514:
trees were uprooted and many buildings were unroofed. Agriculture, shipping, timber, and livestock industries also suffered substantial impairment, with considerable injury experienced by barns, crops, watercraft, timber, and livestock. Farther north, entire swaths of forest were leveled, and heavy snow blocked roads, paths, and turnpikes. Fruit orchards and sugar groves endured the worst of the storm, reducing the season's harvests. Private properties generally suffered damage to roofs, windows, and chimneys; several buildings throughout the region were reported to have collapsed. Overall, approximately $ 100,000 in damage and more than 16 deaths were recorded.
866:. In Newport, many ships were damaged, and several deaths were recorded. Trees of immense size were also uprooted in both towns, and fence boards were scattered by strong gusts. In Providence, many ships were grounded, a brick house was impaired, and various other structures' chimneys collapsed. The hurricane was described as the "severest storm and gale of wind within the recollection of any of its inhabitants," although little else was known about its impacts in Rhode Island. Despite the high wind speeds and proximity to other snow-receiving areas, none fell in Providence as a result of warmer temperatures.
1050:
615:
1064:
1078:
1026:, which had a comparable track to the 1804 snowstorm, though it was extratropical by the time it made landfall. The storm was also the first known instance of snow instigated by a tropical cyclone until a later storm in 1841. Since that time, there has been only one other confirmed snowfall event as a result of a tropical cyclone while still considered to be tropical, which was caused by
40:
1034:. The storm also displayed abnormal meteorological characteristics which went against conventional understanding. Winds prevailed toward the southwest, the only known example of a northeastern hurricane producing winds in that direction; most generally yielded southeasterly gusts. In addition, it was one of only two systems recorded strengthening while inland, the other being the
690:, with roofs torn off structures, fences and chimneys toppled, and orchards bearing the brunt of formidable destruction. The chimney of the local schoolhouse collapsed into the roof and a bench was thrown into the cellar. Intense winds uprooted thousands of trees, of which many sank into local marshes. At
722:
in
Danvers survived to later weather through three other hurricanes in 1815, 1843, and 1934. Approximately 4 in (10 cm) of rain was measured during the day in Salem, while an additional 3 in (7.6 cm) fell that evening, apparently "a greater quantity than has ever been known in the
513:
In the Middle-Atlantic states, it caused little injury overall, though many boats and ships were capsized. To the north in New
England, many churches endured significant damage, and shipwrecks led to 15 deaths, with one other death owing to a building collapse. Due to intense gusts, hundreds of
818:
due to higher-than-optimal temperatures. In
Abington, the hurricane not only impacted the shipping industry but also inflicted severe damage to oak and pine forests. Severe damage was inflicted to crops as a result of the storm, with potatoes freezing, apples tossed from branches, and stacks of hay
726:
At least 27 vessels were damaged by the hurricane in Boston, with six watercraft having struck the South Boston Bridge, resulting in one death. Winds propelled several boats off of
Gloucester out to sea, and their company was presumed to be lost. Ships elsewhere also withstood the hurricane's
912:
were forced to return due to blocked roads smothered with over 10 in (25 cm) of snow. The timber industry suffered the blizzard's detrimental effects, the worst blow to the trade since its formation in New
Hampshire; in addition, several barns were obliterated. Totals reached 6 in
277:
to northern New
England. In the Middle-Atlantic region, moderate damage occurred at sea but little was noted inland. In New England, strong gusts inflicted significant damage to numerous churches. Widespread residential damage, in contrast, was mostly negligible and had no lasting consequences.
294:
The storm's most severe effects were concentrated at sea and led to a majority of the hurricane's deaths. Winds swept dozens of watercraft and multiple ships ashore, while high waters capsized many others. Several wharves were destroyed, subsequently harming local shipping businesses. Snow and
964:, up to 48 in (120 cm) of snow may have fallen during the course of the snowstorm. The snow was deep enough to cover the entire heights of corn stalks and potato crops, impeding the impending harvest, while massive drifts in the state's hills obstructed roads. Even farther north in
311:
nearly 200 years earlier, set several major precedents which have only infrequently been replicated since. It was the first known tropical cyclone to generate snowfall, and its early and extensive accumulations throughout New
England were not only unprecedented but unusually heavy.
1009:
Due to its unusual nature, the hurricane of 1804 set several major precedents which have only rarely occurred since then. Having defied many behaviors normally exhibited by New
England hurricanes, the cyclone, described as the most severe in the United States since the
290:
crops, flattened dozens of barns, and killed over a hundred cattle. In general, the agriculture, shipping, timber, and livestock trades suffered most acutely following the passage of the hurricane, while structural damage was widespread but generally inconsequential.
