721:
workmen's food converted into stone; which is not probable. For at home in our country (Amaseia), there is a long hill in a plain, which abounds with pebbles of a porous stone, resembling lentils. The pebbles of the sea-shore and of rivers suggest somewhat of the same difficulty ; some explanation may indeed be found in the motion in flowing waters, but the investigation of the above fact presents more difficulty. I have said elsewhere, that in sight of the pyramids, on the other side in Arabia, and near the stone quarries from which they are built, is a very rocky mountain, called the Trojan mountain; beneath it there are caves, and near the caves and the river a village called Troy, an ancient settlement of the captive
Trojans who had accompanied Menelaus and settled there.
679:
waters have risen, or subsided, or receded from some parts and inundated others. But the reason is, that the same land is sometimes raised up and sometimes depressed, and the sea also is simultaneously raised and depressed so that it either overflows or returns into its own place again. We must, therefore, ascribe the cause to the ground, either to that ground which is under the sea, or to that which becomes flooded by it, but rather to that which lies beneath the sea, for this is more moveable, and, on account of its humidity, can be altered with great celerity. It is proper,' he observes in continuation, '
470:, a philosopher who had spent his life since 44 BC in Rome forging relationships with the Roman elite. Athenodorus passed onto Strabo his philosophy, his knowledge and his contacts. Unlike the Aristotelian Xenarchus and Tyrannion who preceded him in teaching Strabo, Athenodorus was a Stoic and almost certainly the source of Strabo's diversion from the philosophy of his former mentors. Moreover, from his own first-hand experience, Athenodorus provided Strabo with information about regions of the empire which Strabo would not otherwise have known about.
487:
347:
660:, the natural philosopher, who had observed that the quantity of mud brought down by rivers into the Euxine was so great, that its bed must be gradually raised, while the rivers still continued to pour in an undiminished quantity of water. He therefore conceived that, originally, when the Euxine was an inland sea, its level had by this means become so much elevated that it burst its barrier near Byzantium, and formed a communication with the
762:…There are no trees here, but only the vineyards where they produce the Katakekaumene wines which are by no means inferior from any of the wines famous for their quality. The soil is covered with ashes, and black in colour as if the mountainous and rocky country was made up of fires. Some assume that these ashes were the result of thunderbolts and subterranean explosions, and do not doubt that the legendary story of
570:, which describes it as a thriving port city with a highly developed local economy. Strabo notes the city's many beautiful public parks, and its network of streets wide enough for chariots and horsemen. "Two of these are exceeding broad, over a plethron in breadth, and cut one another at right angles ... All the buildings are connected one with another, and these also with what are beyond it."
2276:
1661:
1673:
1649:
49:
699:, and others, were closed up, the imprisoned fire and wind might have produced far more vehement movements. The doctrine, therefore, that volcanoes are safety valves, and that the subterranean convulsions are probably most violent when first the volcanic energy shifts itself to a new quarter, is not modern.
655:
the Lydian, who said that the seas had once been more extensive, and that they had afterwards been partially dried up, as in his own time many lakes, rivers, and wells in Asia had failed during a season of drought. Treating this conjecture with merited disregard, Strabo passes on to the hypothesis of
502:
378:
for many years and revised it steadily, but not always consistently. It is an encyclopaedic chronicle and consists of political, economic, social, cultural, and geographic descriptions covering almost all of Europe and the
Mediterranean: Britain and Ireland, the Iberian Peninsula, Gaul, Germania, the
217:
766:
takes place in this region. Ksanthos adds that the king of this region was a man called Arimus. However, it is not reasonable to accept that the whole country was burned down at a time as a result of such an event rather than as a result of a fire bursting from underground whose source has now died
720:
One extraordinary thing which I saw at the pyramids must not be omitted. Heaps of stones from the quarries lie in front of the pyramids. Among these are found pieces which in shape and size resemble lentils. Some contain substances like grains half peeled. These, it is said, are the remnants of the
686:
In another place, this learned geographer , in alluding to the tradition that Sicily had been separated by a convulsion from Italy, remarks, that at present the land near the sea in those parts was rarely shaken by earthquakes, since there were now open orifices whereby fire and ignited matters and
683:
for the last raise up the sea also, and when the same lands subside again, they occasion the sea to be let down. And it is not merely the small, but the large islands also, and not merely the islands, but the continents, which can be lifted up together with the sea; and both large and small tracts
678:
But Strabo rejects this theory as insufficient to account for all the phenomena, and he proposes one of his own, the profoundness of which modern geologists are only beginning to appreciate. 'It is not,' he says, 'because the lands covered by seas were originally at different altitudes, that the
540:, acknowledging their astronomical and mathematical efforts covering geography, he claimed that a descriptive approach was more practical, such that his works were designed for statesmen who were more anthropologically than numerically concerned with the character of countries and regions.
