249:
226:
3008:
123:
148:
3023:
255:
154:
4015:
31:
1121:
1252:(HIF), which also builds up in cells. Excess HIF stimulates cells to divide and triggers the production of blood vessels when they are not needed. Rapid and uncontrolled cell division, along with the formation of new blood vessels, can lead to the development of tumors in people with hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma.
1239:
that deletes the normal copy of the SDHC gene is needed to cause hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma type 3. Most of the inherited SDHC gene mutations change single amino acids in the SDHC protein sequence or result in a shortened protein. As a result, there is little or no SDH enzyme activity.
1210:
interactions with Tyr83 of SDHD. The presence of electrons in the iron sulphur cluster induces the movement of ubiquinone into a second orientation. This facilitates a second hydrogen bond interaction between the O4 carbonyl group of ubiquinone and Ser27 of SDHC. Following the first single electron
2736:
Mannelli M, Castellano M, Schiavi F, Filetti S, Giacchè M, Mori L, Pignataro V, Bernini G, Giachè V, Bacca A, Biondi B, Corona G, Di
Trapani G, Grossrubatscher E, Reimondo G, Arnaldi G, Giacchetti G, Veglio F, Loli P, Colao A, Ambrosio MR, Terzolo M, Letizia C, Ercolino T, Opocher G (May 2009).
1882:
Hirawake H, Taniwaki M, Tamura A, Kojima S, Kita K (1997). "Cytochrome b in human complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase): cDNA cloning of the components in liver mitochondria and chromosome assignment of the genes for the large (SDHC) and small (SDHD) subunits to 1q21 and 11q23".
2365:
CascĂłn A, LĂłpez-JimĂ©nez E, Landa I, Leskelä S, Leandro-GarcĂa LJ, Maliszewska A, LetĂłn R, de la Vega L, GarcĂa-Barcina MJ, Sanabria C, Alvarez-Escolá C, RodrĂguez-Antona C, Robledo M (September 2009). "Rationalization of genetic testing in patients with apparently sporadic
2497:
Gill AJ, Benn DE, Chou A, Clarkson A, Muljono A, Meyer-Rochow GY, Richardson AL, Sidhu SB, Robinson BG, Clifton-Bligh RJ (June 2010). "Immunohistochemistry for SDHB triages genetic testing of SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD in paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndromes".
2851:
Korpershoek E, Van
Nederveen FH, Dannenberg H, Petri BJ, Komminoth P, Perren A, Lenders JW, Verhofstad AA, De Herder WW, De Krijger RR, Dinjens WN (August 2006). "Genetic analyses of apparently sporadic pheochromocytomas: the Rotterdam experience".
2424:
CascĂłn A, Pita G, Burnichon N, Landa I, LĂłpez-JimĂ©nez E, Montero-Conde C, Leskelä S, Leandro-GarcĂa LJ, LetĂłn R, RodrĂguez-Antona C, DĂaz JA, LĂłpez-Vidriero E, González-Neira A, Velasco A, Matias-Guiu X, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Robledo M (May 2009).
2216:
Pasini B, McWhinney SR, Bei T, Matyakhina L, Stergiopoulos S, Muchow M, Boikos SA, Ferrando B, Pacak K, Assie G, Baudin E, Chompret A, Ellison JW, Briere JJ, Rustin P, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Eng C, Carney JA, Stratakis CA (January 2008).
2775:
Richalet JP, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Peyrard S, VĂ©nisse A, Marelle L, Burnichon N, Bouzamondo A, Jeunemaitre X, Azizi M, Elghozi JL (December 2009). "A role for succinate dehydrogenase genes in low chemoresponsiveness to hypoxia?".
2813:
Pigny P, Cardot-Bauters C, Do Cao C, Vantyghem MC, Carnaille B, Pattou F, Caron P, Wemeau JL, Porchet N (February 2009). "Should genetic testing be performed in each patient with sporadic pheochromocytoma at presentation?".
1937:
Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, Deng N, Kim AK, Choi JH, Zelaya I, Liem D, Meyer D, Odeberg J, Fang C, Lu HJ, Xu T, Weiss J, Duan H, Uhlen M, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ge J, Hermjakob H, Ping P (October 2013).
1139:
and aerobic respiratory chains of mitochondria. The encoded protein is one of two integral membrane proteins that anchor other subunits of the complex, which form the catalytic core, to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
3506:
1726:
1723:
1711:
1691:
1687:
1330:
1327:
1315:
1295:
1291:
1721:
1325:
3007:
2068:"Structural and computational analysis of the quinone-binding site of complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase): a mechanism of electron transfer and proton conduction during ubiquinone reduction"
3063:
1673:
1277:
2219:"Clinical and molecular genetics of patients with the Carney-Stratakis syndrome and germline mutations of the genes coding for the succinate dehydrogenase subunits SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD"
3022:
1724:
1715:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1328:
1319:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1231:. More than 30 mutations in the SDHC gene have been found to increase the risk of hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma type 3. People with this condition have paragangliomas,
2107:
Niemann S, MĂĽller U, Engelhardt D, Lohse P (July 2003). "Autosomal dominant malignant and catecholamine-producing paraganglioma caused by a splice donor site mutation in SDHC".
