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166:
134:. Hayworth's performance demonstrated to viewers that strapless dresses could be secure enough to move around and dance in without risk of indecent exposure. Despite this, more conservative customers might add shoulder straps to their new strapless dresses. The style was also problematic for those who objected to its perceived immodesty. During the 1940s and 1950s, Catholic campaigners in the United States protested against "immodest" clothing, including
240:(LDS church), declared that strapless gowns were neither righteous nor approved, and that no Latter-day Saint woman should wear one at any time, while other Latter-day Saints declared them an "abomination in the sight of the Lord". Such views may not necessarily reflect those of the majority of their associated religion, although a rule of thumb is that strapless garments are only acceptable in religious contexts, such as Catholic churches or Jewish
3120:
44:
182:
from the 1990s. However, for religious weddings, strapless and shoulder-baring styles are potentially controversial, and despite the popularity of the strapless wedding dress it is considered by some to be a "rejection of the virginal ideal".
177:
is sometimes credited with introducing this style of bridal dress in the first decade of the 21st century, although strapless dresses were an increasingly valid option from the 1990s onwards with the growing popularity of formal
86:, who had been photographed in an apparently strapless dress that year. Holman became associated with the strapless dress and is regularly credited with inventing it, or at least being one of its first high-profile wearers.
138:
and strapless swimsuits and dresses. In 1954, the United States Army tried to ban Army wives and daughters in
Germany from wearing shorts, jeans, and strapless dresses, "except at appropriate social functions."
198:
Since their introduction, strapless garments have proved problematic in many contexts. In the early 21st century, many schools and workplaces specifically forbid strapless garments as part of their
220:
Strapless garments may be singled out for particular censure by preachers and clerics. In 2005, a Muslim cleric declared strapless garments "satanic", along with other revealing garments such as
120:
Strapless dresses remained popular after the Second World War, with the style sometimes being described as the "naked look". One of the most famous strapless dresses of this period was the
89:
In 1934, Mainbocher produced his first strapless gown, a black satin design which has been described as the first strapless evening dress. Along with Holman and
Mainbocher, the heiress
108:
614:"In Vogue with Mary" - How Catholic Girls Created an Urban Market for Modesty; published in Faith in the market : religion and the rise of urban commercial culture
157:
was worn as a casual strapless option, and by the 1980s, strapless dresses were made in stretchy, elastic fabrics which did not require boning or interior structure.
237:
425:
Then there was the scandalous Libby Holman, whose accomplishments ranged from challenging race and gender stereotypes to popularizing the strapless evening gown.
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claimed that the "absolutely strapless, sleeveless evening dress" was a 1937–38 invention. However, that was predated in 1930 by the actress
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Jewish Women: A Comprehensive
Historical Encyclopedia. 1 March 2009. Jewish Women's Archive. (Viewed on March 25, 2013).
121:
316:
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In 2012, the strapless dress was described as the most widely requested style for
Western wedding dresses.
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The
Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball, Twelfth President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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68:, the modern strapless dress first appeared in the 1930s, where it was popularised by designers such as
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Libby Holman was a Jewish
American who invented the strapless gown and was a celebrated torch singer.
225:
146:, whose flowing Grecian dresses were mounted upon custom-designed interior corsets by Alice Cadolle.
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in 2012 indicated that 72% of
Americans thought strapless tops were inappropriate office wear.
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35:, with the tightness of the bodice preventing the dress from slipping out of position.
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Wedding dress style : the indispensable style-file for brides-to-be and designers
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Death in North
Carolina's Piedmont : tales of murder, suicide and causes unknown
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Greenwood
Encyclopedia of Clothing through American History, 1900 to the Present
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Couture & commerce : the transatlantic fashion trade in the 1950s
27:
or other visible means of support. It is usually supported by an internal
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Rosie and Mrs. America : perceptions of women in the 1930s and 1940s
154:
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is also credited with popularising the style when she wore a strapless
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617:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. pp. 177–198.
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or top is a garment that stays put around the upper body without
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and famously appeared in it on the
November 14, 1938, cover of
2020:
1167:
1145:
495:
The borrowed years, 1938-1941 : America on the way to war
931:"Muslim cleric: women incite men's lust with 'satanic dress'"
142:
During the 1950s, notable strapless dress designers included
1058:
611:
Jay, Kathryn; Winston, Diane (2002). John M. Giggie (ed.).
1039:
Today I am a woman stories of bat mitzvah around the world
877:. Helena: Montana Historical Society Press. p. 74.
411:
Nightclub nights : art, legend and style, 1920-1960
153:
designed an unstructured strapless dress. The knitted
1042:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 18.