413:), is nearly completely lost. Meant to cover the history of the known world from the conquest of Greece by the Romans, Strabo quotes it himself and other classical authors mention that it existed, although the only surviving document is a fragment of papyrus now in the possession of the
559:, but he spent much time in the famous library in Alexandria taking notes from "the works of his predecessors". A first edition was published in 7 BC and a final edition no later than 23 AD, in what may have been the last year of Strabo's life. It took some time for
547:
provides a valuable source of information on the ancient world of his day, especially when this information is corroborated by other sources. He travelled extensively, as he says: "Westward I have journeyed to the parts of
Etruria opposite Sardinia; towards the south from the
208:("Geography"), which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime. Additionally, Strabo authored historical works, but only fragments and quotations of these survive in the writings of other authors.
573:
Lawrence Kim observes that Strabo is "... pro-Roman throughout the
Geography. But while he acknowledges and even praises Roman ascendancy in the political and military sphere, he also makes a significant effort to establish Greek primacy over Rome in other contexts."
1219:
Strabo, Geography 17.1.6, 7, 8, 13; translated by Brent Shaw. Attained from: E.A. Pollard, C. Rosenberg, and R.L. Tignor, et al. Worlds
Together, Worlds Apart, Concise, Volume One: Beginnings through the Fifteenth Century (W.W. Norton, 2015) Pg.
767:
out. Three pits are called "Physas" and separated by forty stadia from each other. Above these pits, there are hills formed by the hot masses burst out from the ground as estimated by a logical reasoning. Such type of soil is very convenient for
664:, and this partial drainage had already, he supposed, converted the left side into marshy ground, and that, at last, the whole would be choked up with soil. So, it was argued, the Mediterranean had once opened a passage for itself by the
771:, just like the Katanasoil which is covered with ashes and where the best wines are still produced abundantly. Some writers concluded by looking at these places that there is a good reason for calling Dionysus by the name ("Phrygenes").
1725:
425:
Strabo studied under several prominent teachers of various specialities throughout his early life at different stops during his
Mediterranean travels. The first chapter of his education took place in
681:
to derive our explanations from things which are obvious, and in some measure of daily occurrences, such as deluges, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and sudden swellings of the land beneath the sea;
463:. Although Tyrannion was also a Peripatetic, he was more relevantly a respected authority on geography, a fact of some significance considering Strabo's future contributions to the field.
366:. Some place its first drafts around 7 BC, others around AD 17 or AD 18. The latest passage to which a date can be assigned is his reference to the death in AD 23 of
2960:
277:
were defeated, scholars have speculated about how the family's support for Rome might have affected their position in the local community, and whether they might have been granted
386:
On the presumption that "recently" means within a year, Strabo stopped writing that year or the next (AD 24), at which time he is thought to have died. He was influenced by
596:, a country he never visited, Strabo described small flying reptiles that were long with snake-like bodies and bat-like wings (this description matches the Indian flying lizard
926:
Thus completing his traditional Greek aristocratic education in rhetoric, grammar, and philosophy. Tyrannion was known to have befriended Cicero and taught his nephew, Quintus.
437:, who had formerly taught the sons of the Roman general who had taken over Pontus. Aristodemus was the head of two schools of rhetoric and grammar, one in Nysa and one in
1756:
441:. The school in Nysa possessed a distinct intellectual curiosity in Homeric literature and the interpretation of the ancient Greek epics. Strabo was an admirer of
1495:
1445:
327:(27 BC – AD 14). He moved to Rome in 44 BC, and stayed there, studying and writing, until at least 31 BC. In 29 BC, on his way to
1143:
Geographie, Band 1, Strabo, S.17, Strabo, Karl Kärcher, Gottlieb Lukas
Friedrich Tafel, Christian Nathanael Osiander, Gustav Schwab, Verlag Metzler, 1831.
1699:
2264:
285:
2027:
955:
2980:
2231:
1515:
Edited by Anna Maria
Biraschi and Giovanni Salmieri, 15–23. Studi di Storia e di Storiografia. Göttingen, Germany: Edizione Scientifiche Italiane.
552:
to the borders of
Ethiopia; and perhaps not one of those who have written geographies has visited more places than I have between those limits."
1473:
The
Beginnings of Western Science The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory A.D. 1450
319:. Travel throughout the Mediterranean and Near East, especially for scholarly purposes, was popular during this era and was facilitated by the
455:, a highly respected tutor in Augustus's court. Despite Xenarchus's Aristotelian leanings, Strabo later gives evidence to have formed his own
1749:
1261:
1162:
1043:
1016:
986:
1589:
2604:
498:("Geography"), which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known during his lifetime.
2990:
2221:
2017:
2622:
1543:
Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, 81–107. Kenneth Nebenzahl Jr. Lectures in the History of Cartography. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
2955:
2950:
2945:
972:
2242:
1773:
1288:
1103:
1391:
860:". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could see things at great distance as if they were nearby was also called "Strabo".
