344:, formed by 30 living species. Like rodents, pikas have chisel-like incisor teeth, but they also have a second pair of incisors in the upper jaw, followed by two molar teeth in the upper jaw and three molar teeth in the lower jaw. Pikas have no canines. Their teeth grow throughout their life and they need to be worn down. The anatomical structure of the lower jaw bone makes it possible to move the jaw both up and down and sideways. Pikas have sharp senses, they can smell, hear and see very well. Their fibular bone has partially accreted with the tibia. They have five digits on their limbs and pads on feet and toes. Pikas are not hibernating animals.
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The steppe pika is usually 14.5â18.5 cm (5.7â7.3 in) long. The tail is reduced, and the short round ears have a lighter lining. The fur is taupe, with lighter hair ends. The coat becomes lighter in winter. Pikas give birth to up to 13 young in a litter, three to five times a year. The size
443:
A decrease has been noted in the population of pikas, caused by climate changes and expanding agriculture. The pica has been included in the list of potentially endangered species but is classified as "least concern". One of the places where it is protected is
Orenburgsky Zapovednik. A growing pika
423:
is a nocturnal creature. It is normally heard but not seen. The males emit a long series of low trills and the females do also sing to attract males and respond to other females. It lives in a flock, dwelling systems of underground passages with several openings. Pikas feed on soft parts of juicy
424:
plants and low shrubs, near its dens. One of its favorite plants is wormwood. Due to the fact it doesn't hibernate during winter, early (from June) it begins to gather grass, and dry it formed in haystacks. In the late autumn it moves the haystacks to the main chamber of its den.
348:
of the litter may depend on the size of population in the area. One of the most distinctive characteristics of the steppe pika is its short, high-pitched alarm call, which gives the animal the name of the "whistling hare".
565:
Fostowicz-Frelik Ć., Frelik G. J., 2010. The earliest occurrence of the steppe pika (Ochotona pusilla) in Europe near the #Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary. Naturwissenschaften. 97:325-329
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and not indicative of the pika's past habits. Pikas are generally regarded as an excellent indicator of the health of steppe ecosystems, as they strictly avoid human disturbance.
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Niu Y., Wei F., Li M., Liu X., Feng Z., 2004. Phylogeny of pikas (Lagomorpha, Ochotona) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Folia Zool. 53(2): 141â155
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NĂ©meth, A., BĂĄrĂĄny, A., Csorba, G., Magyari, E., Pazonyi, P., & PĂĄlfy, J. (2017). Holocene mammal extinctions in the
Carpathian Basin: a review.
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Fisher C. T., Yalden D. W., 2004. The steppe pika
Ochotona pusilla in Britain, and a new northerly record. Mammal Review. 34(4): 320-324
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Steppe pika inhabits steppes covered by high grasses and bushes, where it finds shelter from its natural enemies, such as: foxes,
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Kosintsev, P. A., & Bachura, O. P. (2014). Formation of recent ranges of mammals in the Urals during the
Holocene.
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and other predators. Another of its niches is foothill of river valleys. Unlike other species of the family of pikas,
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Grzimek B., 1975. Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia. Vol. 12, Mammals 3. Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Ochotona_pusilla/#0a4c74e0589540d73a9589064bd7626e
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SerafiĆski W., Wielgus-SerafiĆska E., 1976. Ssaki. PaĆstwowe
Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa.
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Grzimek B., 2004. Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia. Vol. 16: Mammals V. Gale, Detroit.
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Kowalski K., 1971. Ssaki Zarys teriologii. PaĆstwowe
Wydawnictwo Naukowe, KrakĂłw.
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Kowalski K., 1991. MaĆy sĆownik zoologiczny. Ssaki. Wiedza powszechna, Warszawa.
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Aulagnier S.; P. Haffner, A. J. Mitchell-Jones, F. Moutou & J. Zima (2009)
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its range was larger and included most of Europe. It survived in the
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population may have a local impact on vegetation through feeding.
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throughout southern Russia and northern
Kazakhstan. During the
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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Ochotonidae/
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faunas on the basis of its fossil record, molar structure,
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Mammals of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East
486:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15052A45179445.en
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427:The steppe pika inhabits only flatlands. Its
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588:http://zooschool.ru/mouse/leporidae/6.shtml
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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461:Smith, A.T. & Lissovsky, A. (2016).
