677:
287:
246:
558:
645:
93:
577:
68:
279:
44:
600:
827:
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There are many reasons for why monogamy is especially popular in bobtail lizards. First, having two long-term pairs enhances parental care as there are two parents to watch after, fend for, and acquire resources for the offspring. Additionally, monogamy makes it easier for males to guard female home
810:
is more common. Females tend to prefer attentive males, and therefore hold the mating choice. Researchers have found that males have to prove themselves to the female by following them around for a couple of weeks before mating, to be selected as a mate. For this reason, females often prefer to stay
538:
These lizards show strong home range site stability for up to several years and often multiple lizards can utilise the same burrow. As conditions become hotter and drier these lizards tend to share the burrows. During the spring time and given an adequate source of food that season and normal mating
798:
Forming monogamous pair bonds is a central facet of the bobtail lizard's life. Their excellent sense of direction allows the male to follow or pursue the female repeatedly, even outside of mating season. When one of the pair is killed, these skinks have even been observed grieving or brooding for
565:
It has a triangular head and a bright blue tongue, inside a bright pink mouth. Its short, stumpy tail is similar in shape to its head. This is probably a defence mechanism to confuse predators although it also stores fat and has led to the common name of "two-headed skink". Unlike many skinks,
893:
is categorised as Least
Concern. They are a protected species in Australia and can only be exported lawfully under a federal permit, but their import into and trade between other countries is not commonly illegal. Its population is stable and for the most part there are no significant threats.
672:
among
Australian enthusiasts. They are relatively docile and easy to feed and maintain. A permit may be required to keep them in some states. Skinks will bite humans if threatened. These bites, although not venomous, will hurt like other animal bites and may cause the affected area to swell or
640:
intruders. They have stable home ranges and can differentiate between individuals through chemical cues. Familial neighbours who share home ranges and burrows do not show aggressive behaviour. However, unfamiliar males will be attacked by other males in occasional agonistic interactions. Scale
854:
Single-unit recordings from the auditory nerve show both spontaneous and nonspontaneous responses. Tuning curves show peak sensitivity between 200 Hz and 4.5 kHz. The absolute sensitivity is quite high, with some thresholds at 6 db sound pressure level, very close to human best
876:
It has been discovered that bobtail lizards maintain the ability to navigate home when displaced from their home range. This remarkable ability is due to visual cues from light polarisation and ferromagnetic detection, forming a sort of "celestial compass" that provides the lizard a sense of
811:
with the same male in future years; they gain the value of consistency and confidence that the male will once again be attentive. Females that switch mate pairs some years have been found doing so when the male was less attentive in the previous year.
526:
The habitat of the species includes shrub lands, eucalyptus forests, desert grasslands, and sandy dunes. They often shelter in the bush under low foliage. Being cold-blooded, these skinks are well known to have a strong preference for
786:
When they are born, the young immediately consume their afterbirth. They stay with their parents for several months before becoming independent, but they remain in close proximity, forming a colony of closely related skinks.
767:
Brood size may be from one to four — more usually two to three — relatively large offspring. The trade-off with small litter size versus large body size increases their survival chances. Females possess a well-developed
851:). These indicate a best hearing range near 1000 Hz. Earlier reports that their hearing sensitivity varied with the season have been shown to be an artefact of the seasonally varying sensitivity to anesthetics.
863:
The sense of smell is crucial for this species avoidance behaviours. Living in bush lands that are so prone to fire means skinks have to easily be able to detect smoke. During studies, it was proven that
790:
The male of a monogamous pair eats less while parenting, remaining alert and ready to give an alarm. They will tail behind the female to protect them from rival males while the female fends for food.
877:
direction when coming back home. However, this ability only persists until about 800 metres out of the home range, and further displacement distances means the skink is too far away to navigate.
818:
Extra-pair fertilisation, although more rare, tends to produce larger broods. However, the trade-off is that the female receives less attention in these setups, hence monogamy is most popular.
