507:, Subh-i-Azal, along with Baháʼu'lláh and Mirza Zayn al-Abedin endeavoured to travel there to assist the soldiers. However, they were arrested several kilometers from Amul. Their imprisonment was ordered by the governor, but Subh-i-Azal escaped the officials for a short while, after which he was discovered by a villager and then brought to Amul on foot with his hands tied. On the path to Amul he was subject to harassment, and people are reported to have spat at him. Upon arriving he was reunited with the other prisoners. The prisoners were ordered to be beaten, but when it came time that Subh-i-Azal should suffer the punishment, Baha'u'llah objected and offered to take the beating in his place. After some time, the governor wrote to Abbas Quli Khan who was commander of the government forces stationed near Fort Tabarsi. Khan replied back to the governor's correspondence, saying that the prisoners were of distinguished families and should not be harassed. Thus, the prisoners were released and sent to Nur upon orders of the commander.
560:. Following the attempt, he and other Babis chose to go into exile in Baghdad. In Baghdad he lived as the generally acknowledged head of the community, but he kept his whereabouts secret from most of the community, instead keeping in contact with the Babis through agents, termed "witnesses", in Iran and Iraq to routinize the charismatic authority of the movement, and echoing "the supposed appointment of agents by the twelfth Imam during the lesser occultation." One of the most important "witnesses of the Bayán" who represented Subh-i-Azal in Baghdad was Sayyid Muhammad Isfahani. Apart from Isfahani, Subh-i-Azal had written to six other individuals naming them all "witnesses of the Bayán." These witnesses are as follows: Mulla Muhammad Ja'far Naraqi, Mulla Muhammad Taqi, Haji Sayyid Muhammad (Isfahani), Haji Sayyid Jawad (al-Karbala'i), Mirza Muhammad Husayn Mutawalli-bashi Qummi, and Mulla Rajab 'Ali Qahir.
745:, the messianic figure in the Báb's writings, to a small number of followers, and in 1866 he made the claim public. Baháʼu'lláh's claims threatened Subh-i-Azal's position as leader of the religion since it would mean little to be leader of the Bábís if "Him Whom God Shall Make Manifest" were to appear and start a new religion. Subh-i-Azal responded to these claims with severe criticism, but his attempt to preserve Bábísm was largely unpopular, and his followers became the minority.
657:, Mirza Yahya had several wives, and at least nine sons and five daughters. His sons included: Nurullah, Hadi, Ahmad, Abdul Ali, Rizwan Ali, and four others. Rizvan Ali reports that he had eleven or twelve wives. Later research reports that he had up to seventeen wives including four in Iran and at least five in Baghdad, although it is not clear how many, if any, were simultaneous. According to Azali sources, Subh-i-Azal had five wives in total.
230:
630:, even claiming that he poisoned himself while trying to poison Subh-i-Azal. The second attempt in 1864 was more severe and had adverse effects on Bahaʼu'lláh throughout the remainder of his life until 1892. Mírzá Yahyá invited Baháʼu'lláh to a feast and shared a dish, half of which was laced with poison. Baháʼu'lláh was ill for 21 days following this attempt and was left with a shaking hand for the rest of his life.
599:
500:, the 17th Letter of the Living who had, upon leaving the Conference of Badasht, traveled to Nur to propagate the faith. Shortly thereafter, she arrived at Barfurush and met Subh-i-Azal and became acquainted once again with Quddús who instructed her to take Subh-i-Azal with her to Nur. Subh-i-Azal remained in Nur for three days, during which he propagated the new faith.
519:, Hājjī Mirzā Jāni Kāshānī (d. 1852) states that after the death of Quddus, the Bab received letters from Subh-i-Azal and was inspired to write a testament nominating him as his successor. After the Báb's death Subh-i-Azal came to be regarded as the central authority in the movement to whom the majority of Bábís turned as a source of guidance and revelation.
