Helvellyn - Knowledge (XXG)

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home at two in the morning, rode to Glencoyne and left his horse at a house in the valley there. He started to walk up the mountain at between four and five in the morning and after five hours hot and hard work he reached the snow and the summit. The snow was covered with dust so he had to dig for clean snow to eat with his dinner. He returned by a different route, reaching Glencoyne ten hours after leaving it. This story seems to reflect the colder climatic conditions of the eighteenth century, during the so-called "

1495:, who slipped and fell from Striding Edge in April 1805. Three months later a shepherd heard a dog barking near Red Tarn and went to investigate. He found Gough's skeleton, his hat split in two, and his dog still in attendance. Initial newspaper reports that the dog had survived by eating the remains of her dead master were quickly forgotten. Gough became regarded as a martyr to the romantic ideal, and his dog Foxie was celebrated for her attachment and fidelity to her long-dead master. William Wordsworth and Sir 296: 256: 220: 1582: 49: 1245: 529: 1088:

missing. Today the gap has been filled in and a ladder stile crosses the wall. From here the initial part of the ridge is relatively rounded and has a solid path running along the right-hand side. This changes upon reaching High Spying How, the highest point on the ridge — 863 m (2,831 ft). At this point a narrow path continues close to the top of the ridge, which becomes increasingly narrow, and scramblers will often follow the very top of the arête.

1772: 2065: 521: 1760: 1284:. A bridleway winds up the fellside, over Comb Crags and traverses the slopes of Nethermost Pike to arrive on the ridge at Swallow Scarth, the col just below Helvellyn. Other routes from Wythburn follow Comb Gill or Whelpside Gill, or Middle Tongue between these two gills. The shortest route of all follows the gill past the old lead mine, perhaps better used as a descent. Wainwright warned walkers with weak ankles to avoid it. 4064: 4076: 1516:

to do", and "every one knows" the story of Charles Gough. She also mentioned three routes from the west: one by Grisedale Tarn, one from the Nag's Head at Wythburn, "the shortest, but by far the steepest," and a third from Legburthwaite (that is, from the inn at Thirlspot.) An advertisement in her book, placed by the King's Head Inn at Legburthwaite, claimed "A guide always in readiness at this inn."

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in 1855 described the ascent from Patterdale. Ponies could be taken as far as Red Tarn, where there were stakes to tether them while undertaking the final part on foot via Swirral Edge. "Though trying to unnaccustomed nerves," she said, "there is no real danger"; the other ridge "is always fool-hardy

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A few days later William Wordsworth with his brother John and their friend Mr Simpson made a trip up Helvellyn, setting out after breakfast and returning home at ten that evening. A year later, in October 1801, William and his sister Dorothy rode to Legburthwaite (to the inn at Thirlspot) and then to

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One of the earliest accounts of an ascent of Helvellyn for the pleasure of doing so is contained in James Clarke's guidebook of 1787. He quotes the account of an unnamed gentleman from Penrith who wanted to eat his dinner on Midsummer Day while sitting in a snowdrift on top of Helvellyn. The man left

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offers a shorter but equally exciting scramble along a similar sharp arête. The main path to it comes up from Red Tarn, which is linked by a surprisingly level path to Hole-in-the-Wall, making this ridge equally accessible from Patterdale as from Glenridding. The ridge walk can be extended to include

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this presents a serious obstacle. In January 2008 two walkers died after falling from the ridge in separate incidents. Another walker died after falling from Striding Edge in May 2008. Over the August Bank Holiday weekend in 2017, Patterdale Mountain Rescue attended a fatal fall from Striding Edge on

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The path on the right-hand side continues until near the end of the ridge where it switches over to the left-hand side. Scramblers who continue on the top of the ridge are forced to descend an awkward short gully down from the final rock tower to rejoin the path. At this point the ridge connects with

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Many people camp on Helvellyn throughout the year, often near Red Tarn which gives good views of Striding Edge, Swirral Edge, and the summit of Helvellyn itself. Although camping in England is illegal without the permission of the landowner, there is a tradition of wild camping in the Lake District.

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by a path alongside Raise Beck. Above the tarn the old pony track zigzags up the fellside, and takes a safe but unexciting route well away from crags on the side of the ridge, and avoiding all the intermediate tops. In suitable weather a more interesting and scenic route is to follow the edge of the

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Striding Edge begins at Hole-in-the-Wall and then stretches for over 1.5 km (1 mi) to the Helvellyn summit plateau. This starting point is accessible from both Glenridding and Patterdale. Hole-in-the-Wall used to be a prominent gap in the stone wall on the top of the ridge where a gate was

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Whelp Side, between Whelpside Gill and Mines Gill, appears as a distinct shoulder of the mountain when seen from the west, largely grassy though with a few crags and boulders in places, and with coniferous plantations on its lower slopes which were planted to stabilise the land around the reservoir.

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Streams on the west side drain directly into Thirlmere, apart from Helvellyn Gill which flows into a parallel valley to the east of Great How and empties into St John's Beck. However, when Thirlmere reservoir was built, a leat was constructed to capture the water of Helvellyn Gill, so that it is now

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Little can be seen of the levels now for the entrances were destroyed when the mine closed, but several spoil heaps remain, one covering the gill, along with the old miners' path which zigzags up the hillside, a self-acting incline to lower ore to the dressing floor, and the old winding-drum house.

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opened in 1839 by the gill between Whelpside and Helvellyn Screes. It was operated by a succession of different owners, driving five levels through mostly barren rock to explore three mineral veins. It finally closed in 1880 when Manchester Corporation acquired the land for the Thirlmere reservoir.

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A small tourist industry began to grow up around the mountain, with inns providing ponies and guides as well as accommodation for the visitors, and guidebooks being published for visitors. Jonathan Otley's guidebook of 1823 described the view from the summit and claimed it gave a more complete view

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A second reservoir was built around 1860 in Brown Cove, between Swirral Edge and Lower Man, along with one further down the valley in Keppel Cove. These provided water to generate hydroelectric power for the lead mine. The dam in Keppel Cove is still in place, but water now leaks through its base.