424:
encouraged the swift eastward movement of the trough's northern segment, steering the track of the storm northeastward over New
England. By the evening, the storm had fully traversed the northeastern United States, where accounts indicated the passage of the storm's
361:, but given meteorological circumstances, characteristics, and timing, it was evaluated that the storm was of tropical origin. The earliest evidence of a disturbance near the United States was noted on October 8, when rainfall was recorded in
925:; meanwhile, in southern portions of the state, 4 in (10 cm) of ice accrued upon the accumulations already on the ground. The storm's damage radius was estimated to be at least 50 mi (80 km), and encompassed the towns of
658:
were also seriously impaired. A residence in Boston caved in, killing one person and injuring three others, and consequently was to be demolished. All across the state, the storm bent and crumpled structures and also ruined many wharves. In
377:, which was devised in 1805), the incoming gale's winds rapidly turned towards the west-northwest, escalating to force 6 by the afternoon. A 2001 study noted the unusual orientation of the storm's winds; although a majority of
850:, and other regions of the state received up to 24 in (61 cm). However, the delineation between areas of rain and snow was clearly evident, with more than 3.66 in (9.3 cm) of rain measured in nearby
894:
was estimated to be near 15 to 18 in (38 to 46 cm), much of it quickly melted, leaving only 4 to 5 in (10 to 13 cm) left by the snowstorm's departure. Still, the heavy weight of the unusually early
899:
snapped many tree branches still in full bloom, ruining fruit orchards and sugar groves. As a result, production of cider, already in low supply, was reduced even further; damages to one orchard alone reached $ 300
348:
concluded that both the hurricane's strength and its abnormally cold environment were derived from the influx of unseasonably cold air from the north converging upon the storm's abundant moisture, increasing the
972:
was nearly entirely uprooted, clearing a massive forested area and making towns from great distances away, previously obstructed, suddenly visible. The effect of the storm was so pronounced that, according to
505:
characteristics. In addition, a modern survey concluded that the 1804 storm was the only known hurricane to strike New
England with southwesterly winds, and it was also one of only two, the other being the
602:
as a result of the severe winds. Shipping was slightly disrupted throughout the state of New York, with high winds forcing ships to travel with lowered sails, also preventing vessels from docking at
671:. Property damage throughout the state – especially to chimneys, roofs, and windows – was generally severe, with chimneys even falling onto stage coaches in the streets of Boston. The
1348:
1001:, the hurricane was less severe and its impact was minimal. Precipitation arrived in Canada on October 9 and persisted through the following day, without triggering any recorded damage.
420:
remained at that point for much of the afternoon, the air temperature plummeted rapidly from 55 °F (13 °C) to 42 °F (6 °C) during the same period. A strong westerly
630:, strong winds, described as "unprecedented in the annals" of the city, were documented during the afternoon of October 9, with the intense gusts blowing off the steeple of the
2129:
1014:, was not only unique in its production of snow, but also in its meteorological characteristics and unusual timing. Though the disturbance developed within the confines of the
806:
which was swept inland during the aftermath of the storm. Where snow fell it was mainly heavy, with reports of snowfall totaling 24 to 30 in (61 to 76 cm) in
1635:
1612:
1577:
441:. The storm's maximum diameter was estimated to be 90 mi (150 km) at its largest point. As the hurricane weakened throughout the night, it underwent an
642:
was tossed 200 ft (61 m) from its initial location, landing on an adjacent house and crushing two carriages into pieces. Churches and meetinghouses in
400:, where the storm arrived that afternoon, initially blew towards the southeast, they soon shifted towards the north-northwest and coincided with a rapid drop in
1875:
295:
rainfall totals varied widely between states, with a clear delineation between areas that received frozen precipitation and rainfall in the Northeast. Areas of
783:, the storm's effects to local shipping activities were detrimental, with many vessels shipwrecked by high winds. Despite being heavily occupied, the port at
960:
by the time the hurricane's precipitation subsided, and reported higher depths of 3 ft (0.91 m) in other regions of the state. In the vicinity of
453:; though gusts diminished that evening, moderate precipitation persisted for another two days, before the snowstorm finally departed on October 11.