625:
As they overlap with human habitation and settlement, they have also been known to eat human food, such as sausage and chicken, as well as fruits such as strawberries, banana and passionfruit.
2080:
736:
tends to gape open its mouth and display its blue tongue, which is often accompanied with intense hissing. Since they have a harsh bite, it is used for defence if interactions worsen.
2324:
584:
The species normally shed their skin as a whole, including the eye covering. This takes up to several hours, during which the lizard rubs against objects to help the process.
1928:"A wake-up call for sleepy lizards: the olfactory-driven response of Tiliqua rugosa (Reptilia: Squamata: Sauria) to smoke and its implications for fire avoidance behavior"
868:
engaged in more active behaviour such as pacing and tongue flicking in the presence of smoke. Scientists have concluded that fires are detected by their olfactory senses.
636:
live a very sedentary lifestyle and generally act peacefully toward other individuals. However, these lizards are territorial and can display agonistic behaviour towards
1311:
1399:
2241:
1612:
1224:
Shea, G. M. (2000). "Die Shark-Bay-Tannenzapfenechse
Tiliqua rugosa palarra subsp. nov.". In Hauschild, A.; Hitz, R.; Henle, K.; Shea, G. M.; Werning, H. (eds.).
2280:
403:
in winter, during which many lizards perform a behaviour similar to hibernation except they require water every day, but can go without food. This skink is an
2053:
411:
and plants and spends much of its time browsing through vegetation for food. In human habitation, it is often seen basking on roadsides or other paved areas.
2411:
831:
1891:
Manley, G.A.; Koeppl, C. & Johnstone, B.M. (1990). "Peripheral auditory processing in the bobtail lizard I Frequency tuning of auditory nerve fibers".
554:
varies from 260 to 310 mm (10 to 12 in), and it is very heavy-bodied for its length. Their eyes are small with a reddish-brown and grey colour.
1114:
622:
has a stronger preference for plants than other blue-tongue skink species. They can easily crush through the shells of snails with their strong jaws.
2370:
2215:
2022:
2431:
2254:
1634:
1856:
Koeppl, C.; Manley, G.A. & Johnstone, B.M. (1990). "Peripheral auditory processing in the bobtail lizard V Seasonal effects of anaesthesia".
2416:
1477:"A mammal tick with a taste for lizard blood: parasitism by the kangaroo soft tick, (Ornithodoros gurneyi) on sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa)"
2076:
1290:
1047:
715:. In the bush habitat in Western Australia, birds of prey like falcons and kookaburras, and large snakes will commonly prey on these skinks.
1590:
1359:
2107:
1166:
676:
573:
The average lifespan for these skinks is 10 to 15 years, but some individuals have been known to live for as much as 50 years in the wild.
1963:
1071:
729:, with claims that it infects the skinks when they spend time under trees or shrubs, where they commonly shelter during hot summer days.
531:
in open areas, and are often seen along roadsides or other cleared areas in its range. On average, individuals have a home range of four
2426:
1656:
Bull, C. Michael; Cooper, Steven J. B.; Baghurst, Ben C. (1998). "Social monogamy and extra-pair fertilisation in an
Australian lizard,
1987:"Strengthening protection of endemic wildlife threatened by the international pet trade: The case of the Australian shingleback lizard"
815:
ranges. In polygamous setups, guarding multiple female ranges against other males proves to be difficult and waste time and resources.
1371:
779:. Pairs have been known to return to each other every year for up to 20 years. The breeding season is from December to April and the
775:
Unlike most other lizards the species tends to be monogamous and tend to re-unite in pairs during
September to November prior to the
1261:
1233:
1453:
1308:
1282:
641:
damaged has allowed for the observation that unpaired males are more likely to display agonistic behaviour towards each other.
2259:
1396:
2436:
487:
2179:
983:
718:
Ticks and nematodes commonly parasitise this species by attaching under scales or in the ear. The kangaroo soft tick,
618:, vegetation and flowers. Since they are slow-moving, they tend to eat other slow moving species. This is perhaps why
459:
340:
591:, with males being stockier than females and having a larger head although females generally grow larger than males.
