47:
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484:. Earlier in 1837, Mason had negotiated to fund the internal improvements program through the sale of $ 5,000,000 (equivalent to $ 140 million in 2023) in bonds. This arrangement fell apart in 1837 and following bankruptcies by both the company building the canal and the bank backing the loans, the state was left with over $ 2,000,000 (equivalent to $ 56 million in 2023) in bad debt. During his business trips to New York to finance his internal improvements program, Mason became acquainted with Julia Phelps and the two married on November 1, 1838.
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567:, but on June 4, 1905, his remains were brought from New York to Detroit, accompanied by his sister Emily Mason, then age 92; his daughter, Dorothy Mason Wright; three grandsons; and several grand-nephews and great-grandchildren. Services were conducted by Rev. David M. Cooper, who had known Mason as governor, 70 years earlier. Other notable attendees included then-Governor
400:, who was named to replace Cass in August 1831, arrived in Detroit in 1832. As it turned out, Porter was frequently absent and Mason was, for all practical purposes, the acting governor during this time, leading to his nickname of the "Boy Governor". Porter died of cholera in Detroit in 1834, and so Mason was once again acting governor of the Michigan Territory.
524:
captured the crew. The remaining
Patriot forces quit Bois Blanc for the safety of the American side of the river. Several of the Patriots were wounded, a few killed, and the Canadians captured 300 muskets, 2 cannon, 10 kegs of gunpowder and various accoutrements. The actions of the so-called "Patriots" were charged in the U.S. as a violation of the
523:
opposite the town. The
Canadian militia opened fire on the schooner when it tried to reach the island. The Canadians shot several of the ship's crew and damaged the sails and rigging. The ship drifted until it ran aground, at which point the Canadian militia boarded it, encountered no resistance, and
594:
On
September 3, 2009, officials announced that the park would be reconfigured and the monument moved several yards. But when the crews began to excavate the site, they discovered no grave. After four days of searching, the vault containing the remains was located on June 29, 2010, a few yards south
403:
Mason was influential in petitioning for
Michigan statehood. When the first petition in 1832 was not acted upon by the U.S. Congress, Mason commissioned a territorial census. When the census was completed in 1834, it determined that 85,856 people lived in the lower peninsula, more than the 60,000
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460:
Although replaced by Horner, Mason was still popular in
Michigan. Voters approved a constitution on October 5, 1835, and they elected Mason as governor. However, the U.S. Congress refused to recognize Michigan as a state until the dispute with Ohio was resolved.
531:
Rather than risking a contentious campaign and the possibility of an embarrassing defeat in the elections of 1839, Mason instead decided to give up politics and attempt a private law practice. His successor as governor, an old political rival,
598:
On the 199th anniversary of his birth, October 27, 2010, Mason was reburied for the fourth time in a newly built vault in the pedestal beneath the bronze statue designed by Albert
Weinert. Mason's great-great-great grandnephew, who resides in
432:
to arbitrate the dispute, but Mason was not satisfied with the proposal and refused to back down. Not wanting to alienate his political support in Ohio, President
Jackson removed Mason as territorial secretary in August 1835 and appointed
469:; Michigan already included the eastern third. A convention in September 1836 refused to go along with Mason, but Mason finally prevailed in a second convention in December 1836. On January 26, 1837, Michigan was admitted to the Union.
464:
In 1836, facing financial difficulties because
Michigan was not recognized as a state, Mason agreed to a compromise reached by the U.S. Congress and agreed to cede the disputed land to Ohio in exchange for the western two-thirds of the
392:. In 1831, President Jackson sent the elder Mason on a mission to Mexico and named Stevens to replace his father as secretary, at the age of 19 before he could even vote. At about the same time, Governor Cass became Jackson's
272:
at age 19, becoming the acting territorial governor soon thereafter in 1834 at age 22. As territorial governor, Mason was instrumental in guiding
Michigan to statehood, which was secured in 1837. A member of the
536:, was determined to place the blame for Michigan's financial mess on Mason, and charged Mason with corruption related to the $ 5,000,000 loan. Mason attempted to defend himself, but his reputation was ruined.
