808:
pump inhibitors, if they have not been started earlier, are recommended in those in whom high risk signs for bleeding are found. It is also recommended that people with high risk signs are kept in hospital for at least 72 hours. Blood transfusions are not generally recommended to correct anemia, but blood transfusions are recommended if the person is not stable (cardiovascular system instability). Oral iron can be used, but this can lead to problems with compliance, tolerance, darkening stools which may mask evidence of rebleeding and tends to be slow, especially if used in conjunction with proton pump inhibitors.
530:. A positive aspirate is more helpful than a negative aspirate (If the aspirate is positive, an upper gastrointestinal bleed is likely; if the aspirate is negative, the source of a gastrointestinal bleed is probably, but not certainly, lower). A smaller study found a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 55%, somewhat opposite results from Witting. The accuracy of the aspirate is improved by using the Gastroccult test.
537:(Hematest reagent tablets and Bili-Labstix) or guaiac (Hemoccult and Gastroccult). There is some evidence that orthotolidine-based tests more sensitive than specific, the Hemoccult test's sensitivity reduced by the acidic environment; and the Gastroccult test be the most accurate. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value have been reported as follows:
788:
51:
326:
807:
before endoscopy can decrease the amount of blood in the stomach and thus improve the operators view. This erythromycin treatment may lead to a small decrease in the need for a blood transfusion, but the overall balance of how effective erythromycin is compared to potential risks is not clear. Proton
665:
medications are often given in the emergent setting before an endoscopy and may reduce the need for an endoscopic haemotstatic treatment. Proton pump inhibitors decrease gastric acid production. There is insufficient evidence to determine if proton pump inhibitors decrease death rates, re-bleeding
876:
Barkun, AN; Almadi, M; Kuipers, EJ; Laine, L; Sung, J; Tse, F; Leontiadis, GI; Abraham, NS; Calvet, X; Chan, FKL; Douketis, J; Enns, R; Gralnek, IM; Jairath, V; Jensen, D; Lau, J; Lip, GYH; Loffroy, R; Maluf-Filho, F; Meltzer, AC; Reddy, N; Saltzman, JR; Marshall, JK; Bardou, M (22 October 2019).
602:
Holman used simulated gastric specimens and found the
Hemoccult test to have significant problems with non-specificity and false-positive results, whereas the Gastroccult test was very accurate. Holman found that by 120 seconds after the developer was applied, the Hemoccult test was positive on
1613:
Barkun, Alan N.; Almadi, Majid; Kuipers, Ernst J.; Laine, Loren; Sung, Joseph; Tse, Frances; Leontiadis, Grigorios I.; Abraham, Neena S.; Calvet, Xavier; Chan, Francis K.L.; Douketis, James; Enns, Robert; Gralnek, Ian M.; Jairath, Vipul; Jensen, Dennis; Lau, James; Lip, Gregory Y.H.; Loffroy,
686:
are believed to be equivalent for peptic ulcer bleeding. In people with a confirmed peptic ulcer, proton pump inhibitors do not reduce death rates, later bleeding events, or need for surgery. They may decrease signs of bleeding at endoscopy however. In those with less severe disease and where
614:
bleeding score found 16% of people presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleed had
Glasgow-Blatchford score of "0", considered low. Among these people there were no deaths or interventions needed and they were able to be effectively treated in an outpatient setting.
217:
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding affects around 50 to 150 people per 100,000 a year. It represents over 50% of cases of gastrointestinal bleeding. A 1995 UK study found an estimated mortality risk of 11% in those admitted to hospital for gastrointestinal bleeding.
491:
820:
Depending on its severity, upper gastrointestinal bleeding may carry an estimated mortality risk of 11%. However, survival has improved to about 2 percent, likely as a result of improvements in medical therapy and endoscopic control of bleeding.
2110:
2095:
1055:
Graber CJ, et al. (2007). "A Stitch in Time — A 64-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease was admitted to the hospital with a several-month history of fevers, chills, and fatigue".
666:
events, or the need for surgical interventions. After the initial resuscitation has been completed, treatment is instigated to limit the likelihood of re-bleeds and correct any anemia that the bleeding may have caused. Those with a
242:(maroon-coloured stool) if the hemorrhage is severe. The presentation of bleeding depends on the amount and location of hemorrhage. A person with upper gastrointestinal bleeding may also present with complications of
510:
The strongest predictors of an upper gastrointestinal bleed are black stool, age <50 years, and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio 30 or more. The diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is assumed when
2012:
Witting MD, Magder L, Heins AE, Mattu A, Granja CA, Baumgarten M; Magder; Heins; Mattu; Granja; Baumgarten (2004). "Usefulness and validity of diagnostic nasogastric aspiration in patients without hematemesis".
