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1402:, improvements to the castle's defences were ordered as a matter of priority. A scheme of new defences was proposed by Theodore Dury, although this was criticised by one Captain Obryan, who put forward his own, much more expensive, scheme. In the end a compromise was built, and was complete by 1714. The main front wall was extended outwards, to form Guardhouse Square. This had the effect of creating two defensive walls, both of which were fronted by ditches defended by covered firing galleries known as
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which were probably linked to the Great Hall. The Great
Kitchen which is now visible was constructed later, against the east wall of the castle. However, in 1689 these rooms were infilled with rubble to reinforce gun emplacements, known as the Grand Battery, which were built on top of the kitchen's vaults. Excavations in the 1920s ascertained the extent of the surviving rooms, and the vaults were reconstructed in 1929. The small building above the North Gate is traditionally said to have been a
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1164:. Many alterations were made to the Great Hall, which became an accommodation block, to the Chapel Royal, which became a lecture theatre and dining hall, to the King's Old Building, which became an infirmary and to the Royal Palace, which became the Officer's Mess. A number of new buildings were also constructed, including the prison and powder magazine, at the Nether Bailey, in 1810.
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931:, and then to France in 1548. In the 1550s, during the Regency of Mary of Guise, Anglo-French hostilities were fought out in Scotland. Artillery fortifications were added to the south approach of the castle including the 'French Spur', and these form the basis of the present Outer Defences. Guise employed an Italian military engineer called Lorenzo Pomarelli. From 1534 to 1584
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1706:. A £12 million project to recreate the grandeur of the Royal Palace reopened to the public during the weekend of 5 and 6 June 2011. The restoration of the palace and its interiors involved a decade of research and craftsmanship, and restored six royal apartments to how they would have looked in the 1540s, when this was the childhood home of
658:, within sight of the castle walls. The resulting English defeat was decisive. King Edward attempted to take refuge in the castle, but Mowbray was determined to keep to his word, and the English were forced to flee. Mowbray handed over the castle, changing sides himself in the process. King Robert ordered the castle to be
985:. A tennis court was built of timber for the king in 1576. Frequently used as a pawn in the struggles between his regents and the supporters of Mary, the young king was closely guarded. Stirling became the base for James' supporters, while those nobles who wished to see Queen Mary restored gathered at Edinburgh, under
1582:, built in the late 1470s. It includes Renaissance details, such as the intersecting tracery on the windows, within a conventional medieval plan. Inside are five fireplaces, and large side windows lighting the dais end, where the king would be seated. It is 42 by 14.25 m (137.8 by 46.8 ft) across.
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parapet, when the hall was subdivided to form barracks. Two floors and five cross-walls were inserted, and the windows were altered accordingly. As early as 1893, calls were being made for the restoration of the Great Hall, but it was not until the army left in 1965 that the opportunity arose. It was
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were built to strengthen the wall, and to provide gun emplacements. The French Spur was modified slightly to allow more cannons to be mounted. The buildings within
Guardhouse Square date from the 19th century. Outside the castle is the early 19th-century Esplanade, used as a parade ground, and now as
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lead his army of
Highlanders past Stirling on the way to Edinburgh. Following the Jacobites' retreat from England, they returned to Stirling in January 1746. The town soon surrendered, but the castle governor refused to capitulate. Artillery works were set up on Gowan Hill, but were quickly destroyed
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country; it gave the King of
England a whole year to assemble the strength of his dominions... We need not wonder, then, that Bruce was highly incensed, on hearing that, without consulting him, his brother had agreed to Mowbray's proposals." The following summer, the English duly headed north, led by
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being perhaps the most renowned. According to various reports, she has been sighted by a multitude of residents and visitors over the years. One widely circulated narrative posits that the Green Lady was a maidservant who rescued Queen Mary from a perilous situation. Many interpret the apparition of
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across the whole width of Castle Hill. At the centre is the gatehouse itself, which now stands to less than half its original height. The round towers at the outer corners rose to conical roofs, with battlements carried around the tops of the towers. These were flanked by more round towers, of which
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Beyond the North Gate, the Nether Bailey occupies the northern end of Castle Hill. Surrounded by defensive walls, the area contains a 19th-century guard house and gunpowder stores, and the modern tapestry studio. There was formerly access to the Nether Bailey from
Ballengeich to the west, until the
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On the east side of the Inner Close is the Great Hall, or
Parliament Hall. This was built by James IV following on from the completion of the King's Old Building in 1497, and was being plastered by 1503. Described as "the grandest secular building erected in Scotland in the late Middle Ages", it
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Within the
Forework is a courtyard known as the Outer Close. To the south-east are Georgian military buildings; the late 18th-century Main Guard House, and the early 19th-century Fort Major's House. The early North Gate, giving access to the Nether Bailey, contained the original castle kitchens,
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would describe
Mowbray's offer, five centuries later, as "a truce involving conditions which ought on no account to have been accepted." As Tytler noted, the effect "was to check the ardour of the Scots in that career of success, which was now rapidly leading to the complete deliverance of their
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The oldest part of the Inner Close is the King's Old
Building, located on the western side and completed around 1497. It was begun as a new residential range by James IV, and originally comprised an L-shaped building. The principal rooms were on the first floor, over cellars, and included two
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saw the
English in control of Stirling Castle by 1336, when Thomas Rokeby was the commander, and extensive works were carried out, still largely in timber rather than stone. Andrew Murray attempted a siege in 1337, when guns may have been used for one of the first times in Scotland.
1466:, survives to its full height, and is now attached to the later palace. At the east end, the Elphinstone Tower contained a kitchen and possibly an officer's lodging. It was cut down to form a gun battery, probably in the early 18th century when the Outer Defences were rebuilt.
1520:. At the southwest end of the range is a linking building, once used as kitchens, which is on a different alignment to both the King's Old Building and the adjacent Royal Palace. It has been suggested that this is an earlier 15th-century structure, dating from the reign of
1674:. The Renaissance decoration continued inside, although little has survived the building's military use, excepting the carved stone fireplaces. The ceiling of the King's Presence Chamber was originally decorated with a series of carved oak portrait roundels known as the
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or "coining house". To the west of the Outer Close, the main parts of the castle are arranged around the quadrangular Inner Close: the Royal Palace to the south, the King's Old Building on the west, the Chapel Royal to the north, and the Great Hall to the east.
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The Royal Lodgings have now been returned to something approaching their former glory. A major programme of research and re-presentation, lasting ten years and costing £12 million, was completed in summer 2011. Since January 2002, the Tapestry Studio at
1641:, who also financed part of the work, in return for land and favours from the king. Further work was carried out during the regency of Mary of Guise, and the upper floor was converted to provide an apartment for the castle governor in the 18th century.
722:, Regent of Scotland as brother of Robert III, undertook works on the north and south gates. The present north gate is built on these foundations of the 1380s, the earliest surviving masonry in the castle. In 1424, Stirling Castle was part of the
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Some of the portraits are believed to be of kings, queens or courtiers, and others are thought to show classical or Biblical figures. As with the exterior carving, similarities to German sources have been noted, and in particular to a ceiling in
1454:", than for defence, as it would have offered little protection against contemporary artillery. The entrance was via a central passage, flanked by two separate pedestrian passages. This triple arrangement was unusual in its time, and Classical
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There are two gardens within the castle, the southern one including a bowling green. Below the castle's west wall is the King's Knot, a 16th-century formal garden, now only visible as earthworks, but once including hedges and knot-patterned
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838:, but the grandest works were at Stirling, and include the King's Old Building, the Great Hall, and the Forework. He also renovated the chapel royal, one of two churches within the castle at this time, and in 1501 received approval from
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The collegiate chapel established by James IV in 1501 lay between the King's Old Building and the Great Hall, but was further south than the present building. This was the chapel in which Queen Mary was crowned in 1543. However, when
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After their departure, Stirling's role as a royal residence declined, and it became principally a military centre. It was used as a prison for persons of rank during the 17th century, and saw few visits by the monarch. The architect
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Most of the principal buildings of the castle date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. A few structures remain from the fourteenth century, while the outer defences fronting the town date from the early eighteenth century.