455:
This 1837 Whig cartoon charges Mason with vote-buying, while promising a modest provision by the Whigs to the poor in the event of victory by
Charles C. Trowbridge - mentioned in a sign near the middle of the
556:
In 1841, Mason left Michigan for New York City, where his wealthy father-in-law, Thaddeus Phelps, lived. Mason tried to establish a law practice there, but struggled to build a clientele. He caught
388:. Young Stevens was more politically savvy than his father and helped to protect him from schemes launched by anti-Jackson forces. This gained him notice from the territorial governor,
607:, where funeral services were held for Mason in 1843, officiated at the ceremony. Prior to the reinterment, Mason's remains were transported to Lansing where they lay in state in the
1505:
240:
46:
2395:
1655:
1281:
277:, he was elected as Michigan's first state governor in 1835, where he served until 1840. Elected at 23 and taking office at 24, Mason was and remains the youngest
345:(1812–1813). Barry served as a U.S. Senator from Kentucky (1814–1816), then had a long career in a number of Kentucky government positions, and ultimately became
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in the winter of 1842 and died at the age of 31 during the night of January 4, 1843, though his date of death is sometimes listed as January 5.
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499:. Mason, along with a detachment of 200 militiamen, pursued them in two steamships. A hundred Canadian militia also followed in the steamer
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from 1835 to 1840. Coming to political prominence at an early age, Mason was appointed his territory's acting territorial secretary by
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26:"The Boy Governor" and "Boy Governor" redirect here. For the Arkansas governor who later became President of the United States, see
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Dorothea Eliza Mason Wright (October 29, 1840 – October 4, 1916) Known as Dora, she was the daughter-in-law of Senator
368:. While his business ventures were a complete failure and the family became nearly broke in the 1820s, he was a lawyer and
1999:
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of its original site. It was believed the grave was moved from its 1905 location in 1955 to make room for a bus terminal.
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John Mason was appointed secretary of the Michigan Territory and superintendent of Indian affairs in 1830 by President
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Mason married Julia Elizabeth Phelps in New York City on November 1, 1838. The couple had three children:
615:
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396:. As the territorial secretary traditionally served as acting governor, young Mason held that role until
19:
This article is about the governor of Michigan. For his grandfather, the U.S. senator from Virginia, see
2405:
2254:
2149:
600:
519:. The Canadian militia took up positions in the town while the Patriots moved 300 men onto the Canadian
473:
118:
911:
480:). Mason was re-elected in 1837, but the state's economy soon began to suffer from the effects of the
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356:(1787–1850), left the Mason family stronghold in Virginia to attempt to make his own fortune in
1963:
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1878:
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on the Canadian shore. On January 9, the Patriots began shelling Fort Malden and the town of
264:(October 27, 1811 – January 4, 1843) was an American politician who served as the first
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1973:
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1943:
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program, which included development of three railroads and two canals (one of which was the
373:
326:
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1953:
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671:
544:
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321:(1787–1819), was also a U.S. Senator from Virginia. In addition, his uncles by marriage,
1237:
Third Record Book of the National Society of Colonial Dames in the State of Rhode Island
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of 1787. A dispute over a strip of land, the Toledo Strip, claimed by both Michigan and
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Among his other accomplishments, Mason created an educational system and relocated the
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on a granite pedestal was erected over the grave. The statue was created by sculptor
481:
298:
987:. The Detroit Evening News and the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society. p.
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301:(1733–1785), was chief justice of the Virginia Supreme Court and younger brother of
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2015:
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80:
27:
1480:
Shade, William G. "Banks and Politics in Michigan, 1835–1845: A Reconsideration".
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1968:
1958:
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503:. Mason met with the Patriot leaders at Gibraltar, but the captured steamship
413:
389:
369:
611:. Mason was only the third Michigan governor to lie in state in the Capitol.