2124:
1362:
373:
area was accompanied by intensifying winds and a change in their direction; initially southwesterly at force 3 (retroactively estimated based on the
438:
2139:
1244:
429:. The results of the 2001 study also suggested atypical strengthening occurred around this time, achieving its peak intensity with 1-minute
477:. It was the first known tropical cyclone to feature frozen precipitation, and remained the only instance until a later disturbance in 1841 and
890:
as precipitation changed due to sinking temperatures, which soon followed by a period of high winds. Though the average snowfall amount in the
1172:
Deaths were totaled as follows: one due to a house collapse in Boston, one due to a ship capsizing in Boston, seven due to the sinking of the
1091:
2199:
2093:
2048:
2022:
1981:
706:, a few houses' roofs were torn away, more than a dozen barns were demolished, and gusts killed numerous cows, with similar damage noted at
598:
as a whole experienced intense gusts throughout the day; however, there was only a single report of inland damage, with houses flattened at
278:
Thousands of trees were knocked over, obstructing roads and fiscally damaging the timber industry throughout the region. Cold temperatures,
2164:
1218:
445:, evidenced by a passageway of weak winds off of the trough's center. Its eye was consequently distorted as it meandered northward towards
270:, consequently gradually weakening, precipitation persisted for another two days before the snowstorm finally subsided on October 11.
2184:
2179:
710:. Many ornamental and fruit trees also endured significant damage, high winds blew away many roofs, chimneys, and fences. Meanwhile, at
2169:
2149:
2134:
226:, it yielded vast amounts of snow, rain, and powerful winds across the northeastern United States. Prior to its approach towards the
2174:
303:. In all, the hurricane caused more than 15 deaths at sea and one inland, and also resulted in at least $ 100,000 (1804
1011:
687:
308:
2194:
2159:
2040:
2014:
952:
In contrast to the higher precipitation totals found in New Hampshire, accumulations merely averaged 5 in (13 cm) in
494:
385:
337:
227:
2189:
1101:
1096:
469:. High precipitation amounts were observed along the storm's trajectory, peaking at 7 in (18 cm) inches of rain in
378:
223:
193:
1667:
1642:
977:, "people felt as if they were in a strange place". The storm was particularly severe on the Atlantic coast, especially in
2144:
1883:
299:
received up to 7 in (18 cm) of rain, in contrast to snow totals upward of 48 in (120 cm) measured in
2204:
2154:
1019:
715:
486:
819:
ruined. Livestock also encountered noteworthy losses, with "large numbers" of cattle, sheep, and fowl having died near
926:
691:
794:
featured an account on the hurricane, describing the destruction of two barns in Salem and the death of a horse. The
353:
and leading to intensification. He also speculated that the storm could have formed non-tropically from the southern
811:
784:
531:
235:
485:. The unusually widespread and severe October snow was seen few times – if ever – until the
273:
Due to its unusual nature, both heavy snowfall and strong winds caused a swath of devastation stretching from the
2209:
1921:
1617:
1582:
1018:, its widespread early-season snowfall was unprecedented, with few comparable storms since, among them being the
1015:
879:
776:
668:
599:
1896:
1696:
Blake, Eric S.; Kimberlain Todd B.; Berg, Robert J.; Cangialosi, John P.; Beven II, John L. (12 February 2013).
1272:
968:, the snowstorm's effects remained disastrous; following its passage, a 60 acres (240,000 m) timber lot at
307:) in damage. The hurricane of 1804, generally described as the most severe storm in the United States since the
94:
2085:
1055:
1022:, producing several feet of snowfall in many areas. Similar circumstances occurred in 2012 with the arrival of
918:
891:
863:
828:
815:
555:
98:
718:, and many forests were razed throughout other parts of the region, making roads impassable. Remarkably, the
634:. The steeple was eventually repaired and restored several times, yet was blown down by once more in 1954 by
847:
839:
780:
768:
740:
699:
695:
626:, with high winds and heavy snow averaging 5 to 14 in (13 to 36 cm) causing significant havoc. In
421:
1938:
1521:
978:
938:
914:
887:
851:
824:
820:
802:, many buildings' roofs were hurled away by intense gusts. Bentley also observed the unusual abundance of
732:
707:
676:
660:
655:
647:
430:
1973:
1160:
930:
905:
859:
799:
711:
703:
664:
614:
502:
442:
263:
65:
682:
The storm uprooted thousands of trees throughout the easternmost sections of the state. In the town of
546:, a vessel weathered through a squall, but managed to escape without being capsized. To the north near
2068:
1930:
1249:
1184:, three due to presumed drowning at Plymouth, one offshore Rye Beach, and one to the wrecking of the
1069:
909:
901:
760:
643:
618:
The second steeple of the Old North Church, which replaced the original toppled by the 1804 hurricane
470:
401:
366:
354:
304:
239:
152:
1943:
790:
Powerful winds induced substantial destruction throughout other portions of the state. The diary of
1638:
934:
843:
683:
651:
587:
571:
567:
535:
466:
274:
175:
878:, along the hurricane's northern edge, were less severe, higher snowfall totals were recorded. In
1956:
1900:
1776:
1353:
1083:
957:
942:
719:
583:
450:
1913:
945:, a woman, swept to sea on a stranded ship, was found dead with an infant in her hands, and the
956:. Even so, a source detailed snowfall depths of 20 in (51 cm) within the vicinity of
566:, an arriving ferry was inundated by a sudden gale. In New Jersey, a ferry was overturned near
2089:
2044:
2018:
1977:
795:
350:
255:
1572:
586:, up to 18 in (46 cm) of snow accumulated, despite reports of fast-melting snow at
2103:
1948:
1892:
1607:
982:
969:
961:
834:
While reports of snowfall were generally sporadic in Massachusetts, snowfall was copious in
672:
639:
631:
591:
575:
481:
in 1963, which triggered 13 in (33 cm) of snow in regions of northern and central
474:
362:
219:
694:, gusts toppled trees and fences, yet no residential damage was observed. Further south in
381:
induced southeasterly gusts, the 1804 hurricane's, in contrast, were mostly southwesterly.
