792:, differs significantly from the Mauser and Lee–Enfield bolt-action designs. The Mosin–Nagant design has a separate bolthead that rotates with the bolt and the bearing lugs, in contrast to the Mauser system where the bolthead is a non-removable part of the bolt. The Mosin–Nagant is also unlike the Lee–Enfield system where the bolthead remains stationary and the bolt body itself rotates. The Mosin–Nagant bolt is a somewhat complicated affair, but is extremely rugged and durable; like the Mauser, it uses a "cock on open" system. Although this bolt system has been rarely used in commercial sporting rifles (the Vostok brand target rifles being the most recognized) and has never been exported outside of Russia, although large numbers of military surplus Mosin–Nagant rifles have been
38:
927:
363:. The first bolt-action repeating rifle was patented in Britain in 1855 by an unidentified inventor through the patent agent Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford using a gravity-operated tubular magazine in the stock. Another more well-known bolt-action repeating rifle was the Vetterli rifle of 1867 and the first bolt-action repeating rifle to use centerfire cartridges was the weapon designed by the Viennese gunsmith Ferdinand Fruwirth in 1871. Ultimately, the military turned to bolt-action rifles using a
1115:. On many older firearms, the bolt knob is welded to the bolt handle, and as such becoming an integral part of the bolt handle itself. On many newer firearms, the bolt knob is instead threaded onto the handle, allowing the user to change the original bolt knob for an aftermarket one, either for aesthetical reasons, achieving better grip or similar. The type of threads used vary between firearms. European firearms often use either M6 1 or M8 1.25 threads, for example M6 is used on the
515:
805:
110:
1135:. Many American firearms instead use 1/4" 28 TPI (6.35 0.907 mm) or 5/16" 24 TPI (7.9375 1.058 mm) threads. Some other thread types are also used, for example, No. 10 32 TPI (4.826 0.794 mm) as used by Mausingfield. There also exists aftermarket slip-on bolt handle covers which are mounted without having to remove the existing bolt handle. These are often made of either rubber or plastic.
843:
102:
1155:, though a number of designs have had a detachable magazine or independent magazine, or even no magazine at all, thus requiring that each round be independently loaded. Generally, the magazine capacity is limited to between two and ten rounds, as it can permit the magazine to be flush with the bottom of the rifle, reduce the weight, or prevent mud and dirt from entering. A number of bolt-actions have a
468:
1055:, a lever, cam action, a locking piece, or a number of systems. Straight pull designs have seen a great deal of use, though manual turn bolt designs are what is most commonly thought of in reference to a bolt-action design due to the type ubiquity. As a result, the bolt-action term is often reserved for more modern types of rotating bolt designs when talking about a specific weapon's type of action.
919:
1038:. The Fortner action is specifically the straight-pull ball bearing lock action, which features spring-loaded ball bearings on the side of the bolt which lock into a groove inside the bolt's housing. With the new design came a new dry fire method; instead of the bolt being turned up slightly, the action is locked back to catch the firing pin. The action was later used in the centre-fire
901:
500:
the closing of the bolt (as in the Lee–Enfield system). The vast majority of modern bolt-action rifles were made for the commercial market post-war, numbering in the tens of millions by
Remington in the unique, and most accurate Model 700, two of the others use the Mauser system, with other designs such as the Lee–Enfield system and the Mosin Nagant system, of only limited usage.
534:. It is the most common bolt-action system in the world, being in use in nearly all modern hunting rifles and the majority of military bolt-action rifles until the middle of the 20th century. The Mauser system is stronger than that of the Lee–Enfield system, due to two locking lugs just behind the bolt head, which make it better able to handle higher-pressure cartridges (i.e.
118:
1997:
909:
692:
727:), and is a "cock on closing" action in which the forward thrust of the bolt cocks the action. This enables a shooter to keep eyes on sights and targets uninterrupted when cycling the bolt. The ability of the bolt to flex between the lugs and chamber, which also keeps the shooter safer in case of a catastrophic chamber overpressure failure.