491:, an attempt by irregulars to invade and annex parts of Canada. The schooner
372:
from an influential family, and went on to become an important figure in the
557:
421:
1115:"Coffin believed to hold Stevens T. Mason, Michigan's 1st governor, found"
1722:
1450:
Lansing: Franklin DeKleine Company and the Michigan Historical Commission
1633:
2289:
1433:
Life and Times of Stevens Thomson Mason the Boy Governor of Michigan
487:
In early 1838, Mason led the state militia in helping to thwart the
1984:
634:
Stevens Thomson Mason Jr. (August 1, 1839 – January 27, 1843)
543:
450:
1441:
Jenks, William L. (1931). "Michigan's Five Million Dollar Loan".
1240:. Providence, RI: Snow & Farnham Co. p. 385 – via
1001:
Col. Radcliff's report to Lt. Gov. Sir George Arthur, quoted in
409:
1988:
1637:
297:, into a politically powerful family. His great-grandfather,
1489:
Spill, William A. "University of Michigan: Beginnings-III".
1462:
Norton, Clark F. "Michigan Statehood: 1835, 1836, or 1837".
1200:"Coffin of Michigan's First Governor on Display in Lansing"
495:
was seized by the Patriots on January 8 and sailed down to
1411:
Bright Michigan Morning: The Years of Governor Tom Mason
1367:
The Rise and Fall of Toledo, Michigan ... the Toledo War
922:. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office: 1018–23.
447:
History of railroads in Michigan § The state fiasco
1090:"Michigan History gets a polish in Capitol Park revamp"
645:
Edward H. Wright (1824–1913), a career officer in the
1145:"First Michigan governor re-interred in Detroit park"
603:, witnessed the reinterment. The current Dean of the
317:
from Virginia from 1794 until his death. His uncle,
2219:
2188:
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Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association
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57:
37:
1475:. Vol. 12. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
1408:
1388:
885:Michigan Department of History, Arts and Libraries
591:and depicted the young Mason in a confident pose.
1456:Lansing, Michigan: Michigan Historical Commission
939:
937:
660:Thaddeus Phelps Mason (March 11, 1842–April 1847)
1378:Elliott, Frank N. "When the Railroad Was King".
1436:(2nd ed.). Michigan Historical Commission.
944:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
653:, a U.S. Army officer who attained the rank of
337:from Kentucky. Howard was also Governor of the
1314:"Place names of county make interesting story"
2000:
1649:
649:. Dora and Edward Wright were the parents of
8:
726:Mason Elementary School in Detroit, Michigan
1352:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Library
916:The Territorial Papers of the United States
72:November 3, 1835 – January 7, 1840
2007:
1993:
1985:
1656:
1642:
1634:
1529:
1399:. Lansing: Michigan Historical Commission.
472:In 1835, Mason had initiated an ambitious
45:
34:
1038:
1036:
329:(1784–1835), both served in the Kentucky
1229:
1227:
860:Rowland, Kate Mason (January 11, 1908).
1466:. Vol. 36. pp. 323, 327, 333.
855:
853:
766:
441:First governor of the state of Michigan
380:Life and politics in Michigan Territory
2396:Democratic Party governors of Michigan
1484:. Vol. 57. pp. 32, 38–9, 42.
1042:
714:Stevens T. Mason Elementary School in
1312:Surrarrer, G. Pearl (June 16, 1949).
912:"Census of the Peninsula of Michigan"
879:Baker, Patricia J. (August 2, 2010).
7:
1171:"Michigan's first governor reburied"
1151:. Associated Press. October 27, 2010
1055:Zacharias, Pat (September 5, 1999).
1002:
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820:
818:
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788:
786:
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782:
780:
778:
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772:
770:
2426:Burials at New York Marble Cemetery
2386:19th-century American Episcopalians
1258:. epodunk.com. 2007. Archived from
285:Early life in Virginia and Kentucky
2391:American people of English descent
720:Stevens T. Mason Middle School in
305:(1725–1792), who took part in the
14:
2421:19th-century Michigan politicians
2196:Stevens Thomson Mason (1811–1843)
2114:Stevens Thomson Mason (1760–1803)
1445:. Vol. 15. pp. 575–633.
1088:Rubin, Neil (September 3, 2009).
910:Carter, Clarence E., ed. (1934).