32:This article includes a list of general
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395:, in the middle Urals until the Middle
431:in mountain areas is always linked to
439:Population and environmental concerns
7:
2180:80dad6aa-d5ff-43dc-8766-9d38ec3c49fa
2374:IUCN Red List least concern species
472:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
351:The steppe pika has been called a
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2389:Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas
135:
23:
1:
375:Steppe pikas can be found in
1392:Venezuelan lowland rabbit (
2405:
340:includes only one genus -
2379:Mammals described in 1769
2034:White-tailed jackrabbit (
1953:Black-tailed jackrabbit (
1816:Ethiopian highland hare (
1580:Jameson's red rock hare (
1302:Central American tapeti (
1152:Annamite striped rabbit (
1143:Sumatran striped rabbit (
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1054:
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292:
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261:
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237:
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132:Scientific classification
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108:
99:
90:
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1989:Tehuantepec jackrabbit (
1962:White-sided jackrabbit (
1598:Hewitt's red rock hare (
1473:New England cottontail (
1455:Appalachian cottontail (
541:, A&C Black, London.
1935:Tamaulipas jackrabbit (
1589:Smith's red rock hare (
265:O. pusilla angustifrons
53:more precise citations.
1843:African savanna hare (
1661:Antelope jackrabbit (
1571:Natal red rock hare (
1446:Mountain cottontail (
1320:Omilteme cottontail (
479:: e.T15052A45179445.
391:until the end of the
317:. It is found in the
2175:Fauna Europaea (new)
1437:Tres Marias rabbit (
1428:Eastern cottontail (
1419:Mexican cottontail (
1365:Santa Marta tapeti (
1222:(Cottontail rabbits)
998:Turkestan red pika (
313:of the pika family,
1464:Robust cottontail (
1410:Desert cottontail (
1284:Dice's cottontail (
1275:Ecuadorian tapeti (
333:General description
102:Conservation status
1735:Black jackrabbit (
1356:Colombian tapeti (
1329:Nicefor's tapeti (
1034:Flat-headed pika (
980:Large-eared pika (
926:Chinese red pika (
413:Turkestan polecats
293:Steppe pika range
273:O. pusilla pusilla
268:(Argyropulo, 1932)
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2063:Taxon identifiers
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2007:Abyssinian hare (
1807:Manchurian hare (
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1573:P. crassicaudatus
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1515:European rabbit (
1475:S. transitionalis
1347:Suriname tapeti (
1311:Northern tapeti (
1225:
1119:Riverine rabbit (
1074:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1018:O. huanglongensis
890:Tsing-ling pika (
764:Manchurian pika (
746:Hoffmann's pika (
719:Helan Shan pika (
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586:Zooschool, 2013,
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16:Species of mammal
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2071:Ochotona pusilla
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1834:Ethiopian hare (
1646:
1645:
1641:
1563:
1562:
1561:(Red rock hares)
1558:
1539:Bunyoro rabbit (
1383:Coastal tapeti (
1374:Western tapeti (
1367:S. sanctaemartae
1293:Fulvous tapeti (
1224:
1223:
1219:
1176:Volcano rabbit (
1081:
1064:
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1036:O. flatcalvariam
935:Forrest's pika (
865:O. qionglaiensis
802:O. turuchanensis
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526:Biology Bulletin
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389:Carpathian basin
306:Ochotona pusilla
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49:this article by
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2009:L. habessinicus
1991:L. flavigularis
1980:Corsican hare (
1955:L. californicus
1944:Japanese hare (
1917:L. yarkandensis
1809:L. mandshuricus
1798:European hare (
1773:L. castroviejoi
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1421:S. cunicularis
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1761:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1744:Desert hare (
1742:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1697:Arctic hare (
1694:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:L. americanus
1676:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1622:Hispid hare (
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1430:S. floridanus
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1385:S. tapetillus
1381:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1295:S. fulvescens
1291:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1202:B. idahoensis
