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140:. Prior to an attack, a patient may be pale with hypoperfusion. Abnormal movements may be present, typically consisting of twitching after 15–20 seconds of unconsciousness. (These movements, which are not seizures, occur because of brainstem hypoxia and not due to cortical discharge as is the case for epileptiform seizures).
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As with any syncopal episode that results from a cardiac dysrhythmia, the fainting does not depend on the patient's position. If it occurs during sleep, the presenting symptom may simply be feeling hot and flushed on waking.
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212:(adrenaline). Temporary cardiac pacing may also be used in a closely monitored setting. However, definitive treatment includes the insertion of a permanent cardiac
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typically continues normally throughout the attack, and, upon recovery, the patient becomes flushed as the heart rapidly pumps the oxygenated blood from the
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or atrial fibrillation has been reported as the underlying cause in up to 5% of patients in one series. The resulting lack of blood flow to the
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that results in loss of spontaneous circulation and inadequate blood flow to the brain. Subsequently, named after two Irish physicians,
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120:. It is characterized by an abrupt decrease in cardiac output and loss of consciousness due to a transient arrhythmia; for example,
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R. Adams. Cases of
Diseases of the Heart, Accompanied with Pathological Observations. Dublin Hospital Reports, 1827, 4: 353–453.
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W. Stokes. Observations on some cases of permanently slow pulse. Dublin
Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, 1846, 2: 73–85.
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will show complete heart block, high grade AV block, or other malignant arrhythmia during the attacks.
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108:(1804–1877), the first description of the syndrome is believed to have been published in 1717 by the
329:"Mechanisms of syncope and Stokes-Adams attacks in bradyarrhythmia: Asystole and torsade de pointes"
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is responsible for the loss of consciousness and associated fainting episode.
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into the systemic circulation, which has become dilated due to hypoxia.
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Initial treatment can be medical, involving the use of drugs like
169:
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Typically an attack occurs without warning, leading to sudden
269:"Stokes-Adams; Adams-Stokes; Morgagni-Adams-Stokes Attacks"
314:"Stokes-Adams Attacks (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)"
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160:The attacks are caused by any temporary lack of
180:Stokes–Adams attacks may be diagnosed from the
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164:caused by a transient abnormal heart rhythm.
8:
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772:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
642:
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303:ADams and victor's principles of neurology
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66:
29:
92:in which there is intermittent complete
46:Gerbezius–Morgagni–Adams–Stokes syndrome
225:
204:(Europe) or isoproterenol (US/Canada) (
166:Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
506:Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
291:Parkland Manual of Inpatient Medicine
86:Gerbec–Morgagni–Adams–Stokes syndrome
50:Gerbec–Morgagni–Adams–Stokes syndrome
7:
830:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
293:. Dallas, TX: FA Davis. p. 903.
192:can occur in a heart block setting.
289:Katz, Jason; Patel, Chetan (2006).
1126:Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
327:Khan, Ijaz A. (13 November 2021).
25:
811:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
1:
1550:Syndromes affecting the heart
1328:Pulseless electrical activity
1257:Multifocal atrial tachycardia
1131:Catecholaminergic polymorphic
1566:
1272:Wandering atrial pacemaker
819:non-infective endocarditis
760:Endocardial fibroelastosis
1350:hexaxial reference system
1295:Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
825:Libman–Sacks endocarditis
1230:Ventricular fibrillation
501:Coronary artery aneurysm
1507:Diastolic heart failure
1481:Athletic heart syndrome
1442:Ventricular hypertrophy
1176:Pre-excitation syndrome
1030:Left posterior fascicle
555:Acute coronary syndrome
495:Coronary artery disease
1025:Left anterior fascicle
805:infective endocarditis
590:Hibernating myocardium
471:Cardiovascular disease
343:Faintness and Fainting
1189:Wolff–Parkinson–White
1149:Premature contraction
1047:Adams–Stokes syndrome
750:Loeffler endocarditis
560:Myocardial infarction
138:loss of consciousness
82:Stokes–Adams syndrome
78:Adams–Stokes syndrome
42:Adams–Stokes syndrome
33:Stokes-Adams syndrome
1356:Right axis deviation
1318:Sudden cardiac death
676:Pericardial effusion
619:Ventricular aneurysm
126:complete heart block
96:or other high-grade
1361:Left axis deviation
1218:Atrial fibrillation
1213:Ventricular flutter
1136:Torsades de pointes
1010:Bundle branch block
969:Sick sinus syndrome
755:Cardiac amyloidosis
740:Tachycardia-induced
595:Myocardial stunning
543:Prinzmetal's angina
512:Coronary thrombosis
190:Torsades de Pointes
18:Stokes–Adams attack
1545:Cardiac arrhythmia
1464:Atrial enlargement
1262:Pacemaker syndrome
1184:Lown–Ganong–Levine
1106:Junctional ectopic
1101:AV nodal reentrant
607:Myocardial rupture
517:Coronary vasospasm
316:. 18 October 2021.