731:
this may lead to a stretched receiver and excessive headspacing, which if perceived as a problem can be remedied by changing the removable bolt head to a larger sized one (the Lee–Enfield bolt manufacture involved a mass production method where at final assembly the bolt body was fitted with one of three standard size bolt heads for correct
447:(MASS) is the most recent and advanced example of a bolt-action shotgun, albeit one designed to be attached to an M16 rifle or M4 carbine using an underbarrel mount (although with the standalone kit, the MASS can become a standalone weapon). Mossberg 12-gauge bolt-action shotguns were briefly popular in Australia after the
870:
at a time, although a box-like device was made that could drop five rounds into the magazine, all at once via a stripper or en bloc clip. This made it slower to reload than other designs which used stripper or en bloc clips. Another historically important bolt-action system was the Gras system, used on the French Mle 1874
945:. The bolt locking of a straight pull action is achieved differently without needing manual inputs, therefore the entire operating cycle needs the shooter to perform only two movements (pull back and push forward), instead of four movements (rotate up, pull back, push forward, and rotate down), this greatly increases the
735:). In the years leading up to World War II, the Lee–Enfield bolt system was used in numerous commercial sporting and hunting rifles manufactured by such firms in the United Kingdom as BSA, LSA, and Parker–Hale, as well as by SAF Lithgow in Australia. Vast numbers of ex-military SMLE Mk III rifles were
869:
The
Norwegian and Danish versions of the Krag have two locking lugs, while the American version has only one. In all versions, the bolt handle itself serves as an emergency locking lug. The Krag's major disadvantage compared to other bolt-action designs is that it is usually loaded by hand, one round
499:
All four differ in the way the bolt fits into the receiver, how the bolt rotates as it is being operated, the number of locking lugs holding the bolt in place as the gun is fired, and whether the action is cocked on the opening of the bolt (as in both the Mauser system and the Mosin Nagant system) or
549:
A novel safety feature was the introduction of a third locking lug present at the rear of the bolt that normally did not lock the bolt, since it would introduce asymmetrical locking forces. The Mauser system features "cock on opening", meaning the upward rotation of the bolt when the rifle is opened
739:
post WWII to create cheap, effective hunting rifles, and the Lee–Enfield bolt system is used in the M10 and No 4 Mk IV rifles manufactured by
Australian International Arms. Rifle Factory Ishapore of India manufactures a hunting and sporting rifle chambered in .315 which also employs the Lee Enfield
730:
The disadvantage of the rearward-located bolt lugs is that a larger part of the receiver, between chamber and lugs, must be made stronger and heavier to resist stretching forces. Also, the bolt ahead of the lugs may flex on firing which, although a safety advantage with repeated firing over time,
940:
Straight-pull bolt-actions differ from conventional turn-pull bolt-action mechanisms in that the bolt can be cycled back and forward without rotating the handle and thus only a linear motion is required, as opposed to a traditional bolt-action, where the user has to axially rotate the bolt in
410:, as the design has the potential for superior accuracy, reliability, reduced weight, and the ability to control loading over the faster rate of fire that all semi-automatic rifle alternatives allow. There are, however, many semi-automatic rifle designs used especially in the
550:
cocks the action. A drawback of the Mauser M 98 system is that it cannot be cheaply mass-produced very easily. Many Mauser M 98-inspired derivatives feature technical alterations, such as omitting the third safety locking lug, to simplify production.
1050:
Typically, the bolt consists of a tube of metal inside of which the firing mechanism is housed, and which has at the front or rear of the tube several metal knobs, or "lugs", which serve to lock the bolt in place. The operation can be done via a
866:, which was used by Norway, Denmark, and briefly the United States. It is unusual among bolt-action rifles in that is loaded through a gate on the right side of the receiver, and thus can be reloaded without opening the bolt.
308:
bolt-action breechloader was patented by BĂ©atus
Beringer. In 1852 another metallic centerfire bolt-action breechloader was patented by Joseph Needham and improved upon in 1862 with another patent. Two different systems for
480:, followed by a rearward "pull" to open the breech, extract the spent cartridge case, then reverse the whole process to chamber the next cartridge and relock the breech. There are four major turn bolt-action designs: the
557:
on the Mauser M 98 bolt-action system is simple, strong, safe, and well-thought-out design that has inspired other military and sporting rifle designs that became available during the 20th century, including the:
829:
The Swing bolt featured four lugs on the bolt head, at 45 degrees when closed - splitting the difference between the vertically locking Mauser and horizontally locking
Enfield bolt designs. Supplied with
1066:
weapons must still operate the bolt, but they are usually grouped separately from bolt-actions that are operated by a handle directly attached to a rotating bolt. Early bolt-action designs, such as the
475:
Most of the bolt-action designs use a rotating bolt (or "turn pull") design, which involves the shooter doing an upward "rotating" movement of the handle to unlock the bolt from the breech and cock the
1461:
1022:, because shooting speed is an important performance factor and semi-automatic guns are illegal for race use, straight pull actions are quite common and are used almost exclusively in the
433:, as they are adequate to deliver a single lethal shot from a safe distance. Target shooters favour single-shot bolt actions for their simplicity of design, reliability, and accuracy.
451:, but the shotguns themselves were awkward to operate and had only a three-round magazine, thus offering no practical or real advantages over a conventional double-barreled shotgun.
834:
barrels and a trigger derived from the
Finnish Mantari, the Swing was commercially successful, with the basic design reused in the Paramount, RPA Quadlock and Millenium rifles.
3835:
4358:
936:, straight pull action. Lock up is achieved by 6 ball bearings around the circumference of the bolt head. This mechanism was originally developed for biathlon rifles.
4147:
3905:
960:, a new straight pull action where locking is achieved by a series of concentric "claws" that protrude/retract from the bolthead, a design that is referred to as
1862:
826:
competitions historically used accurised examples of the prevailing service rifle, but it was felt these had reached the end of their development potential.
320:(an under hammer, percussion capped, single-shot bolt-action that used paper cartridges and an ogival bore rifling system) in 1857, which saw service at the
1569:
819:
4051:
484:, possibly the single most numerous produced rifle in history which is now also used as basis for most custom competition rifle actions, along with the
394:, though bolt-action rifles remained the primary weapon of most of the combatants for the duration of the war; and many American units, especially the
263:, and finally the breech is closed tight by rotating the handle down so the bolt head relocks on the receiver. A less common bolt-action type is the
1340:
Abridgments of the
Specifications Relating to Fire-arms and Other Weapons, Ammunition, and Accoutrements: A.D. 1588–1858]-Pt. II. A.D. 1858–1866
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184:
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are considered a rarity among modern firearms but were formerly a commonly used action for .410 entry-level shotguns, as well as for low-cost 12-
1323:
Description des machines et procedes specifies dans les brevets d'invention, de perfectionnement et d'importation, dont la duree est expirée ...
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267:
mechanism, where no upward handle-turning is needed and the bolt unlocks automatically when the handle is pulled rearwards by the user's hand.
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marked the height of the bolt-action rifle's use, with all of the nations in that war fielding troops armed with various bolt-action designs.