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1025:Sacred pika (
1023:
1021:
1019:
1016:Yellow pika (
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
992:
987:
985:
983:
978:
976:
974:
973:O. ladacensis
969:
967:
965:
960:
958:
956:
951:
949:
947:
942:
940:
938:
933:
931:
929:
928:O. erythrotis
923:
922:
917:
916:
913:
911:
906:
904:
902:
899:Moupin pika (
897:
895:
893:
888:
886:
884:
879:
877:
875:
872:Afghan pika (
870:
868:
866:
861:
859:
857:
854:Steppe pika (
852:
850:
848:
843:
841:
839:
834:
832:
830:
825:
823:
821:
815:
814:
809:
808:
805:
803:
798:
796:
794:
789:
787:
785:
780:
778:
776:
773:Kazakh pika (
771:
769:
767:
762:
760:
758:
757:O. hyperborea
753:
751:
749:
744:
742:
740:
737:Korean pika (
735:
733:
731:
726:
724:
722:
717:
715:
713:
710:Alpine pika (
707:
706:
701:
700:
698:
696:
695:
690:
686:
682:
673:
669:
663:
659:
657:
653:
651:
647:
645:
641:
639:
635:
634:
631:
626:
618:
613:
611:
606:
604:
599:
598:
595:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
548:
547:
540:
534:
531:
527:
521:
518:
514:
513:Mammal Review
508:
506:
504:
500:
487:
482:
478:
474:
473:
468:
466:
457:
454:
447:
445:
438:
436:
434:
430:
429:fossil record
425:
422:
418:
414:
410:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
357:Late Pliocene
354:
349:
345:
343:
339:
332:
330:
328:
325:and northern
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:) is a small
308:
307:
302:
291:
287:
282:
274:
271:
266:
263:
262:
260:
255:
250:
244:
242:
236:
233:
232:Binomial name
229:
225:
224:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
123:
118:
117:Least Concern
107:
103:
98:
94:
89:
84:
81:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2321:
2070:
2035:
2027:L. saxatilis
2026:
2025:Scrub hare (
2018:L. oiostolus
2017:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1937:L. altamirae
1936:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1881:L. peguensis
1880:
1871:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1845:L. victoriae
1844:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1800:L. europaeus
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1771:Broom hare (
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:Tolai hare (
1746:L. tibetanus
1745:
1737:L. insularis
1736:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1674:Poecilolagus
1673:
1671:
1662:
1656:Macrotolagus
1655:
1653:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1591:P. rupestris
1590:
1582:P. randensis
1581:
1572:
1552:
1541:P. marjorita
1540:
1528:
1517:O. cuniculus
1516:
1504:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1448:S. nuttallii
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1412:S. audubonii
1411:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1376:S. surdaster
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1340:S. palustris
1339:
1330:
1321:
1313:S. incitatus
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1277:S. daulensis
1276:
1267:
1259:S. aquaticus
1258:
1249:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1145:N. netscheri
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1010:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
971:Ladak pika (
963:
954:
945:
936:
927:
920:
918:
909:
901:O. thibetana
900:
891:
883:O. sikimaria
882:
881:Sijin pika (
874:O. rufescens
873:
864:
855:
853:
846:
845:Nubra pika (
837:
829:O. curzoniae
828:
819:
818:Gansu pika (
812:
810:
801:
792:
783:
774:
765:
756:
748:O. hoffmanni
747:
738:
729:
721:O. argentata
720:
711:
704:
702:
692:
678:Ochotonidae
538:
533:
525:
520:
512:
492:21 September
490:. Retrieved
476:
470:
464:
456:
442:
426:
420:
406:
393:Chalcolithic
377:Central Asia
374:
371:Distribution
363:traits, and
361:karyological
350:
346:
341:
336:
321:of southern
305:
304:
300:
298:
272:
264:
240:
238:
222:
221:
209:
86:Steppe pika
80:
65:
59:October 2020
56:
37:
2201:iNaturalist
2095:Wikispecies
1973:L. capensis
1971:Cape hare (
1964:L. callotis
1910:Tarimolagus
1899:L. sinensis
1863:L. hainanus
1829:Sabanalagus
1791:L. coreanus
1699:L. arcticus
1624:C. hispidus
1506:Oryctolagus
1493:S. bachmani
1466:S. holzneri
1457:S. obscurus
1439:S. graysoni
1358:S. salentus
1349:S. parentum
1331:S. nicefori
1191:Brachylagus
1167:Romerolagus
1154:N. timminsi
1097:P. furnessi
1027:O. sacraria
982:O. macrotis
955:O. iliensis
937:O. forresti
838:O. dauurica
793:O. princeps
730:O. collaris
660:Superorder
654:Infraclass
433:owl pellets
385:Pleistocene
338:Ochotonidae
315:Ochotonidae
301:steppe pika
257:Subspecies
199:Ochotonidae
51:introducing
2368:Categories
2337:Q122396628
1818:L. starcki
1728:Proeulagus
1717:L. timidus
1613:Caprolagus
1554:Pronolagus
1486:Microlagus
1405:Sylvilagus
1322:S. insonus
1241:S. andinus
1215:Sylvilagus
1086:Pentalagus
1011:Alienauroa
964:O. koslowi
953:Ili pika (
946:O. gloveri
910:O. thomasi
856:O. pusilla
847:O. nubrica
784:O. pallasi
739:O. coreana
625:Lagomorpha
549:ADW, 2013.
