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1751:, so its dissolution and the individualization of peasant land ownership became the leading objectives of his agrarian policy. He introduced land Denmark-style reforms to allay peasant grievances and soothe dissent. Stolypin proposed his own landlord-sided reform in opposition to the previous democratic proposals which led to the dissolution of the first two Russian parliaments.
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confidence in the policy. Nevertheless, Krivoshein became the most powerful figure in the
Imperial government. Some have also argued that Stolypin was correct to "wager on the strong" class of successful peasant farmers: evidence from tax returns supports this, showing a significant minority of peasants paying increasing taxes from the 1890s, a sign of higher productivity.
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1913:, a Jewish leftist revolutionary. Bogrov ran to one of the entrances and was caught. Stolypin rose from his chair, removed his gloves and unbuttoned his jacket, exposing a blood-soaked waistcoat. He gave a gesture to tell the tsar to go back and made the sign of the cross. He remained conscious, but his condition deteriorated. He died four days later.
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1537:, Lithuania) between 1889 and 1902. This public service gave him an inside view of local needs and allowed him to develop administrative skills. His thinking was influenced by the single-family farmstead system of the Northwestern Krai, and he later sought to introduce the land reform based on private ownership throughout the Russian Empire.
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Lenin in the Paris newspaper "Social-Democrat" on 31 October 1911, wrote "Stolypin and the
Revolution", calling for the "mortification of the uber-lyncher", saying: ″Stolypin tried to pour new wine into old bottles, to reshape the old autocracy into a bourgeois monarchy; and the failure of Stolypin's
1916:
Bogrov was hanged 10 days after the assassination. The judicial investigation was halted by order of the tsar, giving rise to suggestions that the assassination was planned not by leftists, but by conservative monarchists opposed to
Stolypin's reforms and his influence on the tsar. However, this has
1842:
Pyotr
Stolypin's reforms produced astounding results within a few years. Between 1906 and 1915, thanks to the efforts of Stolypin's farmers, the productivity of crops nationwide grew by 14 percent, in Siberia by 25 percent. In 1912, Russia's grain exports exceeded by 30 percent those of Argentina,
1971:
Since 1905 Russia had been plagued by widespread political dissatisfaction and revolutionary unrest. With broad support, leftist organizations waged a violent campaign against the autocracy; throughout Russia, many police officials and bureaucrats were assassinated. "Stolypin inspected rebellious
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whose family was of a similar standing to
Stolypin's. They married whilst Stolypin was still a student, an uncommon occurrence at the time. The marriage began in tragic circumstances: Olga had been engaged to Stolypin's brother, Mikhail, who died in a duel. The marriage was a happy one, devoid of
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was still widespread, with only around 10% of the land having been consolidated into farms. Most peasants were unwilling to leave the security of the commune for the uncertainty of individual farming. Furthermore, by 1913, the government's own
Ministry of Agriculture had itself begun to lose
1811:. Around 1910 the press started a campaign against Rasputin, accusing him of improper sexual relations. Stolypin wanted to ban Rasputin from the capital and threatened to prosecute him as a sectarian. Rasputin decamped to Jerusalem, returning to St. Petersburg only after Stolypin's death.
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1713:. Stolypin was only slightly injured by flying splinters, but 28 others were killed. Stolypin's 15-year-old daughter lost both legs and later succumbed to her injuries at the hospital, and his 3-year-old son Arkady broke a leg, as the two stood on a balcony. Stolypin moved into the
1822:. Though the law seemed likely to pass, Stolypin's political opponents narrowly defeated it. In March 1911 Stolypin resigned from the fractious and chaotic Duma after the failure of his land-reform bill. Tsar Nicholas II decided to look for a successor to Stolypin and considered
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referred to the gallows as "Stolypin's efficient black Monday necktie". Outraged, Stolypin challenged
Rodichev to a duel, but Rodichev apologized to avert it. Nevertheless, the expression became popular. The capacious railroad cars used for Siberian resettlement were named
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Stolypin was a monarchist and hoped to strengthen the throne by modernizing the rural
Russian economy. Modernity and efficiency, rather than democracy, were his goals. He argued that the land question could only be resolved and revolution averted when the
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1312:, to a prominent Russian aristocratic family, Stolypin became involved in government from his early 20s. His successes in public service led to rapid promotions, culminating in his appointment as interior minister under prime minister
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areas unarmed and without bodyguards. During one of these trips, somebody dropped a bomb under his feet. There were casualties, but
Stolypin survived." To respond to these attacks, Stolypin introduced a new court system of
1976:, that allowed for the arrest and speedy trial of accused offenders. Over 3,000 (possibly 5,500) suspects were convicted and executed by these special courts between 1906 and 1909. In a Duma session on 17 November 1907,
1986:
1382:, his forebears having served the tsars since the 16th century, and as a reward for their service had accumulated huge estates in several provinces. His father was a general in the Russian artillery, the governor of
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from 1906 until his assassination in 1911. Known as the greatest reformer of
Russian society and economy, his reforms caused unprecedented growth of the Russian state, which was halted by his assassination.