1980:
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Some pistols use a bolt-action system, although this is uncommon, and such examples are typically specialized hunting and target handguns.
444:
1942:
997:
59:
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1841:
1806:
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313:–the mechanism to ignite a metallic cartridge's powder charge – were invented in the 1860s as well, the Berdan and the Boxer systems.
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81:
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The bolt knob is the part of the bolt handle that the user grips when loading and reloading the firearm and thereby acts as a
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4102:
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3855:
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2310:
1011:, but there are some hammer-fired models, such as the Merkel Helix. Firearms using a hammer usually have a comparably longer
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Today, bolt-action rifles are chiefly used as hunting and target rifles. These rifles can be used to hunt anything from
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European armies continued to develop bolt-action rifles through the latter half of the 19th century, first adopting
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within the bolt (either on opening or closing of the bolt depending on the gun design) and engages it against the
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The Mauser bolt-action system is based on 19th-century Mauser bolt-action rifle designs and was finalized in the
328:; however, this weapon was ultimately considered too complicated for issue to soldiers and was supplanted by the
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rifles. The most common locking method is a rotating bolt with two lugs on the bolt head, which was used by the
63:
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breech-loader and had the now familiar arm sticking out from the side of the bolt, to turn and open the
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Versions of the Mauser action designed prior to the Gewehr 98's introduction, such as that of the
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4180:
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1191:. The entire reloading sequence was a more complex procedure than later designs, however, as the
1188:
1156:
1144:
1023:
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The Swing was developed in 1970 in the United
Kingdom as a purpose-built target rifle for use in
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Close-up of the action on an SMLE Mk III rifle, showing the bolt head, magazine cut off, and
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had to be independently primed and activated, and the lever was used only to move the bolt.
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430:
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686:
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rifles and carbines, lack the third locking lug and feature a "cock on closing" operation.
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in 1841, which was in turn developed into the
Prussian Model in 1849. The design was a
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883:
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was patented in 1863, and by 1865, 1000 were purchased for use as cavalry weapons. The
333:
245:
237:
210:
180:
149:
137:
1159:, such as along the length of the barrel. In weapons other than large rifles, such as
1058:
However, both straight pull and rotating bolt rifles are types of bolt-action rifles.
1034:; Peter Fortner junior designed the "Fortner Action", which was incorporated into the
842:
332:, a conventional muzzle loading rifle. During the American Civil War, the bolt-action
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operation, where the handle must first be rotated upward to unlock the bolt from the
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was the first bolt-action repeating rifle introduced by an army. It was used by the
101:
17:
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has a lug and guide rib, which lock on the rear end of the bolt into the receiver.
1059:
946:
793:
785:
467:
407:
383:
364:
214:
153:
1528:
1431:
964:("radial connection"). As of 2017 the Rifle Shooter magazine listed its successor
1915:
546:
magnum rifle cartridge "families" were designed for the Mauser M 98 bolt-action.
4261:
4256:
3953:
3800:
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3612:
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2800:
2768:
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2213:
1842:
DE3432537A1 Repeater rifle, especially as a sporting rifle, such as for biathlon
1343:. George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, pub. at the Great seal patent office.
1273:
1184:
1167:, there were some manually operated breech-loading weapons. However, the Dreyse
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1080:
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1027:
1001:
993:
981:
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for use as hunting rifles in the following years since the end of World War II.
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376:
360:
356:
337:
176:
152:, most commonly placed on the right-hand side of the firearm (as most users are
126:
900:
205:
after the Second World War, bolt-action firearms have been largely replaced by
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4017:
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1120:
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957:
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878:(which was the first to introduce ammunition loaded with nitrocellulose-based
871:
855:
626:
621:
575:
477:
426:
345:
257:
241:
191:
1404:
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rifles were made available. The bolt-action is still common today among many
3757:
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403:
117:
1075:, locked by dropping the bolt handle or bolt guide rib into a notch in the
1996:
221:, as well as ruggedness and reliability compared to self-loading designs.