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two routes lead up Helvellyn. The old pony route took a very safe and steady route for the benefit of early visitors, who took horses and a guide from the inn. The route traverses the flank of White Side to join the ridge at the col just below Lower Man. The other route, known as the White Stones

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The top of Helvellyn is a broad plateau, trending roughly from north-west to south-east for about a kilometre between Lower Man and the start of Striding Edge. Throughout this distance it remains more than 900 m (3,000 ft) high. To the west the ground drops gently at first but then more

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Helvellyn is a popular area for winter climbing in the Lake District. The steep headwall above Red Tarn contains several graded routes, clustered around the prow-shaped buttress on the right-hand side of the face, known to climbers as Viking Buttress, and in a couple of gullies which lead to the

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The Lake District National Park Authority employs two "Fell top assessors" during the winter months, usually between December and March. Working alternate weeks, one of these walks up Helvellyn each day during that period to check the weather, snow and walking conditions. Their report and daily

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The climb up or down from the summit plateau onto Swirral Edge is another well known accident spot. In winter it involves climbing down another snow cornice onto steep icy ground. There have been a number of accidents at this spot in recent years, making it as dangerous as Striding Edge.

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The north-west ridge continues from Lower Man over Browncove Crags, becoming almost insignificant when it reaches the shore of Thirlmere, yet still separating the valley of Helvellyn Gill from the reservoir, before finally rising again to the wooded height of Great How at its terminus.

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the spectrum of colours was "pastel rather than primary, gentle rather than bold." Colours were related to a landscape context in which blues, greens, greys and whites in particular were both more diverse and more differentiated than in English. People who relied on the system of

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of the Lake District than any other point. William Ford, in his guidebook of 1839 recommended the Horse Head Inn at Wythburn as a good place to stay and where a guide could be hired "at a moderate charge"; he went on to describe the climb up Whelp Side and the view from the top.

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below). The highest point, 950 m (3,120 ft) above sea level, is the top of a small rocky knoll, marked by a loose cairn. In former times this knoll used to be known as Helvellyn High Man (or Higher Man.) Nearby there is a cross-shaped stone shelter; to the north is an

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current ceased to flow past the British Isles. Small cirque and valley glaciers formed in north and east facing valleys, including Grisedale and the coves on the east side of Helvellyn. The results are seen in moraines of unsorted boulder gravel in the valleys, the spectacular

1668:) and others have been able to survive in these coves since the last glaciation through a combination of rocks rich in basic minerals, a harsh micro-climate and inaccessibility to grazing sheep on cliff ledges. However, these populations are small and are not reproducing well. 1868:. These were deposited in water, probably in a caldera lake, as the volcanic rocks weathered and were eroded. Structures in these rocks suggest the faults were still active and the caldera was still subsiding. Layers of tuff and lapilli-tuff indicate some ongoing volcanism. 484:

and two sharp-topped ridges on the eastern side (Striding Edge and Swirral Edge). Helvellyn was one of the earliest fells to prove popular with walkers and explorers; beginning especially in the later 18th century. Among the early visitors to Helvellyn were the poets

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also has an east ridge which gives an alternative route to Helvellyn from Grisedale, which many walkers overlook. It can be combined with a scramble on Eagle Crag, or this part can be bypassed by taking the path to Nethermost Cove before joining the ridge.

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The subsidiary top, Helvellyn Lower Man, is about 700 m (770 yd) to the north-west. Its summit is small compared to the plateau of Helvellyn, but it offers better views to the north-west, as the ground falls steeply away from it on that side.

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The remains of the dam in Brown Cove can be seen, but again water leaks freely through it. It is unclear whether there ever was a natural tarn in Brown Cove. Guidebook writers before 1860 refer only to Keppel Cove Tarn to the north of Swirral Edge.

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to the north-east, Morecambe Bay, Blackpool and the coast of North Wales to the south, and the Irish Sea to the west. Snowdon is hidden by the Coniston Fells, and the Isle of Man is largely hidden behind the Great Gable and Pillar group of fells.

2124:. The mountain has two tops, which used to be distinguished as Helvellyn Low Man (or Lower Man) and Helvellyn High Man (or Higher Man). Both are drawn and labelled on a panoramic view of the range found in Jonathan Otley's guidebook of 1823. 1276:

is the start of the most direct route to the top of Helvellyn, "the modern pedestrian highway" which has been paved where necessary. It zigzags up the fellside above Helvellyn Gill, over Browncove Crags and joins the main ridge at Lower Man.

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the top of Helvellyn before returning the same way. Dorothy recorded that it had been a glorious day. They had mists both above and below them, but the sun shone through and their views extended from the Scottish mountains to the sea at

1178: mi) on a good path follows the track up Grisedale to the tarn, and then takes the old pony track up the south ridge of Helvellyn. The second part of this walk takes a safe route well away from crags on the side of the ridge (see 624:. Water from Brown Cove and Red Tarn unite below Catstye Cam to form Glenridding Beck, which flows through Glenridding village to the lake, while Nethermost Cove drains into the same lake via Grisedale Beck and Patterdale village. 4744: 500:

is more famous for his death on Striding Edge in 1805 than for what he achieved in his life. Among many human feats upon the mountain, one of the strangest was the landing and take-off of a small aeroplane on the summit in 1926.

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A never-failing spring called Brownrigg Well exists 90 m (300 ft) below the summit of Helvellyn, about 500 m (550 yd) due west of the highest point, at the head of Whelpside Gill. In the nineteenth century a

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witnessed the landing. The uphill take-off was more difficult and the plane dived off the edge of the summit with insufficient airspeed, but picked up speed as it dived, narrowly missing Striding Edge, to return to Manchester.

1875:. This consists of up to 400 m (1,300 ft) of ignimbrite, representing another series of pyroclastic flows. This Helvellyn Tuff is found only within the boundary faults of the caldera, and mainly in its western half. 1836:

The lowest and oldest rocks on Helvellyn are those of this Lincomb Tarns Tuff Formation, which outcrop along the western side, up to roughly the 550 m (1,800 ft) contour on Whelp Side. The lowest part of the

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speaks of Wordsworth "on Helvellyn's summit, wide awake…" in a sonnet that celebrates the poet and other artists. A portrait of Wordsworth, deep in thought among the clouds on the summit of Helvellyn, was painted by

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to the west, and can follow any of the mountain's five ridges, or the ridges of its neighbours, as well as some of the gills and shoulders on the west side of the range. Walkers can choose between many routes.

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The east ridge is another sharp arête known as Striding Edge. This joins the summit ridge at its southern end, not far from Helvellyn's summit. It passes over the subsidiary top of High Spying How and leads to

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to its north to serve the needs of the Helvellyn Mine further down. This leat has now fallen into disuse. The gill it led to is not named on any map, but some authors have referred to it as Mines Gill.