262:
161:
3402:
3439:
3056:
3336:
3473:
3049:
2955:
724:
705:
84:
1688:
1292:
2739:"Clinically guided genetic screening in a large cohort of italian patients with pheochromocytomas and/or functional or nonfunctional paragangliomas"
3307:
2460:
Boedeker CC, Neumann HP, Maier W, Bausch B, Schipper J, Ridder GJ (July 2007). "Malignant head and neck paragangliomas in SDHB mutation carriers".
2332:"Single nucleotide polymorphisms in succinate dehydrogenase subunits and citrate synthase genes: association results for impaired spermatogenesis"
1703:
1307:
2644:"Relevance of germline mutation screening in both familial and sporadic head and neck paraganglioma for early diagnosis and clinical management"
2987:
1864:
1846:
4037:
3486:
3482:
1719:
1706:
1692:
1323:
1310:
1296:
3701:
3432:
1722:
1326:
956:
248:
3189:
3108:
2181:
Bayley JP, Weiss MM, Grimbergen A, van
Brussel BT, Hes FJ, Jansen JC, Verhoef S, Devilee P, Corssmit EP, Vriends AH (September 2009).
963:
2252:
Gaal J, Burnichon N, Korpershoek E, Roncelin I, Bertherat J, Plouin PF, de
Krijger RR, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Dinjens WN (March 2010).
3734:
3574:
3469:
225:
1190:, loosely bound to the active site, free to exit the protein. The electrons derived from succinate tunnel along the relay in the
1923:
1708:
1312:
1987:
1729:
1701:
1676:
1333:
1305:
1280:
2183:"Molecular characterization of novel germline deletions affecting SDHD and SDHC in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients"
1833:
1812:
1714:
1677:
1318:
1281:
2605:
Eng C, Kiuru M, Fernandez MJ, Aaltonen LA (March 2003). "A role for mitochondrial enzymes in inherited neoplasia and beyond".
3534:
3491:
3425:
3346:
3176:
3164:
3113:
2738:
3890:
2897:
Wang L, McDonnell SK, Hebbring SJ, Cunningham JM, St Sauver J, Cerhan JR, Isaya G, Schaid DJ, Thibodeau SN (December 2008).
2642:
Hermsen MA, Sevilla MA, Llorente JL, Weiss MM, Grimbergen A, Allonca E, Garcia-Inclán C, BalbĂn M, Suárez C (January 2010).
1829:
147:
122:
3569:
3185:
1716:
1681:
1320:
1285:
4005:
1808:
3696:
3529:
3172:
1732:
1731:
1690:
1678:
1336:
1335:
1294:
1282:
1215:
radical species is formed. The second electron arrives from the cluster to provide full reduction of the ubiquinone to
1050:
64:
2403:
Goto Y, Ando T, Naito M, Goto H, Hamajima N (2006). "No association of an SDHC gene polymorphism with gastric cancer".
1700:
1304:
3559:
3016:: Crystal Structure of Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex II bound with 3-nitropropionate and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone
1730:
1683:
1334:
1287:
1176:
1717:
1321:
1073:
The gene that codes for the SDHC protein is nuclear, even though the protein is located in the inner membrane of the
2066:
Horsefield R, Yankovskaya V, Sexton G, Whittingham W, Shiomi K, Omura S, Byrne B, Cecchini G, Iwata S (March 2006).
1735:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1339:
1322:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1301:
261:
160:
3691:
3579:
3539:
1736:
1733:
1696:
1340:
1337:
1300:
3875:
3452:
1727:
1331:
3991:
3978:
3965:
3952:
3939:
3926:
3913:
3647:
3633:
3589:
3516:
3501:
3465:
3273:
2980:
1249:
254:
153:
3885:
1738:
1737:
1728:
1698:
1693:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1302:
1297:
3839:
3782:
3456:
3268:
3228:
3103:
1734:
1720:
1702:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1338:
1324:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1132:
1042:
1038:
769:
72:
2289:"Development and validation of a comprehensive mutation and deletion detection assay for SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD"
1725:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1329:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1713:
1710:
1689:
1317:
1314:
1293:
3787:
3601:
3293:
3209:
3120:
1128:
1093:
1034:
750:
3652:
3252:
3201:
3168:
1757:
3808:
3727:
3554:
3146:
3880:
3564:
3496:
3317:
3247:
3135:
2973:
2861:
1078:
136:
51:
3844:
3397:
1195:
914:
910:
906:
902:
851:
847:
843:
839:
3417:
3777:
3642:
3288:
2885:
2839:
2801:
2724:
2630:
2593:
2485:
2391:
2132:
2048:
96:
939:
918:
876:
855:
3031:: Crystal Structure of Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex II from porcine heart at 2.4 Angstroms
4042:
3669:
3544:
3076:
2928:
2877:
2831:
2793:
2763:
2716:
2673:
2622:
2585:
2550:
2515:
2477:
2448:
2412:
2383:
2353:
2318:
2275:
2240:
2204:
2124:
2089:
2040:
1969:
1900:
1232:
1136:
1046:
44:
2527:
Ricketts C, Woodward ER, Killick P, Morris MR, Astuti D, Latif F, Maher ER (September 2008).