1140:
2421:
2045:
1559:
2285:
1205:
970:
539:
behaviour, males can often overlap each other's ranges. This can lead to territoriality and agonistic behaviour.
504:
92:
963:
Gray, J.E. (1825). A synopsis of the genera of reptiles and
Amphibia, with a description of some new species.
2388:
1106:
712:
350:
Apart from bobtail and shingleback, a variety of other common names are used in different states, including
843:
Their hearing can be measured at the round window as cochlear microphonics and summating potential (of the
2132:
708:
700:
286:
551:
939:
550:
has a heavily armoured body and can be found in various colours, ranging from dark brown to cream. Its
187:
1630:
1476:
965:
720:
2170:
1333:
Gregory D. Kerr, C. Michael Bull, Exclusive core areas in overlapping ranges of the sleepy lizard,
807:
803:
657:
528:
516:
245:
57:
644:
2014:
1985:
Heinrich, S.; Toomes, A.; Shepherd, C. R.; Stringham, O. C.; Swan, M.; Cassey, P. (5 July 2021).
1955:
1908:
1873:
1821:
Johnstone, J. R. & Johnstone, B. M. (1969). "Unit responses from the lizard auditory nerve".
1768:
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500:
308:
261:
164:
87:
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557:
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2006:
1947:
1838:
1803:
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1606:
1504:
1496:
1445:
1355:
1286:
1257:
1229:
1043:
588:
468:
395:
has a short, wide, stumpy tail that resembles its head and may serve the purpose of confusing
328:
2334:
1397:
Life, death and a sleepy lizard: One researcher's remarkable work on a monogamous blue-tongue
2441:
2319:
1998:
1939:
1900:
1865:
1830:
1795:
1752:
1708:
1669:
1543:
1488:
1435:
934:
758:. Pregnancy and parturition are incredibly taxing on females. Relative clutch mass is 26.8%
754:
meaning that its young are born live rather than being hatched from eggs as with most other
576:
420:
386:
204:
2311:
1786:
Johnstone, J. R. & Johnstone, B. M. (1969). "Electrophysiology of the lizard cochlea".
1375:
2293:
1403:
1315:
916:
776:
695:
520:
512:
477:
1986:
1420:
848:
2184:
1741:"Social monogamy and extra-pair fertilization in an Australian lizard, Tiliqua rugosa"
2405:
2267:
2018:
1959:
1834:
1799:
1516:
1249:
1032:
925:
886:
802:
Social monogamy is beneficial to female bobtail lizards more than males. This is why
432:
77:
72:
1912:
1877:
1772:
1681:
2361:
2207:
278:
2044:
Sanderson, Chris; Lloyd, Ray; Craig, Michael; Gaikhorst, Glen (21 February 2017).
17:
1492:
2228:
2164:
652:
They are floating males and thus wander many home ranges with male inhabitants.
637:
1943:
507:, across the southernmost regions of the country to the coast, then north into
1039:
1034:
Lizards: Windows to the
Evolution of Diversity (Organisms and Environments, 5)
748:
508:
444:
324:
2155:
2010:
1951:
1927:
1764:
1722:
1713:
1696:
1500:
1449:
1440:
1190:
Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the
British Museum
703:; today the potential threats are more likely to come from large, introduced
1581:
Tuesday, 27 February 2007 Jennifer ViegasDiscovery News (27 February 2007).
780:
400:
316:
104:
43:
1739:
Bull, C. Michael; Cooper, Steven J. B.; Baghurst, Ben C. (1 October 1998).
1508:
1475:
Norval, Gerrut; Sharrad, Robert D.; Gardner, Michael G. (2 November 2021).
2298:
1842:
1807:
1756:
1673:
2355:
2194:
2149:
769:
611:
567:
404:
396:
144:
124:
2108:"Fleas and ticks may be creating new sub-species of shingleback lizards"
1740:
1372:"Lizards & Snakes: Alive! | American Museum of Natural History"
1146:
599:
2383:
2375:
2220:
1904:
1869:
1555:
1531:
1277:
Browne-Cooper, Robert; Brian Bush; Brad Maryan; David
Robinson (2007).
