382:
343:
124:
141:
37:
397:, the only Confederate prison in the state for captured Union troops. Originally built with a capacity for 2,000 prisoners, the prison eventually held 10,000, with resulting problems of malnutrition and disease. The Confederates evacuated the prison before Union troops arrived, but the latter set fire to the entire structure. The resulting conflagration could be seen for miles. A detachment of 1,000 troops under Colonel John K. Miller then proceeded towards the
334:
with 1,500 men." On March 18 Brigadier Gillem took three brigades—comprising three regiments each—to carry out
Stoneman's orders. One was commanded by Colonel William J. Palmer, another by Brevet Brigadier Simeon B. Brown, and the last by Colonel John K. Miller. The artillery battery was led by Lieutenant James M. Regan.
405:
trestle there. The rail line was protected by 1,000–1,600 Confederate troops stationed in Fort York atop a bluff on the opposite side of the river. Stoneman dispatched artillery to Miller's troops but they were unable to cross the river and after 5.5 hours they withdrew towards
Salisbury, dismantling
333:
with Grant's forces in
Virginia at near Petersburg and Richmond. Impatient with the delay, Grant wired Thomas on March 19, writing "If Stoneman has not got off on his expedition, start him off at once with whatever force you can give him. He will not meet with opposition now that cannot be overcome
312:
to prepare the
Eleventh Kentucky, Twelfth Kentucky, and Eleventh Michigan Cavalry Regiments for his expedition. Stoneman's organization took longer than Grant expected, as he attempted to find sufficient horses to carry out the raid. In the meantime, Union forces under General
635:
292:
to remove
Stoneman from any commands due to his failure in Georgia. With his reputation as an effective commander restored, in February 1865 Stoneman was appointed Commander of the District of East Tennessee. Grant wrote to General
764:
774:
769:
354:, where they were received favorably by the locals. East of the town at Bull's Gap, the force split into two groups, with one marching directly east and the other going through Carter's Station and the
317:
had entered
Columbia, rendering it no longer necessary for Stoneman to attack South Carolina. Thomas then revised his orders for Stoneman, ordering him to leave Tennessee through the
370:. They also burned half of the town of Abingdon on their way North. On April 9, 1865, they re-entered North Carolina and traveled south to the twin towns of Winston and Salem, now
440:, North Carolina. It was the largest surrender of Confederate soldiers and it ended the war. Stoneman's 1865 raid covered over 600 miles in total length through three states.
739:
301:
to destroy railroads and supplies, and free prisoners in
Salisbury. Thomas' subsequent instructions specified that Stoneman was "to destroy but not to fight battles".
381:
448:
The state of North
Carolina later erected historical markers in each community where Stoneman's cavalry camped or fought during the raid, including west of
744:
205:
201:
699:
661:
284:. Schofield authorized the southwest Virginia attack in December but postponed the North Carolina foray. Stoneman successfully carried out
325:
to sabotage the eastern portion of the
Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and thus cutoff escape routes for Confederate troops under General
318:
185:
358:
to avoid
Confederate forces in Jonesboro. The Union soldiers were tasked with orders to "dismantle the country". They headed east into
596:
367:
252:
In the later stages of the war from 1864 to 1865, Union forces concentrated on breaking Confederate strongholds. In 1864 General
754:
277:
197:
193:
189:
342:
371:
145:
140:
453:
418:
42:
410:
425:, before re-entering Tennessee on April 26, 1865. Hundreds of freed slaves accompanied them as they left Asheville.
784:
779:
749:
449:
414:
375:
132:
104:
609:
36:
759:
636:"Retrospective I: A Primer on the Sad Truths of Slavery in Asheville, Buncombe County and Western North Carolina"
422:
390:
281:
288:, boosting his reputation, while Schofield successfully reversed an order from the Secretary of War and General
322:
314:
298:
402:
285:
457:
437:
261:
351:
308:
to bring his Eighth, Ninth, and Thirteenth Tennessee Cavalry Regiments into the operation and went to
309:
330:
305:
294:
170:
161:
46:
718:
429:
237:
166:
28:
695:
657:
592:
394:
273:
265:
257:
253:
241:
157:
244:, in the region of eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina and southwestern Virginia.