648:
The predictive values cited are based on the prevalences of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the corresponding studies. A clinical calculator can be used to generate predictive values for other prevalences.
1202:
Witting MD, Magder L, Heins AE, Mattu A, Granja CA, Baumgarten M; Magder; Heins; Mattu; Granja; Baumgarten (2006). "ED predictors of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients without hematemesis".
1091:
Sierra J, Kalangos A, Faidutti B, Christenson JT; Kalangos; Faidutti; Christenson (2003). "Aorto-enteric fistula is a serious complication to aortic surgery. Modern trends in diagnosis and therapy".
461:. Fistulae are usually secondary to prior vascular surgery and usually occur at the proximal anastomosis at the third or fourth portion of the duodenum where it is retroperitoneal and near the aorta.
1422:
Stanley AJ, Ashley D, Dalton HR, et al. (January 2009). "Outpatient management of patients with low-risk upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage: multicentre validation and prospective evaluation".
3032:
661:
beginning with airway management and fluid resuscitation using either intravenous fluids and or blood. A number of medications may improve outcomes depending on the source of the bleeding.
522:
can help determine the location (source) of bleeding and help understand the best initial diagnostic and treatment plan. Nasogastric aspirate has a sensitivity of 42%, specificity 91%,
533:
Determining whether blood is in gastric contents, either vomited or aspirated specimens, may be a challenge when determining the source of the hemorrhage. Slide tests are based on
2210:
1969:
Cai, Jennifer X.; Saltzman, John R. (July 2018). "Initial
Assessment, Risk Stratification, and Early Management of Acute Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage".
2714:
2048:
1815:
1381:
1290:
1238:
1183:
1126:
1026:
2068:
748:
207:
360:
There are many causes for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Causes are usually anatomically divided into their location in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
2309:
1876:
Villanueva, CĂ ndid; Colomo, Alan; Bosch, Alba; ConcepciĂłn, Mar; Hernandez-Gea, Virginia; Aracil, Carles; Graupera, Isabel; Poca, MarĂa; et al. (2013).
1255:
Ernst AA, Haynes ML, Nick TG, Weiss SJ; Haynes; Nick; Weiss (1999). "Usefulness of the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio in gastrointestinal bleeding".
2348:
3503:
2203:
1395:
Holman JS, Shwed JA; Shwed (1992). "Influence of sucralfate on the detection of occult blood in simulated gastric fluid by two screening tests".
526:
64%, positive predictive value 92% and overall accuracy of 66% in differentiating upper gastrointestinal bleeding from bleeding distal to the
2576:
1614:
Romaric; Maluf-Filho, Fauze; Meltzer, Andrew C.; Reddy, Nageshwar; Saltzman, John R.; Marshall, John K.; Bardou, Marc (22 October 2019).
1140:
Cendan JC, Thomas JB, Seeger JM; Thomas Jb; Seeger (2004). "Twenty-one cases of aortoenteric fistula: lessons for the general surgeon".
477:
837:. In the absence of hematemesis, 40% to 50% of people in the emergency department with gastrointestinal bleeding have an upper source.
2789:
2196:
3461:
3308:
1311:
Cuellar RE, Gavaler JS, Alexander JA, et al. (1990). "Gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. The value of a nasogastric aspirate".
3206:
775:
greater than 7 to 8 g/dL and only moderate bleeding. If the INR is greater than 1.5 to 1.8 correction with fresh frozen plasma,
3347:
2959:
2447:
2442:
2319:
846:
431:
2472:
1920:
AdĂŁo, Diego; Gois, Aecio FT; Pacheco, Rafael L; Pimentel, Carolina FMG; Riera, Rachel (2023-02-01). Cochrane Gut Group (ed.).
3201:
3157:
3051:
2873:
1616:"Management of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Guideline Recommendations From the International Consensus Group"
879:"Management of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Guideline Recommendations From the International Consensus Group"
3412:
367:
or non-variceal sources of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, as the two have different treatment algorithms and prognosis.
3258:
3508:
3167:
2686:
2294:
1034:
117:
2381:
2277:
1556:
Kanno, Takeshi; Yuan, Yuhong; Tse, Frances; Howden, Colin W.; Moayyedi, Paul; Leontiadis, Grigorios I. (2022-01-07).
1514:
Jairath, V; Barkun, AN (October 2011). "The overall approach to the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding".
