321:
54:
33:
417:. In addition, it provides surplus supply of ATP molecules for increased metabolic activities. During cell division, as the kinetoplast of the host divides so do the bacterium. The host cell controls the number of bacterial division. This coordinated mitosis results in even distribution of one bacterium in each daughter cell.
894:
Motta, Maria
Cristina Machado; Martins, Allan Cezar de Azevedo; de Souza, Silvana Sant'Anna; Catta-Preta, Carolina Moura Costa; Silva, Rosane; Klein, Cecilia Coimbra; de Almeida, Luiz Gonzaga Paula; de Lima Cunha, Oberdan; Ciapina, Luciane Prioli; Brocchi, Marcelo; Colabardini, Ana Cristina (2013).
788:
de Souza, Silvana Sant´Anna; Catta-Preta, Carolina Moura; Alves, João
Marcelo P.; Cavalcanti, Danielle P.; Teixeira, Marta M. G.; Camargo, Erney P.; De Souza, Wanderley; Silva, Rosane; Motta, Maria Cristina M. (2017). Yurchenko, Vyacheslav (ed.).
347:
does not produce some amino acids such as methionine, histidine, and arginine; and vitamins such as thiamin, nicotinamide, and riboflavin. The bacterium provides these nutrients. In addition, it also provides enzymes required by the host for
665:
Brunoro, Giselle V.F.; Menna-Barreto, Rubem F.S.; Garcia-Gomes, Aline S.; Boucinha, Carolina; Lima, Diogo B.; Carvalho, Paulo C.; Teixeira-Ferreira, André; Trugilho, Monique R.O.; Perales, Jonas; Schwämmle, Veit; Catanho, Marcos (2019).
376:. It can not reproduce on its own and relies on signals from the protist's nucleus. Isolated bacteria cannot survive on their own. When the bacteria are removed by antibiotic treatment, the protist survives but can not infect mosquitos.
526:
Teixeira, Marta M.G.; Borghesan, Tarcilla C.; Ferreira, Robson C.; Santos, Marcia A.; Takata, Carmen S.A.; Campaner, Marta; Nunes, Vania L.B.; Milder, Regina V.; de Souza, Wanderley; Camargo, Erney P. (2011).
529:"Phylogenetic Validation of the Genera Angomonas and Strigomonas of Trypanosomatids Harboring Bacterial Endosymbionts with the Description of New Species of Trypanosomatids and of Proteobacterial Symbionts"
472:
Catta-Preta, Carolina M. C.; Brum, Felipe L.; da Silva, Camila C.; Zuma, Aline A.; Elias, Maria C.; de Souza, Wanderley; Schenkman, Sergio; Motta, Maria
Cristina M. (2015).
995:
Loyola-Machado, Ana
Carolina; Azevedo-Martins, Allan Cézar; Catta-Preta, Carolina Moura Costa; de Souza, Wanderley; Galina, Antonio; Motta, Maria Cristina M. (2017).
850:"The presence of a symbiotic bacterium in Strigomonas culicis is related to differential ecto-phosphatase activity and influences the mosquito–protozoa interaction"
1126:
1037:
Brum, Felipe Lopes; Catta-Preta, Carolina Moura Costa; de Souza, Wanderley; Schenkman, Sergio; Elias, Maria
Carolina; Motta, Maria Cristina Machado (2014).
897:"Predicting the proteins of Angomonas deanei, Strigomonas culicis and their respective endosymbionts reveals new aspects of the trypanosomatidae family"
409:
is greatly reduced. It acts as a cell organelle not only by supplying essential enzymes, but also by replacing paraflagellar rod associated to the
312:
bacterium belongs a group of ß-proteobacterium and provides nutrients to the host, in addition to influencing some of the cellular functions.