2985:
1742:
1387:
1383:
649:., by what causes marine shells came to be plentifully buried in the earth at such great elevations and distances from the sea.
2821:
434:
1413:
2965:
2831:
1328:
383:
is the only extant work providing information about both Greek and Roman peoples and countries during the reign of Augustus.
2672:
1716:
2257:
2154:
1379:
1371:
602:), winged scorpions, and other mythical creatures along with those that were actually factual. Other historians, such as
2857:
1395:
1367:
1063:
2970:
887:
This also highlights the international trend of the era that Greek intellectuals would often instruct the Roman elite.
2370:
1278:
2841:
2826:
1234:
269:
fortresses over to the Romans. Strabo wrote that "great promises were made in exchange for these services", and as
2785:
1951:
684:
may subside, for habitations and cities, like Bure, Bizona, and many others, have been engulfed by earthquakes.'
2475:
2415:
1681:
1518:
Braund, David. 2006. "Greek Geography and Roman Empire: The Transformation of Tradition in Strabo's Euxine." In
2250:
1347:
258:
250:
2752:
2528:
2420:
1375:
585:(which he called Danouios) and the Istros – with the change of names occurring at "the cataracts," the modern
2836:
2722:
2563:
2548:
2445:
2425:
1946:
1765:
31:
2642:
1178:
362:
was written, though comments within the work itself place the finished version within the reign of Emperor
2935:
2093:
1966:
1901:
1665:
1522:
Edited by Daniela Dueck, Hugh Lindsay, and Sarah Pothecary, 216–234. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
857:
379:
Alps, Italy, Greece, Northern Black Sea region, Anatolia, Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa. The
2780:
2697:
2682:
2657:
2617:
2576:
2410:
2360:
2345:
675:, might also be the deposit of some former inland sea, which had at length forced a passage and escaped.
2975:
2888:
2129:
2058:
1796:
1230:
627:
467:
2775:
2692:
2599:
2523:
2435:
2395:
2390:
2375:
713:
1686:
960:. Vol. VIII Book XVII. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. London: William Heinemann. p. 95.
501:
216:
2914:
2770:
2455:
2200:
1941:
1891:
1811:
1786:
1352:. Vol. VI Book XIII. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. London: William Heinemann. p. 183.
426:
391:
852:) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of
2717:
2687:
2677:
2553:
2538:
1971:
1876:
1826:
1801:
669:
665:
657:
652:
486:
460:
414:
289:
257:
on his mother's side. Several other family members, including his paternal grandfather, had served
1694:
1637:
1613:
2940:
2205:
2119:
1653:
1489:
1439:
1332:
869:
Accompanied by prefect of Egypt Aelius Gallus, who had been sent on a military mission to Arabia.
449:
274:
2849:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2742:
2702:
2662:
2647:
2632:
2612:
2581:
2533:
2488:
2365:
2355:
2335:
284:
1068:. Vol. I. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. London: William Heinemann. p. xxv–xxvi.
2816:
2757:
2707:
2637:
2594:
2589:
2513:
2508:
2493:
2465:
2330:
2114:
1961:
1866:
1821:
1708:
1627:
1603:
1284:
1257:
1158:
1099:
1039:
1012:
982:
976:
747:
735:
278:
266:
238:
70:
1539:
Irby, Georgia L. 2012. "Mapping the World: Greek Initiatives from Homer to Eratosthenes." In
1304:
1251:
878:
He mentions all or most of his teachers as prominent citizens of their own respective cities.
517:. It first appeared in Western Europe in Rome as a Latin translation issued around 1469. The
2712:
2667:
2558:
2518:
2503:
2498:
2470:
2440:
2405:
2350:
2340:
2325:
2315:
2226:
2179:
2149:
2139:
2088:
2063:
1729:
1033:
823:
in three volumes as translated by H.C. Hamilton and W. Falconer, ed. by H.G. Bohn, 1854–1857
782:
598:
529:, classical scholar and editor of Greek texts, provided the first critical edition in 1587.
514:
346:
262:
131:
1093:
2893:
2878:
2873:
2543:
2450:
2320:
2299:
2280:
2174:
2109:
2078:
1976:
1906:
1720:
1560:
Pfuntner, Laura. 2017. "Death and Birth in the Urban Landscape: Strabo on Troy and Rome."
518:
300:
2430:
2400:
668:
into the Atlantic, and perhaps the abundance of sea-shells in Africa, near the Temple of
1322:
1008:
Brill's Companion to Ancient Geography: The Inhabited World in Greek and Roman Tradition
2737:
2571:
2460:
2037:
1916:
1851:
1831:
1202:
751:
743:
692:
526:
513:
was rarely used by contemporary writers, a multitude of copies survived throughout the
270:
221:
195:
161:
2929:
2883:
2765:
2747:
2732:
2380:
2159:
2144:
2124:
1318:
739:
622:
1553:
Kuin, Inger N.I. 2017. "Rewriting Family History: Strabo and the Mithridatic Wars."