28:
534:
Baháʼí polemic has made much capital out of Azal's behaviour at this period, attributing it to a mixture of incompetence and cowardice. But it is clear that he actually continued to identify himself as the head of the Bábís, to write books, reply to letters, and on occasion meet with other leaders of
526:
in hiding and disguise. Subh-i-Azal gradually alienated himself from a large proportion of the Bábís who started to give their alliance to other claimants. Manuchehri states that Subh-i-Azal remained in hiding because he was primarily concerned with personal safety, due to a statement from the Báb in
568:
In 1863 Bahá’u’lláh made a claim to be Him Whom God Shall Make
Manifest, the messianic figure in the Báb's writings, to a small number of followers, and in 1866 he made the claim public. Bahá’u’lláh's claims threatened Subh-i-Azal's position as leader of the religion since it would mean little to be
153:
After Azal's death in 1912, the Azali form of Bábísm entered a stagnation and has not recovered as there is no acknowledged leader or central organization. Most Bábís either accepted the claim of Baháʼu'lláh or the community gradually diminished as children and grandchildren turned back to Islam. By
710:
Large collections of Subh-i-Azal's works are found in the
British Museum Library Oriental Collection, London; in the Browne Collection at Cambridge University; at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris; and at Princeton University. Many of his works are also provided at a Bayani (Azali Bábí) community
732:
According to Baháʼí sources, shortly before the Báb's execution, one of the Báb's scribes, Mullā ʻAbdu'l-Karīm Qazvīnī, brought to the Báb's attention the necessity to appoint a successor; thus the Báb wrote a certain number of tablets which he gave to Mullā ʻAbdu'l-Karīm to deliver to Subh-i-Azal
740:
During the time that both Baháʼu'lláh and Subh-i-Azal were in
Baghdad, Baháʼu'lláh publicly and in his letters pointed to Subh-i-Azal as the leader of the community. However, since Subh-i-Azal remained in hiding, Baháʼu'lláh performed much of the daily administration of the Bábí affairs. Then, in
618:
public, and created a permanent schism between the two brothers. Subh-i-Azal responded to these claims by making his own claims and resisting the changes of doctrine which were introduced by Baháʼu'lláh. His attempts to keep the traditional Bábísm were, however, mostly unpopular. During this time
1686:
Most of the movement's survivors turned to the religion of Baha Ullah (the Bahai Faith) in 1863, but others stayed loyal to Ali
Muhammad's designated heir, Mirza Yahya (or Subbh-i Azal, d. 1912), and this group of Babis became known as Azalis. Azali Babism survived a period of exile in Iraq and
577:
The most serious challenge to the authority of Subh-i-Azal beside Bahá'u'lláh's came from Mirza Asad Allah Khu'i "Dayyán," whose activities incited him to write a lengthy refutation titled "Mustayqiz." The Hasht
Bihisht refers to Dayyán as "the Judas Iscariot of his people." Following the Báb's
138:
In 1850, when he was just 19 years old, he was appointed by the Báb to lead the Bábí community. When a pogrom began against the Bábís in 1852, Subh-i-Azal fled for
Baghdad and spent 10 years there before joining the group of Bábí exiles that were called to Istanbul. During the time in Baghdad
689:
reports that Subh-i-Azal appointed his son, Yahya
Dawlatabadi, as his successor, but notes that there is little evidence that Yahya Dawlatabadi was involved in the affairs of the religion, and that instead he spent his time as that of secular reformer. Shoghi Effendi reports that Mirza Yahya
480:. His mother died while giving birth to him, and his father died in 1834 when he was three years old. His father is buried at Vadi-al-Islam in Najaf. He was orphaned at a very young age and taken into the care of his stepmother, Khadíjih Khánum, the mother of Baháʼu'lláh.
690:
appointed a distinguished Bábí, Aqa Mirza
Muhammad Hadi of Daulatabad (Mirza Hadiy-i-Dawlat-Abadi) successor, but he later publicly recanted his faith in the Báb and in Mirza Yahya. According to Bahá'í sources, Mirza Yahya's eldest son became a Baháʼí himself.
569:
leader of the Bábís if "Him Whom God Shall Make
Manifest" were to appear and start a new religion. Subh-i-Azal responded by making his own claims, but his attempt to preserve the traditional Bábísm was largely unpopular, and his followers became the minority.
200:
He was titled by the Báb as Subh-i-Azal, that is "Morning of the
Eternal" or Hazrat, that is "Highness of the Eternal" or Ismu-l-Azal, that is "Name of the Eternal". There are also references to the titles al-Waḥīd, Ṭalʻat an-Nūr, and at-Tamara.
590:, began to advance his own claims to be Him Whom God shall make manifest. MacEoin reports that Mirza Muhammad Mazandarani, a follower of Subh-i-Azal, murdered Dayyan for his claims in response to an order by Subh-i-Azal for him to be killed.
139:
tensions grew with Baháʼu'lláh, as Bábí pilgrims began to turn to him for leadership. The Ottoman government further exiled the group to Edirne, where Baháʼu'lláh's announcement of divine revelation turned the tension into an open conflict.
680:
reports that there was confusion over who was to be Subh-i-Azal's successor at his death. Subh-i-Azal's son, Rizwán ʻAli, reported that he had appointed the son of Aqa Mirza Muhammad Hadi Daulatabadi as his successor; while another,
701:
in Iran, the Azali form of Bábísm entered a stagnation which it has not recovered as there is no acknowledged leader or central organization. Current estimates are that there are no more than a few thousand.
1895:
1687:
Turkey, and its adherents participated in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906. A very small number of Babis survive today in the Central Asian republic of Uzbekistan.