1167:
791:"Expanded repertoire of kinetoplast associated proteins and unique mitochondrial DNA arrangement of symbiont-bearing trypanosomatids"
265:
in 1907 by
Frederick G. Novy, Ward J. MacNeal, and Harry N. Torreyin 1907. The species name refers to the mosquito genus
328:
with its bacterial symbiont - S (blue in 2 picture) and green indicate the bacterium; K denotes the kinetoplast, and N, the nucleus
668:"Quantitative Proteomic Map of the Trypanosomatid Strigomonas culicis: The Biological Contribution of its Endosymbiotic Bacterium"
1177:
1039:"Structural characterization of the cell division cycle in Strigomonas culicis, an endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatid"
623:"Ultrastructure of symbiotic bacteria in normal and antibiotic-treated Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia oncopelti"
1182:
848:
Catta-Preta, C.M.C.; Nascimento, M.T.C.; Garcia, M.C.F.; Saraiva, E.M.; Motta, M.C.M.; Meyer-Fernandes, J.R. (2013).
53:
1131:
1172:
357:
474:"Endosymbiosis in trypanosomatid protozoa: the bacterium division is controlled during the host cell cycle"
242:
is researched as model organism for the evolution of symbiotic relationsships with intracellular bacteria.
1094:
213:
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396:
128:
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908:
802:
349:
997:"The Symbiotic Bacterium Fuels the Energy Metabolism of the Host Trypanosomatid Strigomonas culicis"
597:
335:
spends its life cycle in mosquitos. It migrates from the mosquito midgut and enter the body cavity (
383:
225:
1074:
849:
734:
695:
667:
528:
166:
48:
271:
in which it was found, although it has been found to also be present in other mosquitos such as
759:"Nutritional Requirements of Blastocrithidia culicis , a Trypanosomatid with an Endosymbiont 1"
320:
1139:
1066:
1016:
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405:. It is enclosed in two layers of cell membranes, and unlike typical bacterial membrane,
1054:
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232:) so that it cannot lead an independent life without the bacteria. Along with
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361:
75:
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291:. Eventually, by microbiological analysis of endosymbiont harboring
442:
436:
319:
273:
267:
16:
Species of parasitic flagellate protist in the
Kinetoplastea class
757:
de
Menezez, Maria Claudia Noronha Dutra; Roitmanz, Isaac (1991).
571:"The infectivity of old cultured strains of mosquito flagellates"
601:
365:
1092:
956:"Endosymbiosis in protozoa of the Trypanosomatidae family"
277:. Another description by F.G. Wallace and A. Johnson as
43:
observed by differential interference contrast (DIC)
1101:
713:Novy, F. G.; MacNeal, W. J.; Torrey, H. N. (1907).
715:"The Trypanosomes of Mosquitoes and Other Insects"
428:can be found in several mosquito genera, such as
752:
750:
748:
228:with the bacteria as a sort of cell organelle (
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562:
467:
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8:
281:, published in 1961 based on specimens from
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31:
20:
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930:
920:
824:
814:
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489:
295:, this species was assigned to the genus
461:
413:, thus, intimately associated with the
854:International Journal for Parasitology
593:Taxonomy browser (Strigomonas culicis)
1032:
1030:
889:
887:
885:
883:
401:is a ß-proteobacterium of the family
287:, was later considered synonymous to
173:
7:
660:
658:
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521:
519:
954:de Souza, W.; Motta, M. C. (1999).
569:Wallace, F.G.; Johnson, A. (1961).
973:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13477.x
775:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb06030.x
639:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03733.x
301:in 2011, bearing the current name
14:
343:. Unlike other trypanosomatids,
52:
719:Journal of Infectious Diseases
224:bacteria. It maintains strict
216:of mosquito, and is in turn a
1:
1043:Microscopy and Microanalysis
1013:10.1016/j.protis.2017.02.001
922:10.1371/journal.pone.0060209
866:10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.02.005
816:10.1371/journal.pone.0187516
684:10.1016/j.protis.2019.125698
545:10.1016/j.protis.2011.01.001
358:purine/pyrimidine metabolism
339:) and finally reside in the
763:The Journal of Protozoology
627:The Journal of Protozoology
575:Journal of Insect Pathology
201:is a protist and member of
179:Wallace and Johnson, 1961
1199:
1168:Protists described in 1907
1063:10.1017/S1431927613013925
960:FEMS Microbiology Letters
478:Frontiers in Microbiology
172:
165:
160:
153:
134:
127:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
491:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00520
226:mutualistic relationship
279:Blastocrithidia culicis
253:was first described as
176:Blastocrithidia culicis
731:10.1093/infdis/4.2.223
329:
214:gastrointestinal tract
621:Chang, K. P. (1974).