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195:
1768:
Brand new 2021: Savage
Impulse, the new straight-pull rifle from the USA
908:
766:
Australian International Arms M10 and No 4 Mk IV hunting/sporting rifles
4085:
3777:
3692:
3600:
3580:
3558:
3527:
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The Mosin–Nagant action, created in 1891 and named after the designers
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as one of the three most popular straight pull rifles together with
286:
rifles that dated to the 18th century. Von Dreyse would perfect his
1943:"Review: KRG Remington Action Bolt Lift Oversized Bolt Handle Knob"
703:
The Lee–Enfield bolt-action system was introduced in 1889 with the
2718:
2713:
2698:
2653:
2349:
1476:"English Patents of Inventions, Specifications: 1855, 1419 – 1481"
976:
Maral. Some other notable modern straight pull rifles are made by
925:
917:
907:
899:
858:
from 1869 to circa 1890. Modified Vetterlis were also used by the
841:
803:
690:
513:
466:
183:
where single-shot firearms are mandated, such as most Olympic and
157:
116:
108:
100:
94:
This article is about the firearm mechanism. For the wargame, see
1356:
English Patents of Inventions, Specifications: 1862, 1522 – 1600
422:
201:
for most of the world's military forces. In modern military and
4011:
3544:
2735:
2114:
2010:
344:, in 1866 and followed with the metallic cartridge bolt-action
2703:
2663:
2092:
2077:
635:
113:
A Kelbly rifle action bolt that has been oiled to run smoothly
31:
1665:"Chapuis Armes "ROLS": New Straight Pull Bolt Action Rifle –"
1653:
Premiere at Haenel: the new Jaeger NXT straight-pull repeater
371:, but the first to be generally adopted was the British 1888
1855:"This German invention is used in 95% of rifles in biathlon"
1007:
Most straight bolt rifles have a firing mechanism without a
1807:"German Straight Pull Bolt Action Rifles by Steel Action –"
386:, the military bolt-action rifle began to be superseded by
248:. When the bolt is returned to the forward position, a new
1642:
Beretta introduces the BRX1 hunting straight-pull repeater
1127:, CZ 457 and Bergara rifles, while M8 is used on the
769:
Rifle Factory Ishapore's hunting Lee Enfield rifle in .315
1026:. The first company to make the straight pull action for
941:
addition to the linear motions to perform chambering and
278:
The first bolt-action rifle was produced in 1824 by
217:
due to the design's inherent potential for superior
190:
From the late 19th century all the way through both
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4282:
4243:
4171:
4123:
4032:
3929:
3786:
3722:
3638:
3557:
3381:
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3185:
3086:
2745:
2643:
2591:
2534:
2492:
2348:
2242:
292:(Needle Rifle) by 1836, and it was adopted by the
1143:Most bolt-action firearms are fed by an internal
240:to be extracted and ejected. This also cocks the
752:Various hunting/sporting rifles manufactured by
4333:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)
1618:"Browning Maral / Straight-Pull Rifles Reviews"
1426:, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,
1179:'s rifle of 1838 was accepted into service by
846:Cutaway diagram of the Vetterli rifle's action
2022:
1692:"Heym SR30 straight-pull rifle review review"
711:(the bolt system is named after the designer
296:in 1841. While it saw limited service in the
8:
156:). The majority of bolt-action firearms are
4288:
4008:
3728:
3563:
3541:
3317:
3191:
2751:
2732:
2545:
2359:
2111:
2058:
2029:
2015:
2007:
1910:
1908:
1906:
862:. Another notable design is the Norwegian
340:adopted its first bolt-action rifle, the
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
640:modern hunting/sporting rifles like the
45:This article includes a list of general
1853:Bracholdt, Claudia (16 February 2013).
1300:
194:, bolt-action rifles were the standard
1424:Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science
1311:. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, p. 293.
300:, it was not fielded widely until the
179:designs are available particularly in
160:, but there are also some variants of
1865:from the original on 18 February 2013
1744:"Titan 16 straight-pull rifle review"
1418:Heard, Brian J. (15 September 2011),
1337:Office, Great Britain Patent (1859).
664:Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
7:
445:M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System
252:(if available) is pushed out of the
213:firearms, and have remained only as
1941:Pandemic, Major (18 October 2016).
1920:Area 419 – Precision Comes Standard
1373:, p. 69. London: Chancellor Press.
1326:(in French). Bouchard-Huzard. 1855.
402:rifles until sufficient numbers of
171:Bolt-action firearms are generally
125:extracts a fired cartridge from an
744:Lee–Enfield (all marks and models)
429:, especially big game caught on a
105:Swing Mk4 bolt action target rifle
51:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1742:Potts, Bruce (16 December 2015).
1690:UK, Shooting (13 December 2010).
1591:Holtam, Dominic (10 March 2017).
1555:"The SWING SIN71 Rifle Prototype"
1099:and most bolt-action rifles. The
1995:
1779:Potts, Bruce (2 November 2016).
1309:Evolution of Weapons and Warfare
367:; the first of its kind was the
316:The United States purchased 900
224:Most bolt-action firearms use a
36:
1503:"Make Bolt Action Run Smoothly"
1359:. H.M. Stationery Office. 1862.
1175:to use a rotating bolt design.
1079:, this method is still used in
232:, then pulled back to open the
1004:, Strasser, and Steel Action.
658:modern sniper rifles like the
1:
4198:Firearms by country
4113:Civilian Marksmanship Program
1432:10.1002/9780470061589.fsa1022
1369:Blackmore, Howard L. (1965).
449:1997 changes to firearms laws
129:using a bolt-action mechanism
1831:Patent DE3432537A1 (expired)
1389:. Zenith Press. p. 48.
1371:Guns and Rifles of the World
1015:than hammerless mechanisms.
896:List of straight pull rifles
808:Swing Mk4 Bolt Disassembled.
382:During the buildup prior to
4369:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
4267:Campaign Against Arms Trade
1916:"419 Bolt Knobs – Area 419"
1805:Hrachya, H. (7 June 2017).
1089:Model 1888 Commission Rifle
4419:
4323:High-capacity magazine ban
3449:Mean time between failures
1570:National Rifle Association
1220:List of bolt action rifles
1177:Johann Nicholas von Dreyse
893:
811:
777:
684:
507:
298:German Revolutions of 1848
280:Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse
93:
4291:
4052:Household ownership rates
4007:
3731:
3566:
3540:
3320:
3194:
2754:
2731:
2548:
2362:
2123:
2110:
2061:
2057:
1781:"Strasser RS Solo review"
1490:Firearms Past and Present
1307:Dupuy, Trevor N. (1980).
904:Straight pull bolt scheme
725:London Borough of Enfield
458:Major bolt-action systems
302:1864 victory over Denmark
27:Type of firearm mechanism
721:Royal Small Arms Factory
4353:by U.S. state
3763:Overpressure ammunition
3698:Improved Military Rifle
3404:Circular error probable
2323:Personal defence weapon
1975:. Krause Publications.
1721:Sporting Rifle magazine
1386:To be a military sniper
1210:British military rifles
956:company introduced the
236:and allowing any spent
66:more precise citations.