1235:, or both. An inherited SDHC gene mutation predisposes an individual to the condition, and a
3823:
3818:
3792:
3720:
3549:
3371:
3366:
3239:
3093:
2918:
2910:
2869:
2823:
2785:
2753:
2706:
2698:
2685:
Brière JJ, Favier J, El
Ghouzzi V, Djouadi F, BĂ©nit P, Gimenez AP, Rustin P (October 2005).
2663:
2655:
2614:
2575:
2540:
2507:
2469:
2438:
2375:
2343:
2308:
2300:
2265:
2230:
2194:
2116:
2079:
2030:
1959:
1951:
1892:
1236:
1058:
341:
272:
216:
171:
3870:
3854:
3767:
2287:
Milosevic D, Lundquist P, Cradic K, Vidal-Folch N, Huynh T, Pacak K, Grebe SK (May 2010).
316:
92:
1057:
for this gene on different chromosomes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with
3041:
2865:
2711:
2686:
609:
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
4019:
3908:
3849:
3448:
2923:
2898:
2668:
2643:
2313:
2288:
1964:
1939:
1062:
2304:
639:
634:
629:
624:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
4031:
3813:
3772:
2959:
2348:
2331:
2254:"Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations are rare in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas"
1995:
1940:"Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase"
1778:
1761:
1748:
1228:
1207:
1172:
1144:
1097:
519:
2948:
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on
Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndromes
2843:
2728:
2634:
2597:
2489:
2395:
2136:
2052:
1155:
to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The SDHC/SDHD dimer provides binding sites for
76:
3762:
3312:
3298:
3220:
2889:
2805:
1074:
334:
113:
2914:
2511:
1955:
2473:
1049:
that anchor other subunits of the complex, which form the catalytic core, to the
100:
3986:
3921:
3757:
1869:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1851:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1248:, succinate accumulates in the cell. The excess succinate abnormally stabilizes
1212:
1054:
4014:
2035:
2018:
1089:. The SDHC gene produces an 18.6 kDa protein composed of 169 amino acids.
417:
3156:
3072:
2947:
2789:
2702:
2120:
1261:
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
1199:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1092:
The SDHC protein is one of the two transmembrane subunits of the four-subunit
233:
130:
80:
3960:
3934:
3098:
2873:
2235:
2218:
2019:"Crystal structure of mitochondrial respiratory membrane protein complex II"
1241:
1216:
1168:
669:
477:
355:
300:
287:
199:
186:
88:
2932:
2881:
2835:
2797:
2767:
2720:
2677:
2626:
2589:
2554:
2519:
2481:
2452:
2416:
2387:
2379:
2357:
2322:
2279:
2244:
2208:
2128:
2093:
2084:
2067:
2044:
1973:
55:, CYB560, CYBL, PGL3, QPS1, SDH3, succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C
2659:
2545:
2528:
1904:
1672:
1276:
1003:
998:
30:
3130:
2758:
2443:
2426:
2270:
2253:
1245:
1203:
1187:
987:
814:
795:
2827:
2580:
2563:
2199:
2182:
2017:
Sun F, Huo X, Zhai Y, Wang A, Xu J, Su D, Bartlam M, Rao Z (July 2005).
3593:
1988:"SDHC - Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial"
1127:
The SDHC protein is one of four nuclear-encoded subunits that comprise
1033:. This gene encodes one of four nuclear-encoded subunits that comprise
1023:
781:
736:
1896:
1037:, also known as mitochondrial complex II, a key enzyme complex of the
3973:
3743:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3657:
3520:
3079:
2330:
Bonache S, MartĂnez J, Fernández M, Bassas L, Larriba S (June 2007).
971:
691:
2618:
2427:"Genetics of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in Spanish patients"
2150:
1120:
3947:
3662:
3381:
3376:
2564:"Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors and germ-line mutations"
1202:
molecule at the Q pool active site in the SDHC/SDHD dimer. The O1
1180:
1119:
1206:
oxygen of ubiquinone is oriented at the active site (image 4) by
1065:. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.
654:
650:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3341:
3331:
3124:
1191:
1164:
1148:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1086:
1082:
1030:
68:
3716:
3421:
3045:
2969:
2899:"Polymorphisms in mitochondrial genes and prostate cancer risk"
1108:
electron transport subunit which, in turn, is connected to the
2965:
1020:
succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial
1671:
1275:
1045:
of mitochondria. The encoded protein is one of two integral
538:
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
2529:"Germline SDHB mutations and familial renal cell carcinoma"
1776:
The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways:
3712:
635:
mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone
324:
2562:
McWhinney SR, Pasini B, Stratakis CA (September 2007).