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Opinion is divided on Stolypin's legacy, and historians disagree over how realistic Stolypin's policies were. Some approve of his firm hand to suppress revolt and anarchy in the unruly atmosphere after the
1355:. His successes and failures have been the subject of heated controversy among scholars, who agree he was one of the last major statesmen of Imperial Russia with cogent and forceful public reform policies.
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paid a visit to the wounded child. On 9 November an imperial decree made far-reaching changes in land tenure law, disrupting in one sweep the communal and the household (family) property systems.
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1444:. Stolypin and his brother Aleksandr studied at the Oryol Boys College where he was described by his teacher, B. Fedorova, as 'standing out among his peers for his rationalism and character.'
1796:, who was in favor of private ownership of land and wrote: "If you want to transform humanity for the better, to turn almost beasts into humans, give them land and you will reach your goal."
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that allowed for the arrest, speedy trial, and execution of accused offenders. After numerous previous assassination attempts, Stolypin was fatally shot in September 1911 by revolutionary
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was particularly indignant, writing to Stolypin: "Stop your horrible activity! Enough of looking up to Europe, it is high time Russia knew its own mind!" Tolstoy had argued similarly to
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In his nationalities policy, Stolypin attempted to improve the acrimonious relations between the Russian Orthodox majority and the Jewish population. In 1910, Stolypin's brother-in-law
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2044:"We must all unite in defense of Russia, coordinate our efforts, our duties and our rights in order to maintain one of Russia's historic supreme rights – to be strong."
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proliferated from 1908, and Russian industry was booming. Stolypin tried to improve the lives of urban laborers and worked towards increasing the power of
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Stolypin traveled to Kiev despite police warnings of an assassination plot, as there had already been 10 attempts to kill him. On 14 September [
1598:. Stolypin was the first governor to use effective police methods. Some sources suggest that he had a police record on every adult male in his province.
1670:, despite the reluctance of some of its more radical members, to clear the field for cooperation with the new government. In response, 120 Kadet and 80
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On 27 December 2012, a monument to Pyotr Stolypin was unveiled in Moscow to mark the 150th anniversary of his birth. The monument is situated near the
1471:. He entered government service upon graduating in 1885, writing his thesis on tobacco growing in the south of Russia. It is unclear if he joined the
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Stolypin's service in Kovno was deemed a success by the Russian government. He was promoted seven times, culminating in his promotion to the rank of
2035:. He is seen by his admirers as the greatest statesman Russia ever had, the one who could have saved the country from revolution and the civil war.
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Macey, David (2004). "Reflections on peasant adaptation in rural Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century: the Stolypin agrarian reforms".
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in 1901. Four of his daughters were also born during this period; his daughter Maria recalled: "this was the most calm period his life".
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Fuhrmann, Joseph T. (2013). Rasputin, the untold story (illustrated ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 314.
2011:, his agricultural policy would have succeeded. The deep conservatism from the mass of peasants made them slow to respond. In 1914 the
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8 July] 1906, Nicholas II appointed Stolypin as Prime Minister, while remaining as Minister of the Interior. He dissolved the
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Stolypin changed the rules of the First Duma to attempt to make it more amenable to government proposals. On 8 June 1907, Stolypin
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1909:." His personal bodyguard had stepped out to smoke. Stolypin was shot twice, once in the arm and once in the chest, by
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Lazar Volin (1970) A century of Russian agriculture. From Alexander II to Khrushchev, p. 101. Harvard University Press
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On 14 June 1910, Stolypin's land reforms came before the Duma as a formal law, including a proposal to spread the
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2741:"ROYAL RUSSIA NEWS. THE ROMANOV DYNASTY & THEIR LEGACY, MONARCHY, HISTORY OF IMPERIAL & HOLY RUSSIA"
2625:"ROYAL RUSSIA NEWS. THE ROMANOV DYNASTY & THEIR LEGACY, MONARCHY, HISTORY OF IMPERIAL & HOLY RUSSIA"
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Quotes from General Alexander Spiridovitch, "Murder of Prime Minister Stolypin in Kiev 1911" (1929)
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in that city. His father, Arkady Dmitrievich Stolypin (1821–99), was a Russian envoy at the time.
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Land reform in Russia, 1906–1917: peasant responses to Stolypin's project of rural transformation
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Stolypin's successes as provincial governor led to his appointment as interior minister under
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Lazar Volin (1970) A century of Russian agriculture. From Alexander II to Khrushchev, p. 102.
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in April 1906. In July, Goremykin resigned and was succeeded as prime minister by Stolypin.
