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while at the end of the painting are the
Phoenician ships, and the Greeks killing the foreigners who are scrambling into them. Here is also a portrait of the hero Marathon, after whom the plain is named, of Theseus represented as coming up from the under-world, of Athena and of Heracles. The Marathonians, according to their own account, were the first to regard Heracles as a god. Of the fighters the most conspicuous figures in the painting are Callimachus, who had been elected commander-in-chief by the Athenians, Miltiades, one of the generals, and a hero called Echetlus, of whom I shall make mention later.
241:
31:
39:
1904:
516:. The foundations of this gate are formed of poros blocks and consist of two large piers, with a 2.5 metre gap of hard-packed gravel for traffic. Only two blocks from the superstructure (a higher quality poros) survive. It is not possible to reconstruct its appearance, but it must have been a large and "imposing" structure. Pottery found in the packing of the road ranges from 325 BC to a little after 300 BC, indicating that it was constructed around 300 BC. The
1771:
589:
in 1982. Only the western corner of the stoa was excavated. This discovery disproved Shoe Meritt's theory, since the measurements of the foundations do not match the architectural fragments from the Late
Antique wall. Architectural fragments that do fit the foundations were found scattered around the
299:
The stoa was oriented so that it extended from south-west to north-east. The northern (back) wall is 1.40 metres wide and has been uncovered for a length of 10.40 metres. The total length of the stoa is unknown, but at least 46 metres would be proportionate with the stoa's depth. It probably extended
231:
mentions that the paintings had been removed by a Roman governor, apparently not long before. The building was still standing in the fifth century AD when the "late Roman stoa" was built to the west; this building rested against the Stoa
Poikile's west wall. Debris over the remains suggest that it
464:
At the end of the painting are those who fought at
Marathon; the Boeotians of Plataea and the Attic contingent are coming to blows with the foreigners. In this place neither side has the better, but the center of the fighting shows the foreigners in flight and pushing one another into the morass,
324:
columns with poros shafts and marble capitals, which supported the ridge of the roof. This makes it the earliest known building at Athens to combine the Doric and Ionic orders. A set of rough poros blocks running along the inside of the back wall probably supported a bench running along the back
203:
refers to "trifling arguments from the
Poikile Stoa" in a joke about philosophers. Some philosophers spoke to their followers while walking up and down the stoa, but there were benches where people could sit and listen to lectures. There was also an area - probably the steps - where beggars
300:
all or most of the way to the next north–south street, which enters the agora about 55 metres to the east. The west side-wall was 12.6 metres long and (at the level of the foundations) 2.68 metres thick. The foundation consisted of three steps of hard, fine-grained
555:
identified these as fragments of the Stoa
Poikile. The foundations of the stoa were discovered during new American excavations in the northwestern corner of the Agora at 13 Hadrianou Street, which took place between 1980 and 1982 under the leadership of
530:
The structure was demolished before or during the construction of the Late Roman Stoa in the 5th century AD. The west pier wasthen used as the base for a columnar monument; the Ionic base is still in situ on top of it.
320:, which consisted of marble panels that slotted in between the triglyphs, were 0.615 metres wide. This frieze continued around the west and east sides of the stoa. Inside, there was an interior colonnade of narrow
328:
The packing of the foundation consisted of poros chips and red earth which contained numerous sherds of pottery that date almost exclusively to the 460s BC, indicating that this was the date of construction.
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2200:
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83:. It was one of the most famous sites in ancient Athens, owing its fame to the paintings and war-booty displayed within it and to its association with ancient Greek philosophy, especially
173:
made an announcement that all non-initiates must keep out of the way. Sources from the mid-fourth century BC mention its use as a law court and as the venue for official arbitrations.
248:
308:
graffito indicates that the blocks were reused from some earlier context. The southern side of the stoa was the main façade. There were four steps and a Doric colonnade, with an
158:"made away with" 1400 Athenian citizens in 403 BC. It is unclear whether this means that the stoa was where they sentenced them to death or where they were actually executed.