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invited to arbitrate between competing claimants. Edward came north in 1291, demanding that Stirling, along with the other royal castles, be put under his control during the arbitration. Edward gave judgement in favour of
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The castle esplanade, or parade ground, has been used as an open-air concert venue for several noted acts, some of whom have used Stirling Castle and the surrounding scenery to film "in concert" DVDs. These acts include
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chambers with wide open views to the west, although the interiors have been much altered. The projecting stair tower has an octagonal upper section, which was copied for a second, later stair tower on the same building.
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restored roofs and facilities of the castle for the return of James VI & I to Scotland, who stayed in Stirling during July 1617. From 1625, extensive preparations were made for the anticipated visit of the new king,
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prior to the visit of Charles I in 1633. The chapel too was later modified for military use, housing a dining room. The wall paintings were rediscovered in the 1930s, and restoration began after the Second World War.
645:. After several months, on 24 June 1313, Mowbray proposed a bargain: that he would surrender the castle, if it were not relieved within one year by the English. Edward Bruce agreed, and withdrew. Scottish historian
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tapestries, four of which are now hanging in the restored Queen's Presence Chamber in the Royal Palace. Historians studying the reign of James V believe that a similar series of Unicorn tapestries were part of the
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The castle is open to the public year-round. Stirling Castle is a popular place for tourists, and according to figures released by the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions, 609,698 people visited in 2019.
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seized the castle in 1584, but surrendered and fled to England when the King arrived with an army. They returned the following year, forcing the King to surrender, although they proclaimed their loyalty to him.
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agreed that a historically correct restoration could be achieved, and works began which were only completed in 1999. The hammerbeam roof and parapet were replaced, windows reinstated, and the outer walls were
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The Outer Defences comprise artillery fortifications, and were built in their present form in the 18th century, although some parts, including the French Spur at the east end, date back to the regency of
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571:, which would last for the next 60 years. The English found Stirling Castle abandoned and empty, and set about occupying this key site. They were dislodged the following year, after the victory of
904:. James V as monarch was said to have travelled in disguise under the name "Gudeman of Ballengeich", after the road running under the eastern wall of the castle. Ballengeich means "windy pass" in
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478:, traditionally the first King of Scotland, besieged a castle at Stirling during his takeover of the Pictish kingdom in the 9th century. Boece is, however, considered an unreliable historian.
1648:. The statues include a line of soldiers on the south parapet, and a series of full-size figures around the principal floor. These principal figures include a portrait of James V, the Devil,
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detail, it is one of the most architecturally impressive buildings in Scotland, covered with unique carved stonework. It was begun in the 1530s, and was largely complete by the late 1540s.
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609:. The Scots, under William Oliphant, surrendered on 20 July, but part of the garrison were ordered back into the castle by Edward, as he had not yet deployed his latest engine, "
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To the left of the gatehouse, and forming the south side of the Inner Close, is the Royal Palace. The first Renaissance palace in the British Isles, this was the work of King
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to the south-west of the castle, but after his capture by the English in 1174, he was forced to surrender several castles, including Stirling and Edinburgh Castle, under the
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geological formation. It is surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs, giving it a strong defensive position. Its strategic location, guarding what was, until the 1890s, the
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846:. The Forework, of which little now remains, was derived from French military architecture, although military details were added more for style than for defence. A new
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Internally, the Palace comprises two apartments, one each for the king and queen. Each has a hall, presence chamber, and bedchamber, with various small rooms known as
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Before the union with England, Stirling Castle was also one of the most used of the many Scottish royal residences, very much a palace as well as a fortress. Several
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By 1303, the English again held the upper hand, and Stirling was the last remaining castle in Scottish hands. Edward's army arrived in April 1304, with at least 17
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The architecture is French-inspired, but the decoration is German in inspiration, and sources for the statues have been found in the work of the German engraver
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and linseed oil. The gardener, George Campbell, built archery butts next to the stables in 1504. James IV played tennis at Stirling with the Spanish ambassador,
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1116:, later King James VII of Scotland and II of England, visited the castle in 1681. During this time, the castle's military role became increasingly important, a
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1395:, and was entered via a drawbridge over a ditch. Excavations in the 1970s showed that much of the original stonework remains within the 18th-century defences.
1298:, to inspect the 15th-century originals, and researched medieval weaving techniques, colour palettes and materials. The weavers worked both at the college in
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dedicated a chapel there. It appears to have been an established royal centre by this time, as Alexander died here in 1124. During the reign of his successor
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called the "great temple of Solomon", could be finished in time. The chapel, with its Italianate arched windows, was the work of the Royal Master of Works
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in May 1568, the Earl of Mar was ordered step up security at Stirling around the king and expel from the castle all but his closest friends and relatives.
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1678:, described as "among the finest examples of Scottish Renaissance wood-carving now extant". Some of the heads may have been made by a French-born carver
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805:. The architecture of these new buildings shows an eclectic mix of English, French and German influences, reflecting the international ambitions of the
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1054:, including works to the gardens and painting of the Chapel Royal. Charles did not come to Scotland until 1633, and only stayed in the castle briefly.
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James V continued and expanded his father's building programme, creating the centrepiece of the castle, the Royal Palace, built under the direction of
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908:. In 1533 a priest James Nicholson was in charge of the building fabric, and he also fed cranes, herons, peacocks, and bitterns for the king's table.
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Almost all the present buildings in the castle were constructed between 1490 and 1600, when Stirling was developed as a principal royal centre by the
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1081:, Colonel William Conyngham was obliged to surrender on 14 August. Damage done during the siege can still be seen on the church and the Great Hall.
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have been suggested as an influence. The gatehouse was dismantled gradually, and was consolidated in its present form in 1810. At each end of the
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1682:. The carvings were taken down following a ceiling collapse in 1777, and of an estimated 56 original heads, 38 survive. Most were given to the
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known as an orillon, and contained gun emplacements which protected the main spur. This projecting spur was fronted by an earth ramp called a
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Stirling remained a centre of royal administration until the death of Alexander III in 1286. His passing triggered a succession crisis, with
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The new building was erected within a year, north of the old site to improve access to the hall. There was some doubt if the chapel, which
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989:. Grange led a raid on Stirling in 1571, attempting to round up the Queen's enemies, but failed to gain control of the castle or the King.
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1136:. Government troops, under the Duke of Argyll, quickly moved to occupy the fortress, then advanced to Sheriffmuir to block Mar's way. The
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decided to come to Stirling for the birth of her first child, and James ordered the palace which was in "ruin and decay" to be repaired.
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described the statues as "the fruits of an imagination luxuriant but revolting". The west façade is undecorated and incomplete, and the
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830:, and sought to establish a palace of European standing at Stirling. He undertook building works at the royal residences of Edinburgh,
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1656:. Their arrangement on the north, east and south faces of the Palace has been interpreted in relation to the quarters of the heavens.
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588:
690:"inforsyt it grettumly, for riche he was and full mychty" (enforced it greatly, for rich he was and full mighty). In 1360, Robert de
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892:. His successor, James V (reigned 1513–1542), was crowned in the chapel royal, and grew up in the castle under the guardianship of
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was appointed governor of Stirling Castle, an office he passed on to his son John and grandson William, who was governor in 1399.
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1524:. Excavations within this building in 1998 revealed burials, suggesting that this may have been the site of a church or chapel.