2747:
2676:
494:
3020:
2976:
2929:
2735:
2353:
740:
523:
113:
3046:
3366:
2681:
2639:
2452:
2327:
2314:
2255:
2125:
667:
2284:
3291:
3068:
2809:
2601:
2260:
1558:"Proton pump inhibitor treatment initiated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding"
467:
314:
3371:
3095:
3078:
2488:
2462:
2338:
2289:
2250:
2228:
2220:
851:
795:
Upper endoscopy within 24 hours is the recommended treatment. The benefits versus risks of placing a
699:
while recommended for variceal bleeding have not been found to be of general use for non-variceal bleeds.
691:
might be effective to reduce mortality, but the evidence for this is weak. But the evidence is promising.
519:
458:
398:
231:
88:
3303:
3211:
3172:
3100:
2042:
1809:
1375:
1346:
Rosenthal P, Thompson J, Singh M; Thompson; Singh (1984). "Detection of occult blood in gastric juice".
1284:
1232:
1177:
1120:
724:
662:
454:
199:
3222:
2403:
436:
3342:
3286:
3107:
3003:
2586:
2581:
2415:
2333:
2299:
830:
679:
266:
3436:
3246:
3139:
3122:
3083:
3056:
3008:
2851:
2828:
2821:
2770:
2742:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2571:
2114:
776:
764:
739:
may be used for the prevention of re-bleeding. If bleeding continues then balloon tamponade with a
294:
259:
141:
833:
with gastrointestinal bleeding have an upper source. The diagnosis is easier when the people have
3448:
3313:
3296:
3281:
3268:
3251:
3117:
2644:
2616:
2376:
2272:
2237:
1994:
1797:
1465:
1447:
1165:
611:
527:
380:
364:
255:
251:
156:
79:
2752:
2550:
747:
may be used in an attempt to mechanically compress the varices. This may then be followed by a
3498:
3426:
3407:
2780:
2165:
2136:
2030:
1986:
1951:
1899:
1855:
1789:
1748:
1730:
1691:
1647:
1595:
1577:
1531:
1439:
1404:
1363:
1328:
1272:
1220:
1157:
1108:
1073:
1008:
956:
910:
390:
214:, although this has become uncommon as a result of improved endoscopic and medical treatment.
191:
187:
183:
67:
3473:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3240:
3112:
3040:
2858:
2765:
2760:
2690:
2649:
2457:
2422:
2022:
1978:
1941:
1933:
1889:
1847:
1779:
1738:
1722:
1681:
1637:
1627:
1585:
1569:
1523:
1431:
1355:
1320:
1264:
1212:
1149:
1100:
1065:
998:
990:
946:
900:
890:
800:
796:
338:
72:
1709:
Bennett, Cathy; Klingenberg, Sarah Louise; Langholz, Ebbe; Gluud, Lise Lotte (2014-11-21).
812:
Iron is increasingly used in these cases to improve patient outcomes and void blood usage.
3431:
3361:
3227:
3162:
3127:
2998:
2863:
2799:
2701:
2620:
2611:
2561:
2501:
2386:
2363:
2072:
688:
683:
471:
426:
210:
for variceal bleeding) may be used. Recurrent or refractory bleeding may lead to need for
203:
152:
2188:
3468:
3383:
2937:
2910:
2775:
2710:
2706:
2596:
2566:
1946:
1921:
1743:
1710:
1642:
1615:
1590:
1557:
1003:
978:
905:
878:
744:
449:
416:
164:
160:
59:
2119:
2026:
1838:
Cat, TB; Liu-DeRyke, X (September 2010). "Medical management of variceal hemorrhage".
1435:
1268:
1104:
3492:
3401:
3354:
3147:
3090:
3073:
2985:
2730:
2557:
2432:
2398:
2343:
1784:
1767:
1359:
856:
732:
728:
720:
658:
534:
498:
411:
1998:
1801:
1169:
3276:
3188:
3061:
2964:
2915:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2804:
2629:
2545:
2437:
2427:
2393:
2176:
1937:
1726:
1573:
1451:
804:
768:
692:
310:
239:
148:
96:
198:
is recommended within 24 hours and bleeding can be stopped by various techniques.
2130:
3456:
3218:
3196:
3027:
2947:
2591:
2492:
2245:
2160:
1851:
1324:
834:
716:
687:
endoscopy is rapidly available, they are of less immediate clinical importance.