715:. In the English introduction to "Personal Reminiscences of the Babi Insurrection at Zanjan in 1850," Browne lists thirty-eight titles as being among the works of Subh-i-Azal.
539:. Not only was this an approved practice in Shiʻism, but there was particular sanction for it in the seclusionist policies of the last Imams and, in particular, the original
2009:
694:
quoting a later source states that Yahya did not name a successor. Miller relied heavily on Jalal Azal who disputed the appointment of Muhammad Hadi Daulatabadi.
158:. A source in 2001 estimated no more than a few thousand, almost entirely in Iran. Another source in 2009 noted a very small number of followers remained in
633:
Finally the feuding between the two groups led the Ottoman government to further exile the two groups in 1868; Baháʼu'lláh and the Baha'is were sent to
183:
622:
According to Balyuzi and some other sources, Subh-i-Azal was behind several murders and attempted murders of his enemies, including the poisoning of
685:, states that Mirza Yahya had said that whichever of his sons "resembled him the most" would be the successor. None appear to have stepped forward.
1920:
1502:
154:
1904, Azal's followers had dwindled to a small minority, and Baháʼu'lláh was almost universally recognized as the spiritual successor of the
2019:
2014:
1482:. Translated by Browne, E.G. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. (See Browne's "Introduction" and "Notes", esp. "Note W".).
748:
French diplomat and scholar A.-L.-M. Nicolas refuses the Bahá'í claims and maintains that Subh-i-Azal's claim to successorship is obvious.
729:
The Baháʼís hold that the Báb, for the purposes of secrecy, when corresponding with Baháʼu'lláh would address the letters to Subh-i-Azal.
127:
as the central authority of the religion after the latter's execution in 1850. He is known for his later conflict with his half-brother
1989:
665:
465:
1959:
1861:
1742:
1609:
1584:
1461:
698:
733:
and Baháʼu'lláh. These tablets were later interpreted by both Azalis and Baháʼís as proof of the Báb's delegation of leadership.
446:
189:
It was common practice among the Bábís to receive titles. The Báb's Will and Testament addresses Mirza Yahya in the first verse:
724:
383:
2004:
142:
In 1868 the Ottoman government further exiled Subh-i-Azal and his followers to Cyprus, and Baháʼu'lláh and his followers to
535:
the community His behaviour seems, therefore, to have been dictated less by cowardice than by the adoption of a policy of
522:
Subh-i-Azal's leadership was controversial. He generally absented himself from the Bábí community spending his time in
1627:. By Mirza Huseyn of Hamadan. Translated by Browne, E.G. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 327–396.
1451:
213:
1696:
557:
1622:
1549:
An Early Correspondence of Mirza Yahya Nuri Subh-i-Azal with Siyyid Ali Muhammad Shirazi, the Bab (circa 1849)
404:
1657:
1536:
The Organizational Hierarchy of the Babis during the period of Subh-i-Azal's residency in Baghdad (1852-1863)
1999:
1653:
800:
773:
677:
399:
358:
627:
623:
611:
473:
316:
280:
128:
1845:
1635:
691:
504:
353:
1938:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University, Qamartaj Dolatabadi Papers, Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran.
1910:
1636:"Personal Reminiscences of the Babi Insurrection at Zanjan in 1850, written by Aqa ʻAbdu'l-Ahad-i-Zanjan"
1853:
348:
260:
1473:
1447:
734:
615:
378:
1477:
1994:
1984:
1979:
661:
439:
477:
409:
420:
1426:
1955:
1949:
1916:
1857:
1738:
1605:
1580:
1498:
1457:
147:
1789:
1572:
835:
791:
764:
654:
309:
179:
171:
1802:
1277:
1945:
432:
302:
265:
556:, Iran, which was planned to coincide with the assassination attempt on the life of the
1728:
229:
1973:
1827:
1771:
1767:
1598:
1491:
686:
1755:
1714:
1090:
1891:
1873:
634:
338:
143:
1237:
598:
1933:
1562:
A short commentary on Surah 97 of the Quran and the Night of Power by Subh-i-Azal
676:
There are conflicting reports as to whom Subh-i-Azal appointed as his successor.
131:
over leadership of the Bábí community, after which his followers became known as
1902:. Evanston, IL: National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States.
1560:
1547:
1534:
697:
MacEoin notes that after the deaths of those Azali Babis who were active in the
1877:
1516:"Invoking the Seven Worlds: An acrostic prayer by Mīrzā Yaḥyā Nūrī Ṣubḥ-i-Azal"
857:
682:
469:
270:
159:
150:
in 1878, he lived out the rest of his life in obscurity on a British pension.
1710:
638:
343:
75:
742:
488:
In 1845, at about the age of 14, Subh-i-Azal became a follower of the Báb.