844:
826:
615:
532:
374:
134:
2002:
1697:"Enhanced vigilance in monogamous pairs of the lizard, Tiliqua rugosa"
1421:"Enhanced vigilance in monogamous pairs of the lizard, Tiliqua rugosa"
476:: Rottnest Island bobtail or Rottnest Island shingleback –
2233:
755:
114:
2126:
1547:
847:), and compound action potential and single-fibre responses (of the
511:. Four subspecies are found in Western Australia, including one at
399:. The tail also contains fat reserves, which are drawn upon during
825:
751:
704:
690:
675:
643:
598:
575:
556:
408:
285:
277:
154:
1530:
Bull, C. Michael; Pamula, Yvonne; Schulze, Lana (December 1993).
499:
The species is widely distributed in arid to semiarid regions of
435:
claim this species has more common names than any other lizard.
2130:
1926:
Mendyk, Robert W.; Weisse, Adam; Fullerton, Will (1 May 2020).
1228:(in German). Münster: Natur und Tier Verlag. pp. 108–112.
732:
They have many performative defence mechanisms for predators.
669:
915:
Sanderson, C.; Lloyd, R.; Craig, M.; Gaikhorst, G. (2017).
486:: northern bobtail or Shark Bay shingleback –
1226:
Blauzungenskinke. Beiträge zu
Tiliqua und Cyclodomorphus
1309:
Sleepy lizards' monogamous lives tracked by researchers
1192:. London: Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman.
2106:
Lysaght, Gary-Jon; Corvo, Shannon (19 February 2020).
1279:
Reptiles and Frogs in the Bush: Southwestern Australia
898:
located on Rottnest island, is considered Vulnerable.
2046:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Tiliqua rugosa"
1203:
Mertens, R. (1958). "Neue Eidechsen aus Australien".
335:
name is most frequently used. The fourth subspecies,
523:, but does not reach coastal areas in these states.
2345:
2139:
1341:, Volume 17, Issue 3, May/June 2006, Pages 380–391,
940:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T109481513A109481530.en
1532:"Parturition in the Sleepy Lizard, Tiliqua rugosa"
1031:
656:performs almost no parental care, so the observed
503:and western Australia. The range extends from
467:: bobtail or western shingleback –
580:Shed skin, 37 cm long, head on right of image
319:. It is commonly known as the shingleback or
8:
1321:, 26 December 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
832:National Museum of Ireland - Natural History
307:, is a short-tailed, slow-moving species of
1611:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
668:The shingleback skink has become a popular
2127:
1695:Bull, C. M.; Pamula, Y. (1 January 1998).
1256:. Sanibel Island, FL: Ralph Curtis Books.
343:, where it goes by the common name of the
244:
66:
42:
31:
1712:
1624:
1622:
1439:
1409:, 16 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
1352:A complete guide to reptiles of Australia
1030:Pianka, Eric R.; Vitt, Laurie J. (2003).
1025:
1023:
938:
772:with which they feed their unborn young.
725:has been studied as a common parasite of
535:, and can move up to 500 metres per day.
515:. It also lives in the eastern states of
1583:"Lizard suffers world's worst pregnancy"
1159:"Noongar Word List | Kaartdijin Noongar"
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1434:(5). Oxford University Press: 452–455.
907:
1604:
1136:
1134:
1132:
959:
957:
2114:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2056:from the original on 12 December 2023
2025:from the original on 12 December 2023
1966:from the original on 12 December 2023
1734:
1732:
1456:from the original on 10 February 2006
1329:
1327:
1304:
1302:
7:
2389:45CA9BE0-CEBB-4E10-9C99-42AF1AD0126B
1593:from the original on 1 February 2022
1562:from the original on 7 December 2022
1254:Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
689:The species was once preyed upon by
2412:IUCN Red List least concern species
2050:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1745:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1662:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
926:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
458:: eastern shingleback –
419:The species was first described by
2083:from the original on 30 April 2022
2075:Atlas of Living Australia (2015).