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Red Tarn, enclosed between Striding Edge and Swirral Edge, is about 25 m (82 ft) deep, but in the mid-nineteenth century a dam was built to increase its capacity and supply the needs of the

123: 1849:, in which the individual pieces of semi-molten lava were flattened under the weight of deposits above them. Contemporaneous movement on the caldera's boundary fault has produced a thick deposit of 2009:) rather than any help with the etymology. Various attempts to interpret the name have been made in the past. Some, led by the present spelling, possibly wrongly thought the final syllable was the 1292:

Helvellyn may be included in a traverse of the full length of the Helvellyn range in either direction, but with a greater sense of climax when starting from the north. Most of the ridge track is a

2152:, a dialect variation of "swirl" has two possible explanations. It can be used to mean "giddiness, vertigo", but it can also be used of a place in the mountains where wind or snow swirls around. 1203: mi) follows Greenside Road, past the old lead mine and towards Keppel Cove. This track, another old pony track, then zigzags up the fellside to join the main ridge path at the col between 1878:

The highest surviving rocks on Helvellyn, found on the summit plateaux of Helvellyn itself and of Nethermost Pike, and along the crest of Striding Edge, are the volcaniclastic sandstones of the

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Striding Edge is a notorious accident spot among hikers and scramblers. In winter conditions the climb from Striding Edge up to the summit plateau can involve crossing steep icy ground and a

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Red Tarn, a classic corrie tarn, is a high-elevation tarn with low nutrient levels and poor in the number of species it supports. Characteristic vegetation zones include a water-starwort (

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A panoramic view of Helvellyn with Striding Edge on the left, the steep scramble to the summit, the summit ridge with the small summit knoll, and the descent to Swirral Edge on the right.

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in a challenging six-hour circular route of 16 miles (26 kilometres) off-road and 10 miles (16 kilometres) on-road riding. This may begin (and finish) at Mill Bridge near Grasmere.

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have walked over all parts of Helvellyn in the course of their work. It is only since the late eighteenth century that people have visited the mountain for pleasure or recreation.

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along the west side of the mountain. Two of these may be combined to create a circular walk. Incorporating the south ridge in the route can restore much of the scenic interest.

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Browncove Crags on the western side of the mountain has some north-facing routes. These are easier to access from a car park, and they can be linked with the Red Tarn routes.

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Recent place-name studies have accepted the "yellow moorland" derivation, but have struggled to understand how Helvellyn can be regarded as a yellow mountain. Colour, in the

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was high up at the head of Brown Cove, where some disused oil heaps remain, with a couple of levels, one of which ran about 70 m (80 yd) into the mountainside.

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the main Helvellyn massif. Reaching the summit plateau involves a steep walk or scramble up about 80 m (260 ft) of rough rocky terrain, known as The Abyss by

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may be either "The precipitous ridge that causes giddiness" or "The precipitous ridge where the wind or snow swirls around." An edge is a steep escarpment, as above.

3284: 1096:, author of a popular series of mountain guide books between 1940 and the late 1960s. From the top of this climb the summit is only 200 m (220 yd) away. 3917: 3314: 2106:, both of which appear pale and bleached in winter. These grasses are common on the Helvellyn range, in an area where transhumance also used to be practiced. 1714:

Grassland on the Helvellyn range has been heavily overgrazed for many years, yet it supports a diversity of acid grassland species including sheep's fescue (

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grassland at high elevations in the Helvellyn range. A name describing the mountain as "pale yellow moorland" is therefore meaningful in a Celtic context.

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photograph appear on Weatherline, the Lake District weather forecast website and phone line service, which also includes a local weather forecast from the

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at Legburthwaite is the starting point for the bridleway to Sticks Pass, from which Helvellyn can be approached along the main ridge track from the north.

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In 1926 a small aeroplane landed on the summit plateau of Helvellyn and took off again. The plane was an Avro 585 Gosport, a two-seater biplane flown by

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This has often been tolerated so long as people have camped unobtrusively, for no more than one night, and have left no trace of their campsite behind.

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did a lot of fellwalking during the years when he lived near Keswick. In August 1800, barely a month after moving there, he went to visit his friends

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Routes up Helvellyn can begin from the villages of Glenridding or Patterdale to the east, Grasmere to the south, or from a number of places along the

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North of Mines Gill are the Helvellyn Screes, a more craggy stretch of hillside, beneath the north-west ridge, with a loose scree covering in places.

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for their livelihood gained the ability to assess the nutritional value of upland grasses from a distance before moving their stock to a summer

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Route, originally marked by stones painted white, crosses the fellside at a lower level and fords Helvellyn Gill to join the path from Swirls.

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lay along the Helvellyn Ridge; this meant that the summit of Helvellyn was the highest point in Westmorland, making it a Historic County Top.

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Since early 2018 the summit of Helvellyn including both Striding and Swirral Edges and the wider Glenridding Common have been managed by the

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However, traversing the mountain is not without dangers; over the last two hundred years there have been a number of fatalities. The artist

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The narrow leat which once diverted water from Brownrigg Well into the gill beside the mine may also be seen, much higher up the fellside.

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A further fatality on Striding Edge in 1858 is commemorated by the Dixon Memorial. Robert Dixon from Patterdale was killed while following

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lobes and sheets on the summit ridge of Helvellyn. These are one reason why the area was included in the Helvellyn & Fairfield SSSI.

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plants have survived in favourable spots on rock ledges high in the eastern coves. Rare to Britain species of alpine butterfly, the

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The eastern side of Helvellyn: Looking down onto Red Tarn from Striding Edge, with the summit of Helvellyn and Swirral Edge beyond

2695: 1997:. The earliest known record of the name dates from 1577, but early records are spelling variations of the modern name (such as 1219:

Grisedale Tarn is the starting point for the south ridge of Helvellyn, and may be reached from Grasmere or Patterdale, or from

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both painted it. A memorial stone to Gough was erected on Helvellyn in 1890 and quotes part of Wordsworth's poem "Fidelity".

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Shorter and quicker routes to the top of Helvellyn, though with less attractive scenery, begin from several points along the

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Higher still on Helvellyn, as well as in the coves to the east and covering Swirral Edge and Catstye Cam, are rocks of the

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Helvellyn can also be included in a circular walk from Patterdale: up Striding Edge, down to Grisedale Tarn and back over

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Paul Robinson fell 650ft from Helvellyn he shared his remarkable story of being saved by @patterdaleMRT #HeartNews

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A ground party had cleared and marked a landing strip. Attempts on 15 December and on 21 December were abandoned.

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Pieces of lapilli-tuff from the Helvellyn Tuff Formation, found on Catstye Cam, showing dark-coloured, flattened

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between Thirlmere and the Derwent river system to the west, and Ullswater and the Eden river system to the east.

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Nethermost Cove also has some routes, including a large gully between Striding Edge and the back of the cove.