304:
of very fine workmanship, joined very precisely with iron double-T clamps sealed in place with lead. The steps show substantial wear from use as seating. An upside-down
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212:
presents philosophers teaching and debating there in several works. In the
Imperial period, it was also a site of street entertainment; the second-century AD novelist
2260:
2137:
252:
The excavated area of the northwest corner of the Agora, from the south. At right, the Stoa
Poikile; in the lower foreground, the Hellenistic gate; at left, the
1928:
223:
A gate over the street to the west was added in the
Hellenistic period, which was joined to the west side of the stoa. The stoa apparently survived the
1840:
352:
The stoa contained four famous paintings, which have not survived, but are mentioned by many authors, particularly the 2nd-century AD travel writer
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2127:
1429:
540:
500:
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refers to "the unshod, cadaverous people who spend their time in the
Poikile" and to "chattering philosophers making trouble there."
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475:
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1958:
1933:
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states that the stoa contained "many paintings", and other paintings are mentioned by various authors, including a painting by
2078:
1833:
523:
This gate is mentioned by Pausanias, who says that it had a trophy on top commemorating the Athenian cavalry victory over
512:
a gate was built over the north–south street, which abutted on the stoa's west wall and aligned perfectly with its front
2215:
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1863:
273:
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The stoa is frequently mentioned in literary and epigraphical sources. It was built by one Peisianax, a cousin of
456:
The painting of the Battle of Marathon displayed the confidence and identity of the Athenians in the wake of the
2009:
547:
found a set of architectural fragments of a stoa that had been reused in a Late Antique wall to the west of the
2235:
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1888:
1883:
1826:
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contrast with the (presumably) historic battle of Oenoe, apparently the first important Athenian victory over
292:. Another north–south street probably bounded the eastern edge of the stoa and somewhere further east was the
2101:
1775:
448:
at Marathon. This contrast is a theme in the art and literature of Athens from the fifth century BC onwards.
2255:
2029:
1849:
393:, by far the most frequently mentioned, which different sources attribute to Micon, Polygnotus, or Panaenus.
365:
264:
as one entered the Agora. To the west was a narrow north–south street. On the other side of that street was
240:
80:
43:
30:
2070:
2014:
1963:
557:
551:. These consisted of a Doric entablature and Oinic interior columns of mid-fifth century BC date. In 1970
517:
432:
The set of paintings sharply juxtaposes mythical and historical events, so that the mythical victories of
353:
55:
2065:
568:
402:
191:, was particularly closely associated with the stoa, where he taught from around 300 BC until his death
1873:
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38:
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1983:
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1953:
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34:
Plan of the Agora at the end of the Classical Period (ca. 300 BC); the Stoa Poikiles is number 11.
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as a key memorial of Athens' ancestral valour. Bronze shields captured from the Spartans at the
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356:. These paintings were probably on wooden boards on the back wall of the stoa and depicted:
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The stoa was located at the northwest corner of the Agora, on the left (north) side of the
2004:
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548:
383:
361:
147:
in 421 BC were set up in the stoa, where they could still be seen in the 2nd century AD.
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frieze of poros, which was 0.718 metres high. The triglyphs were 0.384 metres wide; the
1893:
1878:
281:
188:
155:
2194:
2082:
584:
224:
99:, in the 460s BC, and it was therefore originally known as the "Peisianactean Stoa" (
1918:
1805:
1441:"The South Frieze of the Nike Temple and the Marathon Painting in the Painted Stoa"
457:
372:
1482:"Herodotos' Account of the Battle of Marathon and the Picture in the Stoa Poikile"
1419:
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1740:
1725:"The Battle of Oinoe, the Painting in the Stoa Poikile, and Thucydides' Silence"
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484:
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went out of use and was quarried for building material in the sixth century AD.