1992:
Cardiac
Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB)
1096:(Complex II) protein complex that resides in the inner
4003:
489:
3507:
Dihydroxymethyloxo-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase
2746:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
2431:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
2258:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1198:. The electrons are then transferred to an awaiting
3899:
3863:
3832:
3801:
3750:
3632:
3588:
3515:
3464:
3390:
3281:
3265:
3237:
3218:
3199:
3154:
3145:
3086:
932:
895:
869:
832:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1227:Mutations in this gene have been associated with
271:
170:
3403:Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
2903:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
3308:Complex III/Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase
1675:
1279:
1077:. The location of the gene in humans is on the
1924:"Entrez Gene: succinate dehydrogenase complex"
1830:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000058076
1240:Because the mutated SDH enzyme cannot convert
3728:
3433:
3057:
2981:
2687:"Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency in human"
1100:membrane. The other transmembrane subunit is
558:succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
8:
1809:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143252
3735:
3721:
3713:
3440:
3426:
3418:
3278:
3151:
3064:
3050:
3042:
2988:
2974:
2966:
2956:United States National Library of Medicine
2854:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
2405:Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1104:. The SDHC/SDHD dimer is connected to the
665:
515:
312:
211:
108:
2922:
2757:
2710:
2667:
2579:
2544:
2442:
2347:
2312:
2269:
2234:
2198:
2083:
2034:
1963:
1016:Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C
2954:This article incorporates text from the
2533:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1918:
1916:
1914:
4010:
3003:
1796:
1769:
1159:and water during electron transport at
20:
1143:SDHC forms part of the transmembrane
276:
237:
232:
175:
134:
129:
7:
3483:Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase
2691:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
2462:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
3702:3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase
3697:Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
2568:The New England Journal of Medicine
2157:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
2072:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3294:Complex II/Succinate dehydrogenase
3190:Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
2336:International Journal of Andrology
2223:European Journal of Human Genetics
1131:, also known as Complex II of the
929:
892:
866:
829:
805:
786:
760:
741:
715:
696:
494:
412:
350:
329:
14:
3575:Pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase
2816:European Journal of Endocrinology
2366:pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma".
2305:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.01.016
1026:that in humans is encoded by the
4013:
3021:
3006:
2349:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2006.00730.x
543:succinate dehydrogenase activity
460:extensor digitorum longus muscle
260:
253:
247:
224:
159:
152:
146:
121:
29:
3318:Complex IV/Cytochrome c oxidase
594:succinate dehydrogenase complex
3535:Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase
3492:7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase
3165:Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
2368:Hormone and Metabolic Research
1885:Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
1194:subunit until they reach the
1135:, a key enzyme complex of the
579:integral component of membrane
478:More reference expression data
1:
3570:Tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase
3186:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
2915:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0434
2512:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.12.005
1956:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151
245:
144:
3530:Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
3289:Complex I/NADH dehydrogenase
2474:10.1016/j.otohns.2007.01.015
1053:. There are several related
1051:inner mitochondrial membrane
640:response to oxidative stress
589:respiratory chain complex II
584:mitochondrial inner membrane
4038:Genes on human chromosome 1
3560:Tetrahydroberberine oxidase
2778:Clinical Autonomic Research
4059:
3692:Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
3580:L-galactonolactone oxidase
3540:Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
3109:Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
2036:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.025
1043:aerobic respiratory chains
533:electron transfer activity
456:sternocleidomastoid muscle
3891:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
3648:Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
3502:2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase
3274:oxidative phosphorylation
3001:
2790:10.1007/s10286-009-0028-z
2703:10.1007/s00018-005-5237-6
2121:10.1007/s00439-003-0938-0
1865:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1847:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1250:hypoxia-inducible factors
1002:
997:
993:
986:
970:
964:Chr 1: 170.95 – 170.98 Mb
957:Chr 1: 161.31 – 161.36 Mb
951:
936:
899:
888:
873:
836:
825:
812:
808:
793:
789:
780:
767:
763:
748:
744:
735:
722:
718:
703:
699:
690:
675:
668:
664:
648:
518:
514:
502:
497:
488:
475:
424:
415:
362:
353:
323:
315:
311:
294:
281:
244:
223:
214:
210:
193:
180:
143:
120:
111:
107:
62:
59:
49:
42:
37:
28:
23:
3783:Diffusion-limited enzyme
3269:electron transport chain
3229:Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
3104:Isocitrate dehydrogenase
2187:Endocrine-Related Cancer
1133:electron transport chain
1039:tricarboxylic acid cycle
630:tricarboxylic acid cycle
3602:Succinate dehydrogenase
3210:Glutamate dehydrogenase
3121:Succinate dehydrogenase
3114:Succinyl CoA synthetase
2874:10.1196/annals.1353.014
2236:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201904
2155:Genetics Home Reference
1256:Interactive pathway map
1129:succinate dehydrogenase
1094:succinate dehydrogenase
1085:is partitioned in six
1035:succinate dehydrogenase
448:myocardium of ventricle
432:interventricular septum
18:Protein found in humans
3653:Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
3253:Aspartate transaminase
2607:Nature Reviews. Cancer
2380:10.1055/s-0029-1202814
2085:10.1074/jbc.m508173200
1741:
1345:
1179:binding site, forming
1124:
3876:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
3809:Allosteric regulation
3555:Dihydrouracil oxidase
3453:CH–CH oxidoreductases
2660:10.3233/CLO-2009-0498
2293:Clinical Biochemistry
1740:
1344:
1223:Clinical significance
1123:
3886:Lineweaver–Burk plot
3565:Secologanin synthase
3497:Biliverdin reductase
3248:Pyruvate carboxylase
3136:Malate dehydrogenase
2759:10.1210/jc.2008-2419
2444:10.1210/jc.2008-2756
2271:10.1210/jc.2009-2170
1944:Circulation Research
1747:|alt=TCACycle_WP78
390:smooth muscle tissue
370:right adrenal cortex
239:Chromosome 1 (mouse)
137:Chromosome 1 (human)
3487:Enoyl ACP reductase
3398:Alternative oxidase
3202:α-ketoglutaric acid
2866:2006NYASA1073..138K
2828:10.1530/EJE-08-0574
2581:10.1056/NEJMc071191
2546:10.1093/jnci/djn254
2200:10.1677/ERC-09-0084
1196:iron sulfur cluster
625:aerobic respiration
402:right lobe of liver
382:left adrenal cortex
366:islet of Langerhans
3845:Enzyme superfamily
3778:Enzyme promiscuity
3643:Fumarate reductase
2958:, which is in the
2697:(19–20): 2317–24.
