258:
75:
50:
31:
266:
from 8 to 12 oz (230 to 340 g) and the animals grow to 5.7 to 9 in (14 to 23 cm) in length, with wings spanning up to 30 in (76 cm). Males are generally larger than females. The bat's heart is very large, and its wings are long and tapered at the tip. The cheeks of the bat are also large and pouch-like.
274:
The straw-coloured fruit bat is a highly social species. The bats tend to live in groups of over 100,000 and at times that number may increase to almost one million. At night the bats leave the roost in smaller groups to find food by sight and smell. They have also been seen chewing on soft wood for
265:
The straw-coloured fruit bat is named for the silky yellowish or straw colour of its fur. The wings are black, and the back hair is pale and tawny. Males are generally bright orange and females are usually yellowish. The bats have large cheeks, eyes, and ears. The average weight of these bats ranges
240:
due to a decreasing population trend. Straw-coloured fruit bats travel in massive colonies of at least 100,000 bats and sometimes massing up to 1 million. From
October to end of December every year, in the largest migration of mammals on the planet, up to 10 million straw-coloured fruit bats
193:
249:, roosting in a 2 hectares (4.9 acres) area of Mushitu forest each day. This migration was only discovered in 1980. Their necks and backs are a yellowish-brown colour, while their undersides are tawny olive or brownish.
3618:
335:, in many forest and savanna zones, and around the southwestern Arabian peninsula. It can also be found in urban areas and at altitudes up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft). It prefers tall trees for roosting.
589:
300:. During the day, they will be found resting and moving among the colony. Year to year, season to season, the bats will return to the same place where they found food the previous year or season.
307:
until
October and is synchronized with all females implanting during this time. The delay corresponds one of two dry periods in the home range of the bats. Birth occurs in February and March.
3683:
3789:
3748:
331:
The straw-coloured fruit bat is the most widely distributed fruit bat in Africa, and perhaps the world. It appears mainly in Africa, mostly among the
319:, and fruits. In captivity, they are fed various mixes, including apples, oranges, bananas, grapes, and cantaloupe. In some zoos, they are also fed a
3657:
3263:
315:
The diets of straw-coloured fruit bats vary depending on whether or not they are living in captivity. Wild bats usually eat bark, flowers, leaves,
3696:
3374:
3239:
3230:
704:
257:
3156:
450:
350:
In 2011, it was estimated that about 128,400 straw-coloured fruit bats are traded as bushmeat every year in four cities in southern Ghana.
1568:
1559:
3088:
1613:
624:
Kamins, A. O.; Restif, O.; Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y.; Suu-Ire, R.; Hayman, D. T.; Cunningham, A. A.; Wood, J. L. & Rowcliffe, J. M. (2011).
3804:
3174:
3124:
1658:
1166:
802:
3106:
1577:
514:
3365:
3722:
3165:
3070:
3061:
2594:
1586:
1184:
838:
2771:
1968:
1667:
1631:
1604:
901:
856:
283:
through the forests. They are the main agents of seed dispersal for the increasingly rare and economically significant
African
3740:
3097:
2762:
1649:
1640:
952:
3701:
2317:
2168:
2132:
2019:
1622:
1324:
1175:
829:
3079:
3052:
2141:
1258:
1130:
883:
874:
3420:
3735:
3592:
3466:
1728:
1595:
943:
865:
847:
811:
1225:
3115:
2666:
2398:
2263:
1791:
1216:
919:
820:
697:
3753:
626:"Uncovering the fruit bat bushmeat commodity chain and the true extent of fruit bat hunting in Ghana, West Africa"
3383:
2931:
1850:
74:
3794:
2720:
2470:
2159:
2150:
1691:
1333:
1315:
1067:
1043:
2675:
2380:
2344:
1282:
1139:
303:
The mating season of straw-coloured fruit bats is from April to June and is not synchronized among the bats.
