1574:
144:
in 1957–1959, tens of thousands of intellectuals were persecuted. The name "bourgeois intellectual" became a standard phrase in Mao's time. During the
Cultural Revolution, intellectuals were called the "Stinking Old Ninth" and were subjected to condemnation, purge, imprisonment and even execution. In
1549:
379:
759:
958:
157:
a place where intellectuals are concentrated, am I wrong? You two are stinking intellectuals, you should admit this, being the stinking old ninth category, the old ninth category cannot walk away.
560:
369:
457:
351:
933:
913:
153:
In the fields of education, science, literature and art, and medicine, where intellectuals are concentrated, there are some good , and there are a few
Marxist-Leninists. You
1441:
1613:
1524:
752:
1623:
110:(1966–1976), the term "Stinking Old Ninth" was often used as a synonym for intellectuals, who were widely persecuted during the revolution and pushed to undergo "
812:
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550:
737:
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883:
855:
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918:
1486:
1348:
1223:
583:"The price of persecution: The long-term effects of the Anti-Rightist Campaign on economic performance in post-Mao China"
1598:
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860:
798:
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219:
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140:'s distrust towards intellectuals was evident even before the Cultural Revolution. For example, during the
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727:
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who came up with the phrase and that Mao himself saw intellectuals as still having some value in society.
141:
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83:
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54:
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123:
403:"'It's Not the Same Communist Party It Was' : China's Old Soldiers Yielding to Technocrats"
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989:
529:
696:
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1456:
1426:
1404:
1323:
1283:
1091:
908:
496:
The
Everlasting Empire: The Political Culture of Ancient China and Its Imperial Legacy
259:
Ya Se (雅瑟) and Qing Ping (青苹), eds. (2014). 中华词源 (Etymologies of China). Available on
98:
scholars and finally beggars, with only beggars at a status below the intellectuals.
1592:
1539:
1333:
1132:
1077:
898:
893:
776:
665:
162:
91:
87:
274:
221:
A Cultural
Dictionary of The Chinese Language: 500 Proverbs, Idioms and Maxims 文化五百条
1466:
1167:
1101:
1082:
598:
166:
95:
71:
50:
46:
730:[Chairman Mao's Talk with Members of the Politburo who Were in Beijing].
1446:
1343:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1172:
1107:
1096:
923:
779:(1984). "Mao Zedong Thought Must be Correctly Understood as an Integral Whole".
692:
374:
370:"Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)"
365:
145:
May 3, 1975, Mao made the following comments at his meeting with members of the
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1384:
1177:
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1062:
1057:
984:
661:
632:
188:
137:
42:
1268:
1157:
1137:
1127:
1117:
751:
The
Secretarial Bureau of the Office of the Central Committee (1975-05-03).
432:
The Lost
Generation: The Rustication of China's Educated Youth (1968–1980)
311:
The Lost
Generation: The Rustication of China's Educated Youth (1968–1980)
284:
1152:
1072:
520:
119:
1122:
753:"Chairman Mao's Talk with Members of the Politburo who Were in Beijing"
790:
1502:
75:
32:
1447:
Hunan
Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee
79:
959:
Counterattack the Right-Deviationist
Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend
794:
551:"Echoes of persecutions past in China's intellectual crackdown"
247:
A Glossary of
Political Terms of the People's Republic of China
464:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 169–195,
697:"Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966"
249:. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. pp. 27–28.
525:"'Mao And Deng Were The Same, And We Should Ditch Them'"
458:"Mao, Mao Zedong Thought, and Communist Intellectuals"
94:, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth)
1495:
1377:
1261:
1201:
1050:
977:
876:
828:
581:Zeng, Zhaojin; Eisenman, Joshua (September 2018).
346:[Mao Zedong's policies on intellectuals].