448:References
327:Kazakhstan
189:Lagomorpha
34:references
1926:Subgenus
1908:Subgenus
1892:Sinolagus
1890:Subgenus
1856:Indolagus
1854:Subgenus
1836:L. fagani
1827:Subgenus
1764:Subgenus
1726:Subgenus
1690:Subgenus
1672:Subgenus
1663:L. alleni
1654:Subgenus
1484:Subgenus
1403:Subgenus
1232:Subgenus
1134:Nesolagus
1110:Bunolagus
1062:Leporidae
1009:Subgenus
1000:O. rutila
991:O. roylei
919:Subgenus
892:O. syrinx
820:O. cansus
811:Subgenus
712:O. alpina
703:Subgenus
217:Species:
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
2331:Wikidata
2271:13500070
2219:10227876
2080:Wikidata
1782:L. comus
1755:L. tolai
1708:L. othus
1530:Poelagus
1304:S. gabbi
1286:S. dicei
1178:R. diazi
921:Conothoa
813:Ochotona
775:O. opaca
694:Ochotona
656:Eutheria
650:Mammalia
644:Chordata
638:Animalia
636:Kingdom
397:Holocene
342:Ochotona
210:Ochotona
195:Family:
179:Mammalia
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
122:IUCN 3.1
2258:1001172
2193:2437017
2086:Q587278
1766:Eulagos
1644:(Hares)
1067:Rabbits
1060:Family
680:(Pikas)
676:Family
642:Phylum
627:species
623:Extant
409:corsacs
403:Ecology
319:steppes
251:, 1769)
205:Genus:
185:Order:
175:Class:
120: (
47:improve
2310:444057
2284:228609
2232:625329
2167:305544
2141:984317
2128:112237
1234:Tapeti
648:Class
417:ermine
353:relict
323:Russia
311:mammal
249:Pallas
36:, but
2384:Pikas
2351:15884
2346:EUNIS
2297:86058
2245:15052
2214:IRMNG
2206:43175
2154:15722
2149:EUNIS
1692:Lepus
1637:Lepus
1071:Hares
381:Urals
365:mtDNA
2279:NCBI
2240:IUCN
2227:ITIS
2188:GBIF
2123:BOLD
1069:and
705:Pika
494:2021
477:2016
299:The
2266:MSW
2253:MDD
2136:EoL
2110:ADW
481:doi
355:of
2370::
2348::
2333::
2307::
2294::
2281::
2268::
2255::
2242::
2229::
2216::
2203::
2190::
2177::
2164::
2151::
2138::
2125::
2112::
2097::
2082::
1933::
1913::
1895::
1859::
1832::
1769::
1695::
1677::
1659::
1489::
1408::
1237::
1014::
924::
816::
708::
502:^
475:.
469:.
415:,
411:,
329:.
2038:)
2029:)
2020:)
2011:)
2002:)
1993:)
1984:)
1975:)
1966:)
1957:)
1948:)
1939:)
1919:)
1901:)
1883:)
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1847:)
1838:)
1820:)
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1802:)
1793:)
1784:)
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1739:)
1731::
1719:)
1710:)
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1665:)
1626:)
1602:)
1593:)
1584:)
1575:)
1543:)
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1378:)
1369:)
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1180:)
1156:)
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1123:)
1099:)
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1065:(
1038:)
1029:)
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1002:)
993:)
984:)
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957:)
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930:)
912:)
903:)
894:)
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867:)
858:)
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840:)
831:)
822:)
804:)
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777:)
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759:)
750:)
741:)
732:)
723:)
714:)
616:e
609:t
602:v
496:.
483::
467:"
463:"
303:(
247:(
124:)
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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