131:July 6, 1834 – September 19, 1835
1712:
1587:Territorial Governor of Michigan
1473:Dictionary of American Biography
563:Mason was initially interred at
540:Retirement and death in New York
239:
2401:Governors of Michigan Territory
1393:, Michigan . . . the Toledo War
1373:. Vol. 56. pp. 82–83.
1198:Allen, Bob (October 25, 2010).
965:Gross Domestic Product deflator
575:. His remains were interred at
21:Stevens Thomson Mason (senator)
2416:People from Leesburg, Virginia
2180:John Thomson Mason (1815–1873)
2155:John Thomson Mason (1787–1850)
2119:John Thomson Mason (1765–1824)
1516:National Governors Association
1346:Catlin, George Byron (2005) .
1282:"Bibliography on Mason County"
1234:Committee on Printing (1908).
797:. Gunston Hall. Archived from
435:John S. ("Little Jack") Horner
416:. President Jackson appointed
404:required for statehood by the
339:Louisiana (Missouri) Territory
1:
1256:"Profile for Mason Community"
946:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
862:"General John Thompson Mason"
755:List of governors of Michigan
716:Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan
702:Stevens T. Mason Building in
665:Places named in Mason's honor
2134:William Temple Thomson Mason
1493:. Vol. 13. p. 233.
1382:. Vol. 49. p. 295.
722:Waterford Township, Michigan
708:Mason Senior High School in
605:Cathedral Church of St. Paul
571:, and the mayor of Detroit,
1471:Malone, Dumas, ed. (1933).
1391:The Rise and Fall of Toledo
1291:Central Michigan University
868:. Vol. 11, no. 3.
678:, where the state capital,
2442:
1430:Hemans, Lawton T. (1920).
1407:Hagman, Harlan L. (1981).
1387:George, Mary Karl (1971).
1176:United Press International
1057:"The Monuments of Detroit"
832:"Mason Family of Virginia"
444:
364:appointed the elder Mason
25:
18:
16:First governor of Michigan
2245:
2109:Thomson Mason (1759–1820)
2083:Thomson Mason (1733–1785)
1710:
1622:
1613:
1601:
1593:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1287:Clarke Historical Library
692:Michigan State University
550:Stevens T. Mason Monument
352:In 1812, Mason's father,
307:Constitutional Convention
255:
167:
124:
65:
53:
44:
2165:Richard Chichester Mason
1533:Party political offices
1205:Interlochen Public Radio
1020:New York Marble Cemetery
981:Ross, Robert B. (1890).
585:a bronze statue of Mason
565:New York Marble Cemetery
331:House of Representatives
295:Loudoun County, Virginia
2250:Mason family residences
2201:Beverley Randolph Mason
2160:Armistead Thomson Mason
928:2027/mdp.39015014548195
881:"Stevens Thomson Mason"
836:The Political Graveyard
795:"Stevens Thomson Mason"
710:Erie Township, Michigan
478:Clinton-Kalamazoo Canal
347:U.S. Postmaster General
319:Armistead Thomson Mason
205:New York City, New York
117:Acting Governor of the
98:as Territorial Governor
2211:William Pinckney Mason
2206:Arthur Pendleton Mason
698:University of Michigan
686:Mason County, Michigan
616:University of Michigan
579:, the site of the old
553:
457:
2150:Thomson Francis Mason
1665:Governors of Michigan
674:, the county seat of
664:
626:Marriage and children
547:
474:internal improvements
454:
366:United States marshal
360:. In 1817, President
311:Stevens Thomson Mason
281:in American history.
262:Stevens Thomson Mason
119:Territory of Michigan
2232:Richard Nelson Mason
2170:Richard Barnes Mason
1616:Governor of Michigan
1609:Territorial Governor
1549:Governor of Michigan
1365:Downes, C. (1972). "
1349:The story of Detroit
1319:Ludington Daily News
1016:"List of Interments"
737:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
731:Green Bay, Wisconsin
601:Grosse Ile, Michigan
507:continued on toward
437:as his replacement.
418:Benjamin Chew Howard
341:(1810–1812) and the
335:U.S. Representatives
327:William Taylor Barry
289:Mason was born near
266:governor of Michigan
162:Territorial Governor
146:Territorial Governor
60:Governor of Michigan
2411:Burials in Michigan
2237:Lucy Randolph Mason
1580:George Bryan Porter
1511:Political Graveyard
1415:. Green Oak Press.