114:". The "Nine Black Categories", expanded from the
1442:Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group
1525:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
783:. Vol. 2. Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
276:Intellectuals in Revolutionary China, 1921–1949
161:After the Cultural Revolution, in August 1977,
16:Historical Chinese dysphemism for intellectuals
806:
435:. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
314:. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
8:
1245:Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits
456:Ip, Hung-Yok (2010), Cheek, Timothy (ed.),
813:
799:
791:
668:[On the issue of intellectuals].
1550:3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee
147:Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
1614:Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
205:
165:mentioned in a meeting that it was the
1624:Persecution of intellectuals in China
610:
608:
488:
486:
130:), further included traitors, spies,
7:
424:
422:
337:
335:
333:
331:
213:
211:
209:
944:Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius
14:
273:Ip, Hung-yok (23 November 2004).
1573:
1572:
1508:Mao Zedong's cult of personality
1354:Learn from Dazhai in agriculture
884:Down to the Countryside Movement
856:Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
765:from the original on 2022-03-13.
740:from the original on 2024-03-17.
715:from the original on 2020-04-17.
354:from the original on 2024-03-18.
1238:Six Articles of Public Security
781:Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping
563:from the original on 2024-02-20
382:from the original on 2024-01-14
70:The term originated during the
1477:Worker-Peasant-Soldier student
1437:Central Case Examination Group
919:One Strike-Three Anti Campaign
599:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.04.013
499:. Princeton University Press.
462:A Critical Introduction to Mao
49:used at two major points, the
37:
1:
1619:Political repression in China
1487:Xiang River Storm and Thunder
1349:Learn from Daqing in industry
1224:Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
728:"毛泽东同在京中央政治局委员的谈话（1975年5月3日）"
429:Bonnin, Michel (2013-08-07).
308:Bonnin, Michel (2013-08-07).
1304:Continuous Revolution Theory
1294:Cow demons and snake spirits
1217:Quotations from Chairman Mao
861:Socialist Education Movement
134:and (ninth) intellectuals.
155:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
108:Chinese Cultural Revolution
78:conquerors identified ten "
1640:
726:Mao, Zedong (1975-05-03).
625:Cambridge University Press
617:"The Stinking Number Nine"
493:Pines, Yuri (2012-05-27).
218:Jiao, Liwei (2019-11-12).
1604:Chinese words and phrases
1568:
1432:Cultural Revolution Group
889:Cleansing the Class Ranks
733:Marxists Internet Archive
705:The University of Chicago
671:Marxists Internet Archive
633:10.1017/9781009180979.004
28:
1482:May Seventh Cadre School
1274:Newborn socialist things
1210:Bombard the Headquarters
1020:Shaoyang County Massacre
954:1975 Banqiao Dam failure
556:South China Morning Post
401:Mann, Jim (1985-09-18).
1452:Revolutionary committee
1002:Inner Mongolia incident
969:1976 Tiananmen Incident
939:Black Painting incident
904:February Countercurrent
102:The Cultural Revolution
1422:May Sixteenth elements
836:Anti-Rightist Campaign
245:Li, Kwok-sing (1995).
159:
142:Anti-Rightist Campaign
1457:8341 Special Regiment
1364:Five Black Categories
1030:Zhao Jianmin Spy Case
964:1976 Nanjing incident
285:10.4324/9780203009932
179:Five Black Categories
151:
116:Five Black Categories
1390:Conservative Faction
1319:One Divides into Two
1289:Big-character poster
841:Great Chinese Famine
615:Lu, Hanchao (2024),
348:Modern China Studies
342:Wang, Laidi (2003).
194:Anti-intellectualism
124:anti-revolutionaries
53:(1271–1368) and the
1599:Cultural Revolution
1369:Five Red Categories
1231:May 16 Notification
934:10th Party Congress
822:Cultural Revolution
368:(August 25, 2011).
