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of fortified walls to sloping gables. A symbol of seigneurial housing, they were taken up by the powerful bourgeoisie of free market towns, to demonstrate the power they had acquired. The redents then quickly became widespread and a simple decorative motif, adorning even modest buildings. Redents are
673:
formerly used to describe these steps. These are small steps, often consisting of a single ashlar course, not covered with flat stone. They have no credible utilitarian role. Their use is purely decorative or identity-related. Such gables are less common in other parts of northern France. Although
774:
In
Flanders and the Netherlands, their style is somewhat different (the steps are smaller and tend to be more numerous on each pitch, compared to the often large steps of northern Germany). They were a characteristic feature of urban construction where, by virtue of taxes on the width of houses,
672:
region, where they are particularly numerous, if not widespread, and have characterized local rural architecture since the Middle Ages. They can be found on all types of buildings, mainly rural houses, but also manor houses, barns, town houses and church steeples. The term “crenellations” was
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people came to build high and privilege this aspect of the facade. Horizontal divisions corresponding to storey heights often tended to be reduced in height, creating an optical effect of “false perspective” that accentuated the effect of height. From the
Renaissance onwards, curves and
258:
In the rural architecture of various regions of France, the crenellated gables still visible on dwellings and barns are generally linked to the former existence of thatch roofing on these buildings, replaced during the 19th century by slate or flat tile roofing.
915:(rarely tiles) do not reach the end of the building, so making for a special problem with keeping the roof watertight. Many different schemes are found for overcoming this, some of which are described below. Terms currently used in Scotland are italicised.
958:, running down the inside edge of the steps. The far edge of the trough is raised over a triangular fillet. Slates are then laid resting on that trough edge and overlapping into the trough, which is open and runs directly down to gutters (
246:, it is a purely decorative element in ashlar. Another version of the stepped gable with a purely decorative role is found in so-called noble or urban architecture, mainly in northern and central Europe, such as Germany,
301:
In the Campan valley (Hautes-Pyrénées), thatched roofs with overhanging gables can be found on temporary barns transformed into permanent farmhouses in the 19th century by family cadets, either by adding a single room
677:
is not far away, the gables of the
Soissonnais are very different from those of Flanders in shape and structure, and the long history of this tradition in France makes it unlikely that the two are related.
237:
In some regions of France, it's a utilitarian element in the architecture of thatched rural houses, where flat stones cover the load-bearing walls. In other regions, such as northern France (notably in the
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Convenient access to the roof ridge motivated the crow-step design, along with the availability of squarish stones to accomplish this form of construction. The access would have been convenient for
981:, and it is said that the porous nature of sandstone leads to problems with water penetration. Because of this, crow steps are sometimes capped with lead or sealed with other materials.
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woman on the crow steps. Roofs in
Scotland are typically steeper than in the rest of the United Kingdom (possibly because it snows more) making for steeper and more step-like steps.
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725:
This type of gable, also known as “stepped gable” or “stepped gable”, is characteristic of many parts of
Northern Europe. They can be found, with various local variations, in
203:,. They are also present but much rarer in the British Isles. Crow-stepped gables are especially common on traditional Flemish and Dutch houses and Danish medieval churches.
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and the top of the brick or stone wall is stacked in a step pattern above the roof as a decoration and as a convenient way to finish the brick courses. A
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There's also a more monumental, urban version of cusped gables, found mainly in northern Europe, whose function is exclusively decorative or symbolic.
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buildings in this city. From there, they were spread in the whole of
Northern Europe as from the 13th century, in particular in cities of the
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Crow-stepped gables were also used in
Scotland as early as the 16th century. Examples of Scottish crow-stepped gable can be seen at
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are inserted at intervals and hammered in so they expand. The raggle is then sealed with mortar. Crow steps are frequently made of
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From the early 19th century to the present day, neo-regionalist architecture has revived the use of crenellated gables in both
1261:"3 - Les maisons rurales, les granges foraines - Patrimoines du Pays des Vallées des Gaves, de Lourdes à Gavarnie, Le Lavedan"
1034:("stair-step facade"), characteristic of many brick buildings in the Netherlands, Belgium, and in Dutch colonial settlements.
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towns, for which this type of gable is a striking architectural symbol, and where they spread at the same time as the
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713:, stepped gables became widespread from the Middle Ages onwards. They are probably the result of adapting the
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423:, Haute-Savoie, not far from the Bugey region, a rare example of this type of gabled roof can be found at the
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Nineteenth-century examples are found in North
America, and the step gable is also a feature of the northern-
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Rather than forming a raggle, lead flashings may be placed into the joints between bricks as they are laid.
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A groove approximately 25 mm (1 inch) deep is cut into the inside edge of the steps. A lead abutment
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to place his tools. These stones often (but not always) slope downwards to allow rainwater to drain away.