3799:
3457:
2567:
2299:
2227:
2108:
2084:
2010:
1900:
1809:
1800:
1758:
1446:
1413:
233:
3532:
2904:
2899:
2576:
2479:
2362:
2254:
1767:
1422:
1098:
1077:
910:
3584:
3809:
3597:
2648:
2630:
2290:
1891:
1841:
1480:
892:
690:
242:
169:
3499:
1527:
1148:
3631:
3475:
2976:
2958:
2657:
2621:
2506:
2434:
2425:
2200:
2051:
637:
414:
576:
3570:
2985:
2847:
2693:
2603:
2488:
2272:
1950:
440:
39:
391:
2922:
2829:
2684:
2612:
2543:
2416:
2326:
2236:
2209:
1882:
1306:
551:
332:
304:
229:
69:
367:
Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A.M.; Bergmans, W.; Fahr, J.; Racey, P.A. (2020).
192:
3688:
484:
3761:
3605:
3333:
3324:
3198:
2913:
2702:
2558:
2533:
2515:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2407:
2308:
2281:
1977:
1959:
1505:
785:
663:
559:
510:
446:
221:
3766:
3300:
2940:
2886:
2738:
2729:
2711:
2639:
2585:
2549:
2497:
2371:
2335:
2218:
1986:
1157:
1010:
653:
645:
604:
543:
530:
Fayenuwo, J. O.; Halstead, L. B. (22 May 1974). "Breeding Cycle of Straw-Colored Fruit Bat,
386:
3714:
2949:
2838:
2524:
2353:
2034:
1700:
1682:
1470:
1381:
1357:
1234:
1019:
289:
54:
682:
641:
3438:
2389:
2245:
750:
658:
625:
280:
3783:
3709:
3490:
3315:
3291:
3213:
3013:
2971:
1249:
1058:
934:
472:
377:
237:
146:
59:
368:
3610:
3448:
3281:
3254:
3189:
3025:
2753:
1928:
1865:
1782:
1741:
1034:
980:
772:
30:
649:
3727:
3670:
3623:
3564:
3348:
3035:
2799:
1396:
1348:
1199:
2812:
2123:
2001:
1824:
1461:
1113:
756:
609:
216:) is a large fruit bat that is the most widely distributed of all the African
3644:
3401:
2862:
2099:
1518:
1437:
1372:
1297:
993:
297:
276:
86:
3555:
667:
296:
Although they feed at night, straw-coloured fruit bats are not necessarily
563:
3549:
3411:
2183:
2075:
1941:
1542:
1273:
1089:
744:
738:
732:
726:
344:
320:
106:
3662:
3139:
714:
555:
225:
220:. It is quite common throughout its area ranging from the southwestern
217:
136:
3675:
3579:
2881:
316:
246:
116:
96:
3526:
547:
3649:
256:
284:
261:
The straw-colored fruit bat was named based on its yellowish fur
3636:
3530:
3010:
2796:
1925:
1725:
1502:
977:
769:
686:
126:
507:
East
African mammals. Volume 2A: Insectivores and bats
3539:
3488:
3446:
3437:
3409:
3400:
3346:
3313:
3289:
3280:
3252:
3211:
3187:
3137:
3033:
3024:
2860:
2810:
2751:
2181:
2121:
2097:
2073:
2032:
1999:
1939:
1863:
1822:
1780:
1739:
1680:
1540:
1516:
1459:
1435:
1394:
1370:
1346:
1295:
1271:
1247:
1197:
1111:
1087:
1056:
1032:
991:
932:
783:
489:, in seed dispersal, survival, and germination in
588:Mickleburgh, S.; Waylen, K.; Racey, P. (2009).
495:Northern Arizona University School of Forestry.
698:
392:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T7084A22028026.en
8:
577:Oregon Zoo Information on Straw Colored Bats
509:. London: Academic Press. pp. 146–152.