1212:on October 19, 2013
1045:, pp. 398–399.
967:figures follow the
497:Gibraltar, Michigan
406:Northwest Ordinance
398:George Bryan Porter
358:Lexington, Kentucky
313:(1760–1803), was a
309:. His grandfather,
2227:Kate Mason Rowland
2189:Seventh generation
1626:William Woodbridge
1572:Political offices
1179:. October 29, 2010
696:Mason Hall at the
655:lieutenant general
647:United States Army
554:
534:William Woodbridge
458:
354:John Thomson Mason
343:Missouri Territory
190:Leesburg, Virginia
111:William Woodbridge
2363:
2362:
2220:Eighth generation
2071:Fourth generation
2039:Second generation
1982:
1981:
1675:(1805–1837)
1632:
1631:
1623:Succeeded by
1610:
1594:Succeeded by
1562:Succeeded by
1422:978-0-9316-0002-9
1149:Royal Oak Tribune
743:Saginaw, Michigan
704:Lansing, Michigan
651:William M. Wright
521:Bois Blanc Island
259:
258:
100:
2433:
2260:Analostan Island
2251:
2143:Sixth generation
2092:Fifth generation
2062:George Mason III
2055:Third generation
2023:First generation
2016:The Mason family
2009:
2002:
1995:
1986:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1676:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1608:
1602:Preceded by
1577:Preceded by
1530:
1521:Stevens T. Mason
1506:Settling a State
1494:
1491:Michigan History
1485:
1482:Michigan History
1476:
1467:
1464:Michigan History
1446:
1443:Michigan History
1437:
1426:
1414:
1401:
1397:
1383:
1380:Michigan History
1374:
1371:Michigan History
1361:
1359:
1357:
1332:
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1329:
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1303:
1302:
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1271:
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1267:
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1246:
1245:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1208:. Archived from
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1123:Associated Press
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1094:The Detroit News
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1065:. Archived from
1062:The Detroit News
1052:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1012:
1006:
999:
993:
992:
978:
972:
962:
960:
958:
941:
932:
931:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
891:on July 28, 2009
887:. Archived from
876:
870:
869:
857:
848:
847:
845:
843:
828:
811:
810:
808:
806:
790:
741:Mason Street in
735:Mason Street in
729:Mason Street in
609:Capitol Building
581:Michigan Capitol
394:Secretary of War
374:Texas Revolution
325:(1760–1814) and
275:Democratic Party
251:The Boy Governor
243:
202:
187:October 27, 1811
186:
184:
172:Personal details
163:
154:
147:
142:George B. Porter
138:
129:
107:
96:
89:
70:
49:
39:Stevens T. Mason
35:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2335:Raspberry Plain
2249:
2241:
2215:
2184:
2138:
2087:
2078:George Mason IV
2066:
2050:
2046:George Mason II
2034:
2018:
2013:
1983:
1978:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1628:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1567:
1565:Elon Farnsworth
1552:
1502:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1406:
1386:
1377:
1369:, (reviewed)".
1364:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1262:on June 8, 2011
1254:
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1182:
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1169:
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1152:
1143:
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1128:
1126:
1125:. June 30, 2010
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2099:George Mason V
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349:(1829–1835).