512:
385:
277:
227:
84:
62:
with a clean base, which is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
17:
2141:
1982:
1527:
1216:
1153:
994:
771:. Some evidence supports holding off on blood transfusions in those who have a
280:, in order to determine the severity of bleeding and the timing of intervention
3232:
2905:
2883:
2528:
2467:
2104:
1922:"Erythromycin prior to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage"
809:
772:
712:
696:
490:
247:
176:
172:
168:
2065:
1734:
1581:
3182:
3152:
3015:
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2671:
2533:
2523:
2410:
2371:
2304:
2171:
760:
421:
374:
298:
270:
195:
121:
2034:
1990:
1955:
1903:
1859:
1793:
1752:
1695:
1651:
1599:
1535:
1443:
1224:
1161:
1112:
1077:
1012:
960:
914:
1894:
1877:
1408:
1367:
1332:
1276:
1069:
787:
2816:
2794:
2506:
736:
443:
129:
2087:
1768:"Systematic review: tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding"
977:
British
Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee (October 2002).
370:
The causes for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage include the following:
2868:
2634:
2538:
2510:
1686:
1669:
951:
934:
708:
405:
334:
330:
283:
211:
125:
1027:"Are SSRIs associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults?"
711:
is preferred in people with cirrhosis. Medications typically includes
3334:
2952:
2838:
2099:
1632:
895:
346:
306:
287:
243:
235:
137:
92:
799:
in those with upper gastrointestinal bleeding are not well known.
2784:
2514:
1878:"Transfusion Strategies for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding"
1670:"Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding"
786:
489:
354:
350:
325:
324:
140:. Depending on the amount of the blood loss, symptoms may include
133:
345:
A number of medications increase the risk of bleeding including
301:
in order to determine if the bleeding is from a variceal source.
290:
examination, in order to determine possible causes of hemorrhage
226:
Persons with upper gastrointestinal bleeding often present with
2192:
50:
979:"Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: guidelines"
759:
If large amounts of pack red blood cells are used additional
723:
to reduce portal pressures. This is typically in addition to
624:
Hemoglobin level >12.9 g/dL (men) or >11.9 g/dL (women)
182:
Significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding is considered a
678:
Based on evidence from people with other health problems
619:
Score is equal to "0" if the following are all present:
972:
970:
27:
Bleeding of the esophagus, stomach, or upper intestine
1766:
Gluud, LL; Klingenberg, SL, Langholz, SE (May 2008).
1711:"Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding"
935:"Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding"
541:
Determining whether blood is in the gastric aspirate
163:. The initial assessment includes measurement of the
2077:
357:
double the rate of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
337:
with overlying clot. Pathology was consistent with
3447:
3333:
3326:
3267:
3181:
3138:
2984:
2975:
2928:
2882:
2837:
2723:
2610:
2500:
2487:
2362:
2236:
2227:
2151:
2081:
1971:
Gastrointestinal
Endoscopy Clinics of North America
1516:
Gastrointestinal
Endoscopy Clinics of North America
670:less than 2 may not require admission to hospital.
78:
66:
40:
35:
639:No past or present liver disease or heart failure
363:People are usually stratified into having either
147:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by
120:, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the
44:Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastrorrhagia
1871:
1869:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1840:Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
791:The above ulcer seen after endoscopic clipping
464:Hematobilia, or bleeding from the biliary tree
2204:
749:transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
633:Blood urea nitrogen level <18.2 mg/dL
8:
2310:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
2047:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1814:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1380:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1289:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1237:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1182:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1125:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
731:for the varices. If this is sufficient then
1715:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1668:Serpico, M; Riscinti, M (6 December 2019).
1562:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1250:
1248:
3330:
2981:
2497:
2349:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
2233:
2211:
2197:
2189:
2078:
1772:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
1663:
1661:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
707:For initial fluid replacement colloids or
627:Systolic blood pressure >109 mm Hg
49:
32:
1945:
1893:
1783:
1742:
1685:
1641:
1631:
1589:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1002:
950:
928:
926:
924:
904:
894:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1093:Cardiovascular Surgery (London, England)
539:
206:may also be useful. Procedures (such as
1926:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
868:
99:(maroon-coloured stool) in severe cases
2040:
1807:
1373:
1282:
1230:
1175:
1118:
829:About 75% of people presenting to the
273:concentrates on the following things:
2577:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
1915:
1913:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
58:Endoscopic image of a posterior wall
7:
933:Beyda, R; Johari, D (22 July 2019).
1466:"Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score"
478:superior mesenteric artery syndrome
767:should be administered to prevent
25:
3462:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
3309:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
2027:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.09.002
515:(vomiting of blood) is observed.