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began to appear, gradually eliminating the “stepped” appearance, although many were still preserved.
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and roofers in earlier times, where cranes were non-existent and tall ladders were not common.
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in the neo-Gothic style of the 19th century, and are a cross between
Soissonnais and Flanders.
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from being “unplucked” in high winds, to facilitate access to the roof ridge and to act as a
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1609:, edited by Rev. James Wood, published by Frederick Warne & Company Ltd., London (1900)
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759:(“brick Gothic”) style. They have also spread to more southerly Germanic regions, such as
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Stepped gables, also known as sparrow-stepped gables, can be found in villages along the
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Slates may be laid to the edge of the crow step, with the last slate raised by a wedge (
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In the Rhône-Alpes region, they are typical of the architecture of eastern Nord-Isère (
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The main advantages of the vertical projection of the gable slopes were to prevent the
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L'Architecture privée en
Belgique dans les centres urbains aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles
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style), then in Central Europe at the next century. These gables are numerous in
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produced by the CAUE (Conseil d'Architecture d'Urbanisme et d'Environnement).
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There are a number of variations on the basic design. One such structure is
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may appear on building facades with or without gable ends, and even upon a
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1138:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 136.
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When lead is to be held into a raggle, small folded lead wedges called
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310:) against a gable, or by creating a living space in the barn itself.
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137:(Flanders, Belgium) and date from the 12th century: the house called
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A similar form is found in traditional Chinese architecture called
1362:"l'Association Historique de Frangy pour la Sauvegarde de Bel-Air"
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1022:: crow) is a more common version. Another term sometimes used is
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Tolbooths and Townhouses: Civic Architecture in Scotland to 1833
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1468:"Urban Design Traditions and Innovations in France, 1200-1600"
1204:–buildings were built with the distinctive Dutch step-gabled (
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is a stairstep type of design at the top of the triangular
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In rural architecture, redents are generally covered with
1579:, Volume IV, pp 167-169, Oliver & Boyd (1962 to 1971)
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is inserted into a raggle, and used to make a trough, or
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Roper Gate, an example of the use of crow-stepped gable
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commune (Savoie), with Mont du Chat in the background.
1305:, « Destination : Gand », in the show
218:, all late 16th- and early 17th-century buildings.
942:is inserted into this groove, called a chase or a
1327:Un type de maison élémentaire en vallée de Campan
1010:suggests this architectural feature is called
1039:
8:
1055:), which literally means "horse-head wall".
1341:"Architecture du XXe siècle en Rhône-Alpes"
1028:
505:Les granges de Cominac, in the commune of
1286:"Vernacular Architecture of Rural France"
427:, which is listed as a historic monument.
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802:after the First World War, buildings in
1525:"Vernacular pictures 2: Stepped gables"
1112:
808:
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495:
485:, gabled roofs are a common feature of
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356:
794:'s Grand-Place, the reconstruction of
685:, on the other hand, were designed by
286:, prevent water infiltration into the
7:
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1222:"Architecture of France (Art Ebook)"
749:, particularly in the former German
1265:www.patrimoines-lourdes-gavarnie.fr
133:The oldest examples can be seen in
109:-end of a building. The top of the
89:, Belgium, with crow-stepped gables
1026:. In Dutch, this design is termed
326:cantons) and neighboring southern
25:
1546:. Brussels: Palais des Académies.
1456:. Centre des monuments nationaux.
977:, even on buildings otherwise of
73:Crow-stepped gable on a house in
1660:Traditional Chinese architecture
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1411:Architecture of the Aisne Valley
1182:Schoone-Jongen, Terence (2008).
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729:(in the broadest sense) and the
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1576:The Fortified House in Scotland
1560:, Lumina Press, Aberdeen (2005)
993:built in 1597 which features a
733:, but also throughout northern
1188:. Cambria Press. p. 155.
477:In the central Pyrenees, from
1:
1240:"French Country Architecture"
1172:, Tolbooth Museum, Stonehaven
911:With crow steps, the roofing
1542:van de Castyne, Oda (1934).
575:are built with gabled roofs.
1185:The Dutch American Identity
718:also sometimes fitted with
637:Tourist route of Jura wines
622:Tourist route of Jura wines
553:Barn near Cominac (Ariège).
43:It has been suggested that
1681:
1558:History of Muchalls Castle
1150:"Oxford Road Architecture"
607:Saint-Laurent-en-Grandvaux
1607:The Nuttall Encyclopaedia
1429:"Les origines des gables"
1325:Bouisan, Georges (1989).
1040:
1018:(from the Scots language
282:to protect them from the
60:Proposed since June 2024.
1447:"Château de pierrefonds"
1290:Inter-American Institute
1200:In some towns—including
1007:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
46:Draft:Crow-stepped gable
1594:The Castles of Scotland
1348:Journal de l'exposition
1135:Encyclopædia Britannica
862:Gothic house in Bruges.
