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horse grazes a patch of grass containing the larval stage. Back inside the host the infective larval stage migrates to the small intestine where it can enter the intestinal mucosa and further develop into the L4 stage. It is this stage that can enter the blood vessels and migrate throughout the body for a period of up to six months. During this time the L4 stage matures into the L5 or immature adult stage before returning to the intestinal wall. The L5 stage resides primarily in the cecum and colon where the males and females copulate thus starting the cycle over again.
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determine what kind of protection each individual horse requires and alternating products in the fall and spring. An example would be using ivermectin based products (Equell or
Zimectrin) in the spring and moxidectin based products in combination with praziquantel (Quest Plus) in the fall or vice versa. A deworming schedule should be discussed with a veterinarian.
191:. It looks like a long worm with a large biting mouth. They are usually reddish in color because of all the blood they take from the equine host. This nematode is considered to be one of the "most pathogenic" of the large strongyles subphylum and is distributed worldwide, wherever there are grassland and temperate environments.
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are the most effective against these parasites. Treating a horse with regular dewormer when they have the worms inside of them may cause the worms to migrate all at once, causing rupture of the intestines and lead to death. Recommendations for deworming horses include performing fecal egg counts to
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are primarily found in the cecum and colon of infected equids and it is here that the females will lay their eggs. These eggs will pass out of the horse's body in the feces. Once outside the body the eggs will hatch and develop into the infective larval stage L3. The larvae enter the host when the
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life cycle, the larvae that have matured in the intestinal tract of the horse will migrate into the surrounding blood vessels. Once in the blood vessels, the larvae will continue their migration throughout the body to various organs causing damage to the blood vessels along the way. This can cause
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Horses are able to pick up this parasite from food and water contaminated by feces. This can be avoided by cleaning water tanks and picking out pastures often, avoidance of feeding on the ground, and avoidance of overstocking pastures. As foals can be extremely susceptible to this parasite, it is
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Symptoms can range depending on how severe the infection is. In mild cases the most common clinical signs are weight loss, compromised performance, and a dull hair coat. Other clinical signs can range from diarrhea, weakness, anorexia, anemia if there are significant blood loss and abdominal
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discomfort. Severe cases can show signs of having severe colic, rupture of the intestines, and death. These signs may also be observed with other equine-related infections or illnesses and their presence alone should not be used to diagnose an infection of
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are commonly found in pastures and stalls where feces are present. The larvae crawl up on the grass which is where they are then eaten by the horse. Harsh environments, such as freezing, do not kill
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infection as the fecal samples often contain a mixture of large and small strongyle eggs that are very similar in appearance. The best diagnostic method to determine if a horse has a
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Large strongyle infections are commonly diagnosed through the observations of fecal samples. These fecal samples can be viewed under a microscope to identify the eggs of
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infection is through a fecal culture. Here the eggs grow and develop into the infective larval stage that is specific to the large strongyle parasite.
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anemia or blockage of blood flow caused by the detachment of blood clots from the vessel wall resulting in tissue death.
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best to treat broodmares before they give birth and move them to uninfected pastures to avoid transfer.
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557:"The Worm That Kills - And Why Only Two Worming Chemicals Can Stop It - The Horse's Back"
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241:. Diagnosis via egg identification is not enough to determine if the horse has a
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479:"Large Strongyles in Horses - Digestive System - Merck Veterinary Manual"
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225:. A veterinarian is required for further diagnosis when infection with
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De Ley, P. & Blaxter, M. "Systematic
Position and Phylogeny."
305:"Large Strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris, S. equinus, S. edentatus)"
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187:, is a common horse parasite in the phylum
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357:. Lee D. L. (Ed.). London & New York:
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418:"Strongyles in horses – Extension Horses"
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402:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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712:4f3be5e1-1be1-48e7-8a09-0321d8299da6
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270:Dewormers that have ivermectin or
199:During the infective stage of the
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583:"Animal Hospital in Sterling, CO"
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815:Parasitic nematodes of mammals
505:"S. Vulgaris Life Cycle Frame"
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334:Boehringer-ingelheim.com.au
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454:"Large Strongyles, Equine"
825:Animals described in 1900
183:), commonly known as the
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52:Scientific classification
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531:"Parasites And Pastures"
355:The Biology of Nematodes
309:Animalworldnetwork.com
195:Background information
820:Parasites of equines
707:Fauna Europaea (new)
587:Vetmedicalclinic.com
422:Horses.extension.org
359:Taylor & Francis
18:Species of roundworm
647:Strongylus_vulgaris
618:Strongylus vulgaris
176:Strongylus vulgaris
161:Strongylus vulgaris
44:Strongylus vulgaris
27:Strongylus vulgaris
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507:. Archived from
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247:S. vulgaris
243:S. vulgaris
239:S. vulgaris
227:S. vulgaris
223:S. vulgaris
210:S. vulgaris
206:S. vulgaris
201:S. vulgaris
181:large strongyles
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143:S. vulgaris
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563:. 17 April 2014
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330:"Animal Health"
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537:. August 1999
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590:. Retrieved
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535:TheHorse.com
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513:. Retrieved
509:the original
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483:the original
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167:(Looss 1900)
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119:Strongylidae
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42:Close-up of
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810:Strongylida
733:iNaturalist
259:S. vulgaris
99:Chromadorea
46:mouthparts
804:Categories
436:"VetFolio"
288:References
279:Prevention
272:moxidectin
253:Life cycle
185:blood worm
130:Strongylus
109:Rhabditida
266:Treatment
233:Diagnosis
137:Species:
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
751:10706895
627:Wikidata
592:28 March
567:28 April
541:28 April
515:27 April
489:27 April
463:28 April
398:cite web
388:27 April
339:28 March
314:28 April
189:Nematoda
115:Family:
89:Nematoda
85:Phylum:
79:Animalia
65:Domain:
725:5188635
673:2926509
633:Q267232
125:Genus:
105:Order:
95:Class:
787:585543
771:NZOR:
738:534477
699:392425
686:251337
660:174111
764:40348
746:IRMNG
681:EUNIS
382:(PDF)
375:(PDF)
759:NCBI
720:GBIF
655:BOLD
594:2022
569:2016
543:2016
517:2018
491:2018
465:2016
404:link
390:2018
341:2022
316:2016
668:EoL
642:AFD
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