1419:C. M. Bull, and Y. Pamula (1998).
1354:. New Holland Publishers, Sydney.
1350:Wilson, S. & Swan, G. (2003).
1169:from the original on 30 March 2021
1074:from the original on 3 August 2023
1042:: University of California Press.
25:
1893:Journal of Comparative Physiology
1858:Journal of Comparative Physiology
1117:from the original on 18 June 2020
1637:from the original on 26 May 2022
830:Tiliqua rugosa 1891 specimen in
660:is only advantageous premating.
91:
1283:University of Western Australia
693:and Australian pythons such as
323:. Three of its four recognised
2432:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
783:period is usually 3–5 months.
1:
2417:Reptiles of Western Australia
1481:Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
1147:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
570:and cannot shed their tails.
299:, most commonly known as the
1835:10.1016/0014-4886(69)90156-3
1800:10.1016/0014-4886(69)90008-9
1493:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101859
1038:. Vol. 5 (1 ed.).
566:shinglebacks do not exhibit
2077:"Atlas of Living Australia"
834:labelled as T. rugosus Gray
377:Aboriginal people refer to
290:Rottnest Island shingleback
2458:
2427:Reptiles described in 1825
1944:10.1007/s10164-019-00628-z
1629:Australian Museum (2020).
933:: e.T109481513A109481530.
614:that eat snails, insects,
451:are currently recognised:
427:. It is now classified as
339:is the only one native to
1206:Senckenbergiana Biologica
1163:www.noongarculture.org.au
982:City of Wanneroo (2009).
764:1.5% that of the mother.
505:Broome, Western Australia
267:
260:
252:
243:
217:
212:
193:
186:
88:Scientific classification
86:
64:
55:
50:
41:
34:
894:However, the subspecies
822:Sensation and perception
495:Distribution and habitat
2347:Trachydosaurus rugosus
1823:Experimental Neurology
1788:Experimental Neurology
1714:10.1093/beheco/9.5.452
1536:Journal of Herpetology
1441:10.1093/beheco/9.5.452
1402:5 January 2020 at the
835:
701:Aboriginal Australians
681:
649:
604:
581:
562:
425:Trachydosaurus rugosus
415:Etymology and taxonomy
291:
283:
270:Trachydosaurus rugosus
1757:10.1007/s002650050515
1674:10.1007/s002650050515
1111:The Australian Museum
829:
679:
647:
602:
587:The species exhibits
579:
560:
289:
281:
1631:"Shingleback Lizard"
1314:17 June 2016 at the
1188:Gray, J. E. (1845).
1107:"Shingleback Lizard"
966:Annals of Philosophy
806:is seldom found but
799:their pair partner.
721:Ornithodoros gurneyi
456:Tiliqua rugosa asper
51:Eastern shingleback
2437:Skinks of Australia
1991:Animal Conservation
1932:Journal of Ethology
1378:on 22 November 2008
1285:Press. p. 99.
984:"Bushland Critters"
881:Conservation status
490:, Western Australia
480:, Western Australia
359:stumpy-tailed skink
345:eastern shingleback
282:Western shingleback
58:Conservation status
1905:10.1007/bf00192409
1870:10.1007/bf00192413
1701:Behavioral Ecology
1428:Behavioral Ecology
1339:Behavioral Ecology
836:
682:
650:
605:
582:
563:
561:Shingleback lizard
309:blue-tongued skink
292:
284:
18:Stump-tailed skink
2422:Pets in Australia
2399:
2398:
2307:Open Tree of Life
2133:Taxon identifiers
2003:10.1111/acv.12721
1292:978-1-920694-74-6
1250:Cogger, Harold G.