186:
The strapless dress is also a very popular style for
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2013:
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385:. Harpenden, Herts: Pocket Essentials. p. 58.
269:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 6.
1036:Reinharz, Shulamit; Vinick, Barbara, eds. (2011).
874:I do : a cultural history of Montana weddings
698:
665:
492:
985:America's saints : the rise of Mormon power
470:. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books.
238:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
169:Japanese bride wearing a strapless dress, 2010
1074:
1012:A Marriage Made in Italy - Area Guide 3: Rome
590:. New York: Harper Design. pp. 206–207.
360:. Charleston, SC: History Press. p. 74.
8:
982:Wiley, Robert Gottlieb & Peter (1984).
823:. New York: Chelsea House. pp. 47–48.
705:(English ed.). Oxford: Berg. pp.
672:(English ed.). Oxford: Berg. pp.
2934:
2163:
2159:
2010:
1786:
1081:
1067:
1059:
812:
810:
782:
780:
547:
545:
244:, if the shoulders and arms are covered.
787:Daniels, Maggie; Carol Loveless (2012).
499:(1st ed.). New York: Random House.
164:
107:
988:. New York, NY: Putnam's. p. 199.
252:
730:Peterson, Amy T.; Ann Kellogg (2008).
579:
577:
575:
263:Martin, Richard; Koda, Harold (1996).
697:Polan, Brenda; Tredre, Roger (2009).
664:Polan, Brenda; Tredre, Roger (2009).
558:. Vancouver: UBC Press p. 154.
291:"Underthings for the Strapless Vogue"
258:
256:
7:
3082:Global trade of secondhand clothing
639:"Wives Told to Dress in Good Taste"
524:"The Glamour Girl Reached her Peak"
51:in an early strapless dress (1930)
14:
929:Devine, Miranda (24 April 2005).
413:. New York: Rizzoli. p. 18.
3118:
128:for a song and dance routine in
1009:Copeman-Bryant, Callie (2007).
790:Wedding Planning and Management
354:Casstevens, Frances H. (2006).
817:Steer, Deirdre Clancy (2009).
76:. The July 18, 1938, issue of
1:
898:Kom, Melissa (20 July 2012).
763:. Oxford: Berg. p. 266.
760:The Berg companion to fashion
757:Steele, Valerie, ed. (2010).
443:. Oxford: Berg. p. 492.
440:The Berg companion to fashion
437:Steele, Valerie, ed. (2010).
955:Kimball, Spencer W. (1982).
491:Ketchum, Richard M. (1989).
701:The Great Fashion Designers
668:The Great Fashion Designers
464:Gourley, Catherine (2008).
194:Social and cultural context
3242:
3092:List of individual dresses
961:. Bookcraft. p. 286.
900:"What Not to Wear To Work"
552:Palmer, Alexandra (2001).
317:"The Lure of Libby Holman"
297:. 18 July 1938. p. 33
3115:
2162:
1096:
844:Woram, Catherine (1993).
736:. ABC-CLIO. p. 209.
587:100 unforgettable dresses
72:and from the late 1940s,
584:Rubenstein, Hal (2012).
409:Waggoner, Susan (2001).
1015:. Lulu.com. p. 7.
904:The Wall Street Journal
209:The Wall Street Journal
3097:Reconstructed clothing
323:. May 1930. p. 57
170:
117:
52:
871:Kohl, Martha (2011).
381:Bowie, Angie (2002).
168:
111:
46:
3154:21st-century fashion
3149:20th-century fashion
3038:Environmental impact
226:see-through clothing
206:survey published in
3125:Clothing portal
820:The 1980s and 1990s
530:. 25 November 1946
230:Spencer W. Kimball
188:red carpet fashion
171:
118:
53:
3131:
3130:
3102:Right to clothing
3026:Halloween costume
2994:
2993:
2969:black lounge suit
2569:
2568:
2369:
2368:
2143:
2142:
1922:
1921:
910:on 9 October 2019
850:. London: Apple.
340:Scheper, Jeanne.
216:Religious stances
112:Rita Hayworth in
3231:
3159:Women's clothing
3123:
3122:
3107:Vintage clothing
2935:
2880:Pocket protector
2164:
2160:
2120:Bodysuit, infant
2011:
1792:formal, informal
1787:
1627:Ceremonial dress
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906:. Archived from
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321:Theatre Magazine
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122:black satin gown
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3053:made-to-measure
3006:Clothing fetish
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2671:Square leg suit
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2593:Blanket sleeper
2565:
2556:Sleeved blanket
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2153:
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2115:Bodysuit, adult
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2003:
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1253:Clerical collar
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645:. 6 August 1954
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342:"Libby Holman."