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958:. Darnley was already estranged from the Queen and did not attend although he was resident at the castle. James' guardian, the
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493:, although it is now thought that the legend of Monenna results from a later confusion of early Christian figures, including
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Other legends have been associated with Stirling, or "Snowdoun" as it was more poetically known. The 16th-century historian
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1061:, and he became the last reigning monarch to stay here, living at the castle in 1650. The Royalist forces were defeated at
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are located in the King's Old Building. The museum closed for refurbishment on 31 August 2018 and reopened in June 2021.
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of Charles II, the Earl of Mar was restored as governor, and the castle was frequently used as a prison, housing several
1028:, the chapel completed the quadrangle of the Inner Close. Like his predecessors Henry spent his childhood here under the
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The north gate of the castle, at the lower left, is probably the oldest part of the castle, dating partly from the 1380s.
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Vajira Premadasa & Michael Pearce, "Digital Visualisation and Design Development in Historic Building Projects",
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only traces now remain, and mirrored by further rounds at the rear of the gatehouse. The overall design, as drawn by
962:, was made hereditary governor of the castle in 1566. Mary was travelling from Stirling when she was abducted by the
769:(reigned 1460–1488) was born here, and later undertook works to the gardens and the chapel royal. The manufacture of
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was deprived of the governorship, as well as the post of Scottish Secretary. In response, he raised the standard of
966:, beginning the chain of events that led to her forced abdication and her flight to England. When Mary escaped from
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It was worked on by a number of English craftsmen, and incorporates some English design ideas, being comparable to
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laid siege to the castle on 6 August 1651, erecting gun platforms in the adjacent churchyard. After the garrison
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and masons brought from France. James V also died young, leaving unfinished work to be completed by his widow,
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617:, which destroyed the castle's gatehouse. Although Edward's victory seemed complete, he was dead by 1307, and
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753:. The Burgundian knights were the victors. In 1452, it was at Stirling Castle that James stabbed and killed
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in 1189. Stirling continued to be a favoured royal residence, with William himself dying there in 1214, and
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435:, and has also been identified with a settlement recorded in the 7th and 8th centuries as Iudeu, where King
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2010 video Historic Scotland overview of the Stirling Palace project narrated by archaeologist Peter Yeoman
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Pearce, Michael (2018). "A French Furniture Maker and the 'Courtly Style' in Sixteenth-Century Scotland".
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thirty years later. However, there is no archaeological evidence for occupation of Castle Hill before the
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528:. There is no evidence that the English actually occupied the castle, and it was formally handed back by
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in April 1578, after his son was fatally wounded during a struggle at the gate. The rebellious Earls of
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being built in the castle gardens, and a formal garrison installed from 1685. At the accession of King
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Next summer, the castle changed hands again, being abandoned by the Scots after the English victory at
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1690:, Edinburgh. Another two are on display in the Thieves Pot, a preserved 16th-century jail within the
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1889:. The surviving octagonal earthwork mount was the work of the gardener William Watts and architect
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Castle dates from at least early 12th century, present buildings mostly built between 1490 and 1600
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curtain wall was a rectangular tower. The west tower, known as the Prince's Tower, probably after
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1406:. One of the caponiers survives and is accessible from Guardhouse Square by a narrow staircase.
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2010 Video showing re-instatement decoration in the Queen's audience chamber of Stirling Palace
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The gatehouse providing entry from the outer defences to the castle proper was erected by King
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Like the Linlithgow structure, the Forework was probably intended more for show, evoking the "
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of 1603, when his father succeeded as King of England and the royal family left for London.
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Queen Mary returned to Scotland in 1561, and visited Stirling Castle frequently. She nursed
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in the chapel royal on 9 September 1543. She too was brought up here, until she was sent to
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The building works begun by James IV had not been completed at the time of his death at the
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kept an alchemist called Caldwell maintaining a furnace for "quinta essencia", the mythical
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Lynch, Michael, 'Queen Mary's Triumph: the Baptismal Celebrations at Stirling in 1566,' in
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retreated into the castle. However, they were quickly starved into surrender by the Scots.
489:. Tradition suggests that St Monenna founded a chapel here, as she is said to have done at
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Atti e memorie delle RR. Deputazioni di storia patria per le provincie Modenesi e Parmensi
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583:. Many of the garrison were killed during the battle, after which the English commanders
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to escape from the castle during its use as a military prison in the Second World War.
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An illustration of Stirling Castle features on the reverse side of a current series of
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1449, which included a combat between two teams of three, led by the Burgundian knight
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2602:
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2104:
1855:
1575:
1384:
1295:
1287:
1025:
1020:
was born in the castle in 1594, and the present Chapel Royal was constructed for his
997:
955:
916:
878:
622:
420:
409:
397:
342:
330:
326:
1909:
1614:
1422:
1246:
4897:
4857:
2108:
1843:
was born in 1594, it was decided to rebuild the chapel as a suitable venue for the
1549:
1459:
691:
654:, to save the castle. On 23 June 1314, King Robert's forces met the English at the
638:
606:
572:
561:
494:
463:
4582:
Shire, Helena M (1996). "The King in his House". In Williams, Janet Hadley (ed.).
1988:, Germany, the castle was used to film the exterior shots for the 1970s TV series
1096:
900:
brought 7,000 men to Stirling to wrest control of the young king from his mother,
598:. Edward strengthened the castle, but it was besieged in 1299 by forces including
564:, hoping he would be a "puppet" ruler, but John refused to obey Edward's demands.
2834:
2638:
2114:
1686:
in Stirling but now these are preserved in the castle, and three more are in the
777:, died in Stirling Castle in 1486, and two years later James himself died at the
4907:
4840:
4505:
3245:
1935:
1931:
1590:
1564:
1476:
1443:
in 1693, shows French influence, and has parallels with the forework erected at
1440:
1299:
1269:
1175:
In 1873 a system of recruiting areas based on counties was instituted under the
1089:
874:
513:
486:
338:
299:
4671:
2011 Video – Historic Scotland artistic overview of the Stirling Palace project
3727:
3052:
544:
17:
4867:
4850:
4679:
4661:
3825:
2158:
2015:
the Green Lady as a portent of impending danger, often in the form of a fire.
1649:
1265:
1169:
1157:
1109:
847:
412:". It is likely that this natural feature was occupied at an early date, as a
405:
2607:. Vol. III. Edinburgh: HM General Register House. pp. lxxxvi, 379.
942:, through an illness here in 1565, and the two were soon married. Their son,
158:
145:
4872:
4094:
2440:
2007:
1927:
865:
is based on facts, the castle walls may have been the site of an attempt at
770:
737:
After James' murder in 1437, Joan took shelter here with her son, the young
718:(reigned 1390–1406), the earliest surviving parts of the castle were built.
659:
614:
602:. King Edward failed to relieve the garrison, who were forced to surrender.
413:
314:, is one of the largest and most historically and architecturally important
4719:
2378:
2273:"The largest trebuchet ever built: Warwolf in the Siege of Stirling Castle"
950:. The celebrations included fireworks, an assault on a mock castle, and a
682:, the future King Robert II, retook Stirling in a siege during 1341–1342.
4815:
2011:
1943:
1894:
1886:
1595:
1512:
In 1855, the north end of the building burned down, and was rebuilt in a
1451:
1410:
1403:
1302:, and at a studio at Stirling Castle. The project was completed in 2015.
1161:
723:
444:
319:
311:
3833:
757:, when the latter refused to end a potentially treasonous alliance with
4683:
4674:
4665:
4039:"Scottish museum to re-open to public after multi-million pound revamp"
2587:. Glasgow: Association for Scottish Literary Studies. pp. 295–296.
1873:
1388:
827:
610:
498:
428:
1710:, The project involved the recreation of seven hand-woven tapestries.