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2708:"Murder of Prime Minister Stolypin in Kiev 1911 – Blog & Alexander Palace Time Machine"
2027:", a 2008 television poll to select "the greatest Russian", Stolypin placed second, behind
1763:, who in 1908 became Minister of Agriculture. In June 1908 Stolypin lived in a wing of the
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never been proven. On his request, Stolypin was buried in the city where he was murdered.
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Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film, With a New Postscript by Jay Leyda, p. 32
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Stolypin's wooden villa after the attempted assassination. One third was blown to pieces.
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policy is the failure of tsarism on this last, the last conceivable, road for tsarism."
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Lenin in France – Stolypin and the Revolution (Ленин во Франции – Столыпин и революция)
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There remains doubt whether, even without the disruption of Stolypin's murder and the
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Palace guard. He was married twice. His second wife, Natalia Mikhailovna Stolypina (
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Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers Who Made History
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Shelokhaev, Valentin V. (2016). "The Stolypin Variant of Russian Modernization".
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Kotsonis, Yanni (2011). "The problem of the individual in the Stolypin reforms".
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O. Figes (1996) A People's Tragedy. The Russian Revolution 1891–1924, p. 221.
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5 September] 1911) was a Russian statesman who served as the third
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2345:© 2000–2013 Pearson Education, publishing as Fact Monster. 20 May. 2014
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1897:. The theater was guarded by 90 men inside the building. According to
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in the presence of the tsar and his eldest daughters, grand duchesses
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The Cambridge History of Russia: Volume 2, Imperial Russia, 1689–1917
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Peter Arkadʹevich Stolypin: Practical Politics in Late Tsarist Russia
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tried to convince the Tsar to accept liberals in the new government.
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suggested Goremykin step down and conducted secret negotiations with
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aimed to stem peasant unrest by creating a class of market-oriented
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The absent-minded Goremykin had been described by his predecessor
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A century of Russian agriculture. From Alexander II to Khrushchev
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A century of Russian agriculture. From Alexander II to Khrushchev
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A century of Russian agriculture. From Alexander II to Khrushchev
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A century of Russian agriculture. From Alexander II to Khrushchev
4195:
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers
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P. A. Stolypin: The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia
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P. A. Stolypin: The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia
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1 September] 1911, Stolypin attended a performance of
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As governor in Saratov, Stolypin had become convinced that the
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Distribution of newly formed farms in Grodno Governorate (1909)
2303:"Vilniuje įamžintas rusų reformatoriaus P.Stolypino atminimas"
1686:, beyond the reach of Russian police) and responded with the
1347:
was abolished and a stable landowning class of peasants, the
1401:, the Commanding general of the Russian infantry during the
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Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
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United Government and Foreign Policy in Russia, 1900–1914
2841:"Monument to P.A. Stolypin | Sculptor Andrey Korobtsov"
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who would support the social order. He was assisted by
1371:, on 14 April 1862, and was baptized on 24 May in the
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Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History
2515:
A People's Tragedy. The Russian Revolution 1891–1924,
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Burials at the Refectory Church, Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
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A People's Tragedy. The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
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A People's Tragedy. The Russian Revolution 1891–1924
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scandal. The couple had five daughters and one son.
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Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
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2178:'I believe in Russia': a Biography of Petr Stolypin
1616:in April 1906. He advocated for a new track of the
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1747:had to go. The chief obstacle appeared to be the
1643:, which Trepov believed would fall afoul of Tsar
1526:(now Vilnius), where he attended grammar school.
1510:From 1869, Stolypin spent his childhood years in
4165:Assassinated politicians from the Russian Empire
1284:2 April] 1862 – 18 September [
2057:in the opening scenes of the 1971 British film
1840:
1717:. In October 1906, at the request of the tsar,
1703:Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists
1631:as a bureaucratic nonentity. After two months,
1547:In May 1902 Stolypin was appointed governor in
2983:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
1506:Stolypin's favourite manor house in Kalnaberžė
1491:Stolypin spent much of his life and career in
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2770:From Autocracy to Communism: Russia 1894–1941
1662:When Goremykin resigned on 21 July [
1594:, instead of individually to the newly freed
1478:In 1884, Stolypin married Olga Borisovna von
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8:
2070:in episode 9 of the 1974 British miniseries
1701:On 25 August 1906, three assassins from the
1319:As prime minister, Stolypin initiated major
986:Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union
2478:Russia, 1855–1991: from tsars to commissars
2257:"kolos.lt – Reliģija un reliģiskie uzskati"
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2590:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 601.
2279:A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution
1647:. Trepov opposed Stolypin, who promoted a
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155:26 April 1906 – 18 September 1911
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4205:Untitled nobility from the Russian Empire
4155:Heads of government of the Russian Empire
3095:Stolypin and the Russian Agrarian Miracle
103:21 July 1906 – 18 September 1911
4160:Interior ministers of the Russian Empire
3108:Newspaper clippings about Pyotr Stolypin
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2356:"Peter Stolypin – History Learning Site"
2196:Vospominaniya o moem otse P.A. Stolypina
1818:system to the southwestern provinces of
1570:In February 1903, he became governor of
1463:In 1881 Stolypin studied agriculture at
2105:
1397:; 1827–89), was the daughter of Prince
1378:Stolypin's family was prominent in the
1277:[pʲɵtrɐrˈkadʲjɪvʲɪtɕstɐˈlɨpʲɪn]
324:
2151:
1843:the United States and Canada combined.