473:Akron Zoo Information on Straw Colored Bats
3527:
3443:
3406:
3286:
3030:
3021:
3007:
2807:
2793:
1936:
1922:
1736:
1722:
1513:
1499:
988:
974:
780:
766:
705:
691:
683:
343:The straw-coloured fruit bat is hunted as
191:
48:
29:
20:
657:
608:
390:
3375:East African little collared fruit bat (
3264:Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
359:
3790:IUCN Red List near threatened species
3231:Hayman's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3089:Lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
493:, a threatened West African hardwood.
439:Pumfrett, Belinda (7 November 2018).
7:
3240:Peters' dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3157:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat (
1659:New Britain naked-backed fruit bat (
1167:Nusatenggara short-nosed fruit bat (
803:Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat (
3107:East African epauletted fruit bat (
1578:Philippine naked-backed fruit bat (
1569:Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat (
1560:Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat (
590:"Bats as bushmeat: a global review"
378:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2595:Little golden-mantled flying fox (
1614:Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat (
1587:Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat (
1185:Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat (
839:Round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat (
14:
3175:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat (
3125:Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat (
2772:Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat (
1969:Giant golden-crowned flying fox (
1668:Greenish naked-backed fruit bat (
1632:Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat (
1605:Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat (
902:Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat (
3098:Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat (
2763:Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat (
1650:Western naked-backed fruit bat (
1641:Panniet naked-backed fruit bat (
953:Steadfast tube-nosed fruit bat (
73:
3071:Peters's epauletted fruit bat (
3062:Ansell's epauletted fruit bat (
2318:New Ireland masked flying fox (
2169:New Georgian monkey-faced Bat (
2133:Bougainville monkey-faced Bat (
2020:Small white-winged flying fox (
1623:Lesser naked-backed fruit bat (
1176:Greater short-nosed fruit bat (
830:Mountain tube-nosed fruit bat (
200:Straw-coloured fruit bat range
3080:Gambian epauletted fruit bat (
3053:Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
2142:Guadalcanal monkey-faced Bat (
1131:Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (
884:Demonic tube-nosed fruit bat (
875:Malaita tube-nosed fruit bat (
857:Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat (
275:moisture. These bats can also
1:
3366:São Tomé collared fruit bat (
1596:Biak naked-backed fruit bat (
944:Lesser tube-nosed fruit bat (
866:Island tube-nosed fruit bat (
848:Dragon tube-nosed fruit bat (
812:Common tube-nosed fruit bat (
3356:(Little collared fruit bats)
3116:Minor epauletted fruit bat (
2667:Philippine gray flying fox (
2264:Bismarck masked flying fox (
1325:Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat (
920:Umboi tube-nosed fruit bat (
650:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.09.003
505:Kingdon, Jonathan . (1974).
347:in West and Central Africa.
3384:Little collared fruit bat (
2042:(Straw-coloured fruit bats)
1851:New Caledonia blossom bat (
1259:Fischer's pygmy fruit bat (
485:The role of the fruit bat,
3826:
2721:New Caledonia flying fox (
2471:Black-bearded flying fox (
2160:Montane monkey-faced Bat (
2151:Greater monkey-faced Bat (
2061:Straw-coloured fruit bat (
1692:Sulawesi harpy fruit bat (
1334:White-collared fruit bat (
1316:Javan tailless fruit bat (
1226:Rickart's dyak fruit bat (
1068:Spotted-winged fruit bat (
1044:Mindanao pygmy fruit bat (
3805:Mammals described in 1792
3458:Short-palated fruit bat (
3020:
3006:
2806:
2792:
2568:Geelvink Bay flying fox (
2399:Livingstone's fruit bat (
2300:Large Samoan flying fox (
2228:Small Samoan flying fox (
2109:Small-toothed fruit bat (
2085:Fijian monkey-faced Bat (
2011:White-winged flying fox (
1935:
1921:
1901:Moss-forest blossom bat (
1801:Black-bellied fruit bat (
1792:Fardoulis's blossom bat (
1759:Long-tongued nectar bat (
1749:(Long-tongued fruit bats)
1735:
1721:
1512:
1498:
1414:Greater musky fruit bat (
1217:Brooks's dyak fruit bat (
987:
973:
821:Pallas's tube-nosed bat (
779:
765:
721:
713:Extant species of family
610:10.1017/S0030605308000938
199:
190:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
24:Straw-coloured fruit bat
23:
3421:D'Anchieta's fruit bat (
2932:Leschenault's rousette (
2577:Grey-headed flying fox (
2480:Black-eared flying fox (
2363:Ontong Java flying fox (
2255:Ashy-headed flying fox (
1832:(Long-tailed fruit bats)
1768:Long-tongued fruit bat (
1550:(Bare-backed fruit bats)
1423:Lesser musky fruit bat (
1099:Black-capped fruit bat (
911:Eastern tube-nosed Bat (
534:, at Ile-Ife, Nigeria".