2032:
2006:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1035:
1027:
1023:
998:
922:
791:
635:
603:
578:
state was largely insignificant, though rain totals reached 2.27 in (5.8 cm) in
507:
490:
478:
417:
409:
345:
127:
2062:
1992:
1934:
1358:
1143:
1135:
1106:
990:
986:
807:
756:
547:
393:
374:
370:
358:
341:
243:
167:
39:
1697:
771:, apparently from drowning at sea. Dozens of watercraft were driven aground at Salem,
336:
on the same day. Little else was known about the storm until its approach towards the
2118:
2078:
2058:
1960:
974:
875:
767:
capsized nearby, its crew perishing with it. Three bodies were also washed ashore at
623:
595:
579:
434:
426:
397:
296:
267:
259:
231:
222:
in recorded history known to have produced snowfall. An unusual late-season storm in
163:
123:
17:
324:
are mostly unknown. A modern study conducted in 2006 traced its origins to north of
250:. Soon thereafter, the hurricane's abundant moisture clashed with an influx of cold
1904:
855:
563:
1914:"A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700–1855"
1275:. EOS Project Science Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. September 12, 2021
594:
were seemingly more extreme than any other previous storm in the region, and the
994:
941:, each received 24 to 36 in (61 to 91 cm) of frozen precipitation. At
883:
835:
539:
462:
325:
321:
262:, it attained its peak intensity of 110 mph (175 km/h), undergoing an
247:
179:
392:
at noon on October 9, and historical documents confirm it quickly reached
1952:
1045:
543:
527:
405:
389:
365:, precipitated by the storm's western periphery, in advance of an approaching
333:
119:
559:
558:, and consequently was unable to traverse the bay. A negative storm tide at
551:
461:
The hurricane brought strong gusts, copious snow, and heavy rain throughout
413:
667:, winds toppled several homes, while shipping was impacted by the storm in
384:
Historical records chronicled the remainder of the storm's track along the
698:, however, winds wrecked several houses and overturned numerous boats. At
904:). Due to snow-obstructed roads, post was delivered on horseback, and at
896:
772:
748:
523:
498:
329:
279:
171:
882:, damage was minimal and mainly confined to fences. On October 10,
534:, few other details are known and no damage was observed. Losses in the
1222:
997:, causing moderate destruction and killing several cattle. However, at
953:
803:
300:
283:
1998:
627:
489:, which dropped several feet in New England at its worst. Similarly,
446:
287:
251:
200:
183:
908:, the hurricane was so intense that a group of men traveling toward
798:
and Bentley's own house suffered considerable injury, and in nearby
396:
later that morning, maintaining west-to-north winds. While gusts in
1874:
Boose, Emery R.; Chamberlin, Kristen E.; Foster, David R. (2001).
1031:
965:
482:
328:
on October 4, 1804, and reports indicated it also passed by
1030:
in 1963, generating accumulations of 13 in (33 cm) in
949:
was also wrecked along its shores, causing an additional death.
1994:
History of the Town of Abington, Plymouth County, Massachusetts
1130:
There have been several subsequent Atlantic "snow hurricanes":
510:, confirmed to have intensified while inland over New England.