1049:978-0-520-23401-7
872:Visual perception
648:Captive specimens
589:sexual dimorphism
552:snout–vent length
484:T. rugosa palarra
469:Western Australia
460:eastern Australia
341:eastern Australia
329:Western Australia
301:shingleback skink
276:
275:
81:
27:Species of lizard
16:(Redirected from
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1374:. Archived from
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912:
707:species such as
699:, as well as by
474:T. rugosa konowi
465:T. rugosa rugosa
421:John Edward Gray
352:two-headed skink
337:T. rugosa asper,
253:Distribution of
248:
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96:
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69:
46:
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2219:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2191:
2183:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2135:
2117:
2115:
2105:
2102:
2100:Further reading
2097:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1548:10.2307/1564848
1529:
1528:
1524:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1404:Wayback Machine
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1349:
1345:
1332:
1325:
1316:Wayback Machine
1307:
1300:
1293:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1139:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1105:
1104:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1029:
1028:
1001:
991:
989:
986:
981:
980:
976:
962:
955:
945:
943:
914:
913:
909:
904:
883:
874:
861:
841:
824:
796:
777:breeding season
742:
696:Morelia spilota
687:
666:
631:
597:
545:
521:New South Wales
513:Rottnest Island
497:
478:Rottnest Island
441:
417:
371:pinecone lizard
208:
201:
195:
182:
90:
82:
71:
67:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2380:
2367:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2329:
2316:
2303:
2290:
2277:
2264:
2251:
2238:
2225:
2212:
2199:
2189:
2185:Tiliqua_rugosa
2176:
2171:Tiliqua rugosa
2161:
2145:
2143:
2141:Tiliqua rugosa
2137:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2067:
2036:
1977:
1938:(2): 161–166.
1918:
1883:
1864:(1): 139–144.
1848:
1829:(4): 528–537.
1813:
1778:
1728:
1707:(5): 452–455.
1687:
1658:Tiliqua rugosa
1648:
1618:
1587:www.abc.net.au
1573:
1522:
1467:
1411:
1389:
1363:
1343:
1335:Tiliqua rugosa
1323:
1298:
1291:
1269:
1262:
1241:
1234:
1216:
1195:
1180:
1150:
1142:Tiliqua rugosa
1128:
1085:
1055:
1048:
999:
974:
953:
919:Tiliqua rugosa
906:
905:
903:
900:
891:Tiliqua rugosa
882:
879:
873:
870:
860:
857:
849:auditory nerve
840:
837:
823:
820:
795:
792:
741:
738:
686:
683:
680:Threat display
665:
662:
630:
627:
596:
593:
548:Tiliqua rugosa
544:
541:
496:
493:
492:
491:
481:
471:
462:
449:Tiliqua rugosa
440:
437:
433:herpetologists
429:Tiliqua rugosa
416:
413:
387:their language
356:stumpy lizard,
305:bobtail lizard
296:Tiliqua rugosa
274:
273:
265:
264:
258:
257:
255:Tiliqua rugosa
250:
249:
241:
240:
239:
238:
233:
228:
223:
215:
214:
210:
209:
202:
197:Tiliqua rugosa
191:
190:
184:
183:
179:T. rugosa
176:
174:
170:
169:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
83:
65:
62:
61:
56:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
36:Tiliqua rugosa
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2454:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:(1): 91–100.
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:(1): 99–109.
1793:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:(1): 101859.
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1360:1 876334 72 X
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1263:0-88359-048-4
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1235:3-931587-33-9
1231:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1209:(in German).
1208:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:"Shingleback"
1059:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
985:
978:
975:
972:
968:
967:
960:
958:
954:
941:
936:
932:
928:
927:
922:
920:
911:
908:
901:
899:
897:
896:T. r. konowi,
892:
888:
887:IUCN Red List
880:
878:
871:
869:
867:
858:
856:
855:sensitivity.