483:Taylor, D. A. R. et al.
327:Distribution and habitat
208:straw-coloured fruit bat
3467:Campo-Ma’an fruit bat (
2676:Temminck's flying fox (
2649:Little red flying fox (
2631:Madagascan flying fox (
2381:Andersen's flying fox (
2345:Gilliard's flying fox (
2291:Spectacled flying fox (
1892:Halmahera blossom bat (
1842:Long-tailed fruit bat (
1283:Salim Ali's fruit bat (
1140:Horsfield's fruit bat (
893:Lesser tube-nosed bat (
793:(tube-nosed fruit bats)
630:Biological Conservation
305:Implantation is delayed
3221:(Dwarf epauleted bats)
3043:(Epauleted fruit bats)
2977:Long-haired rousette (
2959:Bare-backed rousette (
2658:Seychelles fruit bat (
2622:Rodrigues flying fox (
2507:Mauritian flying fox (
2435:Big-eared flying fox (
2201:Admiralty flying fox (
2052:Madagascan fruit bat (
1810:Woodford's fruit bat (
1447:Blanford's fruit bat (
1121:(Dog-faced fruit bats)
1078:Balionycteris seimundi
262:
2986:Madagascan rousette (
2905:Geoffroy's rousette (
2870:(rousette fruit bats)
2848:Philippine dawn bat (
2694:Vanikoro flying fox (
2604:Solomons flying fox (
2489:Caroline flying fox (
2273:Moluccan flying fox (
1951:Sulawesi flying fox (
270:Behaviour and ecology
260:
243:Kasanka National Park
3500:Zenker's fruit bat (
3166:Dobson's fruit bat (
2830:Greater nectar bat (
2685:Insular flying fox (
2613:Rennell flying fox (
2417:Okinawa flying fox (
2327:Nicobar flying fox (
2237:Vanuatu flying fox (
2210:Aldabra flying fox (
1883:Common blossom bat (
1528:Bulmer's fruit bat (
1307:Tailless fruit bat (
1149:Peters's fruit bat (
536:Journal of Mammalogy
415:"How to Catch a Bat"
385:: e.T7084A22028026.