1876:"Landscape and Regional Impacts of Hurricanes in New England"
1219:"Snowy hurricanes are a thing, here's when they've happened"
2108:
Great Storms and Famous Shipwrecks of the New England Coast
1897:
10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0027:LARIOH]2.0.CO;2
838:. More than 3 in (7.6 cm) of snow accumulated at
747:
was also beached, but the latter craft's crew survived. At
554:
was impeded by unrelenting west-to-northwesterly gusts at
258:
and provoking inland intensification. While situated over
675:
was dismantled to prevent its imminent collapse, and in
320:
The origins of the hurricane prior to its approach near
921:, and over 36 to 48 in (91 to 122 cm) in the
831: – over a hundred cattle died at Topsfield alone.
814:; however, no accumulation was measured in Boston and
369:. The following morning, the trough's motion near the
44:
Map of Massachusetts at the time of the 1804 hurricane
842:, while over 12 in (30 cm) was recorded at
686:, the storm was reportedly the most severe since the
679:, more than 30,000 unburnt bricks were wrecked.
1769:
1767:
702:, winds brought down at least 80 trees, and in
522:
Though the hurricane was reported to have passed by
2110:. Boston, Massachusetts: Yankee Publishing Company.
1159:
All damage figures in the article are in 1804
622:Devastation was widespread throughout the state of
437:, equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane on the
282:, and high winds downed numerous branches in fruit
159:
147:
139:
134:
113:
105:
82:
74:
64:
56:
49:
2077:
638:and mended once again. Meanwhile, the roof of the
1848:
1846:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1608:"Hurricane Ginny – October 19–30, 1963"
1554:
1552:
1492:
1428:
570:, and another ran ashore within the proximity of
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
542:, but isolated damage was still noted. Offshore
1672:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1636:"Rare October snowstorm hammers Northeast U.S."
1613:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1578:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1506:
1504:
1502:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
763:) in goods and leading to one death, while the
727:powerful gusts without much success – the
254:air, leading to the deepening of the resulting
2071:: Salem Press Publishing and Printing Company.
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1573:"Early Nineteenth Century Virginia Hurricanes"
562:grounded multiple boats, and farther north at
493:in 2012 brought heavy snow along areas of the
1245:"WEATHER U: The science behind the snowicane"
8:
1674:. Weather Prediction Center. 29 October 2012
1662:
1660:
1566:
1564:
1180:, one as a result of the destruction of the
714:, more than 130 trees toppled onto the
32:
2130:1804 natural disasters in the United States
1691:
1689:
1601:
1599:
735:, killing seven people. The captain of the
497:, with its highest depths concentrated in
234:on October 4, and later emerged near
38:
31:
2037:Early American winters, 1604–1820, vol. 1
1942:
787:experienced no losses of ships or boats.
1698:Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Sandy
1634:Burt, Christopher C. (30 October 2011).
1188:. A number of individuals died upon the
613:
473:and 48 in (120 cm) of snow at
1209:
1192:; however, no specific number is known.
1123:
810:and up to 18 in (46 cm) near
449:, where it subsequently encountered an
1629:
1627:
854:. Devastation was also widespread in
433:of 110 mph (175 km/h) over
412:) by the early afternoon. Though the
27:Category 2 Atlantic hurricane in 1804
7:
2011:Early American hurricanes, 1492–1870
1703:(Report). National Hurricane Center.
1217:Cokinos, Samara (October 14, 2020).
846:. Moderate snowfall also accrued at
538:were much less severe than those in
388:. A "dreadful squall" occurred near
439:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
1176:, one due to the grounding of the
858:, with numerous houses damaged at
25:
1092:1804 Antigua–Charleston hurricane
779:, causing significant damage. At
404:, which bottomed out at 977
266:. Even as it drifted towards the
2125:1800s Atlantic hurricane seasons
1076:
1062:
1048:
1012:Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635
688:Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635
582:. Meanwhile, to the west in the
309:Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635
238:. By early on October 9, a
2041:American Meteorological Society
2015:American Meteorological Society
1606:Roth, David M. (6 March 2013).
1571:Roth, David M. (1 March 2007).
1273:"Unusual Snowfall in Greenland"
1243:Day, Cindy (November 2, 2020).
870:Northern New England and Canada
386:East Coast of the United States
338:East Coast of the United States
228:East Coast of the United States
2140:Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes
2088:: Branden Publishing Company.
2076:Schofield, William G. (1988).