826:
James IV (reigned 1488–1513) kept a full Renaissance court, including
504:
The first record of Stirling Castle dates from around 1110, when King
4709:
4326:
3684:
3682:
1985:
1939:
1919:
1703:
1671:
1078:
951:
315:
4008:"Facebook – The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Museum"
2119:(14th ed.). Archibald Constable & Co. pp. 292 and 438.
641:, the king's brother, laid siege to Stirling, which was held by Sir
4651:
2227:
Scottish Kings – A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005–1625
3981:
3130:
1956:
1908:
1790:
1699:
1613:
1605:
1495:
1421:
1095:
1083:
811:
701:
664:
543:
424:
396:
Castle Hill, on which Stirling Castle is built, forms part of the
4179:
Scottish Pride: 101 Reasons to Be Proud of Your Scottish Heritage
662:; its defences destroyed to prevent reoccupation by the English.
404:
around 350 million years old, which was subsequently modified by
4330:
1579:
1057:
Following the execution of Charles I, the Scots crowned his son
448:
4723:
4286:
Lacunar Strevelinense, A Collection of Heads in Stirling Castle
3246:"Stirling – 'The Prospect of their Ma'ties Castle of Sterling'"
2983:. Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006
1610:
East façade of the Royal Palace with Renaissance-period statues
3481:
2103:
in the 15th century, and the name was later used in poetry by
1195:, the 91st (Argyllshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot and the
375:
unsuccessfully tried to take the castle. Stirling Castle is a
1876:
was blocked in response to the threat of Jacobite rebellion.
1667:
noted in 1625 that the building was "schote over the craig".
1363:
The French Spur, part of the outer defences, looking eastward
4688:
973:
The young King James was crowned in July 1567 in the nearby
3956:
An Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland
3657:"Doors open after £12m Stirling Castle Royal Palace revamp"
3478:"Doors open after £12m Stirling Castle royal palace revamp"
3053:"Sussex art historian to launch London tapestry exhibition"
2585:
The Poems of William Dunbar: Volume 2, Notes and Commentary
2350:
Anderson, Rev. John (1911). Balfour Paul, Sir James (ed.).
1387:
in the 1550s. The French Spur was originally an ear-shaped
1140:
was inconclusive, but the rising was effectively over. The
734:, establishing a tradition which later monarchs continued.
3690:"Magnificent Tapestries arrive in Stirling's Royal Palace"
3019:. regiments.org. Archived from the original on 24 May 2006
1893:
in 1629. The gardens were built on the site of a medieval
1734:
All 37 heads of the restored ceiling of the King's Chamber
1637:
The Master of Works, until his execution in 1540, was Sir
516:, and the castle an important administration centre. King
3651:
3649:
3079:"Ancient unicorn tapestries recreated at Stirling Castle"
536:
laying out the New Park, for deer hunting, in the 1260s.
431:
at this time. It may later have been a stronghold of the
3880:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 377: Laing, David, ed.,
3741:""Rare Shewes, the Stirling Baptism of Prince Henry" in
1977:, with Robert the Bruce on horseback in the foreground.
4657:
Stirling Palace – research in 2008 by Historic Scotland
4487:
Rebirth of a Palace: The Royal Court at Stirling Castle
1092:
in 1693, and showing James IV's now-demolished Forework
4972:
Category A listed buildings in Stirling (council area)
1901:, in imitation of the legendary court of King Arthur.
485:, associated Stirling with the court of the legendary
2356:. Vol. 8. Edinburgh: David Douglas. p. 256.
977:, and grew up within the castle walls in the care of
451:
control after the defeat of the Northumbrians at the
4257:
Ghosts: The Truth Behind History's Spookiest Spirits
2873:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1613–1616
427:
instead, but the rock may have been occupied by the
4918:
4803:
4757:
4295:
Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland
4095:"ALVA – Association of Leading Visitor Attractions"
3612:. The Words of the Lost Penguin. 22 December 2009.
416:is located on Gowan Hill, immediately to the east.
292:
280:
275:
260:
252:
233:
225:
220:
210:
196:
191:
174:
137:
41:
4611:
3807:"The 'Great Temple of Solomon' at Stirling Castle"
2898:
2836:Historical Dictionary of Stuart England, 1603–1689
1426:The Forework, entry to the main part of the castle
4997:Historic house museums in Stirling (council area)
1618:The Royal Palace and the Queen Anne walled garden
923:, was brought to Stirling Castle for safety, and
686:was appointed as its keeper, who in the words of
669:Mowbray refuses to let Edward II into the castle.
4431:Glendinning, Miles; MacKechnie, Aonghus (2004).
3037:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3017:"93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot"
3001:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2151:Farmer, David Hugh (14 April 2011). "Modwenna".
1567:-influenced royal architecture in that country.
1305:Stirling Castle remains the headquarters of the
869:, c.1509, by the Italian alchemist and abbot of
861:If a satirical account in two poems by the poet
773:in the castle is recorded in 1475. James' wife,
567:In 1296, Edward invaded Scotland, beginning the
4652:Stirling Castle – Historic Environment Scotland
4452:"The Royal Court and the Community of Stirling"
4230:"VisitScotland launches Scotland's Ghost Trail"
3189:
3187:
2833:Fritze, Ronald H.; Robison, William B. (1996).
2604:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
2373:. Indianapolis: W. B. Burford. pp. 27–29.
2010:exist in relation to Stirling Castle, with the
1589:was removed in 1800, along with the decorative
1189:91st (Argyllshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot
981:and under the tutelage of the humanist scholar
360:, in 1542, and others were born or died there.
5032:Tourist attractions in Stirling (council area)
5012:Scottish parliamentary locations and buildings
4127:. The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers.
2419:Chivalry and Knighthood in Scotland, 1424–1513
1197:93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot
1153:, the Jacobites withdrew north on 1 February.
4735:
1961:Castle gardens in front of the Prince's Tower
379:, and is now a tourist attraction managed by
8:
4696:, early images of Stirling Castle (archived)
4408:Gifford, John; Walker, Frank Arneil (2002).
3984:. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Museum.
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3154:
3152:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2883:
2881:
2716:
2714:
2403:
2401:
2336:
2334:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2237:
2235:
2188:. London: The British Topographical Society.
1994:, a drama about the many attempts of Allied
1858:. The interior was decorated by the painter
1240:The restored fireplace in the King's Chamber
613:". Warwolf is believed to have been a large
5022:Buildings and structures in Stirling (city)
4603:Stirling Castle, its place in Scots history
4517:"The Stirling Heads and The Stirling Smith"
3313:
3311:
2733:, vol. 69, 1, no.187 (April 1990), pp. 1–21
2077:
2075:
2073:
1652:, and representations of Venus and several
1555:The interior of the Great Hall facing north
4742:
4728:
4720:
4125:"Current Banknotes : Clydesdale Bank"
3805:Campbell, Ian; Mackenzie, Aonghus (2011).
3337:"Stirling Castle: the King's Old Building"
2765:HMC Manuscripts of Earls of Mar and Kellie
2664:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1905), pp. 96–7, 206.
2528:
2526:
2478:"Historic Scotland / Kirkdale Archaeology"
2475:Detailed research on the 1540 palace from
1409:To the rear of the walls, chambers called
1228:tapestries in the Queen's Presence Chamber
1069:, and the King marched south to defeat at
38:
3570:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
3392:
3390:
1659:The 19th-century architectural historian
1149:by the castle's guns. Despite victory at
356:have been crowned at Stirling, including
5007:Reportedly haunted locations in Scotland
4153:. Colditz the TV Series. November 2011.
3371:
3369:
3367:
2691:Amadio Ronchini, 'Lorenzo Pomarelli' in
2258:
2256:
1504:stained glass in the King's Old Building
1203:with its depot in the barracks in 1881.
741:. He hosted a tournament at Stirling on
4987:Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Stirling
4952:12th-century establishments in Scotland
3055:. University of Sussex. 16 April 2013.