275:. 18 October 2021.
132:Signs and symptoms
1532:
1531:
1524:Obstructive shock
1428:
1427:
1375:Short QT syndrome
1342:Other / ungrouped
1333:Sinoatrial arrest
1248:Ectopic pacemaker
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964:Sinus bradycardia
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681:Cardiac tamponade
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624:Dressler syndrome
522:Myocardial bridge
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27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
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1497:Cardiac fibrosis
1389:T wave alternans
1282:Long QT syndrome
1076:Supraventricular
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1005:Intraventricular
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488:Coronary disease
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104:(1791–1875) and
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565:Unstable angina
538:Angina pectoris
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718:Cardiomyopathy
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360:External links
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162:cardiac output
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146:pulmonary beds
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106:William Stokes
90:fainting spell
88:is a periodic
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1502:Heart failure
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1413:ST depression
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1040:Trifascicular
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548:Stable angina
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239:Who Named It?
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1434:Cardiomegaly
1408:ST elevation
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1252:Ectopic beat
1200:fibrillation
1046:
1035:Bifascicular
909:
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796:Endocarditis
735:Hypertrophic
669:Constrictive
655:Pericarditis
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345:, page 161,
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273:patient.info
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202:isoprenaline
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118:Marko Gerbec
102:Robert Adams
85:
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77:
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49:
45:
41:
1300:Romano–Ward
1267:Parasystole
1166:Ventricular
1118:Ventricular
1057:Tachycardia
974:Heart block
956:Bradycardia
782:Endocardium
745:Restrictive
706:Myocarditis
647:Pericardium
210:epinephrine
122:bradycardia
94:heart block
38:Other names
1539:Categories
1198:Flutter /
1161:Junctional
1096:Junctional
1089:Multifocal
1062:paroxysmal
978:Sinoatrial
947:arrhythmia
942:Conduction
698:Myocardium
423:DiseasesDB
341:Chart 63:
220:References
98:arrhythmia
62:Cardiology
1457:Pulmonary
1240:Pacemaker
911:pulmonary
892:tricuspid
728:Alcoholic
234:synd/1158
214:pacemaker
196:Treatment
176:Diagnosis
142:Breathing
110:Carniolan
57:Specialty
1323:Asystole
1223:Familial
917:stenosis
898:stenosis
879:stenosis
860:stenosis
855:prolapse
577:Sequelae
480:Ischemia
116:descent
723:Dilated
665:Chronic
473:(heart)
417:D000219
206:Isuprel
182:history
124:due to
114:Slovene
1403:J wave
1156:Atrial
1084:Atrial
873:aortic
849:mitral
841:Valves
787:valves
639:Layers
508:(SCAD)
349:
208:) and
156:Causes
64:
1490:Other
1474:Right
1452:Right
1066:sinus
1015:Right
765:Viral
660:Acute
614:weeks
585:hours
497:(CAD)
428:12443
406:426.9
391:I45.9
170:brain
1469:Left
1447:Left
1064:and
1020:Left
602:days
412:MeSH
401:9-CM
347:ISBN
48:and
397:ICD
382:ICD
237:at
186:ECG
84:or
1541::
1397:ST
1369:QT
1250:/
998:3°
993:2°
988:1°
983:AV
976::
667:/
426::
415::
404::
389::
386:10
281:^
271:.
216:.
128:.
80:,
44:,
1383:T
1068:)
1060:(
944:/
784:/
463:e
456:t
449:v
399:-
384:-
374:D
331:.
20:)
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