2064:Historic Storms of New England
1102:List of New England hurricanes
1097:1804 Atlantic hurricane season
759:, losing $ 100,000 (1804
246:turned the disturbance toward
1:
1668:"Model Diagnostic Discussion"
1546:Boose et al. 2001, p. 40
1510:Boose et al. 2001, p. 34
1446:Boose et al. 2001, p. 39
917:, 24 in (61 cm) at
201:1804–05 North American winter
2200:Hurricanes in South Carolina
1349:"Historical Report Database"
716:fifth Massachusetts Turnpike
574:. The hurricane's impact in
109:110 mph (175 km/h)
2165:Hurricanes in Massachusetts
1912:Chenoweth, Michael (2006).
1745:Schofield 1988, p. 132
1293:Chenoweth 2006, p. 222
1161:United States dollars (USD)
2226:
2185:Hurricanes in Rhode Island
2180:Hurricanes in Pennsylvania
532:Georgetown, South Carolina
501:, albeit while exhibiting
236:Georgetown, South Carolina
216:Storm of October 1804
212:1804 New England hurricane
33:1804 New England hurricane
2170:Hurricanes in New England
2150:Hurricanes in Connecticut
2135:1804 in the United States
2039:. Boston, Massachusetts:
2013:. Boston, Massachusetts:
1991:Hobart, Benjamin (1866).
1953:10.1007/s10584-005-9005-2
1618:Weather Prediction Center
1583:Weather Prediction Center
1020:2011 Halloween nor'easter
1016:Atlantic hurricane season
487:2011 Halloween nor'easter
189:
89:
37:
2175:Hurricanes in New Jersey
2086:Wellesley, Massachusetts
2033:Ludlum, David McWilliams
2007:Ludlum, David McWilliams
1968:Dolan, Susan A. (2009).
1861:Perley 1891, p. 170
1852:Perley 1891, p. 169
1838:Ludlum 1966, p. 170
1814:Perley 1891, p. 172
1802:Perley 1891, p. 171
1720:Hobart 1866, p. 259
1558:Perley 1891, p. 168
1388:Ludlum 1966, p. 169
1163:unless otherwise stated.
1056:Tropical cyclones portal
892:Connecticut River Valley
556:Havre de Grace, Maryland
443:extratropical transition
264:extratropical transition
230:, it passed through the
1496:Ludlum 1963, p. 37
1466:Ludlum 1963, p. 36
1432:Ludlum 1963, p. 38
1402:Ludlum 1963, p. 35
796:property of Paul Revere
431:maximum sustained winds
357:before arriving on the
194:1804 Atlantic hurricane
2195:Hurricanes in Virginia
2160:Hurricanes in Maryland
2001:: T.H. Carter and Son.
1790:Dolan 2009, p. 20
1522:"Hurricane Track Data"
1253:. Halifax, Nova Scotia
755:was swept inland near
619:
518:Mid-Atlantic and south
379:New England hurricanes
316:Meteorological history
51:Meteorological history
2190:Hurricanes in Vermont
1999:Boston, Massachusetts
1974:National Park Service
1884:Ecological Monographs
1774:"Distressing Storm".
1761:Snow 1943, p. 94
1736:Snow 1943, p. 93
723:same space of time".
673:Charlestown Navy Yard
617:
451:area of high pressure
355:Appalachian Mountains
78:October 11, 1804
70:October 10, 1804
18:Storm of October 1804
2145:Hurricanes in Canada
2069:Salem, Massachusetts
1972:. Washington, D.C.:
1250:The Chronicle Herald
1221:. Orlando, Florida:
1070:United States portal
610:Southern New England
606:on October 10.
544:Cape Henry, Virginia
471:Salem, Massachusetts
402:atmospheric pressure
344:. Weather historian
114:Lowest pressure
84:Category 2 hurricane
60:October 4, 1804
2205:October 1804 events
2155:Hurricanes in Maine
1935:2006ClCh...76..169C
1645:on 20 December 2013
1639:Weather Underground
1520:Boose; et al.
536:Mid-Atlantic states
467:Mid-Atlantic region
275:Mid-Atlantic states
214:(also known as the
182:, and southeastern
176:Mid-Atlantic States
34:
2080:Freedom by the Bay
1780:. 12 October 1804.
1777:Newburyport Herald
1526:Harvard University
1365:on 26 October 2016
1354:Harvard University
1084:New England portal
874:Although winds in
720:Endicott Pear Tree
620:
584:Catskill Mountains
457:Impact and records
268:Canadian maritimes
106:Highest winds
91:1-minute sustained
2104:Snow, Edward Rowe
2095:978-0-8283-1922-5
2050:978-0-933876-23-1
2024:978-0-933876-16-3
1983:978-0-16-082127-1
351:pressure gradient
340:and transit near
256:pressure gradient
208:
207:
16:(Redirected from
2217:
2210:1804 meteorology
2111:
2099:
2083:
2072:
2054:
2028:
2002:
1987:
1964:
1946:
1929:(1–2): 169–240.