299:stigmata of chronic liver disease
3504:Gastrointestinal tract disorders
3207:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
1785:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03638.x
1360:10.1097/00004836-198404000-00004
2448:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
2443:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
2320:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
1882:New England Journal of Medicine
847:Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
432:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
106:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
36:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
3202:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
3052:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
2874:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
1938:10.1002/14651858.CD013176.pub2
1727:10.1002/14651858.CD006640.pub3
1574:10.1002/14651858.CD005415.pub4
1:
3259:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
1436:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61769-9
1313:Archives of Internal Medicine
1269:10.1016/S0735-6757(99)90021-9
1105:10.1016/S0967-2109(03)00004-8
803:to empty the stomach such as
3168:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
2687:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
2295:Esophageal motility disorder
1148:(7): 583–7, discussion 587.
610:A scoring system called the
305:Laboratory findings include
118:upper gastrointestinal tract
1852:10.1016/j.ccell.2010.02.004
1674:Academic Emergency Medicine
1620:Annals of Internal Medicine
1325:10.1001/archinte.150.7.1381
939:Academic Emergency Medicine
883:Annals of Internal Medicine
159:, and rarer causes such as
132:. Blood may be observed in
3525:
3153:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
2677:Functional colonic disease
2473:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
1983:10.1016/j.giec.2018.02.001
1528:10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.001
1217:10.1016/j.ajem.2005.11.005
1154:10.1177/000313480407000704
995:10.1136/gut.51.suppl_4.iv1
2354:Acute esophageal necrosis
741:Sengstaken-Blakemore tube
560:Negative predictive value
555:Positive predictive value
524:negative predictive value
114:gastrointestinal bleeding
57:
48:
2453:Gastric dumping syndrome
2328:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2315:Diffuse esophageal spasm
779:may decrease mortality.
668:Glasgow Blatchford score
657:The initial focus is on
377:causes (gastrorrhagia):
3069:Alcoholic liver disease
2602:Bile acid malabsorption
2546:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
470:, or bleeding from the
468:Hemosuccus pancreaticus
315:BUN-to-creatinine ratio
3079:Hepatic encephalopathy
2463:Buried bumper syndrome
2394:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
2278:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
2221:human digestive system
1348:J. Clin. Gastroenterol
852:Forrest classification
792:
502:
459:aorto-enteric fistulae
342:
232:coffee ground vomiting
200:Proton pump inhibitors
136:or in altered form as
89:coffee ground vomiting
3304:Pancreatic pseudocyst
3173:Porcelain gallbladder
2285:Zenker's diverticulum
1895:10.1056/NEJMoa1211801
1070:10.1056/NEJMcps062601
790:
663:Proton pump inhibitor
584:Physician assessment
493:
455:Vascular malformation
328:
3108:Hepatorenal syndrome
3047:Budd–Chiari syndrome
3004:Autoimmune hepatitis
2829:Intestinal adhesions
2587:Short bowel syndrome
2416:Functional dyspepsia
2334:Esophageal stricture
2300:Nutcracker esophagus
1142:The American Surgeon
1031:Global Family Doctor
831:emergency department
715:or if not available
644:Bayesian calculation
636:No melena or syncope
630:Pulse <100/minute
562:(prevalence of 39%)
520:nasogastric aspirate
267:physical examination
3509:Medical emergencies
3247:Choledocholithiasis
3118:Metabolic disorders
3084:Acute liver failure
3057:Portal hypertension
3009:Alcoholic hepatitis
2852:Radiation proctitis
2771:Mesenteric ischemia
2743:Gastroenterocolitis
2572:Blind loop syndrome
2382:Ménétrier's disease
2290:Barrett's esophagus
777:prothrombin complex
765:fresh frozen plasma
557:(prevalence of 39%)
542:
501:with visible vessel
437:Dieulafoy's lesions
295:portal hypertension
260:shortness of breath
194:, may be required.
3422:Undefined location
3413:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
3314:Pancreatic fistula
3297:Pancreatic abscess
3252:Biliary dyskinesia
3223:Mirizzi's syndrome
2724:Large and/or small
2404:Dieulafoy's lesion
2273:Boerhaave syndrome
2152:External resources
2071:2021-08-27 at the
1687:10.1111/acem.13899
989:(Suppl 4): iv1–6.
952:10.1111/acem.13835
793:
725:endoscopic banding
612:Glasgow-Blatchford
540:
528:ligament of Treitz
506:Diagnostic testing
503:
399:Mallory-Weiss tear
381:Esophageal varices
343:
313:, and an elevated
222:Signs and symptoms
157:esophageal varices
87:(vomiting blood),
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3322:
3321:
2924:
2923:
2781:Bowel obstruction
2483:
2482:
2186:
2185:
945:(10): 1181–1182.
801:Prokinetic agents
703:Variceal bleeding
607:control samples.