333:sub-Saharan climates
224:, across forest and
3476:Pohle's fruit bat (
3325:Azagnyi fruit bat (
3199:Hammer-headed Bat (
2988:R. madagascariensis
2923:Egyptian rousette (
2914:Sulawesi rousette (
2703:Kosrae flying fox (
2559:Masked flying fox (
2534:Ornate flying fox (
2516:Temotu flying fox (
2462:Indian flying fox (
2453:Mariana fruit bat (
2444:Lesser flying fox (
2426:Lyle's flying fox (
2408:Lombok flying fox (
2309:Ryukyu flying fox (
2282:Makira flying fox (
2022:D. microleucopterus
1978:Palawan fruit bat (
1960:Talaud flying fox (
642:2011BCons.144.3000K
419:National Geographic
40:Conservation status
3301:Angolan rousette (
2941:Linduan Rousette (
2907:R. amplexicaudatus
2887:Manado fruit bat (
2739:Dwarf flying fox (
2730:Pemba flying fox (
2712:Large flying fox (
2640:Samoa flying fox (
2586:Bonin flying fox (
2550:Pelew flying fox (
2498:Great flying fox (
2372:Small flying fox (
2336:Banks flying fox (
2219:Black flying fox (
1987:Sunda flying fox (
1404:(Musky fruit bats)
1207:(Dayak fruit bats)
1158:Minute fruit bat (
1011:Borneo fruit bat (
1001:(Pygmy fruit bats)
442:Bats About Kasanka
263:
232:. It is listed as
230:sub-Saharan Africa
3777:
3776:
3762:Open Tree of Life
3533:Taxon identifiers
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3469:C. campomaanensis
3433:
3432:
3396:
3395:
3359:
3276:
3275:
3224:
3150:
3046:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2950:Comoro rousette (
2873:
2839:Cave nectar bat (
2823:
2820:(Dawn fruit bats)
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2525:Ceram fruit bat (
2354:Gray flying fox (
2293:P. conspicillatus
2194:
2045:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1876:
1835:
1752:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1701:Harpy fruit bat (
1553:
1506:Harpyionycterinae
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1471:Swift fruit bat (
1407:
1382:Dusky fruit bat (
1360:O. cartilagonodus
1358:Luzon fruit bat (
1235:Dayak fruit bat (
1210:
1187:C. titthaecheilus
1124:
1101:C. melanocephalus
1020:Pygmy fruit bat (
1004:
969:
968:
965:
964:
796:
636:(12): 3000–3008.
452:978-9982-70-630-8
222:Arabian Peninsula
204:
203:
63:
16:Species of mammal
3817:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3528:
3444:
3407:
3368:M. brachycephala
3358:
3357:
3353:
3334:Woermann's bat (
3287:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3149:
3148:
3147:(Epauleted bats)
3144:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3008:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2794:
2660:P. seychellensis
2579:P. poliocephalus
2500:P. neohibernicus
2390:Kei flying fox (
2275:P. chrysoproctus
2246:Aru flying fox (
2203:P. admiralitatum
2193:
2192:
2188:
2044:
2043:
2039:
1937:
1923:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1853:N. neocaledonica
1834:
1833:
1829:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1723:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1514:
1500:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1003:
1002:
998:
989:
975:
795:
794:
790:
781:
767:
707:
700:
693:
684:
672:
671:
661:
621:
615:
614:
612:
594:
585:
579:
574:
568:
567:
527:
521:
520:
502:
496:
481:
475:
470:
464:
463:
461:
459:
436:
430:
429:
427:
425:
410:
404:
403:
401:
399:
394:
364:
195:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3795:Eidolon (genus)
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3695:
3687:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3535:
3525:
3508:
3484:
3429:
3392:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3309:
3272:
3248:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3207:
3183:
3159:E. buettikoferi
3146:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3016:
2994:
2934:R. leschenaulti
2869:
2868:
2866:
2856:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2802:
2780:
2747:
2696:P. tuberculatus
2518:P. nitendiensis
2401:P. livingstonii
2347:P. gilliardorum
2190:
2189:
2187:
2177:
2117:
2093:
2069:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2028:
1995:
1931:
1909:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1859:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1818:
1776:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1731:
1709:
1683:Harpyionycteris
1676:
1643:D. pannietensis
1549:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1508:
1486:
1455:
1431:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1390:
1366:
1342:
1291:
1267:
1243:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1193:
1169:C. nusatenggara
1120:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1083:
1052:
1046:A. paucidentata
1028:
1000:
999:
997:
983:
961:
928:
792:
791:
789:
775:
761:
717:
711:
681:
676:
675:
623:
622:
618:
592:
587:
586:
582:
575:
571:
548:10.2307/1379016
529:
528:
524:
517:
504:
503:
499:
491:Milicia excelsa
482:
478:
471:
467:
457:
455:
453:
438:
437:
433:
423:
421:
412:
411:
407:
397:
395:
366:
365:
361:
356:
341:
329:
313:
290:Milicia excelsa
272:
255:
234:Near Threatened
186:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
55:Near Threatened
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3823:
3821:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:Bats of Africa
3797:
3792:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3758:
3745:
3732:
3719:
3706:
3693:
3680:
3667:
3654:
3641:
3628:
3624:eidolon-helvum
3615:
3602:
3589:
3585:eidolon-helvum
3576:
3571:Eidolon helvum
3561:
3545:
3543:
3541:Eidolon helvum
3537:
3536:
3531:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3441:
3439:Scotonycterini
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3381:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3237:
3233:M. intermedius
3227:
3225:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2983:
2966:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2925:R. aegyptiacus
2920:
2911:
2894:
2893:
2876:
2874:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2769:
2765:S. mindorensis
2759:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2624:P. rodricensis
2619:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2473:P. melanopogon
2468:
2459:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2419:P. loochoensis
2414:
2410:P. lombocensis
2405:
2396:
2387:
2383:P. intermedius
2378:
2374:P. hypomelanus
2369:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2266:P. capistratus
2261:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2212:P. aldabrensis
2207:
2197:
2195:
2191:(flying foxes)
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2017:
2013:D. leucopterus
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1873:(blossom bats)
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1733:
1732:
1729:Macroglossinae
1726:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1634:D. moluccensis
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1151:C. luzoniensis
1146:
1142:C. horsfieldii
1137:
1127:
1125:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1007:
1005:
985:
984:
978:
971:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
960:
959:
950:
940:
938:
930:
929:
927:
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
881:
877:N. malaitensis
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
799:
797:
777:
776:
770:
763:
762:
760:
759:
753:
751:Laurasiatheria
747:
741:
735:
729:
722:
719:
718:
712:
710:
709:
702:
695:
687:
680:
679:External links
677:
674:
673:
616:
603:(2): 217–234.
580:
569:
542:(2): 453–454.
532:Eidolon helvum
522:
515:
497:
487:Eidolon helvum
476:
465:
451:
445:. ARC Zambia.
431:
405:
371:Eidolon helvum
358:
357:
355:
352:
340:
337:
328:
325:
312:
309:
281:disperse seeds
271:
268:
254:
251:
241:congregate in
213:Eidolon helvum
202:
201:
197:
196:
188:
187:
184:
179:Eidolon helvum
173:
172:
166:
165:
161:E. helvum
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3822:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3491:Scotonycteris
3487:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:Megaloglossus
3312:
3306:
3304:
3303:L. angolensis
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3292:Lissonycteris
3288:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3266:N. veldkampii
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:Micropteropus
3210:
3204:
3202:
3201:H. monstrosus
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3055:E. angolensis
3051:
3050:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:Epomophorinae
3009:
3005:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2972:Stenonycteris
2968:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:R. spinalatus
2957:
2955:
2953:
2952:R. obliviosus
2948:
2946:
2944:
2943:R. linduensis
2939:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2916:R. celebensis
2912:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2791:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2732:P. voeltzkowi
2728:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2678:P. temminckii
2674:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2651:P. scapulatus
2647:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2561:P. personatus
2557:
2555:
2553:
2552:P. pelewensis
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2491:P. molossinus
2487:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2311:P. dasymallus
2307:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1953:A. celebensis
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1844:N. macdonaldi
1840:
1839:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1794:M. fardoulisi
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1706:
1704:
1703:H. whiteheadi
1699:
1697:
1695:
1694:H. celebensis
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1661:D. praedatrix
1657:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1483:
1482:
1481:T. suhaniahae
1478:
1476:
1474:
1473:T. nigrescens
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1250:Haplonycteris
1246:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1133:C. brachyotis
1129:
1128:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1059:Balionycteris