1918:
1908:
1880:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1839:
1836:
1815:
1812:
1803:
1800:
1791:
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1759:
1746:
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1721:
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1705:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1641:. Archived from
1631:
1622:
1621:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1528:. Harvard Forest
1517:
1511:
1508:
1497:
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1467:
1464:
1447:
1444:
1433:
1430:
1403:
1400:
1389:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1361:. Archived from
1345:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1193:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1128:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1051:
913:(15 cm) at
886:was observed in
632:Old North Church
475:Windsor, Vermont
363:upstate New York
220:tropical cyclone
218:) was the first
151:$ 100,000 (1804
130:
85:
52:
42:
35:
21:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2115:
2114:
2102:
2096:
2075:
2057:
2051:
2031:
2025:
2005:
1990:
1984:
1970:Fruitful Legacy
1967:
1944:10.1.1.693.8761
1922:Climatic Change
1916:
1911:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1842:
1837:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1760:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1724:
1719:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1500:
1495:
1470:
1465:
1450:
1445:
1436:
1431:
1406:
1401:
1392:
1387:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1347:
1346:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1148:Hurricane Larry
1140:Hurricane Sandy
1132:Hurricane Ginny
1129:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1036:1869 Saxby Gale
1028:Hurricane Ginny
1024:Hurricane Sandy
1007:
923:Green Mountains
872:
792:William Bentley
743:and the vessel
636:Hurricane Carol
612:
604:New York Harbor
520:
508:1869 Saxby Gale
491:Hurricane Sandy
479:Hurricane Ginny
465:and across the
459:
418:weather station
318:
198:
190:
135:Overall effects
117:
83:
50:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2094:
2073:
2059:Perley, Sidney
2055:
2049:
2029:
2023:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1965:
1909:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1854:
1840:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1783:
1763:
1747:
1738:
1722:
1706:
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1623:
1595:
1560:
1548:
1539:
1512:
1498:
1468:
1448:
1434:
1404:
1390:
1376:
1359:Harvard Forest
1295:
1286:
1264:
1235:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1165:
1152:
1144:Hurricane Zeta
1136:Hurricane Noel
1122:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:Little ice age
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1073:
1059:
1043:
1040:
1006:
1003:
871:
868:
808:the Berkshires
757:Highland Light
611:
608:
548:Chesapeake Bay
519:
516:
458:
455:
394:Chesapeake Bay
375:Beaufort scale
371:Virginia Capes
359:Atlantic coast
342:South Carolina
317:
314:
244:Virginia Capes
206:
205:
187:
186:
168:South Carolina
161:
160:Areas affected
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
132:
131:
126:); 28.85
115:
111:
110:
107:
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102:
87:
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68:
62:
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43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2208:
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2176:
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2168:
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2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
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2082:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1910:
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1898:
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1877:
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1811:
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1805:
1799:
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1748:
1742:
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1733:
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1713:
1711:
1707:
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1657:
1644:
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1637:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1619:
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1609:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1584:
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1555:
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1549:
1543:
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1527:
1523:
1516:
1513:
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1405:
1399:
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1213:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1187:
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1169:
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1137:
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1103:
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1098:
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1089:
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1074:
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1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:Sidney Perley
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:New Hampshire
869:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
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813:
809:
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801:
797:
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788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
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750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
724:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:King's Chapel
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:Massachusetts
616:
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
596:Hudson Valley
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:New York City
577:
573:
572:Absecon Beach
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
517:
515:
511:
509:
504:
503:extratropical
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:Massachusetts
432:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:New York City
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
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315:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Massachusetts
292:
289:
285:
281:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
260:Massachusetts
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:Caribbean Sea
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
204:
202:
196:
195:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:Caribbean Sea
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
81:
77:
73:
69:
67:
66:Extratropical
63:
59:
55:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2107:
2079:
2063:
2036:
2010:
1993:
1969:
1926:
1920:
1891:(1): 27–48.