850:Gothic house in Bruges.
573:traditional Jura houses
569:Franche-Comté vineyards
563:In the villages of the
1472:Open Editions Journals
1427:Pontalis, E. Lefèvre.
1029:
683:Château de Pierrefonds
668:valley, mainly in the
227:Dutch Colonial Revival
90:
78:
1329:. Revue de Comminges.
250:and the Netherlands.
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72:
1631:at Wikimedia Commons
1415:La vallée de l'Aisne
1413:(excerpts from the
1315:, February 20, 2013.
537:Renovated barn near
53:into this article. (
27:Type of gable design
1100:Architecture portal
818:Provost's house in
354:(Quatre Montagnes).
223:Renaissance Revival
216:Stonehaven Tolbooth
113:projects above the
1556:C. Michael Hogan,
1511:Harvard University
1435:. pp. 92–112.
1308:La Maison France 5
693:Urban architecture
397:Murs-et-GĂ©lignieux
254:Rural architecture
99:crow-stepped gable
91:
79:
1627:Media related to
1454:Académie d'Amiens
1220:Hanser, David A.
1202:Holland, Michigan
1195:978-1-60497-565-9
1001:Alternative terms
290:, and enable the
288:load-bearing wall
147:, and some other
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1571:Tranter, Nigel
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1504:"Brick Gothic"
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1376:"Architecture"
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715:crenellations
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493:architecture.
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439:Farmhouse of
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85:Buildings in
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1489:
1486:"Battlement"
1480:
1471:
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1453:
1441:
1432:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1380:Les pyrenees
1379:
1370:
1364:(in French).
1356:
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1347:
1335:
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1289:
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1264:
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1015:
1012:corble steps
1011:
1005:
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920:
910:
903:
900:Construction
820:Valenciennes
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781:
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425:Bel-Air farm
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242:region), or
236:
233:Architecture
220:
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157:brick Gothic
142:
138:
132:
118:
111:parapet wall
102:
98:
94:
92:
59:
44:
1267:(in French)
1206:trapgeveled
1075:Dutch gable
1053:mǎtóu qiáng
769:Switzerland
747:Scandinavia
731:Netherlands
670:Soissonnais
660:Soissonnais
314:RhĂ´ne-Alpes
296:road worker
280:flat stones
240:Soissonnais
181:Netherlands
123:false front
103:corbie step
1644:Categories
1490:Britannica
1398:Ballenberg
1271:2024-05-30
1107:References
894:(Belgium).
878:(Belgium).
838:(Belgium).
263:Usefulness
214:, and the
199:, and the
167:, Eastern
163:, France (
149:Romanesque
1590:"Culross"
1208:) fronts.
1085:Flagstone
1030:trapgevel
1024:craw step
975:sandstone
751:Hanseatic
652:Quintigny
541:(Ariège).
525:(Ariège).
523:Couserans
509:(Ariège).
491:sheepfold
483:Couserans
412:Prémeyzel
348:Arbignieu
336:Prémeyzel
308:chauffoir
273:firebreak
129:Geography
77:, Germany
1313:France 5
1070:Pediment
1059:See also
940:flashing
923:). Then
800:Bailleul
727:Flanders
675:Flanders
465:Loisieux
320:Morestel
304:caouhadé
248:Flanders
244:Scotland
229:styles.
169:Normandy
115:roofline
75:LĂĽneburg
1531:. 2022.
1065:Cornice
979:granite
952:Leading
892:Antwerp
792:Tournai
784:Belgian
777:scrolls
761:Bavaria
735:Germany
720:merlons
707:Belgian
588:Voiteur
571:, some
479:Bigorre
441:Bel-Air
352:Vercors
324:Crémieu
189:Denmark
185:Germany
173:Picardy
161:Belgium
144:Graslei
139:Spijker
55:Discuss
1433:Persée
1394:"Jura"
1226:SCRIBD
1192:
1049:pinyin
1042:zh:馬é 牆
1020:corbie
995:veiled
945:raggle
929:cement
925:mortar
913:slates
836:Bruges
765:Alsace
741:, the
739:Poland
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421:Frangy
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399:(Ain).
384:(Ain).
369:(Ain).
292:roofer
197:Poland
193:Sweden
183:, all
177:Alsace
155:(with
87:Bruges
51:merged
1655:Roofs
1529:Folko
1507:(PDF)
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960:roans
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666:Aisne
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340:Lhuis
332:Izieu
328:Bugey
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107:gable
101:, or
1190:ISBN
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933:lead
798:and
786:and
767:and
745:and
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567:and
565:Jura
539:Ercé
507:Ercé
489:and
487:barn
322:and
284:rain
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306:or
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