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200:
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112:
79:(a covered walkway or portico) erected around 460 BC on the north side of the
2176:
2163:
1748:
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1636:
de Angelis, Francesco (1996). "La battaglia di Maratona nella Stoa poikile".
1620:
1579:
1538:
1505:
1464:
1378:
1355:"The Battle of Oinoe in the Stoa Poikile: A Problem in Greek Art and History"
1326:
2147:
1612:
1556:"The Oenoe Painting in the Stoa Poikile, and Herodotus' Account of Marathon"
1497:
422:
398:
205:
132:
17:
1655:
Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
1527:
Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
1315:
Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
1818:
1770:
539:
The stoa was uncovered as part of the Agora excavations undertaken by the
313:
228:
213:
196:
170:
120:
96:
84:
1756:
1724:
1715:
1683:
1587:
1513:
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1386:
1354:
1948:
1684:"Παλαιά τε καὶ καινά. Erodoto e il ciclo figurativo della Stoà Poikile"
1628:
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611:
433:
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280:. To the southwest, on the other side of the Panathenaic Way, were the
124:
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Late Roman column base on top of the west pier of the Hellenistic gate
244:
Ruins of the western end of the Stoa Poikile, seen from the southwest.
1555:
441:
426:
333:
317:
209:
144:
1456:
513:
499:
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301:
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127:). The sources disagree on which painter produced which painting.
116:
37:
29:
1814:
Agora Excavations, American School of Classical Studies in Athens
1801:
Agora Excavations, American School of Classical Studies in Athens
111:). Inside the stoa, there were a set of paintings on tablets, by
2142:
1348:. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
622:
and volutes and without a cyma reversa profile for the echinus:
520:
foundations of a monument base stand in front of the west pier.
437:
76:
1822:
364:,which is otherwise unknown, but perhaps took place during the
1783:
106:
100:
63:
1345:
The Athenian Agora III: Literary and Epigraphical Testimonia
195:
262 BC. The philosophical school that he founded was named
796:
794:
268:
and (in the Roman period) a temple, probably dedicated to
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767:
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735:
650:
648:
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642:
2246:
Buildings and structures completed in the 5th century BC
2201:
Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century BC
665:
663:
375:, attributed to Micon or Panaenus by different sources;
204:
customarily sat. The second century AD epistolographer
2251:
Buildings and structures demolished in the 6th century
1217:
1215:
1178:
1176:
1174:
154:, was the site where the oligarchic government of the
1039:
1037:
1000:
998:
913:
911:
2115:
2043:
1992:
1911:
1856:
1651:"Excavations in the Athenian Agora 1996 and 1997"
135:, and other authors point to the painting of the
2211:Ancient Greek buildings and structures in Athens
199:as a result. The late third-century BC comedian
693:, pp. 376–378 for the family relationship.
567:. The excavation of the stoa was supervised by
462:
417:supplicating the Athenians for protection from
276:. To the south was the drain that conveyed the
2138:American School of Classical Studies at Athens
1523:"The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1980-1982"
1115:
1834:
8:
1929:Temple of Zeus Phratrios and Athena Phratria
332:By the second century AD, bronze statues of
1257:
702:
686:
1841:
1827:
1819:
1597:"The Marathon Epigram in the Stoa Poikile"
1595:Francis, E. D.; Vickers, Michael (1985b).
1560:The Annual of the British School at Athens
1421:Athenian Propertied Families, 600-300 B.C.
1359:The Annual of the British School at Athens
1165:"Perseus Under Philologic: Paus.%201.15.3"
46:in the Roman Imperial period (ca. 150 AD).
1729:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
1688:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
1554:Francis, E. D.; Vickers, Michael (1985).
1311:"Excavations in the Athenian Agora: 1949"
1139:
1127:
1103:
1091:
878:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
785:
773:
758:
741:
726:
714:
654:
618:), but with a reduced fascia between the
606:The capitals are similar to those of the
344:, and others stood in front of the stoa.