1888:
1882:
1868:Bibliography
1857:
1786:
1775:
1741:
1676:. Retrieved
1671:
1647:. Retrieved
1643:the original
1611:
1586:. Retrieved
1576:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1525:
1515:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:the original
1352:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1212:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1155:
1146:(2020), and
1126:
1008:
951:
946:
927:Peterborough
873:
856:Rhode Island
833:
789:
764:
752:
744:
736:
731:capsized at
728:
725:
681:
621:
564:Philadelphia
521:
512:
460:
408:(28.87
383:
346:David Ludlum
319:
293:
272:
215:
211:
209:
199:
192:
191:Part of the
90:
29:
1678:20 December
1649:20 December
1588:27 December
1532:18 December
1369:19 December
1190:John Harris
900:(1804
884:thundersnow
836:Connecticut
812:Stockbridge
785:New Bedford
765:John Harris
739:drowned at
733:Ipswich Bar
692:Plum Island
652:Charlestown
590:. Winds at
540:New England
463:New England
422:circulation
326:Puerto Rico
322:New England
248:New England
180:New England
2119:Categories
1279:October 5,
1257:October 7,
1228:October 5,
1200:References
880:Portsmouth
864:Providence
848:Woodbridge
840:Litchfield
777:Marblehead
669:Gloucester
528:Guadaloupe
495:East Coast
390:Cape Henry
334:Guadaloupe
140:Fatalities
75:Dissipated
1961:154932650
1939:CiteSeerX
1205:Citations
1182:Protector
1118:Footnotes
970:Thomaston
958:Lunenburg
943:Rye Beach
919:Goffstown
852:New Haven
829:Topsfield
816:Worcester
753:Protector
588:Rochester
560:Baltimore
552:mail boat
524:Dominique
414:barometer
330:Dominique
242:near the
143:16 direct
2106:(1943).
2061:(1891).
2035:(1966).
2009:(1963).
1142:(2012),
1138:(2007),
1134:(1963),
1042:See also
999:Portland
983:Wiscaset
979:Kennebec
897:wet snow
781:Abington
773:Cape Ann
769:Plymouth
749:Cape Cod
741:Cohasset
700:Rehoboth
696:Plymouth
600:Newburgh
576:New York
499:Virginia
286:, froze
284:orchards
280:wet snow
252:Canadian
172:Virginia
1931:Bibcode
1905:9369240
1223:WKMG-TV
1150:(2021).
1005:Records
991:Kittery
987:Berwick
962:Windsor
954:Vermont
939:Amherst
915:Hanover
888:Walpole
860:Newport
825:Newbury
821:Walpole
804:seaweed
708:Taunton
677:Peabody
661:Dighton
656:Danvers
648:Beverly
568:Trenton
416:at the
301:Vermont
2092:
2047:
2021:
1980:
1959:
1941:
1903:
1178:Hannah
993:, and
937:, and
931:Rindge
906:Gilsum
844:Goshen
827:, and
800:Nahant
775:, and
751:, the
737:Hannah
712:Dedham
704:Quincy
665:Milton
654:, and
628:Boston
592:Hudson
530:, and
447:Canada
367:trough
288:potato
240:trough
203:season
184:Canada
148:Damage
57:Formed
1957:S2CID
1917:(PDF)
1901:S2CID
1879:(PDF)
1701:(PDF)
1186:Amity
1113:Notes
1032:Maine
966:Maine
947:Amity
910:Keene
644:Salem
483:Maine
95:SSHWS
2090:ISBN
2045:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1978:ISBN
1680:2013
1651:2013
1590:2013
1534:2013
1371:2013
1281:2021
1259:2021
1230:2021
1174:Dove
995:York
935:Lyme
862:and
745:Mary
729:Dove
684:Lynn
663:and
550:, a
410:inHg
406:mbar
332:and
224:1804
210:The
128:inHg
120:mbar
118:977
1949:doi
1893:doi
902:USD
761:USD
427:eye
305:USD
197:and
153:USD
124:hPa
99:NWS
2121::
2084:.
2067:.
2043:.
2017:.
1997:.
1976:.
1955:.
1947:.
1937:.
1927:76
1925:.
1919:.
1899:.
1889:71
1887:.
1881:.
1843:^
1819:^
1807:^
1795:^
1766:^
1750:^
1725:^
1709:^
1688:^
1670:.
1659:^
1626:^
1616:.
1610:.
1598:^
1581:.
1575:.
1563:^
1551:^
1524:.
1501:^
1471:^
1451:^
1437:^
1407:^
1393:^
1379:^
1357:.
1351:.
1298:^
1247:.
1038:.
989:,
985:,
981:,
933:,
929:,
823:,
650:,
646:,
526:,
178:,
174:,
170:,
166:,
2098:.
2053:.
2027:.
1986:.
1963:.
1951::
1933::
1907:.
1895::
1682:.
1653:.
1620:.
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