184:Five Red Categories
112:self-transformation
55:Cultural Revolution
1545:Morning Sun (film)
1520:Great Leap Forward
1410:Ultra-Left Faction
1359:Stinking Old Ninth
1007:Guangdong Massacre
914:9th Party Congress
866:Taoyuan Experience
846:Great Leap Forward
627:, pp. 55–96,
132:capitalist roaders
126:, bad influences,
21:Stinking Old Ninth
1586:
1585:
1535:Sino-Soviet split
1395:Little Red Guards
1339:Capitalist roader
1329:Eight model plays
1026:Yunnan Massacres
949:Hangzhou incident
929:Lin Biao incident
851:Lushan Conference
642:978-1-009-18097-9
587:World Development
506:978-0-691-13495-6
471:978-0-521-88462-4
442:978-962-996-481-8
407:Los Angeles Times
321:978-962-996-481-8
294:978-1-134-26520-6
231:978-1-000-71302-2
1631:
1576:
1575:
1314:Violent Struggle
1309:Seizure of power
1299:Bloodline theory
1279:Struggle session
1252:On Class Origins
1035:Shadian incident
1015:Daoxian massacre
1011:Hunan Massacres
997:Guangxi Massacre
815:
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621:Shanghai Tai Chi
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66:The Yuan dynasty
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1560:Scar literature
1555:Boluan Fanzheng
1491:
1472:Barefoot doctor
1462:Sent-down youth
1415:Xiaoyao Faction
1373:
1257:
1197:
1046:
1042:Ruijin Massacre
990:Daxing Massacre
973:
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41:) is a Chinese
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1530:Class struggle
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1496:Related topics
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1405:Scarlet Guards
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736:(in Chinese).
718:
684:
664:(1962-03-02).
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559:. 2017-06-08.
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523:(2014-08-29).
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88:Buddhist monks
82:" of Chinese:
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1078:Deng Xiaoping
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57:(1966–1976).
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1467:61 Renegades
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1168:Yang Chengwu
1102:Wang Hongwen
1083:Gang of Four
877:Major events
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703:
693:Wang, Youqin
687:
676:. Retrieved
674:(in Chinese)
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406:
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386:December 27,
384:. Retrieved
373:
366:Song, Yongyi
360:
347:
344:"毛泽东的知识分子政策"
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261:Google Books
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167:Gang of Four
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72:Yuan dynasty
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51:Yuan dynasty
38:chòu lǎo jiǔ
36:
20:
18:
1609:Dysphemisms
1344:Yiku sitian
1193:Ye Jianying
1188:Hua Guofeng
1183:Mao Yuanxin
1173:Chen Zaidao
1108:Peng Dehuai
1097:Yao Wenyuan
1051:Key figures
924:Project 571
662:Zhou, Enlai
593:: 249–260.
375:Sciences Po
106:During the
84:bureaucrats
1593:Categories
1513:Mango cult
1385:Red Guards
1178:Kang Sheng
1163:Qiu Huizuo
1143:Ji Dengkui
1087:Jiang Qing
1068:Zhou Enlai
1063:Liu Shaoqi
1058:Mao Zedong
985:Red August
678:2024-03-23
648:2024-03-23
567:2024-03-23
536:2024-03-23
477:2024-03-23
412:2024-03-23
200:References
189:Red August
138:Mao Zedong
74:where the
43:dysphemism
1269:Four Olds
1202:Documents
1158:Wu Faxian
1138:Xie Fuzhi
1128:Chen Boda
1118:Peng Zhen
978:Massacres
666:"论知识分子问题"
521:Bao, Tong
120:landlords
96:Confucian
1578:Category
1262:Concepts
1153:Qi Benyu
1073:Lin Biao
760:Archived
738:Archived
710:Archived
695:(2001).
561:Archived
380:Archived
352:Archived
173:See also
1148:Wang Li
1123:Tao Zhu
829:Prelude
61:History
25:Chinese
1503:Maoism
1378:Groups
1113:Wu Han
639:
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76:Mongol
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763:(PDF)
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713:(PDF)
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637:ISBN
501:ISBN
466:ISBN
437:ISBN
388:2019
316:ISBN
289:ISBN
226:ISBN
45:for
19:The
629:doi
595:doi
591:109
281:doi
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