2875:, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1891), pp. 517–8.
2640:Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland
2185:History of the Chapel Royal of Scotland
2051:
763:Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford
345:in the region from the earliest times.
112:
79:
3962:from the original on 14 September 2010
3137:from the original on 10 September 2016
3030:
2994:
2484:from the original on 24 September 2015
1942:. The esplanade also hosts the city's
1156:From 1800 the Castle was owned by the
423:bypassed Stirling, building a fort at
30:For ships named after the castle, see
4689:The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
4075:from the original on 8 September 2012
3919:from the original on 22 November 2017
3523:from the original on 22 November 2017
3488:from the original on 5 September 2018
3133:. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
2706:Register of the Privy Seal: 1581–1584
2571:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland
2542:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland
2128:
2126:
1516:style by the architect and historian
92:Location within Stirling council area
7:
5017:Renaissance architecture in Scotland
4706:Stirling Castle in Black & White
3751:from the original on 1 December 2017
3700:from the original on 11 January 2012
3085:from the original on 8 November 2016
2897:Goodwin, Stephen (30 January 1999).
2853:from the original on 20 October 2017
2823:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 245.
2780:, vol. 13 (Edinburgh, 1978), p. 131.
2778:Accounts of the Treasurer: 1574–1580
2662:Accounts of the Treasurer: 1531–1538
2637:Black, Adam; Black, Charles (1861).
2558:Accounts of the Treasurer: 1500–1504
2036:Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
1543:The Great Hall following restoration
1272:has been working on a recreation of
749:and James Douglas, a brother of the
371:, with the last being in 1746, when
4554:(2nd ed.). Sutton Publishing.
4393:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
4371:. B.T. Batsford/Historic Scotland.
4254:Felix, Rebecca (21 December 2015).
4131:from the original on 3 October 2008
3893:Glendinning & McKechnie, p. 68.
3743:Journal of the Northern Renaissance
3610:"Thieves Pot and Bastion, Stirling"
2746:, vol. 3 (London, 1843), pp. 16–17.
2708:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1982), p. 349.
2583:Bawcutt, Priscilla Bawcutt (1998).
2573:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 386.
2560:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 448.
2544:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 277.
1400:attempted Jacobite invasion of 1708
1347:Aerial view of the interior castle
1317:is also located within the castle.
675:second War of Scottish Independence
673:The war was not over, however. The
4967:Castles in Stirling (council area)
4586:. Tuckwell Press. pp. 62–96.
4524:The Forth Naturalist and Historian
4459:The Forth Naturalist and Historian
4293:Billings, Robert Williams (1852).
4105:from the original on 13 April 2015
2283:from the original on 26 March 2020
2099:Stirling was called "Snowdoun" by
1795:An original Stirling Head, James V
1414:a car park and performance space.
819:, builder of the Royal Palace, by
637:castles were held by the English.
25:
4618:. BT Batsford/Historic Scotland.
4297:. Vol. 4. Oliver & Boyd.
4157:from the original on 16 June 2018
4049:from the original on 28 June 2021
3988:from the original on 16 June 2018
3851:from the original on 8 March 2022
3777:from the original on 20 July 2018
3739:Bath, Michael (18 January 2013).
3616:from the original on 17 July 2018
3449:from the original on 15 June 2018
3343:from the original on 17 July 2018
3339:. Historic Environment Scotland.
3296:from the original on 16 June 2018
3201:from the original on 15 June 2018
3111:from the original on 17 June 2016
3059:from the original on 17 July 2018
2821:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
2367:Jeffries, Jennie Forsyth (1920).
1980:Due to its similar appearance to
1952:Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1307:Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1201:Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
271:(1296–1357); sieges in 1651, 1746
4018:from the original on 8 June 2022
3667:from the original on 4 June 2011
3252:from the original on 8 June 2022
2911:from the original on 25 May 2022
1820:
1808:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1727:
1563:represents the first example of
1548:
1536:
1368:
1356:
1334:
1245:
1233:
1215:
1185:72nd (Highland) Regiment of Foot
979:Annabell Murray, Countess of Mar
935:was in charge of the artillery.
720:Robert Stewart, Earl of Menteith
111:
104:
78:
71:
54:
32:Stirling Castle (disambiguation)
5027:Tourist attractions in Scotland
4037:Hannan, Martin (28 June 2021).
3941:(Edinburgh, 2015), pp. 178–182.
2767:, vol. 2 (London, 1930), p. 28.
2695:(Modena, 1868), pp. 264–5, 271.
2370:A History of the Forsyth Family
2154:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
726:(marriage settlement) given to
474:, fortified Stirling, and that
367:, including several during the
363:There have been at least eight
287:James Erskine, 14th Earl of Mar
5002:Regimental museums in Scotland
2839:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2225:Dunbar, Sir Archibald H.,Bt.,
1132:, the "Old Pretender", in the
948:baptised here in December 1566
710:Under the early Stewart kings
60:Aerial view of Stirling Castle
1:
4992:Wars of Scottish Independence
4700:Video view of Stirling Castle
4641:Historic Environment Scotland
4605:(2nd ed.). Eneas Mackay.
3572:, vol. 13, Edinburgh, p. 708.
2090:Gifford & Walker, p.42–43
1950:and Home Headquarters of the
1313:in Edinburgh since 2014. The
1126:John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar
996:was ejected by supporters of
913:Sir James Hamilton of Finnart
569:Wars of Scottish Independence
381:Historic Environment Scotland
369:Wars of Scottish Independence
269:Wars of Scottish Independence
201:Historic Environment Scotland
4982:Royal residences in Scotland
4715:360° tour can be found here.
1827:The interior of Chapel Royal
1491:
1286:The team of weavers visited
1179:and the barracks became the
877:. The Captain of the Castle
755:William, 8th Earl of Douglas
447:in 655. The area came under
335:farthest downstream crossing
4957:12th-century fortifications
4645:"Stirling Castle (SM90291)"
4507:Scotland's Stewart Monarchs
3952:"King's Knot: Site History"
2802:, John Donald (2003), p.57.
2319:(William Tait, 1845) p. 270
2041:List of castles in Scotland
2025:Governor of Stirling Castle
1688:National Museum of Scotland
987:William Kirkcaldy of Grange
842:for the establishment of a
759:John of Islay, Earl of Ross
341:, has made it an important
5068:
4977:Listed castles in Scotland
4702:on ScotlandonTV (archived)
4485:Harrison, John G. (2011).
4450:Harrison, John G. (2007).
3884:(Edinburgh, 1858), p. 107.
3590:Pearce (2018), pp. 129–30.
2731:Scottish Historical Review
2532:Gifford & Walker, p.45
1626:. With its combination of
1292:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1088:Stirling Castle, drawn by
994:Alexander Erskine of Gogar
992:The keeper of the Castle,
940:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
625:. By 1313, only Stirling,
549:Statue of Robert the Bruce
377:Scheduled Ancient Monument
329:, which forms part of the
322:. The castle sits atop an
125:Stirling Castle (Scotland)
29:
4601:Stair-Kerr, Eric (1928).
4367:Fawcett, Richard (1995).
3915:. Undiscovered Scotland.
3826:10.1017/S0066622X00004019
3773:. Undiscovered Scotland.
3519:. Undiscovered Scotland.
3506:Dunbar (1999), pp.50, 221
3445:. Undiscovered Scotland.
3292:. Undiscovered Scotland.
3197:. Undiscovered Scotland.
2417:Stevenson, Katie (2006).
2229:, Edinburgh, 1899: p. 116
1665:Privy Council of Scotland
1639:James Hamilton of Finnart
1464:Henry, Prince of Scotland
1168:visited in 1842, and the
581:Battle of Stirling Bridge
365:sieges of Stirling Castle
354:Scottish Kings and Queens
298:Hereditary office of the
65:
53:
46:
4751:British royal residences
4610:Tabraham, Chris (1997).