4047:Civilian gun ownership
3576:Firing (Shooting)
2002:Bolt action (firearms)
1593:"Straight pull rifles"
1553:Laurie Ingram (2002).
1529:".315" Sporting Rifle"
1383:Mast, Gregory (2007).
1085:Lebel Model 1886 rifle
937:
923:
915:
905:
847:
809:
700:
523:
472:
392:fully automatic rifles
330:Springfield Model 1861
219:accuracy and precision
168:that are bolt-action.
130:
114:
106:
3521:Handgun effectiveness
3454:Minute of Angle (MOA)
3330:Ballistic coefficient
2306:Semi-automatic pistol
2004:at Wikimedia Commons
1971:Zwoll, Wayne (2003).
1242:Blow forward operated
1226:Other firearm actions
1036:AnschĂĽtz 1827 Fortner
929:
921:
911:
903:
845:
824:Fullbore target rifle
807:
694:
517:
470:
388:semi-automatic rifles
304:. In 1850 a metallic
120:
112:
104:
96:Bolt Action (wargame)
4138:in the United States
3796:Armour piercing
3357:Rangefinding/keeping
3269:Push/Controlled feed
3061:Synchronization gear
2796:Blank-firing adapter
2647: or famous
1889:Shooting Illustrated
1885:"Get a Handle on It"
1289:Semi automatic rifle
1264:Falling block action
962:Radialbundverschluss
952:In 1993, the German
832:Schultz & Larsen
600:Pattern 1914 Enfield
471:Rotating bolt scheme
437:Bolt-action shotguns
324:in 1862, during the
282:, following work on
140:that is operated by
136:is a type of manual
18:Straight-pull rifles
4230:Privately made
4193:Firearm brands
4079:State firearms
4059:Exhibition shooting
4042:Celebratory gunfire
3901:Plastic tipped
3831:High explosive
3352:Physics of firearms
1922:. 29 September 2016
1420:"Firearms: History"
1147:loaded by hand, by
922:Lee Navy Model 1895
760:, SAF Lithgow, and
650:Winchester Model 70
646:Heym Express Magnum
412:designated marksman
398:, used bolt-action
369:M1885 Remington–Lee
187:rifle disciplines.
4403:Bolt-action rifles
4328:Right to bear arms
4274:Featureless rifles
4220:Improvised firearm
4181:3D printed firearm
4069:United States
3964:Fully powered
3871:Total metal jacket
3511:Stock measurements
2234:Underwater firearm
2130: versus
1973:Bolt Action Rifles
1046:Operating the bolt
1024:Biathlon World Cup
943:primary extraction
938:
924:
916:
906:
886:series of rifles.
848:
810:
709:Lee–Enfield rifles
701:
631:Karabinek wz. 1929
524:
473:
326:American Civil War
322:Battle of Antietam
173:repeating firearms
131:
115:
107:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4342:United States Gun
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3886:Hollow point
3811:Full metal jacket
3718:
3717:
3676:Tubes and Primers
3536:
3535:
3486:Power factor
3424:Gun harmonisation
3377:
3376:
3307:
3306:
3181:
3180:
3163:Night vision
2727:
2726:
2639:
2638:
2553:Automatic shotgun
2530:
2529:
2117:Types of firearms
2106:
2105:
2000:Media related to
1982:978-0-87349-660-5
1441:978-0-470-06158-9
1396:978-1-61060-032-3
1237:Blowback operated
1169:Needle fire rifle
1117:SIG Sauer 200 STR
1073:Mauser Model 1871
1069:Dreyse needle gun
935:
668:GOL Sniper Magnum
595:M1903 Springfield
540:9.3Ă—64mm Brenneke
536:magnum cartridges
400:M1903 Springfield
353:tubular magazines
144:manipulating the
92:
91:
84:
16:(Redirected from
4410:
4289:
4235:Small arms trade
4173:Firearm industry
4024:, and
4009:
3881:Hollow base
3729:
3708:Smokeless powder
3564:
3542:
3491:Precision-guided
3318:
3192:
2999:Rail system
2873:Flash suppressor
2752:
2733:
2679:Winchester rifle
2669:Antique firearms
2599:20-gauge shotgun
2546:
2360:
2112:
2059:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1986:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1891:. 17 August 2012
1881:
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1850:
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1839:
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1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1811:The Firearm Blog
1802:
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1770:
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1728:
1717:"Lynx 94 Review"
1713:
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1702:
1687:
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1676:
1669:The Firearm Blog
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1493:
1488:Lugs, Jaroslav.
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1305:
1018:In the sport of
933:
880:smokeless powder
492:system, and the
87:
80:
76:
73:
67:
62:this article by
53:inline citations
40:
39:
32:
21:
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4413:
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4409:
4408:
4407:
4398:Firearm actions
4388:
4387:
4386:
4373:
4337:
4306:Concealed carry
4301:Assault weapons
4296:Air travel
4278:
4255: and
4239:
4167:
4127:
4119:
4108:Shooting sports
4098:Pistol duelling
4028:
3995:
3959:Rifle cartridge
3925:
3866:Supercavitating
3861:Soft point
3782:
3714:
3688:Ball propellant
3634:
3553:
3532:
3528:Twist rate
3419:Gun chronograph
3409:Effective range
3373:
3303:
3274:Recoil-operated
3177:
3082:
2741:
2723:
2709:Colt Peacemaker
2635:
2609:Dragon's breath
2604:Breaching round
2587:
2568:Double-barreled
2526:
2502:General purpose
2488:
2344:
2238:
2179:Multiple-barrel
2119:
2102:
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2035:
1993:
1983:
1970:
1967:
1965:Further reading
1962:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
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1894:
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1672:
1671:. 11 April 2017
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1573:
1568:(Summer 2002).