600:
599:
395:Esophageal ulcers
391:Esophageal cancer
329:Gastric ulcer in
269:performed by the
192:blood transfusion
188:Fluid replacement
184:medical emergency
175:to determine the
103:
102:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3516:
3474:Pneumoperitoneum
3331:
3241:Common bile duct
3123:Wilson's disease
3113:Peliosis hepatis
2982:
2859:Proctalgia fugax
2766:Abdominal angina
2691:Ogilvie syndrome
2640:Pseudomembranous
2498:
2458:Gastric volvulus
2423:Pyloric stenosis
2234:
2219:Diseases of the
2213:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2079:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1835:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1805:
1787:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1746:
1721:(11): CD006640.
1706:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1633:10.7326/M19-1795
1610:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1553:
1540:
1539:
1511:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1371:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1280:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1228:
1199:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1116:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1033:. Archived from
1023:
1017:
1016:
1006:
974:
965:
964:
954:
930:
919:
918:
908:
898:
896:10.7326/M19-1795
873:
797:nasogastric tube
543:
339:gastric lymphoma
202:are often used.
153:gastric erosions
73:Gastroenterology
53:
33:
21:
18:Stomach bleeding
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3478:
3443:
3432:Internal hernia
3318:
3263:
3228:Biliary fistula
3186:
3177:
3163:Adenomyomatosis
3158:Cholesterolosis
3134:
3128:Hemochromatosis
2999:Viral hepatitis
2971:
2920:
2878:
2864:Rectal prolapse
2833:
2800:Fecal impaction
2790:Intussusception
2753:Crohn's disease
2719:
2702:Toxic megacolon
2614:
2612:Large intestine
2606:
2551:Curling's ulcer
2504:
2502:Small intestine
2491:
2479:
2387:Gastroenteritis
2358:
2223:
2217:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2147:
2146:
2090:
2073:Wayback Machine
2062:
2057:
2056:
2039:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1932:(2): CD013176.
1919:
1918:
1911:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1837:
1836:
1823:
1806:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1626:(11): 805–822.
1612:
1611:
1607:
1568:(1): CD005415.
1555:
1554:
1543:
1513:
1512:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1372:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1310:
1309:
1298:
1281:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1229:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1174:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1117:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1064:(10): 1029–34.
1054:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1025:
1024:
1020:
976:
975:
968:
932:
931:
922:
889:(11): 805–822.
875:
874:
870:
865:
843:
827:
818:
785:
757:
705:
689:Tranexamic acid
676:
655:
646:
561:
556:
508:
497:image of small
488:
472:pancreatic duct
427:Gastric varices
323:
293:Assessment for
224:
204:Tranexamic acid
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3522:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3491:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3469:Hemoperitoneum
3466:
3465:
3464:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3339:
3337:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3193:
3191:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2990:
2988:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2938:Blood in stool
2934:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2911:Anal dysplasia
2908:
2903:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2778:
2776:Angiodysplasia
2773:
2768:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2711:Diverticulosis
2707:Diverticulitis
2704:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2684:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:Milroy disease
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2567:Tropical sprue
2564:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2520:
2518:
2495:
2489:Lower GI tract
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2229:Upper GI tract
2225:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2133:
2122:
2107:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:Classification
2076:
2075:
2061:
2060:External links
2058:
2055:
2054:
2004:
1977:(3): 261–275.
1961:
1909:
1865:
1821:
1758:
1701:
1680:(4): 336–338.
1657:
1605:
1541:
1477:
1457:
1430:(9657): 42–7.
1414:
1387:
1338:
1296:
1257:Am J Emerg Med
1244:
1205:Am J Emerg Med
1189:
1132:
1083:
1047:
1018:
966:
920:
867:
866:
864:
861:
860:
859:
854:
849:
842:
839:
826:
823:
817:
814:
784:
781:
769:coagulopathies
756:
755:Blood products
753:
745:Minnesota tube
704:
701:
675:
672:
654:
651:
645:
642:
641:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
598:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
581:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
564:
563:
558:
553:
550:
547:
507:
504:
487:
484:
483:
482:
481:
480:
474:
465:
462:
452:
450:Duodenal ulcer
441:
440:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
417:Gastric cancer
414:
403:
402:
401:
396:
393:
388:
383:
322:
319:
303:
302:
291:
281:
223:
220:
165:blood pressure
161:gastric cancer
101:
100:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
60:duodenal ulcer
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3521:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3343:Diaphragmatic
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:Cholecystitis
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3091:Liver abscess
3089:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:Liver failure
3072:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:Enterocolitis
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:Malabsorption
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Gastroparesis
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:Cushing ulcer
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:Megaesophagus
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2021:(4): 525–32.
2020:
2016:
2015:Ann Emerg Med
2008:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:(3): 381–93.