227:of 267 AD intact. In a letter of 396 AD,
1245:
436:over the Amazons and of the Greeks over
2226:Commemoration of the battle of Marathon
638:
599:
180:often taught in the stoa. The homeless
690:
479:Reconstruction of the painting of the
2261:Cultural depictions of the Trojan War
1293:
1281:
1269:
1233:
1221:
1206:
1194:
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1151:
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941:
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7:
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541:American School of Classical Studies
444:, and the Athenian victory over the
176:From the fourth century BC onwards,
115:(who painted his portion for free),
1789:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
460:. Of this painting Pausanias says:
187:spent his time there. His student,
578:and Margaret Miles in 1981 and by
425:playing the lyre, and a battle at
312:of 1.998 metres. Above this was a
25:
27:"Painted Porch" in ancient Athens
1959:Monument of the Eponymous Heroes
1902:
1769:
143:in 425 BC and from the siege of
1445:American Journal of Archaeology
862:"Synesius, Letter 054 – Livius"
590:northwest corner of the Agora.
489:Hallisches Winckelmannsprogramm
2133:Ancient Agora of Athens Museum
1:
1723:Luginbill, Robert D. (2014).
421:, a picture of the tragedian
274:Classical Commercial Building
192:
1439:Harrison, Evelyn B. (1972).
1418:Davies, John Kenyon (1971).
1397:(1970). "The Stoa Poikile".
107:
64:
2107:Church of the Holy Apostles
1741:10.25162/historia-2014-0015
1700:10.25162/historia-2008-0014
1309:Thompson, Homer A. (1950).
483:in the Stoa Poikile, after
2282:
1864:Altar of Aphrodite Ourania
1116:Francis & Vickers 1985
254:Temple of Aphrodite Urania
101:
59:
1900:
1572:10.1017/S0068245400007516
1521:Shear, T. Leslie (1984).
1371:10.1017/S0068245400013861
1342:Wycherley, R. E. (1957).
2266:Hellenistic architecture
2089:Southeast Fountain House
2056:Southwest Fountain House
1924:Temple of Apollo Patroos
1884:Altar of the Twelve Gods
1682:Todini, Lellida (2008).
1649:Camp, John McK. (1999).
290:Altar of the Twelve Gods
161:At the beginning of the
2231:Ancient Agora of Athens
2102:Gymnasium of the Giants
1919:Stoa of Zeus Eleutheros
1850:Ancient Agora of Athens
1613:10.1163/156852585X00546
1498:10.3406/antiq.1978.3625
1353:Jeffery, L. H. (1965).
366:First Peloponnesian War
123:(a younger relative of
81:Ancient Agora of Athens
44:Ancient Agora of Athens
1964:Altar of Zeus Agoraios
1812:), on the page of the
788:, pp. 31, 35, 45.
729:, pp. 32, 35, 37.
505:
492:
473:
257:
245:
108:hē Peisianákteios stoá
47:
35:
1778:at Wikimedia Commons
1486:L'Antiquité Classique
1480:Massaro, Vin (1978).
1106:, pp. 31, 42–43.
503:
478:
272:. To the north was a
251:
243:
102:ἡ Πεισιανάκτειος στοά
41:
33:
2025:Library of Pantainos
1984:Temple of Hephaestus
689:, pp. 255–256;
558:T. Leslie Shear, Jr.
220:and gymnasts there.
163:Eleusinian Mysteries
141:Battle of Sphacteria
2216:Education in Athens
2177:37.9763°N 23.7230°E
2173: /
1799:on the page of the
1248:, pp. 327–329.
932:, pp. 274–281.
1118:, pp. 99–113.
717:, pp. 31, 37.
569:Ione Mylonas Shear
510:Hellenistic period
506:
493:
481:Battle of Marathon
452:Battle of Marathon
391:Battle of Marathon
258:
246:
137:Battle of Marathon
48:
36:
2206:Victory monuments
2156:
2155:
2097:Odeion of Agrippa
1874:Stoa of the Herms
1774:Media related to
1431:978-0-19-814273-7
1424:Clarendon Press.