1557:
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1522:
1512:
1510:
1509:. 25 March 2022
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1348:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1247:Recoil operated
1232:Automatic rifle
1228:
1201:
1141:
1109:
1048:
898:
892:
840:
816:
802:
782:
776:
715:and the barrel
713:James Paris Lee
689:
683:
555:controlled-feed
518:A disassembled
512:
506:
482:Remington M-700
465:
460:
342:Chassepot rifle
276:
270:
203:law enforcement
199:service weapons
181:shooting sports
99:
88:
77:
71:
68:
58:Please help to
57:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4165:
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4155:
4150:
4145:
4143:Assassinations
4140:
4134:
4132:
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4120:
4118:
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4115:
4105:
4100:
4095:
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3678:
3673:
3668:
3666:Percussion cap
3663:
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3516:Stopping power
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3483:
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3441:
3436:
3434:Length of pull
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3261:
3259:Out-of-battery
3256:
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2883:Forward assist
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2853:Cocking handle
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2737:Mechanics and
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2565:
2563:Combat shotgun
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2328:Submachine gun
2325:
2318:Pistol caliber
2315:
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2303:
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2073:
2062:
2055:
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2026:
2019:
2011:
1992:
1991:External links
1989:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1947:AllOutdoor.com
1933:
1902:
1876:
1845:
1834:
1823:
1797:
1771:
1760:
1734:
1723:. 18 July 2016
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1212:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1171:was the first
1153:stripper clips
1140:
1137:
1113:cocking handle
1108:
1105:
1047:
1044:
1032:J. G. AnschĂĽtz
913:Mannlicher M95
891:
888:
864:Krag–Jørgensen
852:Vetterli rifle
839:
836:
812:Main article:
801:
798:
778:Main article:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
764:
750:
745:
685:Main article:
682:
679:
675:Swedish Mauser
671:
670:
656:
638:
633:
624:
619:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
578:
573:
567:Standardmodell
508:Main article:
505:
502:
464:
461:
459:
456:
443:shotguns. The
359:rifle and the
334:Palmer carbine
275:
272:
238:cartridge case
211:selective-fire
207:semi-automatic
138:firearm action
90:
89:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4415:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
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4370:
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4360:
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4350:
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4319:
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4309:
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4299:
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4294:
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4265:
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4260:
4259:
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4254:
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4250:
4248:
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4242:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4225:Most-produced
4223:
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4218:
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4213:
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4206:
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3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
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3390:
3387:
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3380:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
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3338:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
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3323:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:Muzzleloading
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Breechloading
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
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3059:
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3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:Muzzle shroud
2982:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2972:Stripper clip
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:High-capacity
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2931:
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2923:
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2899:
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2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:Mauser rifles
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
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2649:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2614:Shotgun shell
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2579:
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2500:
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2383:
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2378:
2375:
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2370:
2368:
2367:Anti-materiel
2365:
2364:
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2358:
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2333:
2329:
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2227:
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2222:
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2207:
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2200:
2197:
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2118:
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2109:
2099:
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2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1864:
1861:. G/O Media.
1860:
1856:
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1613:
1610:
1598:
1597:Rifle Shooter
1594:
1587:
1584:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1508:
1504:
1498:
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1491:
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1482:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1462:"NRA Museums"
1457:
1454:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
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1414:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
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1325:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Rotating bolt
1282:
1280:
1279:Rolling block
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:Service rifle
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:breech loader
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:tube magazine
1154:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1133:SIG Sauer 404
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1053:rotating bolt
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
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963:
959:
955:
950:
948:
944:
932:
928:
920:
914:
910:
902:
897:
890:Straight pull
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
844:
838:Other designs
837:
835:
833:
827:
825:
822:competition.
821:
815:
806:
799:
797:
795:
791:
787:
781:
773:
768:
765:
763:
759:
755:
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728:
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669:
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643:
639:
637:
634:
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628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
614:
611:
608:
606:
605:M1917 Enfield
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:Type 24 rifle
588:
586:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
571:Karabiner 98k
568:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
551:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
521:
520:Karabiner 98k
516:
511:
503:
501:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
469:
463:Rotating bolt
462:
457:
455:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
408:sniper rifles
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:Greene rifles
314:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:Prussian Army
291:
290:
285:
284:breechloading
281:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:straight-pull
262:
259:
256:and into the
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:rotating bolt
222:
220:
216:
215:sniper rifles
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
128:
124:
119:
111:
103:
97:
86:
83:
75:
65:
61:
55:
54:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4245:Arms control
4125:Gun violence
4092:Jungle style
4091:
4064:Gun cultures
3969:Intermediate
3646:Fire forming
3496:Rate of fire
3367:Stadiametric
3345:Transitional
3289:Self-loading
3244:Gas-operated
3208:
3204:Blow-forward
3136:Red dot
3046:Squeeze bore
2994:Pistol slide
2979:Muzzle brake
2947:Bottom metal
2494:Machine guns
2152:Line thrower
2132:muzzleloader
2128:Breechloader
1994:
1972:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1919:
1893:. Retrieved
1888:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1858:
1848:
1837:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:
1774:
1763:
1751:. Retrieved
1747:
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1720:
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1695:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1668:
1659:
1648:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1586:
1574:. Retrieved
1565:
1561:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1506:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1470:
1456:
1445:, retrieved
1423:
1413:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1355:
1349:
1339:
1332:
1322:
1316:
1308:
1303:
1269:Lever action
1259:Break action
1252:Gas operated
1205:Antique guns
1142:
1110:
1097:Mosin–Nagant
1060:Lever-action
1057:
1049:
1017:
1006:
961:
951:
949:of the gun.