143:Minister of Internal Affairs of Russia
3121:Stolypin: Reformist ahead of his time
2587:August 1914: A Novel: The Red Wheel I
2378:"Recollections of a Foreign Minister"
1275:
1157:Mass killings under communist regimes
569:Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality
7:
2802:"Lenin: Stolypin and the Revolution"
2189:
2187:
2111:
2109:
1943:A statue of Pyotr Stolypin near the
1602:Interior minister and prime minister
2892:, Westview Press, (Boulder), 1976.
1416:Pyotr grew up on the family estate
4140:1911 murders in the Russian Empire
3148:26 April 1906 – 18 September 1911
2663:Hackard, Mark (7 September 2011).
1529:Stolypin served as marshal of the
949:Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
269:
25:
3175:21 July 1906 – 18 September 1911
2979:McDonald, David MacLaren (1992).
2665:"Solzhenitsyn: Stolypin's Murder"
2238:, p. 302. Greenwood Press, 1995,
1639:, who proposed a cabinet of only
1495:, then administratively known as
1152:Criticism of communist party rule
3957:
3951:
3154:Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Makarov
3082:
3070:
3026:The Fall of the Russian Monarchy
2400:"Bomb kills 28 – Hurts Stolypin"
2281:. The Bodley Head. p. 223.
2210:"Stolypin, Pyotr Aleksandrovich"
1216:
1204:
334:
3100:The ancestors of Pyotr Stolypin
2819:Stalin voted third-best Russian
2686:"Pioneering Land Reform - News"
2198:. New York: Chekhov publishers.
1859:where Stolypin was assassinated
3456:Council of People's Commissars
1743:had to be abolished; communal
1620:along the Russian side of the
1590:, which had given land to the
1467:where one of his teachers was
1440:. In 1879 the family moved to
27:Russian politician (1862–1911)
1:
3753:Ministers of Internal Affairs
3220:Heads of government of Russia
3049:10.1080/10611428.2016.1229962
3037:Russian Social Science Review
2874:. Stanford University Press.
2388:– via Internet Archive.
2376:Charles Louis Seeger (1921).
1459:Photo of 14-year-old Stolypin
1399:Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov
34:Eastern Slavic naming customs
4170:Assassinated prime ministers
2550:"Stolypin, Piotr Arkadevich"
2420:Fuhrmann, Joseph T. (2012).
1351:, would have a stake in the
3706:Russian Government Cabinets
3112:20th Century Press Archives
2964:10.1080/0306615042000262634
1935:State Duma (Russian Empire)
1838:has summarized his career:
1805:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1682:(then under the autonomous
1588:Emancipation Reform of 1861
1179:Russia under Vladimir Putin
1001:Union of the Russian People
421:Traditionalist conservatism
4226:
3803:Balthasar von Campenhausen
3137:Pyotr Nikolayevich Durnovo
2952:Journal of Peasant Studies
2423:Rasputin: The Untold Story
1924:
1605:
1473:Ministry of State Property
1263:Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin
959:Russian All-People's Union
211:Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin
32:In this name that follows
31:
3949:
3701:
3231:Acting chairmen shown in
3226:
3177:
3168:
3160:
3150:
3141:
3133:
3128:
2729:translated by Rob Moshein
2380:. Doubleday Page & Co
2161:Cite uses generic title (
2066:Stolypin is portrayed by
2053:Stolypin is portrayed by
1726:dissolved the Second Duma
1633:Dmitri Feodorovich Trepov
1465:St. Petersburg University
1425:
1267:
1019:All-Russia People's Front
307:
266:Manner of death
197:
148:
96:
84:
75:
67:
64:
3171:Prime Minister of Russia
2928:10.1353/kri.2011.a411659
2870:Ascher, Abraham (2001).
2343:PyotrArkadevich Stolypin
1959:Stolypin's grave in the
1608:Pyotr Stolypin's Cabinet
1430:Solnechnogorsky District
1268:Пётр Аркадьевич Столыпин
459:Economic interventionism
316:This article is part of
91:Prime Minister of Russia
4200:Russian anti-communists
3893:Pyotr Sviatopolk-Mirsky
2706:Design, Pallasart Web.
2482:Oxford University Press
2277:Figes, Orlando (2017).
2176:Fedorovo, B.G. (2002).
1945:Kyiv City Duma building
1927:1905 Russian Revolution
1882:The Tale of Tsar Saltan
1499:of the Russian Empire.