4550:McKean, Charles (2004).
4302:Cruden, Stewart (1981).
4176:Duncan, Heather (2004).
3882:Letters of John Colville
3728:10.14236/ewic/EVA2013.36
3105:"Armed Forces: location"
2776:Charles Thorpe McInnes,
2755:Fraser 1994, pp. 314–317
2742:Strickland, Agnes, ed.,
2645:Adam & Charles Black
2425:. pp. 52–3, 72–66.
2182:Rogers, Charles (1882).
1692:Thistles Shopping Centre
1628:Renaissance architecture
1199:amalgamated to form the
714:(reigned 1371–1390) and
468:Historia Gentis Scotorum
4926:Former royal residences
4584:Stewart Style 1513–1542
4530:: 51–60. Archived from
4504:Higgins, James (2020).
4465:: 29–50. Archived from
4435:. Thames & Hudson.
3982:"Welcome to the museum"
3939:Scotland's Lost Gardens
3861:(subscription required)
2744:Letters of Mary Stewart
2599:Paul, Sir James Balfour
2315:Patrick Fraser Tytler,
1913:Stirling Castle in 2017
1518:Robert William Billings
1275:The Hunt of the Unicorn
1225:The Hunt of the Unicorn
1142:Jacobite rising of 1745
1134:Jacobite rising of 1715
1100:Stirling Castle in 1900
975:Church of the Holy Rude
919:. His infant daughter,
551:on the castle esplanade
470:that the Romans, under
4931:Historic Royal Palaces
4515:King, Elspeth (2007).
4350:Scottish Royal Palaces
2113:Scott, Walter (1825).
1962:
1914:
1796:
1619:
1611:
1505:
1427:
1101:
1093:
823:
707:
670:
552:
453:Battle of Dun Nechtain
265:Sieges and occupations
4489:. Historic Scotland.
4433:Scottish Architecture
4414:Buildings of Scotland
4348:Dunbar, John (1999).
4321:Dunbar, John (1975).
3958:. Historic Scotland.
3902:Fawcett, pp. 79, 109.
3814:Architectural History
3722:(2013), pp. 173–180.
3643:Dunbar (1975), p. 26.
3581:Dunbar (1975), p. 21.
3248:. Slezer's Scotland.
3081:. BBC. 23 June 2015.
2800:Scotland under Morton
2385:on 15 September 2010.
2030:Banknotes of Scotland
2006:Numerous accounts of
1960:
1912:
1794:
1630:, and exuberant late-
1617:
1609:
1499:
1425:
1146:Charles Edward Stuart
1138:Battle of Sheriffmuir
1114:James, Duke of Albany
1099:
1087:
815:
779:Battle of Sauchieburn
705:
668:
656:Battle of Bannockburn
647:Patrick Fraser Tytler
547:
373:Bonnie Prince Charlie
237:Significant works by
5052:Mary, Queen of Scots
4885:Thatched House Lodge
4694:Clan Stirling Online
4552:The Scottish Chateau
4537:on 24 September 2015
4472:on 24 September 2015
4288:. William Blackwood.
3634:Dunbar (1975), p. 2.
3599:King, (2007), p. 56.
3568:Masson, David, ed.,
3270:Fawcett, pp.100, 104
2328:Stair-Kerr, pp.31–33
2116:The Lady of the Lake
2111:, among others. See
2032:(featured on design)
1252:Replica of a bedroom
1024:. Probably built by
1022:baptism on 30 August
921:Mary, Queen of Scots
867:human-powered flight
540:Wars of Independence
530:Richard I of England
512:, Stirling became a
481:Another chronicler,
358:Mary, Queen of Scots
276:Garrison information
159:56.12389°N 3.94778°W
128:Show map of Scotland
95:Show map of Stirling
4775:Hillsborough Castle
4391:Mary Queen of Scots
4304:The Scottish Castle
3661:BBC News (Scotland)
3384:Dunbar (1999), p.47
3317:Dunbar (1999), p.41
2647:. pp. 180–181.
2317:History of Scotland
1897:arena known as the
1708:Mary Queen of Scots
1492:King's Old Building
1034:Union of the Crowns
775:Margaret of Denmark
557:Edward I of England
205:Ministry of Defence
155: /
48:Stirling, Scotland
4846:Nottingham Cottage
4837:Kensington Palace
4614:Scotland's Castles
4571:Regional Furniture
4352:. Tuckwell Press.
4323:The Stirling Heads
4284:Anonymous (1817).
4204:"Haunted Scotland"
4071:. British Castle.
2704:Gordon Donaldson,
2658:James Balfour Paul
2554:James Balfour Paul
2279:. 9 October 2019.
1963:
1946:celebrations. The
1924:Ocean Colour Scene
1915:
1797:
1620:
1612:
1506:
1428:
1222:Replica of one of
1102:
1094:
844:college of priests
824:
785:Renaissance palace
747:Jacques de Lalaing
708:
671:
553:
256:Still in use today
164:56.12389; -3.94778
27:Castle in Scotland
4939:
4938:
4863:Sandringham House
4790:St James's Palace
4785:Kensington Palace
4765:Buckingham Palace
4496:978-1-84917-055-0
4400:978-0-297-17773-9
4267:978-1-5157-3068-2
4189:978-0-8065-2552-5
4182:. Citadel Press.
4069:"Stirling Castle"
3694:Historic Scotland
3326:Fawcett, pp.36–37
3290:"The Outer Close"
3107:. UK Parliament.
2981:"Training Depots"
2970:Stair-Kerr, p.132
2961:Stair-Kerr, p.131
2938:Stair-Kerr, p.118
2846:978-0-313-28391-8
2682:Fawcett, pp.65–66
2643:(15th ed.).
2627:Fawcett, pp.53–54
2614:978-0-11-490488-3
2520:Fawcett, pp.46–47
2432:978-1-84383-192-1
2353:The Scots Peerage
2168:978-0-19-959660-7
2132:Stair-Kerr, p.2–3
2101:William Worcester
1948:Regimental Museum
1654:planetary deities
1445:Linlithgow Palace
1315:regimental museum
1262:West Dean College
1207:Twentieth century
1040:Military fortress
1012:In December 1593
929:Inchmahome Priory
890:Battle of Flodden
885:, at the castle.
850:was painted with
840:Pope Alexander VI
821:Corneille de Lyon
688:Andrew of Wyntoun
585:William FitzWarin
526:Treaty of Falaise
483:William Worcester
400:, a formation of
305:
304:
16:(Redirected from
5059:
4903:Frogmore Cottage
4893:Adelaide Cottage
4744:
4737:
4730:
4721:
4648:
4629:
4617:
4606:
4597:
4578:
4565:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4536:
4521:
4511:
4500:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4471:
4456:
4446:
4427:
4410:Central Scotland
4404:
4382:
4363:
4344:
4317:
4298:
4289:
4272:
4271:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3948:
3942:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3885:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3811:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3736:
3730:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3663:. 6 April 2011.
3653:
3644:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3443:"The Great Hall"
3439:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3385:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3220:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3195:"Outer defences"
3191:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3159:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2939:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2902:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2798:Hewitt, George,
2796:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2569:Thomas Dickson,
2567:
2561:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2473:
2467:
2466:, (1958), 36–44.
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2381:. Archived from
2364:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2230:
2223:
2217:
2216:Stair-Kerr, p.16
2214:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2157:(5th ed.).