947:rate of fire
939:
868:
860:Italian Army
849:
828:
817:
786:Sergei Mosin
783:
780:Mosin–Nagant
774:Mosin–Nagant
748:Ishapore 2A1
729:
702:
697:charger clip
672:
552:
548:
530:designed by
525:
498:
494:Mosin–Nagant
488:system, the
474:
453:
435:
416:
384:World War II
381:
365:box magazine
350:
315:
288:
277:
269:
264:
225:
223:
189:
170:
154:right-handed
141:
133:
132:
78:
69:
50:
29:
4359:Legislation
4311:in the U.S.
4262:Disarmament
4257:Gun control
3954:Handloading
3741:Dummy round
3613:Cooking off
3608:Malfunction
3596:Field strip
3591:Maintenance
3481:Penetration
3444:Match grade
3362:Mathematics
3294:Single-shot
3234:Closed bolt
3148:Scope mount
3111:Holographic
3101:Finderscope
2989:Pistol grip
2967:Speedloader
2821:Telescoping
2801:Breechblock
2674:Gatling gun
2573:Pump action
2214:Single-shot
2137:Combination
1785:Shooting UK
1748:Shooting UK
1696:Shooting UK
1576:1 September
1562:NRA Journal
1274:Pump action
1185:single shot
1101:Lee–Enfield
1093:Mauser M 98
1081:.22 rimfire
1064:pump-action
1028:.22 caliber
1002:Savage Arms
982:C.G. Haenel
882:), and the
876:Lebel rifle
874:, Mle 1886
814:Swing rifle
794:sporterized
790:LĂ©on Nagant
762:Parker Hale
737:sporterised
705:Lee–Metford
687:Lee–Enfield
681:Lee–Enfield
654:Mauser M 98
532:Paul Mauser
490:Lee–Enfield
377:World War I
373:Lee–Metford
361:Lebel rifle
357:Kropatschek
338:French Army
289:Nadelgewehr
177:single-shot
175:, but many
150:bolt handle
134:Bolt-action
72:August 2019
64:introducing
4392:Categories
4163:Gun safety
4158:Gunfighter
3949:Centrefire
3931:Cartridges
3911:Snake shot
3851:Round shot
3841:Projectile
3826:Incendiary
3724:Ammunition
3683:Propellant
3651:Obturation
3623:Squib load
3551:ammunition
3389:Accurizing
3325:Ballistics
3239:Electronic
3158:Telescopic
3009:Recoil pad
2868:Firing pin
2843:Bump stock
2806:Breechface
2747:Components
2739:components
2592:Ammunition
2340:Wallet gun
2284:Pepper-box
2229:Spring-gun
2224:Smoothbore
2219:Sleeve gun
1533:rfi.gov.in
1295:References
1193:firing pin
1121:Blaser R93
1040:Heym SR 30
972:Helix and
958:Blaser R93
931:Heym SR 30
894:See also:
872:Gras rifle
856:Swiss army
719:after the
707:and later
627:Kb wz. 98a
622:M48 Mauser
576:M24 series
478:firing pin
427:large game
390:and later
355:as on the
346:Gras rifle
306:centerfire
192:World Wars
47:references
4203:Gun shops
4153:Forensics
4128:and
4074:Gun shows
3816:Frangible
3806:Expanding
3758:Gas check
3753:Flechette
3736:Cannelure
3661:Gunpowder
3618:Hang fire
3586:Firefight
3439:Lock time
3429:Headspace
3394:Bore axis
3279:Repeating
3229:Open bolt
3143:Magnifier
3029:Auto sear
2935:Wheellock
2930:Flintlock
2908:Half-cock
2863:Extractor
2764:Feed ramp
2694:Tommy Gun
2684:M1 Garand
2619:.410 bore
2583:Sawed-off
2558:Coach gun
2472:Repeating
2465:Polygonal
2389:Automatic
2372:Anti-tank
2257:Derringer
2147:Flare gun
1492:, p. 147.
1405:847527424
1139:Reloading
1125:Blaser R8
1107:Bolt knob
1013:lock time
966:Blaser R8
733:headspace
636:FR 7/FR 8
563:Gewehr 98
528:Gewehr 98
496:system.
404:M1 Garand
348:in 1874.
250:cartridge
123:US Marine
4364:Politics
4284:Gun laws
4215:Gunsmith
4103:Politics
4022:industry
3944:Caseless
3746:Snap cap
3639:Ignition
3630:Ricochet
3571:Dry fire
3547:Shooting
3474:Velocity
3340:Terminal
3335:External
3299:Slamfire
3284:Revolver
3199:Blowback
3066:Tapering
3041:Silencer
3004:Receiver
2942:Magazine
2898:Foregrip
2888:Freebore
2858:Cylinder
2816:Rotating
2779:Trunnion
2645:Historic
2536:Shotguns
2455:Marksman
2433:Elephant
2335:Starting
2294:Revolver
2262:Duelling
2252:Cane gun
2244:Handguns
2204:Riot gun
2172:Takedown
2157:Long gun
2142:Elephant
2046:glossary
2038:Firearms
1952:12 April
1926:12 April
1895:12 April
1869:23 March
1863:Archived
1816:12 April
1790:12 April
1753:12 April
1727:12 April
1701:12 April
1675:12 April
1627:12 April
1622:Gun Mart
1538:12 April
1513:29 March
1199:See also
1151:, or by
1145:magazine
1129:Sako TRG
1077:receiver
1071:and the
1020:biathlon
974:Browning
884:Berthier
740:action.