359:
269:
89:
733:
433:
355:
326:
289:
128:
123:
406:
the railway track on the Rowan side of the river but failing to destroy the bridge.
268:. Released after a prisoner exchange in October 1864, he was made deputy to General
398:
409:
The Union troops traveled west in North Carolina, destroying military supplies in
297:, Stoneman's superior, authorizing him to allow Stoneman to carry out a raid into
709:
Van Noppen, Ina W. (January 1961). "The Significance of Stoneman's Last Raid".
366:
on April 2, where they destroyed 150 miles of railroad track belonging to the
85:
694:(10th ed.). Raleigh: North Carolina Office of Archives and History.
385:
The federal forces burned the Confederate prison in Salisbury (depicted).
363:
93:
722:
260:, leading an expedition to liberate prisoners, but was captured by
380:
341:
765:
Military operations of the American Civil War in North Carolina
280:
and the saltworks in Saltville followed by an attack towards
401:
on the Rowan-Davidson County line in attempt to destroy the
350:
On March 23, 1865, the nine Union cavalry regiments entered
775:
Military operations of the American Civil War in Tennessee
475:
473:
276:. He proposed a raid in southwest Virginia to destroy the
770:
Military operations of the American Civil War in Virginia
236:, was a military campaign in the Upper South during the
591:. The University of North Carolina Press, pp. 118–126
393:, a major railroad hub, military depot, and home to
692:Guide to North Carolina Highway Historical Markers
654:Insiders' Guide to Civil War Sites in the South
610:"Fort York: The Last Confederate Victory in NC"
587:W. Buck Yearns, John Gilchrist Barrett (2001).
428:This was the same day that Confederate General
21:
186:3rd North Carolina Mounted Infantry Regiments
8:
640:Asheville Junction: A Blog by David Whisnant
575:
563:
551:
539:
527:
515:
503:
491:
479:
35:
18:
240:, by Union cavalry troops led by General
656:, 4th edition. Insiders' Guide. p. 298.
740:Cavalry raids of the American Civil War
469:
49:led the cavalry during Stoneman's raid
7:
711:The North Carolina Historical Review
673:
589:North Carolina Civil War Documentary
16:American Civil War military campaign
634:Whisnant, David (29 August 2015).
432:surrendered to General Sherman at
14:
608:Hinshaw, Wayne (March 28, 2017).
368:Virginia & Tennessee Railroad
389:On April 12, 1865, they entered
198:13th Tennessee Cavalry Regiments
139:
122:
278:Virginia and Tennessee Railroad
206:12th Kentucky Cavalry Regiments
745:1865 in the American Civil War
1:
304:Stoneman wrote to Brigadier
45:marking location where Gen.
43:Blowing Rock, North Carolina
690:Hill, Michael, ed. (2007).
652:Shannon Hurst Lane (2010).
801:
362:, then headed north into
282:Salisbury, North Carolina
214:
176:
151:
115:
53:
34:
26:
676:, pp. 81, 202, 228.
323:Christiansburg, Virginia
315:William Tecumseh Sherman
299:Columbia, South Carolina
69: – April 26, 1865
755:1865 in North Carolina
386:
347:
262:Confederate Home Guard
152:Commanders and leaders
384:
352:Morristown, Tennessee
345:
232:in 1865, also called
215:Casualties and losses
41:Historical marker in
346:Stoneman's last raid
310:Louisville, Kentucky
234:Stoneman's last raid
22:Stoneman's 1865 raid
306:Alvan Cullem Gillem
295:George Henry Thomas
272:, commander of the
171:P. G. T. Beauregard
47:Alvan Cullem Gillem
430:Joseph E. Johnston
387:
348:
256:led forces in the
238:American Civil War
167:Joseph E. Johnston
29:American Civil War
785:April 1865 events
780:March 1865 events
750:1865 in Tennessee
701:978-0-86526-328-4
662:978-0-7627-5522-6
578:, pp. 29–30.
566:, pp. 28–29.
518:, pp. 24–25.
506:, pp. 23–24.
494:, pp. 22–23.