1845:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1522:(4): 657–70.
1521:
1517:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:(2): 119–21.
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1319:(7): 1381–4.
1318:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1037:on 2011-07-11
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
971:
967:
962:
958:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
927:
925:
921:
916:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
872:
869:
862:
858:
857:Rockall score
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
840:
838:
836:
832:
824:
822:
815:
813:
811:
806:
802:
798:
789:
782:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:beta blockers
730:
729:sclerotherapy
726:
722:
721:nitroglycerin
718:
714:
710:
702:
700:
698:
694:
690:
685:
681:
674:Peptic ulcers
673:
671:
669:
664:
660:
659:resuscitation
652:
650:
643:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
622:
621:
620:
616:
613:
608:
606:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
582:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
565:
559:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
538:
536:
535:orthotolidine
531:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
505:
500:
499:gastric ulcer
496:
492:
485:
479:
475:
473:
469:
466:
463:
460:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
445:
442:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
412:Gastric ulcer
410:
409:
407:
404:
400:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
366:
361:
358:
356:
352:
348:
340:
336:
332:
327:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
274:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
219:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:, as well as
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
171:, as well as
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:peptic ulcers
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
81:
77:
74:
71:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
3421:
3400:
3277:Pancreatitis
3239:
3189:biliary tree
3062:Nutmeg liver
3039:
2965:Hematochezia
2942:
2916:Pruritus ani
2901:Anal abscess
2896:Anal fistula
2892:Anal fissure
2805:Constipation
2759:
2630:Appendicitis
2438:Gastroptosis
2428:Achlorhydria
2267:
2256:Eosinophilic
2170:
2159:
2135:
2124:
2109:
2094:
2043:cite journal
2018:
2014:
2007:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1929:
1925:
1888:(1): 11–21.
1885:
1881:
1843:
1839:
1810:cite journal
1778:(9): 752–8.
1775:
1771:
1761:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1677:
1673:
1623:
1619:
1608:
1565:
1561:
1519:
1515:
1469:. Retrieved
1460:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1403:(7): 625–7.
1400:
1396:
1390:
1376:cite journal
1351:
1347:
1341:
1316:
1312:
1285:cite journal
1260:
1256:
1233:cite journal
1211:(3): 280–5.
1208:
1204:
1178:cite journal
1145:
1141:
1135:
1121:cite journal
1099:(3): 185–8.
1096:
1092:
1086:
1061:
1058:N Engl J Med
1057:
1050:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:the original
1030:
1021:
986:
982:
942:
938:
886:
882:
871:
828:
825:Epidemiology
819:
805:erythromycin
794:
758:
706:
693:Somatostatin
677:
656:
647:
618:
617:
609:
604:
601:
567:Gastroccult
532:
517:
509:
457:, including
369:
362:
359:
344:
311:coagulopathy
304:
264:
246:, including
240:hematochezia
225:
216:
181:
146:
109:
105:
104:
97:hematochezia
3457:Peritonitis
3219:Cholestasis
3197:Cholangitis
3140:Gallbladder
3028:Fatty liver
2948:Hematemesis
2930:GI bleeding
2736:Necrotizing
2665:Lymphocytic
2660:Collagenous
2655:Microscopic
2592:Steatorrhea
2493:Enteropathy
2339:Inlet patch
2261:Herpetiform
2246:Esophagitis
2161:MedlinePlus
1263:(1): 70–2.