448:
At around the age of 21, Strabo moved to Rome, where he studied philosophy with the
2727:
2652:
2627:
2385:
2007:
1856:
1541:
Ancient Perspectives: Maps and their Place in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
642:
533:
199:
96:
795:
30:
This article is about the Greek geographer. For other people called "Strabo", see
1006:
1005:
Bianchetti, Serena; Cataudella, Michele; Gehrke, Hans-Joachim (4 December 2015).
459:
inclinations. In Rome, he also learned grammar under the rich and famous scholar
1846:
1791:
1713:
1704:
768:
637:
481:
445:'s poetry, perhaps as a consequence of his time spent in Nysa with Aristodemus.
430:
226:
204:
183:
1574:
Richards, G. C. 1941. "Strabo: The Anatolian who Failed of Roman Recognition."
2164:
1981:
1926:
1886:
1816:
1677:
1672:
1239:. Vol. I: Greece and the East. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. pp. 325–329.
1126:
897:
849:
688:
586:
537:
371:
320:
312:
242:
179:
1632:
1608:
2068:
1921:
1911:
1896:
1841:
1836:
1781:
1660:
1482:
The Geography of Strabo: An English Translation, with Introduction and Notes
731:
709:
661:
607:
603:
452:
395:
254:
187:
1567:
Pothecary, Sarah. 1999. "Strabo the Geographer: His Name and its Meaning."
1035:
The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy
1734:
1648:
1525:
Clarke, Katherine. 1997. "In Search of the Author of Strabo's Geography."
1280:
Ancient Geography: The Discovery of the World in Classical Greece and Rome
2169:
1997:
1861:
914:
611:
456:
363:
324:
308:
249:
BC. His family had been involved in politics since at least the reign of
191:
2073:
1936:
1931:
1881:
1871:
755:
374:), who is said to have died "just recently". He probably worked on the
367:
343:, after which point there is little record of his travels until AD 17.
328:
304:
17:
295:
Strabo's life was characterized by extensive travels. He journeyed to
265:. As the war drew to a close, Strabo's grandfather had turned several
2294:
2275:
2184:
2134:
2083:
1806:
853:
763:
696:
582:
578:
549:
522:
438:
351:
340:
332:
234:
75:
66:
1546:
Kim, Lawrence. 2007. "The Portrait of Homer in Strabo's Geography."
975:. In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.).
645:
and other Greeks on one of the most difficult problems in geology,
2483:
593:
500:
485:
442:
387:
345:
296:
283:
215:
48:
1179:"LacusCurtius • Strabo's Geography — Book II Chapter 5 (§§ 1‑17)"
1080:
672:
336:
316:
2246:
1738:
1253:
Homer between History and Fiction in Imperial Greek Literature
27:
Greek geographer, philosopher and historian (64/63 BC–c.24 AD)
1691:(Loeb Classical Library, H. L. Jones translation)
566:
Alexandria itself features extensively in the last book of
331:(where Augustus was at the time), he visited the island of
152:
146:
1520:
Strabo's Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia.
1000:
998:
1464:
Strabo's Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia
1305:"Chapter 1 – Account of India by the Greek Writer Strabo"
807:
Strabons Geographika : mit Übersetzung und Kommentar
913:
Largely due to his future teacher Athenodorus, tutor of
563:
to be recognized by scholars and to become a standard.
1455:
Strabo of Amasia: Greek Man of Letters in Augustan Rome
335:
in the Aegean Sea. Around 25 BC, he sailed up the
532:
Although Strabo cited the classical Greek astronomers
273:
culture endured in Amaseia even after Mithridates and
1511:
Bowersock, Glen W. 2005. "La patria di Strabone." In
1475:(2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
137:
687:
waters escaped; but formerly, when the volcanoes of
149:
143:
140:
2902:
2866:
2809:
2308:
2287:
2214:
2193:
2102:
2051:
1990:
1772:
797:
Strabonis Geographica. Recens. G. Kramer. Ed. minor
746:, Western Turkey). Strabo's observations predated
134:
103:
84:
58:
39:
1462:Dueck, D.; H. Lindsay; S. Pothecary, eds. (2005).
635:Strabo…enters largely, in the Second Book of his
949:
947:
945:
943:
896:Aristodemus was also the grandson of the famous
708:Strabo commented on fossil formation mentioning
2961:Greek-language historians from the Roman Empire
651:He notices, amongst others, the explanation of
633:
1714:Map of the Toponyms in the Geography of Strabo
1127:"Strabo | Greek geographer and historian"
978:The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization
2258:
1750:
1057:
1055:
350:Statue of Strabo in his hometown (modern-day
8:
1534:The Textual Tradition of Strabo's Geography.