227:
226:
146:CSA (Confederacy)
111:
110:
792:
760:1865 in Virginia
726:
705:
677:
671:
665:
650:
644:
643:
631:
625:
624:
622:
620:
605:
599:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
537:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
395:Salisbury Prison
274:Army of the Ohio
266:Clinton, Georgia
258:Atlanta campaign
144:
143:
127:
126:
76:
74:
68:
66:
55:
54:
39:
19:
800:
799:
795:
794:
793:
791:
790:
789:
730:
729:
708:
702:
689:
686:
681:
680:
672:
668:
651:
647:
633:
632:
628:
618:
616:
607:
606:
602:
586:
582:
576:Van Noppen 1961
574:
570:
564:Van Noppen 1961
562:
558:
552:Van Noppen 1961
550:
546:
540:Van Noppen 1961
538:
534:
528:Van Noppen 1961
526:
522:
516:Van Noppen 1961
514:
510:
504:Van Noppen 1961
502:
498:
492:Van Noppen 1961
490:
486:
480:Van Noppen 1961
478:
471:
466:
446:
340:
321:valley towards
254:George Stoneman
250:
242:George Stoneman
230:Stoneman's raid
200:
188:
183:
169:
160:
158:George Stoneman
138:
121:
96:
72:
70:
64:
62:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
798:
796:
788:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
732:
731:
728:
727:
706:
700:
685:
682:
679:
678:
666:
645:
626:
614:Salisbury Post
600:
580:
568:
556:
544:
532:
520:
508:
496:
484:
468:
467:
465:
462:
445:
442:
360:North Carolina
339:
336:
270:John Schofield
249:
246:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
212:
211:
208:
179:
178:
174:
173:
164:
154:
153:
149:
148:
136:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
102:
98:
97:
90:North Carolina
84:
82:
78:
77:
61:March 23, 1865
59:
51:
50:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
797:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
735:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
703:
697:
693:
688:
687:
683:
675:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
649:
646:
641:
637:
630:
627:
615:
611:
604:
601:
598:
597:0-8078-5358-5
594:
590:
584:
581:
577:
572:
569:
565:
560:
557:
554:, p. 28.
553:
548:
545:
542:, p. 27.
541:
536:
533:
530:, p. 25.
529:
524:
521:
517:
512:
509:
505:
500:
497:
493:
488:
485:
482:, p. 19.
481:
476:
474:
470:
463:
461:
459:
455:
451:
443:
441:
439:
435:
434:Bennett Place
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
383:
379:
377:
373:
372:Winston-Salem
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:Watauga River
353:
344:
337:
335:
332:
328:
327:Robert E. Lee
324:
320:
316:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
291:
290:Ulysses Grant
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
222:
219:
218:
213:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
181:
180:
175:
172:
168:
165:
163:
159:
156:
155:
150:
147:
142:
137:
134:
130:
129:United States
125:
120:
119:
114:
106:
103:
100:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
79:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
717:(1): 19–44.
714:
710:
691:
669:
653:
648:
639:
629:
617:. Retrieved
613:
603:
588:
583:
571:
559:
547:
535:
523:
511:
499:
487:
454:Blowing Rock
447:
427:
419:Taylorsville
408:
399:Yadkin River
388:
374:, and on to
349:
303:
251:
233:
229:
228:
162:Alvan Gillem
116:Belligerents
27:Part of the
684:Works cited
619:October 23,
411:Statesville
329:, who were
734:Categories
464:References
450:Lewisville
415:Lincolnton
376:High Point
248:Background
73:1865-04-27
65:1865-03-23
674:Hill 2007
456:, and in
423:Asheville
391:Salisbury
319:New River
86:Tennessee
723:23516987
364:Virginia
286:his raid
184:2nd and
182:4-6,000:
177:Strength
94:Virginia
81:Location
403:railway
331:engaged
223:Unknown
220:Unknown
210:Unknown
107:victory
71: (
63: (
721:
698:
660:
595:
458:Dobson
444:Legacy
438:Durham
421:, and
101:Result
719:JSTOR
452:, in
436:, in
133:Union
105:Union
696:ISBN
658:ISBN
621:2021
593:ISBN
338:Raid
204:and
202:11th
196:and
58:Date
264:at
194:9th
190:8th
736::
715:38
713:.
638:.
612:.
472:^
460:.
417:,
413:,
378:.
192:,
92:,
88:,
725:.
704:.
664:.
642:.
623:.
135:)
131:(
75:)
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