1373:Russian Orthodox Church
1211:Conservatism portal
751:Sociology of Revolution
741:St Petersburg Dialogues
4145:Antisemitism in Russia
3424:Provisional Government
3255:Committee of Ministers
3075:Quotations related to
2582:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
2130:"WebCite query result"
2060:Nicholas and Alexandra
1968:
1952:
1868:
1860:
1845:
1736:
1698:
1684:Grand Duchy of Finland
1618:Trans-Siberian Railway
1567:
1507:
1460:
1452:
1386:and commandant of the
560:
327:Conservatism in Russia
4024:Alexander Beloborodov
3888:Vyacheslav von Plehve
3858:Mikhail Loris-Melikov
2942:Lieven, Dominic, ed.
2888:Conroy, M.S. (1976),
2476:Oxley, Peter (2001).
1958:
1942:
1899:Alexander Spiridovich
1866:
1855:
1734:
1696:
1562:
1505:
1475:or Internal Affairs.
1458:
1450:
1363:Stolypin was born at
1359:Early life and career
1280:; 14 April [
964:Union of Right Forces
761:The Gulag Archipelago
4150:Marshals of nobility
4109:Vladimir Kolokoltsev
3943:Alexander Protopopov
3711:Premiers of the USSR
3515:Council of Ministers
3367:Council of Ministers
3144:Minister of Interior
3091:at Wikimedia Commons
3018:(1926) pp. 495–506.
1947:, removed after the
1769:Council of Ministers
1761:Alexander Krivoshein
1432:, once inhabited by
232:German Confederation
4180:People from Dresden
4029:Vladimir Tolmachyov
3923:Nikolai Shcherbatov
3823:Alexander Stroganov
3028:(1939) pp. 94–143.
3016:A History of Russia
3008:5 July 2019 at the
2649:Lazar Volin (1970)
2610:Lazar Volin (1970)
2535:Lazar Volin (1970)
2446:Lazar Volin (1970)
2134:www.webcitation.org
2040:Russian White House
1949:February Revolution
1780:credit cooperatives
1776:Peasants' Land Bank
1555:Governor of Saratov
1380:Russian aristocracy
1174:Russia for Russians
527:Sovereign democracy
385:Russian nationalism
300:Olga Borisovna von
280:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
4064:Russian Federation
3986:Nikolai Avksentiev
3938:Aleksandr Khvostov
3848:Alexander Timashev
3793:Alexander Golitsyn
3593:Russian Federation
3181:Vladimir Kokovtsov
3129:Political offices
2407:The New York Times
2234:Blumberg, Arnold.
2216:on 12 January 2009
2194:Bok, M.P. (1953).
2140:on 12 January 2009
1969:
1961:Pechersk Monastery
1953:
1869:
1867:Stolypin's burial.
1861:
1828:Vladimir Kokovtsov
1809:Alexander Izvolsky
1807:, replacing Count
1753:Stolypin's reforms
1737:
1699:
1584:Revolution of 1905
1568:
1549:Grodno Governorate
1516:Kėdainiai district
1508:
1461:
1453:
1438:Moscow Governorate
1162:Politics of Russia
136:Vladimir Kokovtsov
4117:
4116:
4104:Rashid Nurgaliyev
4094:Vladimir Rushailo
4049:Viktor Barannikov
4034:Nikolay Stakhanov
4019:Felix Dzerzhinsky
4014:Grigory Petrovsky
3913:Alexander Makarov
3898:Alexander Bulygin
3719:
3718:
3587:
3586:
3418:
3417:
3187:
3186:
3178:Succeeded by
3151:Succeeded by
3087:Media related to
2908:978-1-118-17276-6
2847:. 9 November 2017
2778:978-0-340-96590-0
2597:978-0-374-71212-9
2409:. 26 August 1906.
2288:978-1-847-92451-3
2089:Coup of June 1907
2049:Screen portrayals
1931:October Manifesto
1784:local governments
1774:Supported by the
1741:open field system
1711:Aptekarsky Island
1678:deputies went to
1657:Alexander Guchkov
1649:coalition cabinet
1531:Kovno Governorate
1497:Northwestern Krai
1434:Mikhail Lermontov
1369:Kingdom of Saxony
1310:Kingdom of Saxony
1294:interior minister
1259:
1258:
1223:Russia portal
1184:Serfdom in Russia
1147:Anti-Ukrainianism
489:Nuclear Orthodoxy
311:
310:
256:Southwestern Krai
241:18 September 1911
228:Kingdom of Saxony
192:Alexander Makarov
16:(Redirected from
4217:
4089:Sergei Stepashin
3981:Irakli Tsereteli
3968:Russian Republic
3961:
3955:
3918:Nikolay Maklakov
3863:Nikolay Ignatyev
3813:Arseny Zakrevsky
3746:
3739:
3732:
3723:
3452:
3277:
3265:
3251:
3238:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3161:Preceded by
3134:Preceded by
3126:
3104:
3086:
3074:
3060:
3024:Pares, Bernard.