1742:
1346:
1211:reduction step, a
1125:
770:ENSMUSG00000058076
618:Biological process
572:Cellular component
563:ubiquinone binding
526:Molecular function
378:left adrenal gland
4001:
4000:
3710:
3709:
3636:: Other acceptors
3545:Bilirubin oxidase
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3261:
3260:
3077:Citric acid cycle
3039:
3038:
2648:Cellular Oncology
1897:10.1159/000134700
1233:pheochromocytomas
1137:citric acid cycle
1059:pheochromocytomas
1047:membrane proteins
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
982:
981:
947:
946:
926:
925:
884:
883:
863:
862:
821:
820:
802:
801:
776:
775:
757:
756:
731:
730:
712:
711:
660:
659:
553:metal ion binding
510:
509:
506:
505:
484:
483:
471:
470:
409:
408:
307:
306:
206:
205:
4050:
4018:
4017:
4009:
3881:Hanes–Woolf plot
3824:Enzyme activator
3819:Enzyme inhibitor
3793:Enzyme catalysis
3737:
3730:
3723:
3714:
3550:Acyl-CoA oxidase
3442:
3435:
3428:
3419:
3279:
3240:oxaloacetic acid
3152:
3094:Citrate synthase
3066:
3059:
3052:
3043:
3025:
3010:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2936:
2926:
2893:
2847:
2809:
2771:
2761:
2743:
2732:
2714:
2681:
2671:
2638:
2601:
2583:
2558:
2548:
2523:
2493:
2456:
2446:
2420:
2399:
2361:
2351:
2326:
2316:
2283:
2273:
2248:
2238:
2212:
2202:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2038:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1994:. Archived from
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1843:
1837:
1827:
1816:
1806:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1237:somatic mutation
1079:first chromosome
1018:, also known as
995:
994:
966:
959:
942:
930:
921:
893:
889:RefSeq (protein)
879:
867:
858:
830:
806:
787:
761:
742:
716:
697:
666:
516:
495:
480:
452:digastric muscle
436:plantaris muscle
420:
418:Top expressed in
413:
358:
356:Top expressed in
351:
330:
313:
303:
290:
279:
264:
257:
251:
240:
228:
212:
202:
189:
178:
163:
156:
150:
139:
125:
109:
103:
101:SDHC - orthologs
54:
47:
33:
21:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4012:
4004:
4002:
3997:
3909:Oxidoreductases
3895:
3871:Enzyme kinetics
3859:
3855:List of enzymes
3828:
3797:
3768:Catalytic triad
3746:
3741:
3711:
3706:
3628:
3584:
3511:
3460:
3449:Oxidoreductases
3446:
3416:
3407:
3386:
3328:
3302:
3272:
3267:
3257:
3233:
3214:
3195:
3141:
3082:
3070:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3017:
3011:
2997:
2994:
2944:
2939:
2909:(12): 3558–66.
2896:
2850:
2812:
2774:
2741:
2735:
2684:
2641:
2619:10.1038/nrc1013
2604:
2561:
2526:
2500:Human Pathology
2496:
2459:
2423:
2402:
2364:
2329:
2286:
2251:
2215:
2180:
2176:
2174:Further reading
2171:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2078:(11): 7309–16.
2065:
2064:
2060:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1998:on 19 July 2018
1986:
1985:
1981:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1912:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1828:
1819:
1807:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1779:"TCACycle_WP78"
1777:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1760:TCACycle_WP78
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1258:
1225:
1184:
1118:
1071:
1004:View/Edit Mouse
999:View/Edit Human
962:
955:
952:Location (UCSC)
938:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
875:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
751:ENSG00000143252
644:
613:
567:
476:
467:
464:temporal muscle
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
444:muscle of thigh
442:
438:
434:
430:
416:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
354:
298:
285:
277:
267:
266:
265:
258:
238:
215:Gene location (
197:
184:
176:
166:
165:
164:
157:
135:
112:Gene location (
63:
50:
43:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4056:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4030:
4029:
4023:
4022:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3982:
3969:
3956:
3943:
3930:
3917:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3833:Classification
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3717:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3598:
3596:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3462:
3461:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3276:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3184:(regulated by
3181:
3180:
3161:
3159:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3133:
3128:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2942:External links
2940:
2938:
2937:
2894:
2848:
2810:
2772:
2733:
2682:
2639:
2613:(3): 193–202.