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95:debutante dress
58:
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25:shoulder straps
21:strapless dress
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3033:Cross-dressing
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2125:Long underwear
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2052:Training pants
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180:civil weddings
162:
159:
149:In the 1970s,
91:Brenda Frazier
74:Christian Dior
62:Richard Martin
57:
56:1930s to 1980s
54:
40:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3237:
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3224:2020s fashion
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3219:2010s fashion
3217:
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3214:2000s fashion
3212:
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3209:1990s fashion
3207:
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3204:1980s fashion
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3199:1970s fashion
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3194:1960s fashion
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3189:1950s fashion
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3184:1940s fashion
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3179:1930s fashion
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3174:1920s fashion
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3169:1910s fashion
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3058:ready-to-wear
3056:
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3048:haute couture
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3021:creature suit
3019:
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3011:Clothing swap
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800:9781136349140
796:
793:. Routledge.
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770:9781847885920
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161:1990s onwards
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126:Rita Hayworth
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60:According to
55:
50:
45:
38:
36:
34:
30:
26:
22:
16:Type of dress
3065:Fur clothing
2885:Pocket watch
2206:British Warm
2181:Chesterfield
2092:boxer shorts
2087:boxer briefs
1857:
1819:little black
1472:Bell-bottoms
1442:sweater vest
1038:
1031:
1011:
1004:
984:
977:
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938:. Retrieved
934:
924:
912:. Retrieved
908:the original
903:
893:
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866:
846:
839:
819:
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647:. Retrieved
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532:. Retrieved
527:
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494:
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439:
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410:
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396:
382:
376:
356:
349:
336:
325:. Retrieved
320:
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299:. Retrieved
294:
285:
266:Bare witness
265:
242:bat mitzvahs
219:
207:
197:
185:
172:
148:
141:
129:
119:
113:
102:
88:
84:Libby Holman
77:
59:
49:Libby Holman
20:
18:
2964:Semi-formal
2930:Dress codes
2820:Boutonnière
2802:Accessories
2681:Swim diaper
2676:Swim briefs
2641:Boardshorts
2561:Windbreaker
2322:Suit jacket
2317:Mess jacket
2211:Guards Coat
2130:See-through
1894:Romper suit
1268:Neck gaiter
1263:Neckerchief
1117:Terminology
383:Bisexuality
232:, the 12th
144:Madame Grès
66:Harold Koda
3138:Categories
2905:Suspenders
2900:Sunglasses
2835:Cummerbund
2825:Coin purse
2729:Flip-flops
2724:Dress shoe
2719:Dress boot
2714:Court shoe
2661:Rash guard
2608:Nightshirt
2482:Harrington
2440:pellegrina
2300:Frock coat
2293:Suit coats
2282:Mackintosh
2223:Over-frock
2082:Underpants
2031:Undershirt
1904:Shirtdress
1745:boilersuit
1642:diplomatic
1604:Yoga pants
1594:Sweatpants
1507:High water
1502:Go-to-hell
1395:sleeveless
1348:halterneck
1338:cache-cœur
1258:Lavallière
1112:Technology
511:strapless.
327:2016-09-29