1680:has original text related to this article:
1432:The Textual Tradition of Strabo's Geography
1038:. Princeton University Press. pp. 9–.
233:Strabo was born to an affluent family from
2265:
2251:
2243:
1757:
1743:
1735:
1695:Works by Strabo at Perseus Digital Library
1494:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1444:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1256:. Cambridge University Press. p. 83.
900:, whose influence is manifest in Strabo's
466:The final noteworthy mentor to Strabo was
36:
1466:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1425:(15th ed.). 1998. pp. 296–297.
981:. Oxford University Press. p. 757.
809:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
358:It is not known precisely when Strabo's
1366:. London: Heinemann. In eight volumes:
939:
838:
433:, Turkey) under the master of rhetoric
1487:
1437:
1095:Strabo, Geography, Volume I: Books 1–2
581:, Strabo was the first to connect the
194:during the transitional period of the
1203:"Strabo Critical Essays - eNotes.com"
794:Strabo (1852). Kramer, Gustav (ed.).
398:. The first of Strabo's major works,
7:
490:Map of the world according to Strabo
1277:Roller, Duane W. (27 August 2015).
1157:. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 2.
494:Strabo is best known for his work
25:
1155:The Routledge Companion to Strabo
505:Map of Europe according to Strabo
406:), written while he was in Rome (
2822:Archaeological Museum of Amasya
2274:
1671:
1659:
1647:
589:on the Romanian/Serbian border.
323:enjoyed throughout the reign of
202:. He is best known for his work
130:
53:16th-century engraving of Strabo
47:
1081:When was the Geography written?
805:Radt, Stefan, ed. (2002–2011).
614:, mentioned similar creatures.
171:; 64 or 63 BC –
2981:Historians from Roman Anatolia
1362:Jones, H. L., transl. (1917).
1032:Mayor, Adrienne (March 2011).
813:Jones, H. L., transl. (1917).
750:who witnessed the eruption of
555:It is not known when he wrote
311:in addition to his travels in
1:
2155:Inferior and superior planets
407:
172:
88:
2858:Tombs of the kings of Pontus
1638:Resources in other libraries
1614:Resources in other libraries
1153:Dueck, Daniela, ed. (2017).
1471:Lindberg, David C. (2008).
754:on 24 August AD 79 in
3007:
2991:1st-century BC geographers
2842:Farhad and Shirin Monument
2232:Medieval Islamic astronomy
2029:On the Sizes and Distances
1236:Reading in Ancient History
971:Purcell, Nicholas (2014).
848:(meaning "squinty", as in
479:
288:Strabo as depicted in the
29:
2956:Ancient Roman geographers
2951:Ancient Greek geographers
2946:1st-century BC historians
2222:Medieval European science
1952:Sosigenes the Peripatetic
1633:Resources in your library
1609:Resources in your library
1513:Strabone e l'Asia Minore.
789:. Lipsiae: B.G. Teubneri.
521:was published in 1516 in
315:and the time he spent in
303:, as far west as coastal
165:
46:
1726:Works by or about Strabo
1571:, 4th ser. 52.6: 691–704
1527:Journal of Roman Studies
253:. Strabo was related to
2986:1st-century geographers
1947:Sosigenes of Alexandria
1766:Ancient Greek astronomy
1453:Dueck, Daniela (2000).
1423:Encyclopædia Britannica
1364:The Geography of Strabo
1131:Encyclopedia Britannica
815:The Geography of Strabo
738:) which he observed at
641:, into the opinions of
417:(renumbered 46).
32:Strabo (disambiguation)
2019:On Sizes and Distances
1664:Quotations related to
1532:Diller, Aubrey. 1975.
1480:Roller, Duane (2014).
1457:. New York: Routledge.
1250:Kim, Lawrence (2010).
1231:Davis, William Stearns
773:
723:
701:
506:
491:
355:
292:
230:
2966:Ancient Pontic Greeks
2854:Seljuk Burmali Mosque
2832:Burmali Minare Mosque
2130:Deferent and epicycle
2059:Antikythera mechanism
1414:"Biography of Strabo"
1346:Strabo (1950). "11".
1324:Principles of Geology
1183:penelope.uchicago.edu
954:Strabo (1949). "34".
787:Strabonis Geographica
760:
718:
628:Principles of Geology
519:first printed edition
504:
489:
468:Athenodorus Cananites
404:Historica hypomnemata
370:, king of Maurousia (
349:
287:
219:
2915:Amirdovlat Amasiatsi
2201:Babylonian astronomy
1892:Hippocrates of Chios
1656:at Wikimedia Commons
817:. London: Heinemann.
730:Strabo commented on
307:and as far south as
1972:Theon of Alexandria
1700:Biography of Strabo
1562:Classical Antiquity
1548:Classical Philology
1536:Amsterdam: Hakkert.
1430:Diller, A. (1975).