3014:Pares, Bernard.
2997:Pallot, Judith.
2994:
2975:
2958:(3–4): 400–426.
2939:
2885:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2806:www.marxists.org
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2743:. Archived from
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2660:
2654:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2627:. Archived from
2621:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2578:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2546:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2513:O. Figes (1996)
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2473:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2404:
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2387:
2385:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2329:O. Figes (1996)
2327:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2253:
2247:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2212:. Archived from
2206:
2200:
2199:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2136:. Archived from
2126:
2120:
2115:Abraham Ascher,
2113:
2078:Dress Rehearsal.
2068:Frank Middlemass
2031:and followed by
2029:Alexander Nevsky
1990:
1857:Kiev Opera House
1836:The Moscow Times
1719:Grigori Rasputin
1688:Vyborg Manifesto
1469:Dmitri Mendeleev
1427:
1321:agrarian reforms
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1107:Anti-Americanism
1067:Nash Sovremennik
1048:
766:
756:
746:
565:
517:Social hierarchy
413:Pochvennichestvo
338:
328:
313:
252:Kiev Governorate
244:
220:
218:
202:Personal details
188:
176:
162:
153:
132:
120:
101:
80:
71:
70:
69:
55:
21:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4077:Anatoly Kulikov
4058:
3995:
3962:
3956:
3947:
3928:Alexei Khvostov
3883:Dmitry Sipyagin
3798:Viktor Kochubey
3788:Osip Kozodavlev
3778:Viktor Kochubey
3764:
3750:
3720:
3715:
3697:
3583:
3510:
3441:
3414:
3361:
3275:
3263:
3240:
3236:
3222:
3217:
3183:
3174:
3166:
3156:
3147:
3139:
3102:
3067:
3034:
3010:Wayback Machine
2991:
2978:
2949:
2913:
2882:
2869:
2866:
2864:Further reading
2861:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2768:Lynch, Michael
2767:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2747:on 16 July 2011
2739:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2631:on 16 July 2011
2623:
2622:
2618:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2459:Orlando Figes,
2458:
2454:
2450:, pp. 103–104.
2445:
2441:
2434:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2370:
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2358:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2180:. Limbus Press.
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2094:Stolypin reform
2085:
2051:
2009:First World War
2002:1905 Revolution
1984:
1937:
1923:
1877:Rimsky-Korsakov
1850:
1832:Alexei Khvostov
1676:Social Democrat
1610:
1604:
1557:
1542:state councilor
1489:
1411:Congress Poland
1384:Eastern Rumelia
1361:
1345:peasant commune
1325:Stolypin reform
1323:, known as the
1272:
1261:
1255:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1112:Anti-Chechenism
1102:
1094:
1093:
1074:Russkoye Znamya
1046:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1014:
1006:
1005:
931:
923:
922:
778:
770:
769:
764:
754:
744:
735:
727:
726:
597:
589:
588:
562:Intelligentsiya
545:
537:
536:
507:Russian culture
484:Orthodox values
434:
426:
425:
346:
326:
246:
242:
222:
216:
214:
213:
212:
186:
174:
168:
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130:
118:
102:
97:
65:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4223:
4221:
4213:
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4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
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4167:
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4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4122:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4054:Andrey Dunayev
4051:
4046:
4044:Vasily Trushin
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3991:Alexey Nikitin
3988:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3908:Pyotr Stolypin
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3878:Ivan Goremykin
3875:
3870:
3868:Dmitry Tolstoy
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3838:Sergey Lanskoy
3835:
3833:Dmitry Bibikov
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Vasily Lanskoy
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Alexey Kurakin
3780:
3774:
3772:
3770:Russian Empire
3766:
3765:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3726:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3449:
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3442:
3440:
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3428:
3426:
3420:
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3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3272:
3267:
3259:
3257:
3248:
3246:Russian Empire
3242:
3241:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3167:
3164:Ivan Goremykin
3162:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3105:
3097:
3092:
3089:Pyotr Stolypin
3080:
3077:Pyotr Stolypin
3066:
3065:External links
3063:
3062:
3061:
3043:(5): 350–377.
3032:
3022:
3012:
2995:
2990:978-0674922396
2989:
2976:
2947:
2940:
2911:
2900:
2886:
2880:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2832:
2823:
2811:
2793:
2781:
2758:
2732:
2720:
2698:
2677:
2655:
2642:
2616:
2614:, pp. 112–114.