348:
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299:Thomson Mason
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2406:Mason family
2330:Okeley Manor
2295:Gunston Hall
2195:
2129:Thomas Mason
1733:
1725:(since 1837)
1698:
1673:Territorial
1614:
1585:
1547:nominee for
1543:
1538:
1525:Find a Grave
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1354:. Retrieved
1348:
1339:Bibliography
1324:. Retrieved
1317:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1250:
1242:Google Books
1236:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:the original
1203:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1174:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1118:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:the original
1060:
1050:
1025:September 6,
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
1010:
997:
983:
976:
968:
957:November 30,
955:. Retrieved
949:
919:
915:
905:
893:. Retrieved
889:the original
884:
874:
865:
840:. Retrieved
835:
803:. Retrieved
799:the original
670:The city of
641:and wife of
629:
613:
597:
593:
577:Capitol Park
562:
555:
530:
516:
504:
500:
492:
486:
471:
463:
459:
430:Philadelphia
426:Richard Rush
402:
383:
362:James Monroe
351:
315:U.S. Senator
303:George Mason
288:
261:
260:
223:Julia Phelps
201:(1843-01-04)
153:Succeeded by
126:
106:Succeeded by
81:Edward Mundy
67:
32:
28:Bill Clinton
2381:1843 deaths
2376:1811 births
2350:Temple Hall
2315:Locust Hill
2300:Hollin Hall
2275:Chopawamsic
1919:Van Wagoner
1356:January 28,
1326:October 16,
1322:. p. 7
1297:January 20,
1216:January 23,
1099:October 27,
1073:October 28,
1003:Ross (1890)
513:Amherstburg
509:Fort Malden
489:Patriot War
412:led to the
137:Preceded by
88:Preceded by
2370:Categories
2355:Woodbridge
2325:Montpelier
2320:Mattawoman
2124:John Mason
1909:Fitzgerald
1899:Fitzgerald
1774:McClelland
1739:Woodbridge
1620:1835–1840
1591:1834–1835
1545:Democratic
761:References
548:Renovated
445:See also:
414:Toledo War
390:Lewis Cass
370:land agent
214:Democratic
183:1811-10-27
77:Lieutenant
2310:Lexington
1954:Blanchard
1914:Dickinson
1879:Groesbeck
1266:April 18,
895:April 18,
620:Ann Arbor
583:. Later,
558:pneumonia
515:from the
422:Baltimore
333:and were
236:Signature
127:In office
68:In office
2285:Clermont
2255:Accokeek
1964:Granholm
1949:Milliken
1939:Swainson
1934:Williams
1894:Comstock
1814:Croswell
1183:April 1,
1155:June 24,
1129:June 25,
971:series.
842:March 8,
805:March 8,
749:See also
501:Alliance
291:Leesburg
248:Nickname
228:Children
2305:Huntley
2290:Colross
2280:Clarens
1974:Whitmer
1889:Brucker
1874:Sleeper
1849:Pingree
1804:Baldwin
1784:Bingham
1779:Parsons
1759:Greenly
1458:, 1971.
1452:, 1930.
680:Lansing
643:Colonel
552:in 2011
1969:Snyder
1959:Engler
1944:Romney
1929:Sigler
1904:Murphy
1869:Ferris
1864:Osborn
1859:Warner
1839:Winans
1824:Begole
1819:Jerome
1809:Bagley
1789:Wisner
1764:Ransom
1744:Gordon
1723:State
1704:Horner
1694:Porter
1419:
220:Spouse
2340:Selma
2265:Araby
1924:Kelly
1884:Green
1854:Bliss
1829:Alger
1799:Crapo
1794:Blair
1769:Barry
1754:Felch
1749:Barry
1734:Mason
1699:Mason
1539:First
1119:MLive
456:page.
1844:Rich
1834:Luce
1689:Cass
1684:Hull
1558:1837
1554:1835
1417:ISBN
1358:2007
1328:2015
1299:2013
1268:2011
1218:2013
1185:2012
1157:2024
1131:2024
1101:2010
1075:2010
1027:2009
959:2023
897:2011
844:2009
807:2009
424:and
410:Ohio
196:Died
177:Born
58:1st
1523:at
924:hdl
618:to
517:Ann
505:Ann
493:Ann
428:of
420:of
293:in
2372::
1556:,
1316:.
1289:,
1284:.
1226:^
1202:.
1173:.
1147:.
1121:.
1117:.
1092:.
1059:.
1035:^
1018:.
989:15
948:.
936:^
920:12
918:.
914:.
883:.
864:.
852:^
834:.
815:^
769:^
622:.
528:.
376:.
2008:e
2001:t
1994:v
1657:e
1650:t
1643:v
1425:.
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1301:.
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1029:.
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930:.
926::
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846:.
809:.
657:.
231:3
185:)
181:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