666:Columns of Hercules
631:, wrote of Strabo:
461:Tyrannion of Amisus
415:University of Milan
400:Historical Sketches
290:Nuremberg Chronicle
259:Mithridates VI
224:'s 1620 edition of
2971:People from Amasya
2817:Amasya University
2206:Egyptian astronomy
2120:Circle of latitude
1719:2023-01-31 at the
821:Strabo's Geography
507:
492:
356:
293:
231:
2923:
2922:
2837:Büyük Aga Medrese
2827:Bayezid II Mosque
2240:
2239:
2115:Celestial spheres
1709:Project Gutenberg
1652:Media related to
1590:Library resources
1263:978-1-139-49024-5
1164:978-1-31744-586-9
1078:Sarah Pothecary,
1045:978-0-691-15026-0
1018:978-90-04-28471-5
1011:. Leiden: Brill.
988:978-0-19-870677-9
783:Meineke, Augustus
748:Pliny the Younger
736:effusive eruption
411: 20 BC
339:until he reached
279:Roman citizenship
176: 24 AD
123:
122:
16:(Redirected from
2998:
2279:
2278:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2244:
2227:Indian astronomy
2180:Sublunary sphere
2150:Hipparchic cycle
2089:Mural instrument
2064:Armillary sphere
2043:
2033:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1730:Internet Archive
1675:
1663:
1651:
1557:71.1-2: 102–118.
1499:
1493:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1443:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1399:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1090:
1084:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1002:
993:
992:
968:
962:
961:
951:
927:
924:
918:
911:
905:
894:
888:
885:
879:
876:
870:
867:
861:
843:
810:
801:
790:
704:Fossil formation
612:Flavius Josephus
599:Draco dussumieri
515:Byzantine Empire
412:
409:
263:Mithridatic Wars
248:
241:(in present-day
220:Title page from
177:
174:
167:
159:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
91: AD 24
90:
51:
37:
21:
3006:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2898:
2894:Peace of Amasya
2879:Amasya Protocol
2874:Amasya Circular
2862:
2850:İstasyon Bridge
2805:
2304:
2283:
2281:Amasya District
2273:
2271:
2241:
2236:
2210:
2189:
2175:Spherical Earth
2110:Callippic cycle
2098:
2079:Equatorial ring
2047:
2041:
2031:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1986:
1977:Theon of Smyrna
1768:
1763:
1721:Wayback Machine
1705:Works by Strabo
1644:
1643:
1642:
1619:
1618:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1576:Greece and Rome
1550:102.4: 363–388.
1507:
1505:Further reading
1502:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1361:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1073:
1062:Strabo (1917).
1061:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1004:
1003:
996:
989:
970:
969:
965:
953:
952:
941:
936:
931:
930:
925:
921:
912:
908:
895:
891:
886:
882:
877:
873:
868:
864:
858:Pompeius Strabo
844:
840:
835:
830:
804:
793:
781:
778:
728:
706:
700:
620:
484:
478:
423:
410:
246:
214:
175:
133:
129:
119:
99:
94:
92:
80:
79:
73:
63:
54:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3004:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2903:Notable people
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2846:Harsene Kalesi
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Meşeliçiftliği
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2288:Municipalities
2285:
2284:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2039:On the Heavens
2035:
2025:
2015:
2012:(Eratosthenes)
2005:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1917:Philip of Opus
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1711:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1669:
1657:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:External links
1582:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1355:
1338:
1319:Lyell, Charles
1310:
1296:
1289:
1283:. Bloomsbury.
1269:
1262:
1242:
1222:
1212:
1194:
1170:
1163:
1145:
1136:
1118:
1104:
1085:
1071:
1051:
1044:
1024:
1017:
994:
987:
963:
938:
937:
935:
932:
929:
928:
919:
906:
889:
880:
871:
862:
837:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
818:
811:
802:
791:
785:, ed. (1877).
777:
774:
752:Mount Vesuvius
727:
724:
705:
702:
693:Lipari Islands
634:
619:
616:
527:Isaac Casaubon
480:Main article:
477:
472:
422:
419:
321:relative peace
245:) in around 64
222:Isaac Casaubon
213:
210:
196:Roman Republic
178:) was a Greek
121:
120:
118:
117:
114:
111:
107:
105:
101:
100:
95:
86:
82:
81:
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3003:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2936:60s BC births
2934:
2933:
2931:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Amasya trials
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Kızılkışlacık
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:Metonic cycle
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Heliocentrism
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Counter-Earth
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2032:(Aristarchus)
2030:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1578:10.29: 79–90.