1055:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
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935:Paranyctimene
931:
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923:
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891:
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887:
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878:
873:
871:
869:
864:
862:
860:
855:
853:
851:
850:N. draconilla
846:
844:
842:
837:
835:
833:
828:
826:
824:
823:N. cephalotes
819:
817:
815:
814:N. albiventer
810:
808:
806:
801:
800:
798:
788:
787:
782:
778:
774:
768:
764:
758:
754:
752:
748:
746:
742:
740:
736:
734:
730:
728:
724:
723:
720:
716:
708:
703:
701:
696:
694:
689:
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678:
669:
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660:
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651:
647:
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631:
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541:
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516:9780124083028
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238:IUCN Red List
235:
231:
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209:
198:
194:
189:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
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142:
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138:
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81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3810:Bats as food
3540:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3468:
3459:
3449:Casinycteris
3447:
3423:P. anchietae
3422:
3410:
3385:
3376:
3367:
3347:
3336:M. woermanni
3335:
3326:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3282:Myonycterini
3265:
3255:Nanonycteris
3253:
3241:
3232:
3212:
3200:
3190:Hypsignathus
3188:
3177:E. franqueti
3176:
3167:
3158:
3138:
3127:E. wahlbergi
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3082:E. gambianus
3081:
3073:E. crypturus
3072:
3063:
3054:
3034:
3026:Epomophorini
2987:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2888:
2879:
2861:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2811:
2773:
2764:
2754:Styloctenium
2752:
2741:P. woodfordi
2740:
2731:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2669:P. speciosus
2668:
2659:
2650:
2642:P. samoensis
2641:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2588:P. pselaphon
2587:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2544:P. pelagicus
2542:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2482:P. melanotus
2481:
2472:
2463:
2455:P. mariannus
2454:
2446:P. mahaganus
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2239:P. anetianus
2238:
2230:P. allenorum
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2182:
2170:
2161:
2153:P. flanneryi
2152:
2143:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2087:M. acrodonta
2086:
2074:
2062:
2060:
2054:E. dupreanum
2053:
2033:
2021:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1940:
1929:Pteropodinae
1902:
1894:S. carolinae
1893:
1885:S. australis
1884:
1866:Syconycteris
1864:
1852:
1843:
1823:
1812:M. woodfordi
1811:
1802:
1793:
1783:Melonycteris
1781:
1769:
1760:
1742:Macroglossus
1740:
1702:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1589:D. crenulata
1588:
1579:
1571:D. beauforti
1570:
1562:D. anderseni
1561:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1479:
1472:
1460:
1449:S. blanfordi
1448:
1436:
1424:
1415:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1309:M. ecaudatus
1308:
1296:
1285:L. salimalii
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1237:D. spadiceus
1236:
1227:
1218:
1198:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1035:Alionycteris
1033:
1021:
1012:
992:
981:Cynopterinae
954:
945:
933:
922:N. vizcaccia
921:
913:N. robinsoni
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
784:
773:Nyctimeninae
749:Superorder:
743:Infraclass:
715:Pteropodidae
633:
629:
619:
600:
596:
583:
572:
539:
535:
531:
525:
506:
500:
490:
486:
479:
468:
456:. Retrieved
441:
434:
422:. Retrieved
418:
408:
396:. Retrieved
382:
376:
370:
362:
349:
342:
330:
314:
302:
295:
288:
279:flowers and
273:
264:
212:
211:
207:
205:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
137:Pteropodidae
18:
3671:iNaturalist
3565:Wikispecies
3478:C. ophiodon
3460:C. argynnis
3386:M. torquata
3349:Myonycteris
3242:M. pusillus
3100:E. labiatus
3036:Epomophorus
2800:Rousettinae
2774:S. wallacei
2714:P. vampyrus
2687:P. tonganus
2615:P. rennelli
2527:P. ocularis
2437:P. macrotis
2392:P. keyensis
2365:P. howensis
2338:P. fundatus
2329:P. faunulus
2284:P. cognatus
2257:P. caniceps
2248:P. aruensis
2002:Desmalopex
1989:A. mackloti
1980:A. leucotis
1803:M. melanops
1770:M. sobrinus
1580:D. chapmani
1530:A. bulmerae
1397:Ptenochirus
1349:Otopteropus
1336:M. wetmorei
1327:M. niphanae
1318:M. kusnotoi
1261:H. fischeri
1228:D. rickarti
1200:Dyacopterus
1070:B. maculata
1013:A. aequalis
841:N. cyclotis
413:Beamer, B.