2602:
2574:(10): 1054–6.
2559:
2539:(17): 1260–2.
2524:
2494:
2457:
2421:
2400:
2362:
2327:
2299:(7–8): 700–4.
2284:
2249:
2213:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2142:
2109:Human Genetics
2099:
2058:
2029:(7): 1043–57.
2009:
1979:
1950:(9): 1043–53.
1929:
1910:
1891:(1–2): 132–8.
1874:
1856:
1838:
1817:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1768:
1767:
1756:
1755:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1229:paragangliomas
1224:
1221:
1182:
1117:
1114:
1070:
1067:
1063:paragangliomas
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1001:
991:
990:
984:
983:
980:
979:
977:
975:
968:
967:
960:
953:
949:
948:
945:
944:
934:
933:
927:
924:
923:
897:
896:
890:
886:
885:
882:
881:
871:
870:
864:
861:
860:
834:
833:
827:
823:
822:
819:
818:
810:
809:
803:
800:
799:
791:
790:
784:
778:
777:
774:
773:
765:
764:
758:
755:
754:
746:
745:
739:
733:
732:
729:
728:
720:
719:
713:
710:
709:
701:
700:
694:
688:
687:
682:
677:
673:
672:
662:
661:
658:
657:
646:
645:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
621:
619:
615:
614:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
575:
573:
569:
568:
566:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
529:
527:
523:
522:
512:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
492:
486:
485:
482:
481:
473:
472:
469:
468:
466:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
421:
410:
407:
406:
404:
403:
399:
398:left ventricle
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
359:
347:
346:
338:
327:
321:
320:
317:RNA expression
309:
308:
305:
304:
296:
292:
291:
283:
280:
275:
269:
268:
259:
252:
246:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
221:
220:
208:
207:
204:
203:
195:
191:
190:
182:
179:
174:
168:
167:
158:
151:
145:
141:
140:
133:
127:
126:
118:
117:
105:
104:
61:
57:
56:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4055:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4007:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Enzyme family
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Cooperativity
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Oxyanion hole
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3266:Mitochondrial
3264:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3030:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:public domain
2957:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2860:(1): 138–48.
2859:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2822:(2): 227–31.
2821:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2784:(6): 335–42.
2783:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2752:(5): 1541–7.
2751:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2654:(4): 275–83.
2653:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:(6): 805–14.
2505:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2437:(5): 1701–5.
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2342:(3): 144–52.
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2264:(3): 1274–8.
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2193:(3): 929–37.
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2010:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1674:
1278:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1208:hydrogen bond
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1173:deprotonation
1170:
1166:
1163:. Initially,
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:that anchors
1150:
1146:
1145:protein dimer
1141:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:mitochondrial
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
989:
985:
978:
976:
973:
969:
965:
961:
958:
954:
950:
943:
941:
935:
931:
928:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
898:
894:
891:
887:
880:
878:
872:
868:
865:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
835:
831:
828:
826:RefSeq (mRNA)
824:
817:
816:
811:
807:
804:
798:
797:
792:
788:
785:
783:
779:
772:
771:
766:
762:
759:
753:
752:
747:
743:
740:
738:
734:
727:
726:
721:
717:
714:
708:
707:
702:
698:
695:
693:
689:
686:
683:
681:
678:
674:
671:
667:
663:
656:
652:
647:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
620:
617:
616:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
599:mitochondrion
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
574:
571:
570:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:Gene ontology
517:
513:
501:
496:
493:
491:
487:
479:
474:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:soleus muscle
427:
426:
423:
419:
414:
411:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:
361:
357:
352:
349:
348:
345:
343:
339:
337:
336:
332:
331:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
297:
293:
289:
284:
274:
270:
263:
256:
250:
243:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
213:
209:
201:
196:
192:
188:
183:
173:
169:
162:
155:
149:
142:
138:
132:
128:
124:
119:
115:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
53:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
16:
4025:
3987:Translocases
3984:
3971:
3958:
3945:
3932:
3922:Transferases
3919:
3906:
3763:Binding site
3670:5α-reductase
3616:
3324:
3313:Cytochrome c
3221:succinyl-CoA
3028:
3013:
2953:
2952:
2906:
2902:
2857:
2853:
2819:
2815:
2781:
2777:
2749:
2745:
2694:
2690:
2651:
2647:
2610:
2606:
2571:
2567:
2536:
2532:
2503:
2499:
2468:(1): 126–9.
2465:
2461:
2434:
2430:
2411:(4): 525–8.
2408:
2404:
2374:(9): 672–5.
2371:
2367:
2339:
2335:
2296:
2292:
2261:
2257:
2229:(1): 79–88.