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of an ancient volcano, many of them in violently explosive eruptions, about 450 million years ago during the

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Helvellyn Gill and Browncove Crags (with Raise and White Side beyond), seen from Fisher Crag above Thirlmere

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A short period of glacial conditions returned between 12,650 and 11,550 years BP, known in Britain as the

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The western side of Helvellyn: Helvellyn Screes and Whelp Side seen over Thirlmere from the Wythburn Fells

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Poets and artists were among the early visitors to Helvellyn at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

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which joins the summit ridge at a point half-way along, and which terminates in the shapely pyramid of

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Glacial conditions ended suddenly, 11,550 years BP, when the Gulf Stream current was re-established.

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above the Helvellyn Screes and on Browncove Crags. The Thirlmere Member is overlain by a deposit of

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A stone tablet on Helvellyn, 40 yards (37 m) south of the shelter, commemorates this landing.

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near Glenridding. That dam has now gone and the tarn has returned to its natural size. It contains

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Finely laminated sandstone of the Deepdale Sandstone Formation, found near the summit of Helvellyn

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mosses are common. Less common are basic flushes, which support a greater diversity of species.

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Two unsuccessful attempts to find lead ore in economic quantities on Helvellyn have been made.

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Helvellyn lies within a geological structure which is interpreted as evidence of a volcanic

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The three coves to the east of Helvellyn are all important sites for remnant populations of

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This caldera was formed by an eruption of exceptional magnitude which produced a series of

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The summit and the eastern side of the mountain are part of the Helvellyn & Fairfield

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The view from the top on a clear day extends across the whole of the Lake District to the

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The north ridge, the main ridge of the range, also descends from Lower Man, passing over

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beneath the volcano and led to the collapse of the overlying rocks to form the caldera.

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A total of five ridges diverge from the summit ridge of Helvellyn at different points.

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In January 2018 Helvellyn was named 'Britain's Best Walk' in an ITV show presented by

5344: 5178: 5086: 5023: 4978: 4932: 4723: 4703: 4641: 4576: 4566: 4546: 4526: 4521: 4385: 4185: 4135: 4033: 3708: 1914: 1830: 1716: 1641: 1500: 1297: 1220: 1112:

the Saturday and helped rescue a seriously injured walker and his dog on the Sunday.

1093: 609: 552: 509: 469: 446: 351: 347: 309: 3993: 5271: 5228: 5188: 4952: 4922: 4493: 4488: 4453: 4289: 4284: 4180: 4028: 3978: 3874: 3719: 2131: 2087: 1942: 1937:

processes in seasonal freeze-thaw conditions, both present and past, have produced

1597: 1540: 1496: 1384: 1100: 473: 95: 4314: 4100: 2257:

No map, not even the Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map, gives a name to this gill

2061:) has been used to describe a portion of mountain from which sheep are collected. 639:, a species of whitefish found in only four bodies of water in the Lake District. 5233: 5198: 5106: 5101: 5048: 5003: 4927: 4882: 4809: 4799: 4733: 4728: 4698: 4621: 4601: 4596: 4541: 4531: 4478: 4349: 4165: 4160: 4105: 4053: 4038: 4013: 3859: 3834: 3739: 3734: 1918: 1704: 1692: 1677: 1609: 1566: 1485: 1388: 1138: 909: 742: 700: 689: 677: 632: 4652: 1356: 581:, each backed by high cliffs, are separated by two spectacular sharp ridges or 5213: 5183: 5122: 5096: 5068: 5038: 5033: 4917: 4897: 4819: 4789: 4763: 4631: 4468: 4339: 4329: 4299: 4253: 4223: 4125: 4069: 3889: 3854: 3804: 3779: 3769: 2142:. It is possible that "Striding Edge" has replaced an earlier name, now lost. 2114:

specifically notes a possible connection between areas of late snow cover and

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walls surrounding the valleys of Glenridding and Grisedale to the east, is

4743: 3199:

Aeronautical History of the Cumbria, Dumfries and Galloway Region: 1915–30

2017:, "lake" which has various historic spellings including 'lin' and 'lynn'. 1930:

formed where the rock was eroded on both sides between adjacent glaciers.

1034:

The whole of Helvellyn, above the conifer plantations to the west and the

5193: 5162: 5127: 5063: 4962: 4804: 4718: 4636: 4616: 4606: 4571: 4551: 4425: 4043: 3968: 3958: 3839: 3829: 2992: 2966: 2915: 2091: 1957:

Remains of a building at Helvellyn Mine, with spoil heaps beyond the gill

1927: 1737: 1414: 1392: 1108: 1081: 696: 586: 582: 54: 1726:) on the middle slopes, and fescue-bent swards on the lower slopes. The 1690:

in deeper water and around the inlet. Other species include a pondweed (

1035: 548:

these rocks were carved by glaciers to create the landforms seen today.

4773: 4586: 4473: 4463: 4400: 4365: 4304: 3963: 1903: 1850: 1842: 1791: 1764: 1708: 1466: 1365: 1336: 1104: 636: 545: 537: 508:, a wild places conservation charity under a three-year lease with the 477: 332: 313: 273: 2940: 2168: 5142: 4758: 4556: 4018: 3988: 3438:

Geology of the Keswick District (Sheet Explanation of BGS Sheet E029)

1979: 1923: 1698: 1535:

Monument on Helvellyn commemorating the first aeroplane landing there

718:

The south ridge continues the main ridge of the Helvellyn range over

578: 566: 481: 70: 1461:, taking a route over Helvellyn and arriving at ten in the evening. 711:

before descending to its final top, Keldas, beside the south end of

536:

The volcanic rocks of which the mountain is made were formed in the

472:, and access to Helvellyn is easier than to the two higher peaks of 2725: 1730:

grasslands are the haunt of the scarce mountain ringlet butterfly (

5137: 2063: 1952: 1826: 1770: 1758: 1580: 1530: 1427: 1355: 1335:. The fell top assessors also put their assessments and photos on 1243: 1064: 650: 592:

Like much of the main ridge of the range, Helvellyn stands on the

527: 519: 2384: 1696:) which grows in 2–3 m (7–10 ft) of water and the rush 620:

The deep coves on the rocky eastern side of Helvellyn drain into

2110:

in particular is an unpalatable and unproductive grass, and the

1982:

came out of the mine; probably insufficient to cover its costs.

1682: 1544: 1380:, slightly lower than the summit at 949 m (3,114 ft). 605: 468:

Helvellyn is the third-highest point both in England and in the

4656: 3913: 3678: 2863:

A Survey of the Lakes of Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire

3575:

A Dictionary of the Welsh Language, University of Wales, 2017.