1395:Shoe Meritt, Lucy
1296:, p. 9 n. 8.
1284:, p. 5 n. 4.
1236:, pp. 21–22.
1197:, pp. 22–23.
1154:, pp. 18–19.
1082:, pp. 12–13.
992:, pp. 17–18.
905:, pp. 16–17.
893:, pp. 15–16.
851:, pp. 38–39.
672:, pp. 13–14.
545:Homer A. Thompson
470:Pausanias 1.15.3.
368:(author unknown);
310:intercolumniation
294:Stoa of the Herms
216:reports watching
182:Cynic philosopher
152:Diogenes Laertius
16:(Redirected from
2273:
2188:
2187:
2185:
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2183:
2182:37.9763; 23.7230
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2174:
2171:
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2116:Related Articles
2020:Southeast Temple
2000:Square Peristyle
1979:Agoraios Kolonos
1974:Southwest Temple
1944:New Bouleuterion
1939:Old Bouleuterion
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1607:(3/4): 390–393.
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627:
626:, pp. 11–12
616:Southeast Temple
608:Temple of Athena
604:
588:
577:
566:
553:Lucy Shoe Meritt
496:Hellenistic gate
471:
386:, by Polygnotus;
270:Aphrodite Urania
218:sword swallowers
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2005:Stoa of Attalos
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1806:Agora inv. 7554
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384:Ajax the Lesser
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334:Hermes Agoraeus
262:Panathenaic Way
238:
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70:Painted Portico
65:hē poikílē stoá
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2263:
2258:
2256:Amazons in art
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2035:City Eleusnion
2032:
2030:Southeast Stoa
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1894:Temple of Ares
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1810:kalos graffito
1803:
1794:
1784:"Stoa Poikile"
1766:
1765:External links
1763:
1762:
1761:
1735:(3): 278–292.
1720:
1694:(3): 255–262.
1679:
1661:(3): 255–283.
1646:
1633:
1592:
1551:
1518:
1492:(2): 458–475.
1477:
1457:10.2307/502871
1451:(4): 353–378.
1436:
1430:
1415:
1405:(4): 233–264.
1391:
1350:
1339:
1321:(4): 313–337.
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1260:, p. 233.
1250:
1238:
1226:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1170:
1156:
1144:
1140:Wycherley 1957
1132:
1128:Wycherley 1957
1120:
1108:
1104:Wycherley 1957
1096:
1092:Wycherley 1957
1084:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1033:
1021:
1009:
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
907:
895:
883:
879:Wycherley 1957
871:
866:www.livius.org
853:
849:Wycherley 1957
841:
837:Wycherley 1957
829:
825:Wycherley 1957
817:
813:Wycherley 1957
805:
801:Wycherley 1957
790:
786:Wycherley 1957
778:
774:Wycherley 1957
763:
759:Wycherley 1957
746:
742:Wycherley 1957
731:
727:Wycherley 1957
719:
715:Wycherley 1957
707:
705:, p. 256.
695:
674:
659:
655:Wycherley 1957
637:
635:
632:
629:
628:
598:
597:
595:
592:
580:John McK. Camp
536:
533:
497:
494:
467:
453:
450:
395:
394:
387:
376:
369:
349:
346:
282:Stoa Basileios
237:
234:
189:Zeno of Citium
156:Thirty Tyrants
119:, and perhaps
92:
89:
60:ἡ ποικίλη στοά
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2278:
2267:
2264:
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2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
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2239:
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2199:
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2149:
2146:
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2129:
2126:
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2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:South Stoa II
2080:
2079:East Building
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
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2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
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1962:
1960:
1957:
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1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
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1910:
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1561:
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1528:
1524:
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1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
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1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
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1437:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
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1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
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1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:Thompson 1950
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1224:, p. 20.
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1209:, p. 21.