2148:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2109:Sir Walter Scott
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
1860:Valentine Jenkin
1824:
1815:The Chapel Royal
1812:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1731:
1552:
1540:
1500:The arms of the
1456:triumphal arches
1372:
1360:
1338:
1311:Redford Barracks
1281:royal collection
1249:
1237:
1219:
1193:Childers Reforms
1191:. Following the
1177:Cardwell Reforms
968:Lochleven Castle
964:Earl of Bothwell
933:Michael Gardiner
589:Marmaduke Thweng
491:Edinburgh Castle
476:Kenneth MacAlpin
192:Site information
187:
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
129:
115:
114:
108:
96:
82:
81:
75:
58:
49:
39:
21:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5056:
4962:Stirling Castle
4942:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4914:
4833:Highgrove House
4821:Craigowan Lodge
4811:Balmoral Castle
4799:
4780:Holyrood Palace
4753:
4748:
4639:
4636:
4626:
4609:
4600:
4594:
4581:
4568:
4562:
4549:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4519:
4514:
4503:
4497:
4484:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4430:
4424:
4407:
4401:
4387:Fraser, Antonia
4385:
4379:
4369:Stirling Castle
4366:
4360:
4347:
4341:
4320:
4314:
4301:
4292:
4283:
4280:
4275:
4268:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3937:Marilyn Brown,
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3913:"Nether Bailey"
3911:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3872:
3868:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3795:Fawcett, p. 73.
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3696:. 20 May 2011.
3688:
3687:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:Shire, pp.76–79
3549:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3489:
3484:. 4 June 2011.
3476:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3162:
3157:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3010:
2993:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2905:The Independent
2896:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2847:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2741:
2737:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2656:
2652:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2433:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2141:Stair-Kerr, p.4
2140:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2112:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2021:
2004:
1975:Clydesdale Bank
1907:
1882:
1869:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1772:A Roman Emperor
1770:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1684:Smith Institute
1680:Andrew Mansioun
1604:
1587:hammerbeam roof
1560:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1530:
1502:Earl of Douglas
1494:
1472:
1452:age of chivalry
1420:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1323:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1209:
1170:Prince of Wales
1118:powder magazine
1106:The Restoration
1067:Oliver Cromwell
1042:
1030:2nd Earl of Mar
1014:Anne of Denmark
983:George Buchanan
896:. In 1515, the
807:Stewart dynasty
787:
751:Earl of Douglas
700:
577:William Wallace
542:
437:Penda of Mercia
402:quartz-dolerite
394:
389:
308:Stirling Castle
294:
282:
213:the public
212:
203:
183:
163:
161:
157:
154:
149:
146:
144:
142:
141:
133:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:Stirling Castle
116:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:
88:
87:
86:Stirling Castle
83:
61:
47:
42:Stirling Castle
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Sterling Castle
15:
12:
11:
5:
5065:
5063:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5047:James VI and I
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4860:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4795:Windsor Castle
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4770:Clarence House
4767:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4635:
4634:External links
4632:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4607:
4598:
4592:
4579:
4566:
4560:
4547:
4512:
4501:
4495:
4482:
4447:
4441:
4428:
4422:
4405:
4399:
4383:
4377:
4364:
4358:
4345:
4339:
4318:
4312:
4299:
4290:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4246:
4221:
4210:. October 2017
4208:HeraldScotland
4195:
4188:
4168:
4142:
4116:
4086:
4060:
4029:
3999:
3973:
3943:
3930:
3904:
3895:
3886:
3874:Cameron, Annie
3866:
3797:
3788:
3771:"Chapel Royal"
3762:
3745:, no.4 (2012)"
3731:
3711:
3678:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3508:
3499:
3469:
3460:
3434:
3432:Fawcett, p.110
3425:
3423:Fawcett, p.109
3416:
3414:Fawcett, p.103
3407:
3398:
3386:
3377:
3363:
3361:Fawcett, p.107
3354:
3328:
3319:
3307:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3237:
3221:
3219:Fawcett, p.104
3212:
3183:
3174:
3160:
3148:
3122:
3096:
3070:
3044:
3008:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2889:
2877:
2871:David Masson,
2864:
2845:
2825:
2813:
2804:
2791:
2782:
2769:
2757:
2748:
2735:
2722:
2710:
2697:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2650:
2629:
2620:
2613:
2601:, ed. (1901).
2590:
2575:
2562:
2546:
2534:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2468:
2462:Mackie, R.L.,
2455:
2446:
2431:
2421:. Woodbridge:
2409:
2397:
2388:
2359:
2342:
2330:
2321:
2308:
2294:
2264:
2262:Tabraham, p.49
2252:
2243:
2231:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2174:
2167:
2143:
2134:
2122:
2092:
2083:
2069:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2003:
2000:
1982:Colditz Castle
1973:issued by the
1906:
1903:
1881:
1878:
1868:
1865:
1839:'s first son,
1826:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1783:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:Stirling heads
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:Stirling heads
1712:
1676:Stirling Heads
1661:R. W. Billings
1646:Hans Burgkmair
1603:
1600:
1554:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1493:
1490:
1471:
1468:
1419:
1416:
1398:Following the
1374:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:Outer defences
1324:
1322:
1319:
1290:, part of the
1251:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1166:Queen Victoria
1041:
1038:
902:Margaret Tudor
863:William Dunbar
856:Pedro de Ayala
786:
783:
743:Shrove Tuesday
699:
698:Early Stewarts
696:
684:Maurice Murray
680:Robert Stewart
643:Philip Mowbray
541:
538:
466:claims in his
439:besieged King
433:Manaw Gododdin
393:
390:
388:
385:
303:
302:
296:
290:
289:
284:
278:
277:
273:
272:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
218:
217:
214:
208:
207:
198:
194:
193:
189:
188:
181:grid reference
178:
176:Grid reference
172:
171:
139:
135:
134:
124:
118:
117:
110:
109:
103:
102:
101:
100:
91:
85:
84:
77:
76:
70:
69:
68:
67:
66:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5064:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4828:Gatcombe Park
4826:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4625:0-7134-7965-5
4621:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4593:1-898410-82-8
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4561:0-7509-3527-8
4557:
4553:
4548:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4442:0-500-20374-1
4438:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4423:0-300-09594-5
4419:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4378:0-7134-7623-0
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4359:1-86232-042-X
4355:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4340:0-11-491310-2
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4313:0-7157-2088-0
4309:
4306:. Spurbooks.
4305:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4250:
4247:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4172:
4169:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3559:Billings, p.3
3556:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3405:Fawcett, p.41
3402:
3399:
3396:Cruden, p.146
3393:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3375:Fawcett, p.39
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3279:Fawcett, p.44
3276:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3235:Fawcett, p.50
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3181:Fawcett, p.92
3178:
3175:
3172:Fawcett, p.88
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3158:Fawcett, p.66
3155:
3153:
3149:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2952:Fawcett, p.81
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2929:Fawcett, p.77
2926:
2923:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2890:
2887:Fawcett, p.79
2884:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2811:Fawcett, p.72
2808:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2789:Fawcett, p.70
2786:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2720:Fawcett, p.68
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2673:Fawcett, p.56
2670:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2511:Fawcett, p.35
2508:
2505:
2502:Fawcett, p.33
2499:
2496:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2453:Fawcett, p.29
2450:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2423:Boydell Press
2420:
2413:
2410:
2407:Fawcett, p.26
2404:
2402:
2398:
2395:Fawcett, p.25
2392:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2343:
2340:Fawcett, p.24
2337:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2306:Fawcett, p.23
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2250:Fawcett, p.20
2247:
2244:
2241:Fawcett, p.19
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2207:Fawcett, p.18
2204:
2201:
2198:Fawcett, p.17
2195:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2106:
2105:David Lyndsay
2102:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2081:Fawcett, p.16
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:Fawcett, p.15
2064:
2061:
2058:Fawcett, p.14
2055:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1867:Nether Bailey
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:William Schaw
1853:
1852:John Colville
1848:
1846:
1845:royal baptism
1842:
1838:
1823:
1811:
1799:
1793:
1780:
1768:
1760:Mary of Guise
1756:
1744:
1730:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1608:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1585:The original
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:Eltham Palace
1573:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:Mary of Guise
1371:
1359:
1345:
1337:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:New York City
1293:
1289:
1288:The Cloisters
1284:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1248:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:and run as a
1159:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:General Monck
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:William Schaw
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:Regent Morton
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:Bastian Pagez
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:Mary of Guise
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
898:Regent Albany
895:
891:
886:
884:
883:fifth element
880:
879:Andrew Aytoun
876:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
822:
818:
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
784:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
732:Joan Beaufort
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
704:
697:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:King of Scots
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:siege engines
603:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
558:
550:
546:
539:
537:
535:
534:Alexander III
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
457:late medieval
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
410:crag and tail
407:
403:
399:
398:Stirling Sill
392:Early history
391:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
350:
346:
344:
343:fortification
340:
336:
332:
331:Stirling Sill
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:, located in
309:
301:
297:
291:
288:
285:
279:
274:
270:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
234:Built by
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
190:
186:
182:
179:
177:
173:
168:
140:
136:
107:
74:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5037:Clan Stewart
4898:Bagshot Park
4858:Llwynywermod
4613:
4602:
4583:
4574:
4570:
4551:
4539:. Retrieved
4532:the original
4527:
4523:
4506:
4486:
4474:. Retrieved
4467:the original
4462:
4458:
4432:
4409:
4390:
4368:
4349:
4322:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4278:Bibliography
4260:. Capstone.