1825:

in the Lake District. The eruption of such a huge quantity of

1360:

The top of Helvellyn, looking north-west from the summit cairn

1103:, and can be the most dangerous part of the walk. Without an 655:

Sketch map of the topography of Helvellyn, with access routes

608:

was constructed to direct the water of this spring into the

1864:

Above these ignimbrites are found sedimentary rocks of the

1631:) are frequently encountered. At one time eagles (probably 1069:

Looking down onto Striding Edge and towards High Spying How

417: 405: 3630:. Lancaster: The Centre for North-West Regional Studies. 423: 551:

Since the end of the last ice age, small populations of

1189:

a similar long but safe and easy walk (11.5 km or

695:

The north-east ridge is known as Swirral Edge, a sharp

3571: 3569: 2021:

in 1988 proposed a Celtic derivation from the deduced

1898:(BP), the whole of northern England was covered by an 426: 1387:

and hills of south-west Scotland to the north-west,

420: 414: 408: 5290: 5257: 5171: 5115: 5077: 4971: 4873: 4782: 4751: 4691: 4512: 4434: 4358: 4272: 4194: 4083: 3951: 3552:. Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria: Hayloft Publishing Ltd. 2274:(3rd ed.). Clapham, near Lancaster: Dalesman. 1601:), which has now become common. Peregrine falcons ( 1595:

Mountain birds around Helvellyn include the raven (

752: 411: 402: 371: 357: 339: 328: 199: 189: 181: 176: 137: 101: 89: 79: 69: 64: 41: 3285:"Information for Helvellyn and Fairfield – Unit 8" 2892:Dorothy Wordsworth's illustrated Lakeland journals 1817:). This succession of ignimbrites is known as the 1364:The summit of Helvellyn takes the form of a broad 453:, a north–south line of mountains to the north of 1711:, a species of whitefish, are found in the tarn. 1619:) have all bred in the immediate area. Skylarks ( 1491:An early casualty of the mountain was the artist 3654:A guide for climbing Helvellyn via Striding Edge 2789:(5th ed.). Keswick, Cumberland. p. 113 1591:) an alpine species which survives on Helvellyn 1224:crags as closely as possible, over the tops of 1164:a long but safe and easy walk (11.5 km or 577:, while on the eastern side three deep glacial 1798:which sweep eastwards to encompass Helvellyn, 4668: 3925: 3690: 3273:(5th ed.). Kendal: Hudson and Nicholson. 3019:"The Romantics and the myth of Charles Gough" 2916:"William Wordsworth, Complete Poetical Works" 2573:(revised ed.). London: Frances Lincoln. 8: 3945:mountains of Britain and Ireland (the P600s) 3605:. Dunbeath, Caithness: Whittles Publishing. 3180:"First Aircraft landing on a mountain in GB" 2866:. Penrith, Cumberland and London. p. 31 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3046:Description of Scenery in the Lake District 2033:, the Cumbric equivalent of the Welsh word 1779:All the rocks of Helvellyn are part of the 57:(centre) is flanked by Striding Edge (left) 4675: 4661: 4653: 3932: 3918: 3910: 3697: 3683: 3675: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3522:. Nottingham: English Place-Name Society. 3481:"Helvellyn with Ghosts (1. Wythburn Mine)" 3354:. Nottingham: British Geological Society. 3352:British Regional Geology: Northern England 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2406:"ITV's Britain's Favourite Walks: Top 100" 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 480:. The scenery includes three deep glacial 38: 3596: 3594: 3520:A Dictionary of Lake District Place-Names 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3270:A Guide through the District of the Lakes 2778: 2776: 2488:"Tributes to 300 ft fall walker Sid" 1902:. Helvellyn was one of a small number of 1672:has introduced a recovery plan for them. 3449: 3447: 3440:. Nottingham: British Geological Survey. 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3232:"Helvellyn and Fairfield citation sheet" 3201:. Penrith, Cumbria: St Patrick's Press. 3049:(3rd ed.). London: Charles Thurnham 2786:Concise Description of the English Lakes 2564: 2562: 2560: 2362:Concise Description of the English Lakes 1894:, which occurred 28,000 to 14,700 years 278:Show map of the former Allerdale Borough 3415:or on the BGS's iGeology smartphone app 3139:. Windermere, Westmorland: John Garnett 3094:. Windermere, Westmorland: John Garnett 2354: 2352: 2233:A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2160: 1787:period, roughly 450 million years ago. 1557:On 22 December Hinkler, accompanied by 1076:is a popular route which involves some 3584:Peter Drummond, cited in John Murray, 3160: 3150: 3115: 3105: 3070: 3060: 2265: 2263: 1644:plants. Species such as downy willow ( 1369: 3136:A Complete Guide to the English Lakes 3091:A Complete Guide to the English Lakes 2439:(ninth ed.). London: Constable. 2385:"Database of British and Irish Hills" 2198:Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 Explorer map 1296:and so the route can be completed by 585:. The middle of these coves contains 565:, some with deposits of the lead ore 559:, also live on and around Helvellyn. 27:Mountain in the English Lake District 7: 1926:with steep headwalls, and the sharp 1794:. This is a semi-circular series of 1179: 318:Show map of the former Eden District 53:Helvellyn from the air in December. 3384:"1:50,000 Geological Maps" (Map). 2461:"Walkers warned after fells deaths" 2365:(5th ed.). Keswick, Cumberland 1745:Site of Special Scientific Interest 737:The former county boundary between 5376:Highest points of English counties 5336:List of fells in the Lake District 5331:List of hills in the Lake District 2941:"The Poetical Works of John Keats" 1499:both wrote poems about the scene; 754:Helvellyn and its subsidiary tops 25: 3315:"Helvellyn and Faifield site map" 1720:) on the summit ridge, matgrass ( 1280:Several possible routes begin at 295: 255: 219: 4742: 4074: 4068: 4062: 3901:Full list of Wainwrights by area 3456:Mines of the Lake District Fells 3017:Jonathan Jones (15 March 2003). 1547:, the plane's manufacturers, at 1117: 398: 294: 287: 254: 247: 218: 211: 47: 1906:which protruded above the ice. 1821:, the most widespread volcanic 445:) is a mountain in the English 5381:Mountains and hills of Cumbria 3350:P. Stone; et al. (2010). 2310:. Milnthorpe: Cicerone Press. 1543:, a test pilot who worked for 1156:Other approaches from the east 1: 3658:Helvellyn Summit Panoramas – 1681:) in shallower areas and the 1471:Inmate of a mountain dwelling 600:directed into the reservoir. 238:Show map of the Lake District 3267:William Wordsworth (1835) . 2620:"Nethermost Cove (Lad Crag)" 2486:Ross Brewster (7 May 2008). 1880:Deepdale Sandstone Formation 1866:Esk Pike Sandstone Formation 1819:Lincomb Tarns Tuff Formation 510:Lake District Park Authority 30:For the opera set here, see 5386:Mountains under 1000 metres 5172:8. Southern Yorkshire Dales 5116:7. Northern Yorkshire Dales 3407:"Geology of Britain viewer" 3386:Sheet E029, Keswick (Solid) 2890:Dorothy Wordsworth (1991). 2755:Lake District National Park 2518:"Patrick relay winter 2017" 2335:. Keswick: Lakeland Manor. 2272:Mining in the Lake Counties 2237:. London: Frances Lincoln. 2041:is a Welsh word meaning to 1978:Only a few hundred tons of 1841:here is the densely welded 449:, the highest point of the 234:Lake District National Park 5412: 5351:Fells of the Lake District 4740: 3626:Geoffrey Halliday (1997). 3133:Harriet Martineau (1855). 3088:Harriet Martineau (1855). 2138:. A map of 1823 called it 1016:311 m (1,020 ft) 984:718 m (2,356 ft) 957:863 m (2,831 ft) 921:890 m (2,920 ft) 891:333 m (1,093 ft) 869:859 m (2,818 ft) 841:925 m (3,035 ft) 796:712 m (2,336 ft) 793:950 m (3,120 ft) 437: 85:712 m (2,336 ft) 75:950 metres (3,116 ft) 29: 4310:Ben Vorlich (Loch Lomond) 4060: 3898: 3715: 3550:Lake District Place Names 3411:British Geological Survey 3390:British Geological Survey 2894:. London: HarperCollins. 2700:Lake District Weatherline 2235:Book 1: The Eastern Fells 1892:Late Devensian glaciation 1781:Borrowdale Volcanic Group 204: 46: 2783:Jonathan Otley (1834) . 2359:Jonathan Otley (1834) . 2333:Exploring Lakeland Tarns 1873:Helvellyn Tuff Formation 894:136 m (446 ft) 773:(height and prominence) 544:period. During the last 4371:Beinn Mhòr (South Uist) 4345:Ben Vorlich (Loch Earn) 4273:Southern Highlands (15) 3952:Northern Highlands (20) 3735:Catstycam (Catstye Cam) 3548:Robert Gambles (2013). 3485:Because they’re there … 3479:Alen McFadzean (2010). 3436:D. G. Woodhall (2000). 3404:– may be viewed on the 2306:Mark Richards (2008) . 2073:, a pale-coloured grass 1662:), alpine meadowgrass ( 1484:in 1842, an example of 1447:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1019:35 m (115 ft) 924:63 m (207 ft) 487:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 457:, between the lakes of 4437:England and Wales (13) 4335:Ben More (Crianlarich) 4151:Sròn a' Choire Ghairbh 4091:Sgùrr a' Choire Ghlais 4084:Western Highlands (20) 3319:Defra.gov.uk MAGIC map 3195:which cites the book: 3043:William Ford (1843) . 2860:James Clarke (1789) . 2834:Jonathan de Ferranti. 2808:Jonathan de Ferranti. 2571:On High Lakeland Fells 2230:(2003) . "Helvellyn". 2074: 1958: 1913:(and elsewhere as the 1776: 1768: 1592: 1536: 1482:Benjamin Robert Haydon 1442: 1440:Benjamin Robert Haydon 1361: 1249: 1240:The western approaches 1070: 960:28 m (92 ft) 872:3 m (9.8 ft) 844:18 m (59 ft) 658: 533: 525: 161:54.527232°N 3.016054°W 5291:10. Forest of Bowland 5219:Great Knoutberry Hill 4515:Northern Ireland (25) 3518:Diana Whaley (2006). 3458:. Skipton: Dalesman. 3197:Peter Connon (1984). 3178:flipflopnick (2008). 2435:W A Poucher (1983) . 2067: 1956: 1774: 1762: 1656:), alpine mouse-ear ( 1584: 1534: 1469:. Wordsworth's poem, 1431: 1359: 1247: 1068: 987:9 m (30 ft) 654: 531: 523: 5258:9. North York Moors 4752:2. Northern Lakeland 4513:Republic of Ireland, 4024:Sgùrr Mòr (Fannichs) 3603:The Gaelic Landscape 3601:John Murray (2014). 3586:The Gaelic Landscape 2965:William Wordsworth. 2840:Viewfinder Panoramas 2814:Viewfinder Panoramas 2726:"Fell Top Assessors" 2671:"Fell Top Assessors" 2270:W. T. Shaw (1975) . 