1208:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1185:, p. 19.
1184:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1142:, p. 42.
1141:
1136:
1133:
1130:, p. 81.
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1070:, p. 11.
1069:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1019:, p. 14.
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
986:
983:
979:
974:
971:
967:
962:
959:
956:, p. 17.
955:
950:
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
926:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
899:
896:
892:
887:
884:
881:, p. 44.
880:
875:
872:
867:
863:
857:
854:
850:
845:
842:
839:, p. 32.
838:
833:
830:
827:, p. 38.
826:
821:
818:
815:, p. 35.
814:
809:
806:
803:, p. 33.
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
782:
779:
776:, p. 34.
775:
770:
768:
764:
761:, p. 36.
760:
755:
753:
751:
747:
744:, p. 40.
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
723:
720:
716:
711:
708:
704:
699:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:Scholiast on
678:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
657:, p. 31.
656:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
639:
633:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
603:
600:
593:
591:
586:
581:
575:
570:
564:
559:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
532:
528:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
502:
495:
490:
486:
482:
477:
466:
461:
459:
451:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
392:
388:
385:
382:and trial of
381:
377:
374:
370:
367:
363:
359:
358:
357:
355:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
250:
242:
235:
233:
230:
226:
225:Herulian Sack
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
198:
190:
186:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
150:According to
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
98:
90:
88:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
66:
57:
56:Ancient Greek
53:
45:
40:
32:
19:
2158:
2128:Tyrannicides
2071:South Square
2066:South Stoa I
1869:Stoa Poikile
1868:
1813:
1800:
1797:Stoa Poikile
1787:
1776:Stoa Poikile
1768:
1732:
1728:
1691:
1687:
1658:
1654:
1641:
1637:
1604:
1600:
1563:
1559:
1530:
1526:
1489:
1485:
1448:
1444:
1420:
1402:
1398:
1362:
1358:
1344:
1318:
1314:
1303:Bibliography
1289:
1277:
1272:, p. 1.
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1202:
1190:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1046:, p. 9.
1024:
1012:
1007:, p. 8.
985:
973:
968:, p. 7.
961:
949:
937:
925:
920:, p. 5.
898:
886:
874:
865:
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
781:
722:
710:
698:
677:
602:
538:
529:
525:Pleistarchus
522:
518:conglomerate
507:
488:
463:
458:Persian Wars
455:
431:
396:
380:Sack of Troy
373:Amazonomachy
360:A Battle at
351:
331:
327:
298:
259:
222:
178:philosophers
175:
160:
149:
94:
69:
52:Stoa Poikile
51:
49:
42:Plan of the
18:Stoa poikile
2180: /
2075:Middle Stoa
2051:Strategeion
1533:(1): 5–19.
691:Davies 1971
683:Demosthenes
614:(later the
583: [
572: [
561: [
543:. In 1949,
535:Excavations
485:Carl Robert
411:Heracleidae
403:Apollodorus
236:Description
129:Demosthenes
2195:Categories
2168:23°43′23″E
2165:37°58′35″N
2044:South Side
2010:Monopteros
1969:Prytanikon
1879:Royal Stoa
1857:North Side
1644:: 119–171.
1566:: 99–113.
1294:Shear 1984
1282:Shear 1984
1270:Shear 1984
1234:Shear 1984
1222:Shear 1984
1207:Shear 1984
1195:Shear 1984
1183:Shear 1984
1152:Shear 1984
1080:Shear 1984
1068:Shear 1984
1056:Shear 1984
1044:Shear 1984
1029:Shear 1984
1017:Shear 1984
1005:Shear 1984
990:Shear 1984
978:Shear 1984
966:Shear 1984
954:Shear 1984
942:Shear 1984
918:Shear 1984
903:Shear 1984
891:Shear 1984
670:Shear 1984
634:References
624:Shear 1984
419:Eurystheus
288:, and the
201:Theognetus
167:hierophant
113:Polygnotus
2148:Areopagus
1993:East Side
1934:Synagogue
1912:West Side
1749:0018-2311
1708:0018-2311
1667:0018-098X
1621:0026-7074
1601:Mnemosyne
1580:0068-2454
1539:0018-098X
1506:0770-2817
1465:0002-9114
1379:0068-2454
1365:: 41–57.