4256:
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4233:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4207:
4198:
4178:
4171:
4159:. Retrieved
4145:
4133:. Retrieved
4119:
4107:. Retrieved
4098:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4063:
4051:. Retrieved
4043:The National
4042:
4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4011:
4002:
3990:. Retrieved
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3955:
3946:
3938:
3933:
3921:. Retrieved
3907:
3898:
3889:
3881:
3878:CSP Scotland
3877:
3869:
3859:– via
3853:. Retrieved
3817:
3813:
3800:
3791:
3779:. Retrieved
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3742:
3734:
3719:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3669:. Retrieved
3660:
3639:
3630:
3618:. Retrieved
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3541:McKean, p.90
3537:
3525:. Retrieved
3517:"The Palace"
3511:
3502:
3490:. Retrieved
3472:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3437:
3428:
3419:
3410:
3401:
3380:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3331:
3322:
3298:. Retrieved
3284:
3275:
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3240:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3177:
3139:. Retrieved
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3099:
3087:. Retrieved
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3047:
3021:. Retrieved
3011:
2985:. Retrieved
2975:
2966:
2957:
2934:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2904:
2892:
2872:
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2835:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2807:
2799:
2794:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2751:
2743:
2738:
2730:
2725:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2639:
2632:
2623:
2603:
2593:
2584:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2471:
2463:
2458:
2449:
2418:
2412:
2391:
2383:the original
2369:
2362:
2352:
2345:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2285:. Retrieved
2276:
2267:
2246:
2226:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2184:
2177:
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261:Battles/wars
221:Site history
211:Open to
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4908:Royal Lodge
4841:Ivy Cottage
4151:"Locations"
4099:alva.org.uk
4022:1 September
3855:27 December
3467:Shire, p.74
2277:Fact Source
1936:Rod Stewart
1932:Wet Wet Wet
1899:Round Table
1591:crenellated
1574:'s hall at
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1479:, known in
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1460:crenellated
1441:John Slezer
1300:West Sussex
1270:West Sussex
1110:Covenanters
1090:John Slezer
960:Earl of Mar
875:John Damian
514:royal burgh
506:Alexander I
487:King Arthur
408:to form a "
339:River Forth
267:during the
253:In use
162: /
138:Coordinates
4946:Categories
4868:Anmer Hall
4851:Wren House
4577:: 129–130.
4135:30 October
4109:23 October
3141:29 October
3089:28 October
2987:16 October
2159:OUP Oxford
2047:References
2012:Green Lady
1905:Modern use
1748:Henry VIII
1650:St Michael
1596:limewashed
1528:Great Hall
1266:Chichester
1158:War Office
1059:Charles II
848:portcullis
836:Linlithgow
828:alchemists
716:Robert III
406:glaciation
295:commanders
150:03°56′52″W
147:56°07′26″N
4873:Wood Farm
4389:(1994) .
3842:193905578
3023:12 August
2008:ghostlore
2002:Ghostlore
1971:£20 notes
1928:Bob Dylan
1887:parterres
1572:Edward IV
1411:casemates
1404:caponiers
1172:in 1859.
1124:in 1714,
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771:artillery
767:James III
712:Robert II
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615:trebuchet
522:deer park
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4889:Windsor
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4758:Official
4416:. Yale.
4239:24 April
4214:24 April
4155:Archived
4129:Archived
4103:Archived
4073:Archived
4047:Archived
4016:Archived
4012:Facebook
3986:Archived
3966:18 April
3960:Archived
3917:Archived
3846:Archived
3834:41418349
3775:Archived
3749:Archived
3704:13 April
3698:Archived
3671:13 April
3665:Archived
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3521:Archived
3486:Archived
3447:Archived
3341:Archived
3294:Archived
3250:Archived
3199:Archived
3135:Archived
3131:"Museum"
3109:Archived
3083:Archived
3057:Archived
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2997:cite web
2909:Archived
2851:Archived
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2482:Archived
2464:James IV
2441:62344766
2287:25 March
2281:Archived
2019:See also
1944:Hogmanay
1895:jousting
1837:James VI
1514:Baronial
1432:James IV
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1321:Interior
1187:and the
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1122:George I
1079:mutinied
944:James VI
871:Tongland
852:red lead
832:Falkland
803:James VI
795:James IV
739:James II
730:'s wife
724:jointure
660:slighted
627:Roxburgh
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495:Modwenna
472:Agricola
459:period.
445:Bernicia
320:Scotland
312:Stirling
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239:James IV
185:NS789940
5042:James V
4804:Private
4684:YouTube
4675:YouTube
4666:YouTube
4161:15 June
4079:15 June
4053:28 June
3992:15 June
3923:15 June
3820:: 110.
3781:15 June
3755:15 June
3620:16 July
3527:15 June
3492:16 July
3453:15 June
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3300:15 June
3256:15 June
3205:15 June
3063:16 July
2857:19 July
2379:3657003
1991:Colditz
1880:Gardens
1874:postern
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1624:James V
1522:James I
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1389:bastion
1375:Cannons
1151:Falkirk
925:crowned
817:James V
799:James V
791:Stewart
728:James I
692:Forsyth
635:Berwick
611:Warwolf
596:Falkirk
579:at the
510:David I
499:Moninne
449:Pictish
429:Maeatae
387:History
337:of the
316:castles
281:Current
243:James V
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1940:Runrig
1920:R.E.M.
1704:Poland
1632:gothic
1104:After
1063:Dunbar
952:masque
946:, was
906:Gaelic
793:kings
421:Romans
245:, and
4535:(PDF)
4520:(PDF)
4470:(PDF)
4455:(PDF)
3849:(PDF)
3838:S2CID
3830:JSTOR
3810:(PDF)
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1006:Angus
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4556:ISBN
4543:2011
4491:ISBN
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4331:HMSO
4308:ISBN
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4234:AGCC
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4137:2008
4111:2020
4081:2018
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3065:2018
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3025:2016
3003:link
2989:2016
2917:2022
2859:2009
2841:ISBN
2609:ISBN
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2437:OCLC
2427:ISBN
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2289:2020
2163:ISBN
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1996:POWs
1938:and
1580:Kent
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1004:and
834:and
801:and
761:and
633:and
587:and
575:and
497:and
441:Oswy
419:The
327:crag
293:Past
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4682:on
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4664:on
3822:doi
3724:doi
3720:EVA
3482:BBC
1984:in
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