2603:
2596:
2573:
2562:
2541:
2528:
2519:
2506:
2497:
2490:
2465:
2452:
2439:
2432:
2412:
2391:
2368:
2347:
2335:
2319:
2294:
2287:
2269:
2248:
2227:
2201:
2183:
2168:
2121:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2073:Fall of Eagles
2050:
2047:
2025:Name of Russia
1982:Fedor Rodichev
1922:
1919:
1849:
1846:
1801:Sergey Sazonov
1765:Yelagin Palace
1637:Pavel Milyukov
1614:Ivan Goremykin
1603:
1600:
1556:
1553:
1488:
1485:
1405:and later the
1360:
1357:
1333:Dmitrii Bogrov
1314:Ivan Goremykin
1298:Russian Empire
1290:prime minister
1265:(Russian:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1186:
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1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Anti-communism
1114:
1109:
1103:
1101:Related topics
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
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221:14 April 1862
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68:Пётр Столыпин
63:
56:
51:
47:
44: and the
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
4210:Anti-Masonry
4083:Pavel Maslov
4081:
4072:Viktor Yerin
4009:Alexei Rykov
4001:Russian SFSR
3907:
3873:Ivan Durnovo
3828:Lev Perovski
3690:
3673:
3651:
3626:Chernomyrdin
3624:
3615:Chernomyrdin
3607:
3600:
3576:
3498:
3447:Russian SFSR
3384:
3232:
3228:
3169:
3142:
3103:(in Russian)
3079:at Wikiquote
3040:
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2955:
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2922:(1): 25–52.
2919:
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2769:
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2745:the original
2735:
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2680:
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2658:
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2633:. Retrieved
2629:the original
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2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2544:
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2138:the original
2133:
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2022:
2018:
2013:strip system
2006:
1998:
1970:
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1903:Freedericksz
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1841:
1824:Sergei Witte
1820:Asian Russia
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1757:smallholders
1738:
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1629:Sergei Witte
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1563:Stolypin by
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1142:Anti-Turkism
1132:Antisemitism
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933:
759:
749:
739:
677:Solzhenitsyn
555:Great Russia
522:Social order
411:
243:(1911-09-18)
187:Succeeded by
150:
131:Succeeded by
98:
49:
41:
29:
4135:1911 deaths
4130:1862 births
3976:Georgy Lvov
3557:Solomentsev
3342:von Reutern
3312:Chernyshyov
3302:Vasilchikov
3297:Novosiltsev
3276:Vyazmitinov
2055:Eric Porter
1985: [
1974:martial law
1963:(Lavra) in
1907:Sukhomlinov
1794:Dostoyevsky
1790:Leo Tolstoy
1745:land tenure
1653:Georgy Lvov
1645:Nicholas II
1514:manor (now
1451:Serednikovo
1426:Середниково
1418:Serednikovo
1403:Crimean War
1329:martial law
1060:Kozma Minin
918:Zhirinovsky
843:Nicholas II
783:Alexander I
777:Politicians
672:Shcherbatov
667:Shafarevich
502:Reactionism
474:Irredentism
469:Imperialism
449:Bureaucracy
407:Slavophilia
390:All-Russian
351:Eurasianism
287:Nationality
175:Preceded by
119:Preceded by
112:Nicholas II
46:family name
42:Arkadyevich
4124:Categories
3653:Khristenko
3562:Vorotnikov
3527:Chernousov
3489:Vakhrushev
3270:Rumyantsev
3237:small type
2851:9 December
2333:, p. 223.
2312:22 January
2220:12 January
2144:12 January
2100:References
1925:See also:
1887:Kiev Opera
1771:convened.
1767:where the
1606:See also:
1565:Ilya Repin
1512:Kalnaberžė
1395:Gorchakova
1353:status quo
1167:Liberalism
1053:Kievlyanin
898:von Ungern
873:Rostopchin
838:Nicholas I
734:Literature
697:Tikhomirov
607:Dostoevsky
579:White Army
497:Patriotism
433:Principles
363:Monarchism
345:Ideologies
217:1862-04-14
38:patronymic
3853:Lev Makov
3686:Mishustin
3637:Stepashin
3620:Kiriyenko
3547:Polyansky
3395:Goremykin
3390:Kokovtsov
3380:Goremykin
3264:Vorontsov
3057:141548699
2972:154275204
2936:153249001
2653:, p. 103.
2463:, p. 225
2426:. Wiley.
2307:Lrytas.lt
1905:and Gen.
1592:Obshchina
1520:Lithuania
1493:Lithuania
1487:Lithuania
1308:, in the
1047:(Defunct)
981:For Truth
863:Rodzianko
828:Malyshkin
722:Zhukovsky
652:Prokhanov
642:Obolensky
444:Autocracy
439:Authority
395:Christian
302:Neidhardt
282:, Ukraine
151:In office
99:In office
3692:Belousov
3681:Medvedev
3647:Kasyanov
3632:Primakov
3522:Rodionov
3500:Pamfilov
3494:Khokhlov
3484:Bulganin
3437:Kerensky
3410:Golitsyn
3385:Stolypin
3332:Ignatyev
3307:Levashov
3292:Kochubey
3287:Lopukhin
3282:Saltykov
3006:Archived
3001:(1999).
2751:12 March
2713:12 March
2691:12 March
2670:12 March
2635:12 March
2584:(2014).