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1290:9780857725660
1286:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1105:9780674990555
1101:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1001:
999:
995:
990:
984:
980:
979:
974:
967:
964:
959:
958:
950:
948:
946:
944:
940:
933:
923:
920:
916:
910:
907:
903:
899:
893:
890:
884:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
839:
832:
827:
822:
819:
816:
812:
808:
803:
799:
798:
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:
775:
772:
770:
765:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:Katakekaumene
737:
733:
725:
722:
717:
715:
712:(quoted from
711:
703:
698:
694:
690:
685:
682:
676:
674:
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
648:
644:
640:
639:
632:
630:
629:
624:
623:Charles Lyell
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
575:
571:
569:
564:
562:
558:
553:
551:
546:
541:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
509:Although the
503:
499:
497:
488:
483:
476:
473:
471:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
418:
416:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
353:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
291:
286:
282:
281:as a reward.
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:Mithridates V
244:
240:
236:
229:
228:
223:
218:
211:
209:
207:
206:
201:
197:
193:
190:who lived in
189:
185:
181:
170:
163:
157:
127:
115:
112:
109:
108:
106:
102:
98:
87:
83:
77:
72:
68:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
2976:Roman Pontus
2909:
2889:Central Army
2723:Sıracevizler
2623:Küçükkızılca
2446:Değirmendere
2038:
2028:
2022:(Hipparchus)
2018:
2009:Catasterismi
2008:
1998:
1956:
1857:Eratosthenes
1687:
1676: Greek
1668:at Wikiquote
1628:Online books
1621:
1604:Online books
1594:
1575:
1568:
1564:36.1: 33–51.
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1484:. Cambridge.
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1434:. Amsterdam.
1431:
1422:
1406:Bibliography
1363:
1358:
1348:
1341:
1323:
1313:
1299:
1279:
1272:
1252:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:
1173:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1094:
1088:
1079:
1074:
1064:
1034:
1027:
1007:
977:
966:
956:
922:
909:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:was called "
845:
841:
820:
814:
806:
796:
786:
761:
729:
719:
714:Celâl Şengör
707:
680:
677:
650:
646:
643:Eratosthenes
636:
626:
621:
597:
591:
576:
572:
567:
565:
560:
556:
554:
544:
542:
534:Eratosthenes
531:
510:
508:
495:
493:
474:
465:
447:
424:
403:
399:
385:
380:
375:
368:Juba II
359:
357:
294:
232:
225:
203:
200:Roman Empire
168:
125:
124:
97:Roman Empire
93:(aged c. 87)
74:(modern-day
2554:Karaibrahim
2476:Eskikızılca
2140:Geocentrism
2052:Instruments
2042:(Aristotle)
1847:Cleostratus
1812:Aristarchus
1792:Anaximander
1774:Astronomers
1331:. pp.
1329:John Murray
1111:8 September
769:viniculture
568:Geographica
561:Geographica
557:Geographica
545:Geographica
511:Geographica
496:Geographica
482:Geographica
475:Geographica
450:Peripatetic
435:Aristodemus
431:Sultanhisar
261:during the
227:Geographica
205:Geographica
184:philosopher
113:Philosopher
104:Occupations
62:64 or 63 BC
2930:Categories
2753:Yağcıabdal
2673:Özfındıklı
2529:Kaleboğazı
2480:Ezinepazar
2421:Çengelkayı
2371:Bağlarüstü
2215:Influenced
2194:Influences
2165:Octaeteris
2094:Triquetrum
1982:Timocharis
1967:Theodosius
1927:Posidonius
1887:Hipparchus
1877:Heraclides
1817:Aristyllus
1802:Apollonius
1797:Andronicus
1678:Wikisource
1529:87:92–110.
1421:"Strabo".
1188:2022-03-28
898:Posidonius
850:strabismus
828:References
587:Iron Gates
538:Hipparchus
372:Mauretania
313:Asia Minor
243:Cappadocia
192:Asia Minor
180:geographer
110:Geographer
2941:24 deaths
2810:Landmarks
2786:Yıldızköy
2771:Yeşildere
2638:Mahmatlar
2564:Karaköprü
2549:Karaçavuş
2466:Eliktekke
2456:Doğantepe
2426:Çiğdemlik
2069:Astrolabe
2002:(Ptolemy)
1922:Philolaus
1912:Oenopides
1897:Hypsicles
1842:Cleomedes
1837:Callippus
1827:Autolycus
1782:Aglaonice
1688:Geography
1622:By Strabo
1569:Mnemosyne
1490:cite book
1440:cite book
1349:Geography
1065:Geography
957:Geography
934:Citations
902:Geography
732:volcanism
726:Volcanism
710:Nummulite
662:Propontis
638:Geography
625:, in his
608:Aristotle
604:Herodotus
543:As such,
453:Xenarchus
421:Education
396:Aristotle
392:Hecataeus
381:Geography
376:Geography
360:Geography
354:, Turkey)
255:Dorylaeus
198:into the
188:historian
116:Historian
78:, Turkey)
2781:Yıkılgan
2762:Yassıçal
2718:Şeyhsadi
2713:Sevincer
2698:Sarımeşe
2688:Sarıalan
2683:Sarayözü
2678:Saraycık
2668:Ovasaray
2658:Ormanözü
2618:Köyceğiz
2577:Kayabaşı
2559:Karakese
2539:Kapıkaya
2504:Hasabdal
2499:Halifeli
2441:Damudere
2416:Çavuşköy
2411:Çatalçam
2406:Bulduklu
2361:Aydınlık
2346:Ardıçlar
2341:Albayrak
2309:Villages
2170:Solstice
2103:Concepts
1999:Almagest
1942:Seleucus
1902:Menelaus
1862:Euctemon
1717:Archived
1416:. Tufts.
