566:, Vol.8 No.1 (1879).
559:, Vol.7 No.1 (1878).
552:, Vol.6 No.5 (1878).
521:, Vol.1 No.6 (1873).
514:, Vol.1 No.2 (1872).
493:Study of Numismatics
451:Oriental Ceramic Art
175:University of London
161:Bushell was born in
1417:Chinese numismatics
799:: 445. 20 May 1868.
459:Metropolitan Museum
254:Great Wall of China
1066:(1 January 2013).
981:on 20 October 2009
580:Vol. XII: 435–541.
542:Vol. VII: 329–338.
535:Vol. XLIV: 73–115.
412:
383:
294:
215:Doctor of Medicine
76:Harrow on the Hill
875:978-0-486-27586-4
696:William M. Laffan
683:Chinese Porcelain
629:Vol.XXX: 142–160.
615:. Peit'ang Press.
199:Forensic Medicine
179:Organic Chemistry
163:Ash-next-Sandwich
129:
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112:Scientific career
72:19 September 1908
54:Ash-next-Sandwich
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