2103:Deschampsia flexuosa 2057:(historically spelt 1939:sorted stone stripes 1563:Lancashire Aero Club 778:(authors' listings) 443:pale yellow moorland 185:Pale yellow moorland 166:54.527232; -3.016054 5361:Marilyns of England 5148:Nine Standards Rigg 4972:5. Eastern Lakeland 4783:3. Western Lakeland 4686:of Northern England 4612:Binn idir an Dá Log 4295:Beinn a' Chreachain 4195:Central and Eastern 4171:Sgùrr Ghiubhsachain 3454:John Adams (1995). 2569:Bob Allen (2005) . 2492:The Cumberland News 1917:stadial), when the 1911:Loch Lomond Stadial 1650:), mountain avens ( 1613:) and ring ouzels ( 1561:, president of the 816:Historic County Top 755: 308:Location bordering 268:Location bordering 182:English translation 157: / 124:Historic County Top 5366:Hewitts of England 5267:Bishop Wilton Wold 5133:Great Shunner Fell 4435:Scottish Lowlands, 4325:Beinn Mhòr (Cowal) 4234:Sgor nam Fiannaidh 4121:Sgùrr a' Mhaoraich 3669:Walks up Helvellyn 3628:A Flora of Cumbria 2991:Sir Walter Scott. 2696:"Weatherline FAQs" 2437:The Lakeland Peaks 2331:Don Blair (2003). 2308:Near Eastern Fells 2075: 2037:meaning "yellow." 2029:, "moorland", and 1959: 1777: 1769: 1593: 1549:Woodford Aerodrome 1537: 1455:Dorothy Wordsworth 1443: 1362: 1326:Fell top assessors 1250: 1071: 1061:The eastern ridges 753: 659: 534: 526: 491:William Wordsworth 65:Highest point 5326: 5325: 5078:6. North Pennines 5019:Hutton Roof Crags 4876:Southern Lakeland 4692:1. Northumberland 4650: 4649: 4396:Sgùrr na Coinnich 4391:Beinn na Caillich 4280:Meall a' Bhuiridh 4239:Beinn a' Bheithir 4214:Stob Coire Easain 4131:Sgùrr nan Eugallt 3907: 3906: 3810:High Hartsop Dodd 3795:Hartsop above How 3671:on Mud and Routes 3612:978-1-84995-100-5 3559:978-1-904524-92-2 3361:978-0-85272-652-5 3208:978-0-9508287-1-8 2836:"Helvellyn South" 2810:"Helvellyn North" 2706:on 11 August 2014 2645:"Browncove Crags" 2467:. 14 January 2008 2317:978-1-85284-541-4 2228:Alfred Wainwright 2171:. John Muir Trust 1859:Raise Beck Member 1811:pyroclastic flows 1659:Cerastium alpinum 1634:Aquila chrysaetos 1628:Oenanthe oenanthe 1625:) and wheatears ( 1551:near Manchester. 1527:Aeroplane landing 1513:Harriet Martineau 1027: 1026: 441: 391: 390: 32:Helvellyn (opera) 16:(Redirected from 5403: 5029:Little Mell Fell 4893:Coniston Old Man 4746: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4654: 4484:Carnedd Llewelyn 4320:Beinn an Lochain 4176:Sgùrr Dhòmhnuill 4096:Sgùrr na Lapaich 4078: 4072: 4066: 3999:Ben More Coigach 3934: 3927: 3920: 3911: 3825:Little Mell Fell 3820:Little Hart Crag 3760:Glenridding Dodd 3745:Dollywaggon Pike 3699: 3692: 3685: 3676: 3642: 3641: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3598: 3589: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3564: 3563: 3545: 3534: 3533: 3515: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3451: 3442: 3441: 3433: 3416: 3414: 3403: 3381: 3366: 3365: 3347: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3295:on 8 August 2014 3291:. Archived from 3281: 3275: 3274: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3247: 3241:. Archived from 3236: 3228: 3213: 3212: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3117: 3113: 3111: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2887: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2780: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2757:. Archived from 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2702:. Archived from 2692: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2675:Where2walk.co.uk 2669:Jonathan Smith. 2666: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2595:"Helvellyn Area" 2591: 2585: 2584: 2566: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2494:. Archived from 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2432: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2303: 2286: 2285: 2267: 2258: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2224: 2199: 2196: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2165: 2112:Flora of Cumbria 2079:Celtic languages 1847:Thirlmere Member 1687:Nitella flexilis 1653:Dryas octopetala 1616:Turdus torquatus 1604:Falco peregrinus 1588:Dryas octopetala 1585:Mountain avens ( 1488:in portraiture. 1202: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1121: 1013: 981: 954: 918: 888: 866: 838: 790: 756: 730:to terminate at 688:to terminate at 657:Click to enlarge 573:steeply down to 557:mountain ringlet 435: 433: 432: 429: 428: 425: 422: 419: 416: 413: 410: 407: 404: 367: 343: 319: 298: 297: 291: 279: 258: 257: 251: 239: 232:Location in the 222: 221: 215: 190:Language of name 172: 171: 169: 168: 167: 162: 158: 155: 154: 153: 150: 59:and Swirral Edge 51: 39: 21: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5400: 5341: 5340: 5327: 5322: 5303:Fair Snape Fell 5286: 5277:Gisborough Moor 5259: 5253: 5224:Great Whernside 5167: 5111: 5079: 5073: 5054:Stony Cove Pike 4994:Great Mell Fell 4989:Grayrigg Forest 4967: 4875: 4874:4. Central and 4869: 4778: 4747: 4738: 4687: 4681: 4651: 4646: 4514: 4508: 4436: 4430: 4411:Dùn da Ghaoithe 4406:Ben More (Mull) 4354: 4268: 4249:Bidean nam Bian 4196: 4190: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4058: 3984:Ben More Assynt 3947: 3938: 3908: 3903: 3894: 3845:Nethermost Pike 3775:Great Mell Fell 3711: 3703: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3613: 3600: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3547: 3546: 3537: 3530: 3517: 3516: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3435: 3434: 3419: 3405: 3400: 3383: 3382: 3369: 3362: 3349: 3348: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3289:Natural England 3283: 3282: 3278: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3249: 3248:on 3 March 2016 3245: 3239:Natural England 3234: 3230: 3229: 3216: 3209: 3196: 3188: 3186: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3159: 3149: 3142: 3140: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3114: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3069: 3059: 3052: 3050: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2889: 2888: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2782: 2781: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2679: 2677: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2568: 2567: 2558: 2549: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2501: 2499: 2498:on 25 July 2014 2485: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2434: 2433: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2368: 2366: 2358: 2357: 2350: 2343: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2318: 2305: 2304: 2289: 2282: 2269: 2268: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2226: 2225: 2202: 2197: 2184: 2174: 2172: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2083:Scottish Gaelic 1992: 1965:Brown Cove Mine 1951: 1888: 1857:sandstone, the 1802:, Deepdale and 1757: 1749:Natural England 1733:Erebia epiphron 1670:Natural England 1622:Alauda arvensis 1579: 1559:John F. Leeming 1529: 1411: 1406: 1375:Ordnance Survey 1354: 1345: 1328: 1313: 1311:Climbing routes 1290: 1282:Wythburn church 1242: 1234:Nethermost Pike 1226:Dollywagon Pike 1217: 1215:The south ridge 1199: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1180:The south ridge 1174: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1158: 1149:Nethermost Pike 1131: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1122: 1063: 1032: 1009: 977: 950: 947:High Spying How 914: 884: 862: 859:Browncove Crags 834: 786: 777: 772: 762:Grid reference 751: 749:Subsidiary tops 728:Dollywagon Pike 720:Nethermost Pike 656: 649: 518: 506:John Muir Trust 451:Helvellyn range 401: 397: 363: 341: 324: 323: 322: 321: 320: 317: 316: 306: 305: 304: 303: 299: 282: 281: 280: 277: 276: 266: 265: 264: 263: 259: 242: 241: 240: 237: 236: 230: 229: 228: 227: 223: 165: 163: 159: 156: 151: 148: 146: 144: 143: 60: 58: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5409: 5407: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5308:Longridge Fell 5305: 5300: 5298:Easington Fell 5294: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5239:Rombald's Moor 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5209:Fountains Fell 5206: 5204:Dodd Fell Hill 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5158:Wild Boar Fell 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5044:St Sunday Crag 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4958:Top o' Selside 4955: 4950: 4948:Pike of Blisco 4945: 4943:Muncaster Fell 4940: 4938:Loughrigg Fell 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4888:Claife Heights 4885: 4879: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4815:Grisedale Pike 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4672: 4665: 4657: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4582:Croagh