2226:
2222:
2190:
2186:
2159:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:the original
1991:
1982:
1947:
1943:
1932:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1772:
1260:
1259:
1226:
1186:and leaving
1142:
1126:
1091:
1081:at q21. The
1075:mitochondria
1072:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1014:
937:
915:NP_001265101
911:NP_001030590
907:NP_001030589
903:NP_001030588
900:
874:
852:NM_001278172
848:NM_001035513
844:NM_001035512
840:NM_001035511
837:
813:
794:
768:
749:
723:
704:
684:
679:
548:heme binding
374:human kidney
340:
333:
299:170,978,172
286:170,954,734
198:161,363,206
185:161,314,381
60:External IDs
15:
3758:Active site
3330:synthesis:
3147:Anaplerotic
2996:PDB gallery
2115:(1): 92–4.
1213:semiquinone
1055:pseudogenes
278:1|1 H3
38:Identifiers
4032:Categories
3961:Isomerases
3935:Hydrolases
3802:Regulation
3325:Coenzyme Q
3299:Coenzyme Q
3157:acetyl-CoA
3073:Metabolism
1836:, May 2017
1815:, May 2017
1791:References
1200:ubiquinone
1161:Complex II
1157:ubiquinone
1153:Complex II
344:(ortholog)
81:HomoloGene
3840:EC number
3099:Aconitase
1242:succinate
1217:ubiquinol
1169:succinate
1167:oxidizes
1112:subunit.
1069:Structure
940:NP_079597
919:NP_002992
877:NM_025321
856:NM_003001
670:Orthologs
89:GeneCards
4043:EC 1.3.5
3864:Kinetics
3788:Cofactor
3751:Activity
3523:acceptor
3476:acceptor
3131:Fumarase
2933:19064571
2882:17102080
2844:31746044
2836:19029228
2798:19768395
2768:19223516
2729:23793565
2721:16143825
2712:11139140
2678:20208144
2635:20549458
2627:12612654
2598:35007543
2590:17804857
2555:18728283
2520:20236688
2490:13650583
2482:17599579
2453:19258401
2417:17250422
2396:24979281
2388:19343621
2358:17298551
2323:20153743
2280:19915015
2245:17667967
2209:19546167
2161:26 March
2137:32412131
2129:12658451
2094:16407191
2053:16697879
2045:15989954
1974:23965338
1832:–
1811:–
1246:fumarate
1204:carbonyl
1188:fumarate
1116:Function
988:Wikidata
649:Sources:
604:membrane
394:duodenum
4020:Biology
3974:Ligases
3744:Enzymes
3594:Quinone
3303:(CoQ10)
3282:Primary
3138:and ETC
3080:enzymes
2924:2750891
2890:8418586
2862:Bibcode
2806:2265162
2669:4619289
2314:3419008
2002:18 July
1965:4076475
1905:9533030
1834:Ensembl
1813:Ensembl
1270:[[File:
1175:at the
1024:protein
1022:, is a
782:UniProt
737:Ensembl
676:Species
655:QuickGO
319:pattern
77:1913302
45:Aliases
4006:Portal
3948:Lyases
3685:SRD5A3
3680:SRD5A2
3675:SRD5A1
3658:ACADSB
3634:1.3.99
3521:Oxygen
3372:COQ10B
3367:COQ10A
2931:
2921:
2888:
2880:
2842:
2834:
2804:
2796:
2766:
2727:
2719:
2709:
2676:
2666:
2633:
2625:
2596:
2588:
2553:
2518:
2488:
2480:
2451:
2415:
2394:
2386:
2356:
2321:
2311:
2278:
2243:
2207:
2151:"SDHC"
2135:
2127:
2092:
2051:
2043:
1972:
1962:
1903:
974:search
972:PubMed
815:Q9CZB0
796:Q99643
692:Entrez
490:BioGPS
440:atrium
386:rectum
177:1q23.3
69:602413
3900:Types
3663:ACADS
3590:1.3.5
3517:1.3.3
3466:1.3.1
3391:Other
3382:PDSS2
3377:PDSS1
3087:Cycle
2886:S2CID
2840:S2CID
2802:S2CID
2742:(PDF)
2725:S2CID
2631:S2CID
2594:S2CID
2486:S2CID
2392:S2CID
2133:S2CID
2049:S2CID
1147:with
1087:exons
725:66052
685:Mouse
680:Human
651:Amigo
342:Mouse
335:Human
282:Start
217:Mouse
181:Start
114:Human
3992:list
3985:EC7
3979:list
3972:EC6
3966:list
3959:EC5
3953:list
3946:EC4
3940:list
3933:EC3
3927:list
3920:EC2
3914:list
3907:EC1
3622:SDHD
3617:SDHC
3612:SDHB
3607:SDHA
3474:NADP
3459:1.3)
3362:COQ9
3357:COQ7
3352:COQ6
3347:COQ5
3342:COQ4
3337:COQ3
3332:COQ2
3188:and
3125:SDHA
3029:1zoy
3014:1zp0
2929:PMID
2878:PMID
2858:1073
2832:PMID
2794:PMID
2764:PMID
2717:PMID
2674:PMID
2623:PMID
2586:PMID
2551:PMID
2516:PMID
2478:PMID
2449:PMID
2413:PMID
2384:PMID
2354:PMID
2319:PMID
2276:PMID
2241:PMID
2205:PMID
2163:2015
2125:PMID
2090:PMID
2041:PMID
2023:Cell
2004:2018
1970:PMID
1901:PMID
1762:edit
1749:edit
1192:SDHB
1181:FADH
1171:via
1165:SDHA
1149:SDHD
1110:SDHA
1106:SDHB
1102:SDHD
1083:gene
1061:and
1041:and
1031:gene
1028:SDHC
706:6391
325:Bgee
273:Band
234:Chr.