2555:12 March
2539:, p. 106
2384:12 March
2361:12 March
2262:12 March
2154:cite web
2119:(2001).
2083:See also
1672:Trudovik
1580:zemstvos
1480:Neidhart
1304:Born in
1292:and the
1043:Elementy
908:Vladimir
833:Mizulina
818:Kornilov
798:Dubrovin
687:Strakhov
662:Semyonov
637:Leontiev
627:Karamzin
380:Putinism
375:Populism
356:Duginism
318:a series
89:3rd
50:Stolypin
18:Stolypin
3659:Fradkov
3602:Yeltsin
3572:Silayev
3552:Voronov
3532:Puzanov
3506:Kosygin
3479:Sulimov
3474:Syrtsov
3400:Stürmer
3352:Durnovo
3337:Valuyev
3327:Gagarin
3233:italics
3114:of the
3110:in the
1895:Tatiana
1885:at the
1816:zemstvo
1803:became
1624:river.
1572:Saratov
1436:, near
1422:Russian
1407:viceroy
1388:Kremlin
1367:in the
1365:Dresden
1306:Dresden
1296:of the
1190:Silovik
975:Defunct
930:Parties
913:Volodin
893:Tolstoy
883:Slutsky
878:Shulgin
868:Rogozin
823:Luzhkov
813:Kolchak
808:Gryzlov
803:Durnovo
717:Wrangel
712:Vikulov
682:Sorokin
657:Rozanov
602:Aksakov
544:History
532:Statism
368:Tsarism
291:Russian
224:Dresden
169:Himself
108:Monarch
3757:Russia
3675:Zubkov
3664:Zubkov
3609:Gaidar
3567:Vlasov
3542:Kozlov
3537:Yasnov
3405:Trepov
3322:Bludov
3055:
3030:Online
3020:Online
3003:online
2987:
2970:
2946:(2015)
2934:
2906:
2896:
2878:
2776:
2772:p. 42
2594:
2517:p. 220
2488:
2430:
2285:
2242:
1933:, and
1921:Legacy
1680:Vyborg
1641:Kadets
1535:Kaunas
1349:kulaks
1088:Znamya
1081:Zavtra
954:Rodina
934:Active
903:Uvarov
888:Surkov
848:Pikhno
793:Butina
765:(1973)
745:(1821)
707:Uvarov
702:Tikhon
692:Surkov
632:Katkov
495:
297:Spouse
36:, the
3669:Putin
3642:Putin
3578:Lobov
3469:Rykov
3464:Lenin
3375:Witte
3357:Witte
3347:Bunge
3317:Orlov
3229:Note:
3053:S2CID
2968:S2CID
2932:S2CID
2403:(PDF)
1989:]
1978:Kadet
1707:dacha
1596:serfs
1533:(now
1524:Vilna
1442:Oryol
1428:) in
1036:Media
858:Putin
622:Ilyin
617:Frank
612:Dugin
400:Ultra
3761:list
3432:Lvov
2985:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2894:ISBN
2876:ISBN
2853:2021
2774:ISBN
2753:2017
2715:2017
2693:2017
2672:2017
2637:2017
2592:ISBN
2557:2017
2486:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2386:2017
2363:2017
2314:2018
2283:ISBN
2264:2017
2240:ISBN
2222:2016
2163:help
2146:2016
2023:In "
1965:Kyiv
1893:and
1891:Olga
1873:O.S.
1830:and
1674:and
1668:Duma
1664:O.S.
1655:and
1622:Amur
1337:Kiev
1286:O.S.
1282:O.S.
1273:IPA:
755:1925
454:Duty
248:Kiev
238:Died
207:Born
3755:of
3116:ZBW
3045:doi
2960:doi
2924:doi
2821:BBC
1879:'s
1709:on
1518:of
1409:of
1392:née
1335:in
48:is
40:is
4126::
3051:.
3041:57
3039:.
2966:.
2956:31
2954:.
2930:.
2920:12
2918:.
2843:.
2804:.
2761:^
2484:.
2480:.
2468:^
2405:.
2322:^
2305:.
2186:^
2158::
2156:}}
2152:{{
2132:.
2108:^
2076:,
2004:.
1996:.
1987:ru
1929:,
1834:.
1826:,
1778:,
1651:.
1424::
1413:.
1339:.
1271:,
320:on
258:,
254:,
250:,
230:,
226:,
3763:)
3759:(
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3731:v
3239:.
3212:e
3205:t
3198:v
3059:.
3047::
2993:.
2974:.
2962::
2938:.
2926::
2910:.
2884:.
2855:.
2808:.
2755:.
2717:.
2695:.
2674:.
2639:.
2600:.
2559:.
2494:.
2436:.
2365:.
2316:.
2291:.
2266:.
2246:.
2224:.
2165:)
2148:.
1967:.
1951:.
1420:(
1250:e
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1236:v
219:)
215:(
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20:)
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