1327:0018-098X
930:Camp 1999
423:Sophocles
407:Pamphilus
399:scholiast
354:Pausanias
348:Paintings
286:Leokorion
206:Alciphron
133:Aeschines
2221:Stoicism
2061:Aiakeion
1889:Basilica
1757:24432809
1716:25598434
1588:30102822
1514:41651323
1399:Hesperia
1387:30103146
685:20.112;
468:—
446:Persians
342:Seleucus
314:triglyph
278:Eridanus
266:an altar
229:Synesius
214:Apuleius
197:Stoicism
169:and the
121:Panaenus
97:Pericles
85:Stoicism
2241:460s BC
1949:Metroon
1629:4431432
620:echinus
612:Sounion
508:In the
491:(1895).
434:Theseus
415:Alcmene
409:of the
318:metopes
171:dadouch
125:Phidias
91:History
1954:Tholos
1755:
1747:
1714:
1706:
1675:148490
1673:
1665:
1627:
1619:
1586:
1578:
1547:147938
1545:
1537:
1512:
1504:
1473:502871
1471:
1463:
1428:
1411:147646
1409:
1385:
1377:
1335:146840
1333:
1325:
442:Sparta
427:Phlius
325:wall.
284:, the
210:Lucian
185:Crates
165:, the
145:Scione
72:was a
1808:(the
1753:JSTOR
1712:JSTOR
1671:JSTOR
1625:JSTOR
1584:JSTOR
1543:JSTOR
1510:JSTOR
1469:JSTOR
1407:JSTOR
1383:JSTOR
1331:JSTOR
594:Notes
587:]
576:]
565:]
362:Oenoe
338:Solon
322:Ionic
306:kalos
302:poros
117:Micon
74:Doric
68:) or
2143:Pnyx
2093:Mint
2015:Bema
1745:ISSN
1704:ISSN
1663:ISSN
1638:ASNP
1617:ISSN
1576:ISSN
1535:ISSN
1502:ISSN
1461:ISSN
1426:ISBN
1375:ISSN
1323:ISSN
514:anta
438:Troy
413:and
389:The
378:The
371:The
77:stoa
50:The
1737:doi
1696:doi
1609:doi
1568:doi
1494:doi
1453:doi
1367:doi
610:at
405:or
2197::
2081:,
2077:,
1786:.
1751:.
1743:.
1733:63
1731:.
1727:.
1710:.
1702:.
1692:57
1690:.
1686:.
1669:.
1659:68
1657:.
1653:.
1640:.
1623:.
1615:.
1605:38
1603:.
1599:.
1582:.
1574:.
1564:80
1562:.
1558:.
1541:.
1531:53
1529:.
1525:.
1508:.
1500:.
1490:47
1488:.
1484:.
1467:.
1459:.
1449:76
1447:.
1443:.
1403:39
1401:.
1381:.
1373:.
1363:60
1361:.
1357:.
1329:.
1319:19
1317:.
1313:.
1214:^
1173:^
1036:^
997:^
910:^
864:.
793:^
766:^
749:^
734:^
662:^
641:^
585:de
574:de
563:de
527:.
487:,
429:.
397:A
340:,
336:,
296:.
193:c.
131:,
105:,
87:.
62:,
58::
2085:)
2073:(
1842:e
1835:t
1828:v
1792:.
1759:.
1739::
1718:.
1698::
1677:.
1642:1
1631:.
1611::
1590:.
1570::
1549:.
1516:.
1496::
1475:.
1455::
1434:.
1413:.
1389:.
1369::
1337:.
1167:.
868:.
256:.
54:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