660:Sako TRG
652:and the
544:8Ă—68mm S
254:magazine
230:receiver
196:infantry
166:handguns
162:shotguns
142:directly
4351: (
4318:License
4086:Hunting
4034:Society
4014:Society
3991:Wildcat
3986:Pinfire
3916:Spitzer
3846:Raufoss
3788:Bullets
3778:Wadding
3693:Cordite
3671:Rimfire
3601:Fouling
3581:Gunshot
3559:Gunshot
3399:Caliber
3382:Metrics
3313:Physics
3214:Boxlock
3187:Actions
3173:Zeroing
3168:Thermal
3126:Reticle
3096:Diopter
3071:Trigger
2918:Striker
2893:Forearm
2878:Fluting
2848:Chamber
2836:Tilting
2826:Flapper
2786:Bayonet
2774:Threads
2538: (
2460:Rifling
2448:Varmint
2438:Express
2428:Buffalo
2423:Hunting
2406:Carbine
2377:Assault
2352: (
2279:Machine
2199:Pen gun
2194:Net gun
2189:Needler
2181: (
2162:Carbine
2083:History
2066:Firearm
2040: (
1602:26 June
1478:. 1856.
1447:3 April
1189:chamber
1181:Prussia
1165:cannons
1161:pistols
1149:en bloc
986:Chapuis
978:Beretta
723:in the
717:rifling
617:Type 99
613:Type 38
610:Arisaka
538:). The
425:and to
311:primers
274:History
261:chamber
242:striker
60:improve
4148:Deaths
4130:safety
4018:safety
3896:Meplat
3876:Tracer
3703:Ramrod
3656:Primer
3501:Recoil
3464:Energy
3459:Muzzle
3131:Reflex
3088:Sights
3036:Shroud
3019:Safety
2913:Linear
2903:Hammer
2831:Roller
2759:Barrel
2512:Medium
2477:Sniper
2418:Double
2394:Battle
2350:Rifles
2289:Pocket
2267:Pistol
2209:Rotary
2167:Musket
2098:Weapon
2088:Safety
2050:topics
2048:, and
1979:
1859:Quartz
1507:Tactec
1438:
1403:
1393:
1009:hammer
998:Rößler
970:Merkel
954:Blaser
934:(1998)
699:guide.
642:CZ 550
585:vz. 33
581:vz. 24
522:action
510:Mauser
504:Mauser
486:Mauser
431:safari
419:vermin
414:role.
258:barrel
234:breech
158:rifles
148:via a
49:, but
3981:Paper
3939:Blank
3906:ABCBC
3891:Minié
3836:HEIAP
3821:Green
3773:Sabot
3506:Group
3414:Gauge
3249:Lever
3224:Break
3121:Laser
3106:Globe
3076:guard
3056:Stock
3051:Choke
2719:Glock
2714:M1911
2699:MP 40
2659:AR-15
2654:AK-47
2517:Heavy
2507:Light
2071:lists
1566:LXXXI
1558:(PDF)
800:Swing
441:gauge
127:M40A3
4349:Laws
4253:Arms
4208:list
4186:list
4026:laws
3974:list
3856:SLAP
3801:Cast
3549:and
3469:Rise
3264:Pump
3209:Bolt
3153:Tang
3116:Iron
3024:Sear
2957:Drum
2952:Clip
2925:Lock
2811:Bolt
2791:Belt
2769:Slug
2631:Slug
2626:Shot
2578:Riot
2540:list
2482:list
2443:Punt
2411:list
2399:list
2382:list
2354:list
2311:list
2299:list
2272:list
2183:list
2042:list
1977:ISBN
1954:2021
1928:2021
1897:2021
1871:2023
1818:2021
1792:2021
1755:2021
1729:2021
1703:2021
1677:2021
1629:2021
1604:2024
1578:2022
1572:: 24
1540:2021
1515:2022
1449:2021
1436:ISBN
1401:OCLC
1391:ISBN
1163:and
1131:and
1062:and
1030:was
994:Lynx
990:Heym
850:The
788:and
666:and
553:The
542:and
423:deer
396:USMC
246:sear
209:and
185:ISSF
164:and
146:bolt
3921:VLD
3768:PCA
3014:Rim
2704:Uzi
2664:M16
2522:SAW
2093:War
2078:Gun
1428:doi
820:NRA
758:LSA
754:BSA
421:to
4394::
4020:,
4016:,
2044:,
1945:.
1918:.
1905:^
1887:.
1857:.
1809:.
1783:.
1746:.
1719:.
1694:.
1667:.
1620:.
1595:.
1564:.
1560:.
1531:.
1505:.
1434:,
1422:,
1399:.
1123:,
1119:,
1095:,
1091:,
1087:,
1042:.
1000:,
996:,
992:,
988:,
984:,
980:,
756:,
662:,
648:,
644:,
375:.
121:A
4355:)
2542:)
2356:)
2185:)
2052:)
2030:e
2023:t
2016:v
1985:.
1956:.
1930:.
1899:.
1873:.
1820:.
1794:.
1757:.
1731:.
1705:.
1679:.
1631:.
1606:.
1580:.
1542:.
1517:.
1464:.
1430::
1407:.
629:/
615:/
583:/
569:/
565:/
98:.
85:)
79:(
74:)
70:(
56:.
20:)
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