397:Kinetoplastibacterium
323:
1178:Endosymbiotic events
350:amino acid synthesis
289:Herpetomonas culicis
184:Herpetomonas culicis
1103:Strigomonas culicis
1055:2014MiMic..20..228B
913:2013PLoSO...860209M
807:2017PLoSO..1287516D
426:Strigomonas culicis
384:open reading frames
326:Strigomonas culicis
324:Stages of dividing
198:Strigomonas culicis
161:ATCC12982, TCC043E
138:Strigomonas culicis
41:Strigomonas culicis
25:Strigomonas culicis
1183:Euglenozoa species
598:"Taxonomy Browser"
394:The bacterium Ca.
366:haeme biosynthesis
330:
187:Novy et al. 1907
1155:
1154:
1140:Open Tree of Life
1095:Taxon identifiers
382:has about 12,162
370:protein synthesis
210:obligate parasite
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801:(11): e0187516.
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235:Angomonas deanei
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399:blastocrithidii
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374:protein folding
341:salivary glands
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206:trypanosomatids
149:
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120:S. culicis
96:Trypanosomatida
51:
17:
12:
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1049:(1): 228–237.
1026:
1007:(2): 253–269.
987:
946:
879:
860:(7): 571–577.
840:
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769:(2): 122–123.
744:
725:(2): 223–276.
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652:
633:(5): 699–707.
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584:
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539:(3): 503–524.
515:
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449:Coquillettidia
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403:Alcaligenaceae
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407:peptidoglycan
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129:Binomial name
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86:Kinetoplastea
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605:. Retrieved
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284:Aedes vexans
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259:Herpetomonas
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230:endosymbiont
197:
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106:
40:
24:
18:
415:kinetoplast
298:Strigomonas
293:Trypanosoma
255:Trypanosoma
208:. It is an
203:flagellated
155:Type strain
107:Strigomonas
1162:Categories
966:(1): 1–8.
607:2023-12-02
456:References
380:S. culicis
362:urea cycle
345:S. culicis
333:S. culicis
303:S. culicis
251:S. culicis
240:S. culicis
76:Euglenozoa
1118:Q56324252
700:208275170
431:Anopheles
337:haemocoel
222:symbiotic
144:Teixeira
114:Species:
66:Eukaryota
1112:Wikidata
1079:29468549
1071:24397934
1021:28371652
982:10220875
941:23560078
901:PLOS ONE
874:23562935
835:29131838
795:PLOS ONE
739:30072673
692:31760169
581:: 75–80.
553:21420905
510:26082757
390:Symbiont
386:(ORFs).
310:obligate
246:Taxonomy
167:Synonyms
72:Phylum:
62:Domain:
1051:Bibcode
1001:Protist
932:3616161
909:Bibcode
826:5683618
803:Bibcode
672:Protist
647:4217371
533:Protist
501:4451579
484:: 520.
421:Ecology
411:axoneme
316:Biology
263:culicis
212:in the
102:Genus:
92:Order:
82:Class:
1145:202773
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372:, and
148:, 2011
146:et al.
1132:28005
1075:S2CID
735:JSTOR
696:S2CID
591:Page
443:Aedes
437:Culex
354:lipid
274:Aedes
268:Culex
1127:NCBI
1067:PMID
1017:PMID
978:PMID
937:PMID
870:PMID
831:PMID
688:PMID
643:PMID
602:NCBI
549:PMID
506:PMID
446:and
356:and
308:The
218:host
1059:doi
1009:doi
1005:168
968:doi
964:173
927:PMC
917:doi
862:doi
821:PMC
811:doi
771:doi
727:doi
680:doi
676:170
635:doi
595:on
541:doi
537:162
496:PMC
486:doi
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