248:References
222:miniskirts
200:dress code
70:Mainbocher
2974:black tie
2957:white tie
2865:Jewellery
2782:Pantyhose
2656:One-piece
2603:Nightgown
2575:Nightwear
2413:Inverness
2408:ferraiolo
2233:shadbelly
2201:Greatcoat
2168:Overcoats
2155:outerwear
2001:Underwear
1956:Miniskirt
1941:Ballerina
1858:Strapless
1836:debutante
1831:ball gown
1809:Coatdress
1750:cleanroom
1708:Religious
1703:Political
1599:Windpants
1537:Parachute
1454:Waistcoat
1432:polo neck
234:President
175:Vera Wang
136:two-piece
33:brassiere
2981:Informal
2910:Umbrella
2855:Headband
2830:Cufflink
2787:Stocking
2772:Hold-ups
2701:Footwear
2651:Monokini
2646:Dry suit
2623:Swimwear
2598:Negligee
2588:Babygrow
2583:Babydoll
2551:Ski suit
2534:bathrobe
2514:Lab coat
2492:mackinaw
2435:mozzetta
2425:monastic
2386:pinafore
2349:Tailcoat
2277:Raincoat
2057:Leggings
2026:Camisole
2006:lingerie
1914:Sundress
1814:Cocktail
1799:Backless
1740:Workwear
1723:vestment
1718:clerical
1698:Pantsuit
1664:Military
1659:Jumpsuit
1654:Jodhpuri
1632:academic
1619:uniforms
1589:Slim-fit
1577:hotpants
1527:Overalls
1522:Jodhpurs
1464:Trousers
1417:guernsey
1412:cardigan
1353:tube top
1343:crop top
1235:Neckwear
1210:Kerchief
1151:baseball
1133:Headwear
1122:Timeline
1107:Industry
1090:Clothing
940:18 March
914:18 March
649:18 March
534:18 March
301:18 March
155:tube top
124:worn by
97:for her
47:Actress
3144:Dresses
3077:Fursuit
3043:Fashion
3016:Costume
2999:Related
2939:Western
2860:Handbag
2845:Glasses
2840:Gaiters
2810:Armband
2759:Legwear
2749:Sneaker
2744:Slipper
2691:Wetsuit
2636:Burkini
2613:Pajamas
2497:Norfolk
2487:leather
2452:Cut-off
2398:Cagoule
2393:Blouson
2359:morning
2332:smoking
2305:bekishe
2262:Paletot
2062:Panties
1971:Rah-rah
1966:Prairie
1863:Wedding
1848:Prairie
1826:Evening
1777:Dresses
1713:cassock
1679:service
1582:running
1567:dolphin
1562:dycling
1557:Bermuda
1532:Palazzo
1512:Lowrise
1477:Bondage
1447:twinset
1407:Sweater
1360:Cycling
1273:Necktie
1188:homburg
1102:History
643:The Age
151:Halston
39:History
31:and/or
2986:Casual
2947:Formal
2915:Wallet
2870:Livery
2850:Gloves
2792:Tights
2777:Garter
2734:Sandal
2686:Trunks
2631:Bikini
2524:Poncho
2509:Jerkin
2502:safari
2477:goggle
2472:flight
2462:Jacket
2447:Coatee
2420:Mantle
2337:sports
2327:Blazer
2245:Ulster
2240:Trench
2228:Riding
2196:Duster
2191:Duffel
2186:Covert
2097:briefs
2047:Diaper
2040:Bottom
1976:Sarong
1961:Pencil
1936:A-line
1928:Skirts
1899:Sheath
1889:Jumper
1877:Casual
1765:scrubs
1755:hazmat
1735:Prison
1730:School
1691:combat
1684:sailor
1552:Shorts
1497:Formal
1427:jersey
1422:hoodie
1385:Henley
1370:Mantle
1333:Blouse
1315:Tippet
1298:school
1293:kipper
1248:Choker
1220:Turban
1200:Helmet
1183:fedora
1178:bowler
1173:boater
1046:
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204:Adecco
116:(1946)
29:corset
3070:types
2920:Watch
2895:Spats
2666:Sling
2546:Shawl
2519:Parka
2457:Gilet
2430:royal
2381:Apron
2374:Other
2354:dress
2310:rekel
2255:opera
2250:Cloak
2218:Greca
2149:Coats
2135:Teddy
2077:Thong
1981:Skort
1951:Men's
1946:Denim
1884:House
1843:Plain
1782:gowns
1760:space
1637:court
1614:Suits
1517:Jeans
1492:Chaps
1487:Cargo
1482:Capri
1437:shrug
1380:dress
1375:Shirt
1365:Kurta
1310:Scarf
1303:stock
1278:ascot
1243:Bands
1141:Beret
202:. An
131:Gilda
114:Gilda
99:debut
3087:Laws
2890:Sash
2875:Muff
2815:Belt
2767:Sock
2739:Shoe
2709:Boot
2529:Robe
2467:down
2403:Cape
2342:Teba
2272:Polo
2108:Full
2072:Slip
2004:and
1991:Wrap
1986:Tutu
1909:Slip
1868:Wrap
1780:and
1674:mess
1669:full
1649:Folk
1547:Phat
1390:polo
1325:Tops
1283:bolo
1225:Veil
1215:Mask
1205:Hood
1161:knit
1156:flat
1044:ISBN
1017:ISBN
990:ISBN
963:ISBN
942:2013
916:2013
879:ISBN
852:ISBN
825:ISBN
795:ISBN
765:ISBN
738:ISBN
711:ISBN
678:ISBN
651:2013
619:ISBN
592:ISBN
560:ISBN
536:2013
528:LIFE
501:ISBN
472:ISBN
445:ISBN
415:ISBN
387:ISBN
362:ISBN
303:2013
295:LIFE
271:ISBN
224:and
103:Life
79:Life
64:and
2267:Pea
2176:Car
2152:and
2021:Bra
2014:Top
1616:and
1572:gym
1288:bow
1193:top
1168:Hat
1146:Cap
707:139
236:of
3140::
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674:69
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