Patrick 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4562:Mount Leinster 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4518: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4381:Sgùrr Alasdair 4378: 4373: 4368: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4276: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4244:Beinn Sgulaird 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4204:Creag Meagaidh 4200: 4198: 4197:Highlands (13) 4192: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4141:Sgùrr na Cìche 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3914: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3880:Stybarrow Dodd 3877: 3872: 3870:St Sunday Crag 3867: 3865:Sheffield Pike 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3765:Gowbarrow Fell 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3725:Birkhouse Moor 3722: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3704: 3702: 3701: 3694: 3687: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3666: 3656: 3649: 3648:External links 3646: 3644: 3643: 3636: 3618: 3611: 3590: 3577: 3565: 3558: 3535: 3528: 3497: 3471: 3464: 3443: 3417: 3398: 3367: 3360: 3331: 3306: 3276: 3259: 3214: 3207: 3184:waymarking.com 3170: 3125: 3080: 3035: 3009: 2983: 2957: 2932: 2907: 2900: 2877: 2852: 2826: 2800: 2772: 2761:on 2 July 2014 2751:"Wild camping" 2742: 2717: 2687: 2661: 2636: 2611: 2586: 2579: 2556: 2534: 2509: 2478: 2452: 2445: 2422: 2397: 2376: 2348: 2341: 2323: 2316: 2287: 2280: 2259: 2250: 2243: 2200: 2182: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2108:Nardus stricta 2097:Nardus stricta 2070:Nardus stricta 2019:Richard Coates 1991: 1988: 1971:Helvellyn Mine 1950: 1947: 1896:Before Present 1887: 1884: 1855:volcaniclastic 1756: 1753: 1723:Nardus stricta 1647:Salix lapponum 1578: 1575: 1528: 1525: 1523:on the ridge. 1505:Edwin Landseer 1423:Little Ice Age 1413:For centuries 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1353: 1350: 1344: 1341: 1327: 1324: 1312: 1309: 1305:St Sunday Crag 1289: 1286: 1241: 1238: 1216: 1213: 1157: 1154: 1137:the summit of 1124: 1123: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1062: 1059: 1055:Julia Bradbury 1031: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011:NY 38515 16300 1007: 1003: 1002: 993: 988: 985: 982: 979:NY 36342 15975 975: 973:Birkhouse Moor 969: 968: 966: 961: 958: 955: 952:NY 35062 14922 948: 944: 943: 934: 925: 922: 919: 916:NY 34812 15822 912: 906: 905: 900: 895: 892: 889: 886:NY 31378 18719 882: 878: 877: 875: 873: 870: 867: 864:NY 33218 15682 860: 856: 855: 850: 845: 842: 839: 836:NY 33745 15543 832: 828: 827: 818: 797: 794: 791: 788:NY 34246 15110 784: 780: 779: 776:Classification 774: 771:Classification 769: 766: 763: 760: 750: 747: 732:Grisedale Tarn 709:Birkhouse Moor 682:Stybarrow Dodd 648: 645: 629:Greenside Mine 517: 514: 389: 388: 375: 369: 368: 361: 355: 354: 345: 337: 336: 330: 326: 325: 307: 301: 300: 293: 292: 286: 285: 284: 283: 267: 261: 260: 253: 252: 246: 245: 244: 243: 231: 225: 224: 217: 216: 210: 209: 208: 207: 206: 205: 202: 201: 197: 196: 191: 187: 186: 183: 179: 178: 174: 173: 141: 135: 134: 105: 99: 98: 93: 87: 86: 83: 77: 76: 73: 67: 66: 62: 61: 52: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5408: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260:to the Humber 5256: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5179:Aye Gill Pike 5177: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5087:Burnhope Seat 5085: 5084: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5024:Lambrigg Fell 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4979:Arnside Knott 4977: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4933:Lingmoor Fell 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4872: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4724:Shillhope Law 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4704:Housedon Hill 4702: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4685: 4678: 4673: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4643: 4642:Slieve Snaght 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4577:Barrclashcame 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4567:Knockmealdown 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4547:Slieve Donard 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4527:Mount Brandon 4525: 4523: 4522:Carrauntoohil 4520: 4519: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4259:Beinn a' Ghlò 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4186:Creach Bheinn 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4136:Ladhar Bheinn 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4111:Sgùrr Fhuaran 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4034:Beinn Alligin 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3943: 3935: 3930: 3928: 3923: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3902: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3885:Watson's Dodd 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3709:Eastern Fells 3707: 3700: 3695: 3693: 3688: 3686: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3639: 3637:1-86220-020-3 3633: 3629: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3555: 3551: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3529:0-904889-72-6 3525: 3521: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3472: 3467: 3465:0-85206-931-6 3461: 3457: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3408: 3401: 3399:0-7518-3229-4 3395: 3391: 3387: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3277: 3272: 3271: 3263: 3260: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3204: 3200: 3185: 3181: 3174: 3171: 3166: 3154: 3138: 3137: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3109: 3093: 3092: 3084: 3081: 3076: 3064: 3048: 3047: 3039: 3036: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3010: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2984: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2958: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2908: 2903: 2901:0-261-66002-0 2897: 2893: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2865: 2864: 2856: 2853: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2827: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2801: 2788: 2787: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2662: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2587: 2582: 2580:0-7112-2527-3 2576: 2572: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2546: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2482: 2479: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2448: 2446:0-09-465450-6 2442: 2438: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2411: 2410:OS GetOutside 2407: 2401: 2398: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2364: 2363: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2342:0-9543904-1-5 2338: 2334: 2327: 2324: 2319: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281:0-85206-271-0 2277: 2273: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2251: 2246: 2244:0-7112-2227-4 2240: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2141: 2140:Strathon Edge 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128:Striding Edge 2125: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1976: 1975:Wythburn Mine 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1955: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1915:Younger Dryas 1912: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1834: 1832: 1831:magma chamber 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1773: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1717:Festuca ovina 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1642:arctic-alpine 1638: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1607:), buzzards ( 1606: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1533: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1517: 1514: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1501:Francis Danby 1498: 1494: 1493:Charles Gough 1489: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1424: 1418: 1416: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1393:Pennine Hills 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1367: 1358: 1351: 1349: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1298:mountain bike 1295: 1288:Longer routes 1287: 1285: 1283: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1246: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1221:Dunmail Raise 1214: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1163: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1126: 1120: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1094:W. 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