852:
850:
846:
838:
833:
828:
821:
819:
816:
812:
809:
805:
800:
794:Socialisation
793:
791:
788:
784:
782:
778:
773:
771:
765:
763:
762:
757:
753:
750:
746:
739:
737:
735:
730:
728:
724:
722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:
692:
684:
678:
674:
671:
663:
661:
659:
655:
646:
642:
639:
635:
628:
626:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
601:
594:
592:
590:
585:
578:
574:
571:
569:
559:
555:
553:
549:
542:
540:
536:
534:
530:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
489:
485:
482:
479:
475:
472:
470:
466:
463:
461:
457:
454:
453:
452:
450:
446:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:are found in
326:
322:
321:sleepy lizard
318:
315:) endemic to
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:
288:
280:
272:
271:
266:
263:
259:
256:
251:
247:
242:
237:
236:T. r. palarra
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
216:
211:
206:
200:
198:
192:
189:
188:Binomial name
185:
181:
180:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
94:
89:
85:
79:
74:
73:Least Concern
63:
59:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2346:
2140:
2116:. Retrieved
2111:
2085:. Retrieved
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2049:
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
1994:
1990:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1935:
1931:
1921:
1899:(1): 89–99.
1896:
1892:
1886:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1751:(1): 63–72.
1748:
1744:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1668:(1): 63–72.
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1595:. Retrieved
1586:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1539:
1535:
1525:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1431:
1427:
1414:
1406:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1366:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1318:
1278:
1272:
1253:
1244:
1225:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1162:
1153:
1141:
1119:. Retrieved
1110:
1076:. Retrieved
1067:
1058:
1033:
990:. Retrieved
977:
969:10:193—217.
964:
944:. Retrieved
930:
924:
918:
910:
895:
890:
884:
875:
865:
862:
853:
842:
817:
813:
801:
797:
789:
785:
774:
766:
760:
759:
744:
743:
740:Reproduction
733:
731:
726:
719:
717:
694:
688:
667:
664:In captivity
653:
651:
633:
632:
624:
619:
607:
606:
586:
583:
572:
564:
547:
546:
537:
525:
498:
483:
473:
464:
455:
448:
442:
428:
424:
418:
392:
391:
382:
378:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
351:
349:
344:
336:
332:
331:, where the
320:
312:
304:
300:
295:
294:
293:
269:
268:
254:
235:
231:T. r. konowi
230:
225:
221:T. r. rugosa
220:
196:
194:
178:
177:
165:
35:
29:
2229:iNaturalist
2165:Wikispecies
2118:20 February
946:19 November
638:conspecific
543:Description
529:sun basking
423:in 1825 as
226:T. r. asper
213:Subspecies
2406:Categories
2362:Q122947036
1970:4 November
1641:9 November
1597:1 February
1542:(4): 489.
1382:12 October
1040:California
992:9 November
902:References
885:Under the
749:viviparous
603:Front view
509:Queensland
445:subspecies
439:Subspecies
407:; it eats
325:subspecies
2273:109481513
2019:237859373
2011:1367-9430
1960:209331460
1952:1439-5444
1765:1432-0762
1723:1045-2249
1517:242070724
1501:1877-959X
1450:1465-7279
866:T. rugosa
859:Olfaction
804:polyandry
781:gestation
745:T. rugosa
734:T. rugosa
727:T. rugosa
685:Predators
654:T. rugosa
634:T. rugosa
629:Behaviour
620:T. rugosa
608:T. rugosa
488:Shark Bay
401:brumation
397:predators
393:T. rugosa
317:Australia
173:Species:
155:Scincidae
111:Kingdom:
105:Eukaryota
2356:Wikidata
2247:10362662
2192:BioLib:
2150:Wikidata
2112:ABC News
2087:30 April
2081:Archived
2060:30 April
2054:Archived
2029:25 April
2023:Archived
1964:Archived
1913:12644895
1878:39416842
1773:12509852
1682:12509852
1635:Archived
1607:cite web
1591:Archived
1566:18 April
1560:Archived
1509:34768200
1460:12 April
1454:Archived
1407:ABC News
1400:Archived
1319:ABC News
1312:Archived
1252:(2000).
1213:: 51–56.