835:hematemesis
717:vasopressin
680:crystalloid
552:Specificity
549:Sensitivity
513:hematemesis
386:Esophagitis
278:Vital signs
228:hematemesis
173:blood tests
138:black stool
85:Hematemesis
41:Other names
3493:Categories
3449:Peritoneal
3427:Incisional
3348:Congenital
3292:Hereditary
3269:Pancreatic
3233:Haemobilia
2906:Hemorrhoid
2884:Anal canal
2822:Infectious
2810:Functional
2645:Ulcerative
2529:Duodenitis
2468:Gastrinoma
2137:DiseasesDB
2066:Patient.uk
1471:2009-01-24
1397:Clin Pharm
1041:2010-11-24
863:References
810:Parenteral
783:Procedures
773:hemoglobin
713:octreotide
697:octreotide
495:Endoscopic
375:Esophageal
248:chest pain
177:hemoglobin
169:heart rate
3437:Richter's
3394:Spigelian
3389:Obturator
3379:Umbilical
3212:Ascending
3183:Bile duct
3016:Cirrhosis
2994:Hepatitis
2977:Accessory
2847:Proctitis
2698:Megacolon
2672:Dysentery
2582:Whipple's
2534:Jejunitis
2524:Enteritis
2411:Dyspepsia
2372:Gastritis
2305:Achalasia
2238:Esophagus
2172:eMedicine
1735:1469-493X
1582:1469-493X
816:Prognosis
761:platelets
653:Treatment
486:Diagnosis
422:Gastritis
284:Abdominal
271:physician
196:Endoscopy
122:esophagus
68:Specialty
3499:Bleeding
3367:Indirect
3362:Inguinal
3096:Pyogenic
3041:Vascular
2817:Diarrhea
2795:Volvulus
2761:Vascular
2700: /
2689: /
2650:Ischemic
2617:Appendix
2507:Duodenum
2377:Atrophic
2251:Candidal
2177:med/3565
2069:Archived
2035:15039700
1999:49377957
1991:29933774
1956:36723439
1904:23281973
1860:20691388
1802:24594884
1794:18248659
1753:25414987
1696:31808973
1652:31634917
1600:34995368
1536:21944416
1444:19091393
1225:16635697
1170:29517032
1162:15279179
1113:12704326
1078:17804848
1013:12208839
961:31329328
915:31634917
841:See also
737:nitrates
684:colloids
446:causes:
444:Duodenal
408:causes:
365:variceal
130:duodenum
80:Symptoms
3408:Petit's
3384:Femoral
3287:Chronic
3101:Amoebic
2869:Anismus
2635:Colitis
2562:Coeliac
2539:Ileitis
2511:Jejunum
2364:Stomach
2268:Rupture
2131:D006471
1947:9891197
1744:6599825
1643:7233308
1591:8741303
1452:1738579
1409:1617913
1368:6715849
1333:2196022
1277:9928705
1004:1867732
906:7233308
709:albumin
546:Finding
476:Severe
406:Gastric
335:stomach
256:fatigue
252:syncope
212:surgery
126:stomach
116:in the
3402:Lumbar
3372:Direct
3355:Hiatus
3335:Hernia
3187:Other
2953:Melena
2839:Rectum
2322:(GERD)
2166:003133
2033:
1997:
1989:
1954:
1944:
1902:
1858:
1800:
1792:
1751:
1741:
1733:
1694:
1650:
1640:
1598:
1588:
1580:
1534:
1450:
1442:
1424:Lancet
1407:
1366:
1331:
1275:
1223:
1168:
1160:
1111:
1076:
1011:
1001:
959:
913:
903:
347:NSAIDs
331:antrum
321:Causes
307:anemia
288:rectal
244:anemia
236:melena
93:melena
3327:Other
3282:Acute
3033:MASLD
2986:Liver
2960:Lower
2943:Upper
2785:Ileus
2621:Colon
2515:Ileum
2330:(LPR)
2142:19317
2120:578.9
2105:K92.2
1995:S2CID
1798:S2CID
1448:S2CID
1166:S2CID
355:SSRIs
351:SSRIs
238:, or
142:shock
134:vomit
128:, or
112:) is
2715:SCAD
2126:MeSH
2115:9-CM
2049:link
2031:PMID
1987:PMID
1952:PMID
1930:2023
1900:PMID
1856:PMID
1816:link
1790:PMID
1749:PMID
1731:ISSN
1719:2014
1692:PMID
1648:PMID
1596:PMID
1578:ISSN
1532:PMID
1440:PMID
1405:PMID
1382:link
1364:PMID
1329:PMID
1291:link
1273:PMID
1239:link
1221:PMID
1184:link
1158:PMID
1127:link
1109:PMID
1074:PMID
1009:PMID
957:PMID
911:PMID
763:and
735:and
719:and
695:and
682:and
596:20%
579:96%
349:and
297:and
286:and
265:The
258:and
208:TIPS
167:and
110:UGIB
3021:PBC
2748:IBD
2682:IBS
2111:ICD
2096:ICD
2023:doi
1979:doi
1942:PMC
1934:doi
1890:doi
1886:368
1848:doi
1780:doi
1739:PMC
1723:doi
1682:doi
1638:PMC
1628:doi
1624:171
1586:PMC
1570:doi
1524:doi
1432:doi
1428:373
1356:doi
1321:doi
1317:150
1265:doi
1213:doi
1150:doi
1101:doi
1066:doi
1062:357
999:PMC
991:doi
983:Gut
947:doi
901:PMC
891:doi
887:171
743:or
727:or
605:all
593:53%
590:55%
587:79%
576:77%
573:82%
570:95%
333:of
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3185:/
2783::
2764::
2560::
2175::
2164::
2140::
2129::
2118::
2103::
2100:10
2045:}}
2041:{{
2029:.
2019:43
2017:.
1993:.
1985:.
1975:28
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