1321:(1832).
1233:(1912).
973:"Strabo"
915:Augustus
776:Editions
742:(modern
429:(modern
364:Tiberius
325:Augustus
309:Ethiopia
275:Tigranes
2867:History
2801:Yuvaköy
2796:Yuvacık
2791:Yolyanı
2776:Yeşilöz
2703:Sarıyar
2693:Sarıkız
2663:Ortaköy
2648:Musaköy
2633:Kuzgeçe
2613:Kızseki
2609:Kızoğlu
2600:Kızılca
2582:Kayacık
2568:Karataş
2544:Karaali
2534:Kaleköy
2524:İpekköy
2489:Gökdere
2451:Direkli
2436:Dadıköy
2396:Boğaköy
2391:Beldağı
2376:Bağlıca
2366:Aydoğdu
2356:Aydınca
2336:Alakadı
2321:Aksalur
2300:Ziyaret
2074:Dioptra
1937:Pytheas
1932:Ptolemy
1882:Hicetas
1872:Geminus
1867:Eudoxus
1822:Attalus
1787:Agrippa
1728:at the
1682:Στράβων
1555:Phoenix
1098:. n.d.
756:Pompeii
670:Jupiter
653:Xanthus
618:Geology
329:Corinth
305:Tuscany
271:Persian
235:Amaseia
169:Strábōn
166:Στράβων
67:Amaseia
18:Strabon
2910:Strabo
2758:Yağmur
2738:Tuzsuz
2708:Sazköy
2595:Keşlik
2590:Keçili
2586:Kayrak
2572:Karsan
2514:İlgazi
2509:İbecik
2494:Gözlek
2461:Duruca
2331:Akyazı
2295:Amasya
2185:Zodiac
2135:Equant
2084:Gnomon
1962:Thales
1957:Strabo
1807:Aratus
1666:Strabo
1654:Strabo
1595:Strabo
1592:about
1287:
1260:
1207:eNotes
1161:
1102:
1042:
1015:
985:
854:Pompey
846:Strabo
764:Typhon
697:Ischia
691:, the
658:Strato
610:, and
583:Danube
579:Europe
550:Euxine
523:Venice
439:Rhodes
352:Amasya
341:Philae
333:Gyaros
267:Pontic
247:
239:Pontus
186:, and
126:Strabo
76:Amasya
71:Pontus
41:Strabo
2766:Yavru
2748:Uygur
2733:Tatar
2519:İlyas
2484:Gerne
2471:Ermiş
2381:Bayat
2351:Avşar
2326:Aktaş
2316:Abacı
1991:Works
1907:Meton
1852:Conon
1396:Vol 8
1392:Vol 7
1388:Vol 6
1384:Vol 5
1380:Vol 4
1376:Vol 3
1372:Vol 2
1368:Vol 1
833:Notes
673:Ammon
594:India
457:Stoic
443:Homer
388:Homer
297:Egypt
162:Greek
2743:Ümük
2728:Soma
2653:Oluz
2628:Kutu
2431:Çivi
2401:Böke
2386:Beke
1832:Bion
1496:link
1446:link
1335:–21.
1285:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1113:2018
1100:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1013:ISBN
983:ISBN
744:Kula
689:Etna
536:and
427:Nysa
394:and
337:Nile
317:Rome
301:Kush
299:and
212:Life
85:Died
59:Born
1707:at
1220:228
647:viz
592:In
577:In
237:in
2932::
1492:}}
1488:{{
1442:}}
1438:{{
1394:;
1390:;
1386:;
1382:;
1378:;
1374:;
1370:;
1333:20
1327:.
1205:.
1181:.
1129:.
1054:^
997:^
942:^
716:):
695:,
606:,
525:.
408:c.
390:,
182:,
173:c.
164::
160:;
153:oʊ
147:eɪ
89:c.
69:,
2266:e
2259:t
2252:v
1758:e
1751:t
1744:v
1498:)
1448:)
1398:.
1307:.
1293:.
1266:.
1209:.
1191:.
1167:.
1133:.
1115:.
1048:.
1021:.
991:.
917:.
904:.
800:.
758::
734:(
402:(
156:/
150:b
144:r
141:t
138:s
135:ˈ
132:/
128:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