1173:28 March
1167:Archived
1121:28 March
1115:Archived
1078:3 August
1072:Archived
808:polygyny
770:placenta
658:monogamy
612:omnivore
568:autotomy
533:hectares
517:Victoria
501:southern
431:. Some
405:omnivore
262:Synonyms
151:Family:
145:Squamata
135:Reptilia
125:Chordata
121:Phylum:
115:Animalia
101:Domain:
78:IUCN 3.1
2442:Tiliqua
2384:ZooBank
2376:2462535
2335:8059522
2260:1182842
2221:2462522
2156:Q572677
1843:5799201
1808:4306107
1556:1564848
1145:at the
845:cochlea
839:Hearing
756:lizards
673:bruise.
616:carrion
375:Noongar
333:bobtail
313:Tiliqua
311:(genus
207:, 1825)
166:Tiliqua
161:Genus:
141:Order:
131:Class:
76: (
2332:uBio:
2325:rugosa
2299:103840
2017:
2009:
1958:
1950:
1911:
1876:
1841:
1806:
1771:
1763:
1721:
1680:
1554:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1448:
1358:
1289:
1260:
1232:
1046:
971:p. 201
691:dingos
610:is an
409:snails
379:rugosa
373:. The
363:bogeye
2312:87622
2242:IRMNG
2234:37460
2208:56X25
2195:59447
2015:S2CID
1956:S2CID
1909:S2CID
1874:S2CID
1769:S2CID
1678:S2CID
1552:JSTOR
1513:S2CID
1424:(PDF)
987:(PDF)
752:skink
747:is a
709:foxes
705:feral
443:Four
383:yoorn
367:boggi
2371:GBIF
2286:8527
2281:NCBI
2268:IUCN
2255:ITIS
2216:GBIF
2120:2020
2089:2022
2062:2022
2031:2023
2007:ISSN
1972:2021
1948:ISSN
1839:PMID
1804:PMID
1761:ISSN
1719:ISSN
1643:2010
1613:link
1599:2022
1568:2023
1505:PMID
1497:ISSN
1462:2008
1446:ISSN
1384:2009
1356:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1230:ISBN
1175:2020
1123:2020
1080:2023
1044:ISBN
994:2010
948:2021
931:2017
713:cats
711:and
595:Diet
519:and
205:Gray
2203:CoL
2180:AFD
1999:doi
1940:doi
1901:doi
1897:167
1866:doi
1862:167
1831:doi
1796:doi
1753:doi
1709:doi
1670:doi
1660:".
1544:doi
1489:doi
1436:doi
935:doi
670:pet
447:of
385:in
381:as
365:or
303:or
2408::
2386::
2373::
2358::
2322::
2320:RD
2309::
2296::
2283::
2270::
2257::
2244::
2231::
2218::
2205::
2182::
2167::
2152::
2110:.
2079:.
2052:.
2048:.
2021:.
2013:.
2005:.
1995:25
1993:.
1989:.
1962:.
1954:.
1946:.
1936:38
1934:.
1930:.
1907:.
1895:.
1872:.
1860:.
1837:.
1827:24
1825:.
1802:.
1792:24
1790:.
1767:.
1759:.
1749:44
1747:.
1743:.
1731:^
1717:.
1703:.
1699:.
1676:.
1666:44
1664:.
1633:.
1621:^
1609:}}
1605:{{
1589:.
1585:.
1558:.
1550:.
1540:27
1538:.
1534:.
1511:.
1503:.
1495:.
1485:13
1483:.
1479:.
1452:.
1444:.
1430:.
1426:.
1337:,
1326:^
1301:^
1281:.
1211:39
1165:.
1161:.
1131:^
1113:.
1109:.
1088:^
1070:.
1066:.
1002:^
956:^
929:.
923:.
889:,
389:.
369:,
361:,
354:,
347:.
2122:.
2091:.
2064:.
2033:.
2001::
1974:.
1942::
1915:.
1903::
1880:.
1868::
1845:.
1833::
1810:.
1798::
1775:.
1755::
1725:.
1711::
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