398:17 November
253:Description
3784:Categories
3502:S. zenkeri
3377:M. relicta
3327:M. azagnyi
3168:E. dobsoni
3109:E. minimus
3091:E. grandis
3064:E. anselli
3012:Subfamily
2979:R. lanosus
2850:E. robusta
2841:E. spelaea
2813:Eonycteris
2798:Subfamily
2723:P. vetulus
2705:P. ualanus
2606:P. rayneri
2597:P. pumilus
2536:P. ornatus
2356:P. griseus
2320:P. ennisae
2162:P. pulchra
2124:Pteralopex
1971:A. jubatus
1962:A. humilis
1927:Subfamily
1825:Notopteris
1761:M. minimus
1727:Subfamily
1670:D. viridis
1652:D. peronii
1616:D. inermis
1607:D. exoleta
1504:Subfamily
1462:Thoopterus
1219:D. brooksi
1160:C. minutus
1114:Cynopterus
979:Subfamily
895:N. minutus
886:N. masalai
832:N. certans
771:Subfamily
757:Chiroptera
354:References
185:Kerr, 1792
127:Chiroptera
3402:Plerotini
2970:Subgenus
2900:Rousettus
2898:Subgenus
2889:R. bidens
2880:Subgenus
2863:Rousettus
2570:P. pohlei
2464:P. medius
2221:P. alecto
2144:P. atrata
2135:P. anceps
2111:N. frosti
2100:Neopteryx
2063:E. helvum
1903:S. hobbit
1598:D. emersa
1519:Aproteles
1438:Sphaerias
1416:P. jagori
1384:P. lucasi
1373:Penthetor
1298:Megaerops
1178:C. sphinx
1022:A. alecto
994:Aethalops
946:P. raptor
904:N. rabori
859:N. keasti
786:Nyctimene
725:Kingdom:
298:nocturnal
277:pollinate
228:zones of
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
3741:13800097
3689:10977428
3550:Wikidata
3412:Plerotes
3118:E. minor
2832:E. major
2633:P. rufus
2509:P. niger
2428:P. lylei
2184:Pteropus
2076:Mirimiri
1942:Acerodon
1625:D. minor
1543:Dobsonia
1425:P. minor
1274:Latidens
1090:Chironax
955:P. tenax
868:N. major
805:N. aello
745:Eutheria
739:Mammalia
733:Chordata
731:Phylum:
727:Animalia
668:22514356
345:bushmeat
321:marmoset
218:megabats
133:Family:
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
3728:1004389
3663:2432851
3140:Epomops
2302:P. coxi
2171:P. taki
2035:Eidolon
755:Order:
737:Class:
659:3323830
638:Bibcode
564:4833188
556:1379016
458:8 March
424:8 March
339:Threats
236:on the
226:savanna
148:Eidolon
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
3767:610862
3702:631569
3650:EIDLHE
3637:327335
3580:ARKive
3556:Q33108
2882:Boneia
666:
656:
562:
554:
513:
449:
323:diet.
317:nectar
247:Zambia
3754:77214
3684:IRMNG
3676:40827
3611:38VDD
3598:88355
593:(PDF)
552:JSTOR
287:tree
3749:NCBI
3715:7084
3710:IUCN
3697:ITIS
3658:GBIF
3645:EPPO
3593:BOLD
664:PMID
597:Oryx
560:PMID
511:ISBN
460:2019
447:ISBN
426:2019
400:2021
383:2020
311:Diet
285:teak
206:The
3736:MSW
3723:MDD
3632:EoL
3619:CMS
3606:CoL
654:PMC
646:doi
634:144
605:doi
544:doi
387:doi
3786::
3764::
3751::
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3725::
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