172:Band
131:Chr.
93:SDHC
85:2256
65:OMIM
52:SDHC
24:SDHC
3470:NAD
3238:to
3219:to
3200:to
3155:to
2919:PMC
2911:doi
2870:doi
2824:doi
2820:160
2786:doi
2754:doi
2707:PMC
2699:doi
2664:PMC
2656:doi
2615:doi
2576:doi
2572:357
2541:doi
2537:100
2508:doi
2470:doi
2466:137
2439:doi
2376:doi
2344:doi
2309:PMC
2301:doi
2266:doi
2231:doi
2195:doi
2117:doi
2113:113
2080:doi
2076:281
2031:doi
2027:121
1960:PMC
1952:doi
1948:113
1893:doi
1244:to
1177:FAD
498:n/a
295:End
194:End
97:OMA
73:MGI
4034::
3592::
3519::
3468::
3457:EC
3451::
3327:10
3301:10
3177:E3
3175:,
3173:E2
3171:,
3169:E1
3075::
2927:.
2917:.
2907:17
2905:.
2901:.
2884:.
2876:.
2868:.
2856:.
2838:.
2830:.
2818:.
2800:.
2792:.
2782:19
2780:.
2762:.
2750:94
2748:.
2744:.
2723:.
2715:.
2705:.
2695:62
2693:.
2689:.
2672:.
2662:.
2652:32
2650:.
2646:.
2629:.
2621:.
2609:.
2592:.
2584:.
2570:.
2566:.
2549:.
2535:.
2531:.
2514:.
2504:41
2502:.
2484:.
2476:.
2464:.
2447:.
2435:94
2433:.
2429:.
2407:.
2390:.
2382:.
2372:41
2370:.
2352:.
2340:30
2338:.
2334:.
2317:.
2307:.
2297:43
2295:.
2291:.
2274:.
2262:95
2260:.
2256:.
2239:.
2227:16
2225:.
2221:.
2203:.
2191:16
2189:.
2185:.
2153:.
2131:.
2123:.
2111:.
2088:.
2074:.
2070:.
2047:.
2039:.
2025:.
2021:.
1990:.
1968:.
1958:.
1946:.
1942:.
1913:^
1899:.
1889:79
1887:.
1867:.
1849:.
1820:^
1799:^
1751:]]
1219:.
653:/
301:bp
288:bp
200:bp
187:bp
95:;
91::
87:;
83::
79:;
75::
71:;
67::
4008::
3994:)
3990:(
3981:)
3977:(
3968:)
3964:(
3955:)
3951:(
3942:)
3938:(
3929:)
3925:(
3916:)
3912:(
3736:e
3729:t
3722:v
3485:/
3472:/
3455:(
3441:e
3434:t
3427:v
3271:/
3192:)
3179:)
3167:(
3127:)
3123:(
3065:e
3058:t
3051:v
2989:e
2982:t
2975:v
2962:.
2935:.
2913::
2892:.
2872::
2864::
2846:.
2826::
2808:.
2788::
2770:.
2756::
2731:.
2701::
2680:.
2658::
2637:.
2617::
2611:3
2600:.
2578::
2557:.
2543::
2522:.
2510::
2492:.
2472::
2455:.
2441::
2419:.
2409:7
2398:.
2378::
2360:.
2346::
2325:.
2303::
2282:.
2268::
2247:.
2233::
2211:.
2197::
2165:.
2139:.
2119::
2096:.
2082::
2055:.
2033::
2006:.
1976:.
1954::
1926:.
1907:.
1895::
1871:.
1853:.
1781:.
1666:]
1661:]
1656:]
1651:]
1646:]
1641:]
1636:]
1631:]
1626:]
1621:]
1616:]
1611:]
1606:]
1601:]
1596:]
1591:]
1586:]
1581:]
1576:]
1571:]
1566:]
1561:]
1556:]
1551:]
1546:]
1541:]
1536:]
1531:]
1526:]
1521:]
1516:]
1511:]
1506:]
1501:]
1496:]
1491:]
1486:]
1481:]
1476:]
1471:]
1466:]
1461:]
1456:]
1451:]
1446:]
1441:]
1436:]
1431:]
1426:]
1421:]
1416:]
1411:]
1406:]
1401:]
1396:]
1391:]
1386:]
1381:]
1376:]
1371:]
1366:]
1361:]
1356:]
1351:]
1183:2
219:)
116:)
99::
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