275:
221:
120:
1732:
602:Ṣubḥ-i-Azal at the age of 80, unknown photographer, Famagusta, 1911 circa.
1405:
587:
197:
Manuchehri (2004) notes that Mirza Yahya was the only Bábí named "Azal".
637:
and Subh-i Azal and his family, along with some followers, were sent to
193:"Name of Azal, testify that there is no God but I, the dearest beloved."
27:
583:
523:
497:
1479:
A Traveller's Narrative: Written to illustrate the episode of the Bab
1453:
A Traveller's Narrative: Written to illustrate the episode of the Bab
642:
607:
579:
543:
of the Twelfth Imam, who went into hiding out of fear of his enemies.
606:
In 1863 most of the Babis were exiled by the Ottoman authorities to
322:
244:
178:, "Morning of Eternity") appears in an Islamic tradition called the
155:
124:
1515:
937:
935:
597:
553:
374:
132:
88:
1624:
The Tarikh-i-Jadid, or New History of Mirza 'Ali Muhammad The Bab
1493:
Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran
527:
his will and testament that Subh-i-Azal should protect himself.
464:
Subh-i-Azal was born in 1831 to Kuchak Khanum-i-Karmanshahi and
737:
states that the Báb did this at the suggestion of Baháʼu'lláh.
1757:
Kitab-i Nuqtat al-Kaf: Being the Earliest History of the Babis
819:
1376:
1196:
1803:"Taqiyyah (Dissimulation) in the Babi and Bahá'í Religions"
1715:"Baha'u'llah's Surah of God: Text, Translation, Commentary"
578:
death, Dayyán, who had a deep interest in the study of the
914:
1000:
998:
996:
712:
1951:
The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 1: Baghdad 1853-63
1791:
Studia Iranica: Divisions and Authority Claims in Babism
1336:
1334:
966:
964:
962:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
1721:. Vol. 6, no. 1. East Lansing, MI: H-Bahai.
1207:
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1118:
983:
981:
979:
888:
886:
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880:
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874:
872:
870:
805:
778:
1754:
Kashani, Jani (Attrib.) (1910). Browne, E.G. (ed.).
1737:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust.
1456:. Los Angeles, USA: Kalimát Press (published 2004).
941:
830:
Mirza Aqa Khan Kirmani made this claim later in his
552:
In 1852, Subh-i-Azal was involved in an uprising in
1027:
1025:
626:. Some Azali sources re-apply these allegations to
102:
94:
83:
60:
37:
32:
Subh-i-Azal at the age of 80, Famagusta, circa 1911
18:
1832:Research Notes in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies
1597:
1490:
1412:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 28 September 2011
614:made his claim to be the messianic figure of the
1433:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 28 November 2014
1352:
1238:"Iranian Women You Should Know: Roshanak Nodust"
1719:Translations of Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Texts
1565:. Library of the Greatest Name. pp. 1–12.
1552:. Library of the Greatest Name. pp. 1–26.
1539:. Library of the Greatest Name. pp. 1–53.
668:, the first woman's rights magazine in Iran.
440:
8:
1662:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1659:Materials for the Study of the Bábí Religion
476:. His father was a minister in the court of
170:His most widely known title, "Subh-i-Azal" (
1915:. Paris: Librairie d'Amerique et d'Orient.
1850:The Baháʼí Faith: Its History and Teachings
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1520:LUVAH: Journal of the Creative Imagination
1364:
1004:
926:
619:there was feuding between the two groups.
447:
433:
208:
26:
15:
1497:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
818:Kumayl was a student of the first Imam,
2010:Iranian emigrants to the Ottoman Empire
1828:"The Primal Point's Will and Testament"
1388:
1273:
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1109:
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849:
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391:
366:
330:
293:
252:
236:
220:
1760:. Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill.
1340:
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1211:
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1124:
1055:
987:
492:Early activities in the Bábí community
1325:
1313:
1289:
1223:
1016:
953:
834:. This book is abstracted in part by
564:Challenges to Subh-i-Azal's authority
119:) was an Iranian religious leader of
7:
1684:. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc.
1669:Campo, Juan (2009a). "Ṣubḥ-i Azal".
1640:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1621:Browne, E.G. (1893). "Appendix II".
1377:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá & Browne (tr.) 1891
1197:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá & Browne (tr.) 1891
1184:
1031:
741:1863 Baháʼu'lláh made a claim to be
1935:Fragment of Subh-i Azal's Biography
1673:. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc.
795:
768:
175:
1778:. Vol. III. pp. 179–181.
1450:(1886). Browne, E.G. (Tr.) (ed.).
1091:"A Brief Biography of Baha'u'llah"
838:in "Note W" of his translation of
511:Appointment as the Báb's successor
14:
864:, London, MacMillan, 1913, p.264.
182:which the Báb quotes in his book
1604:. London, UK: Cassell & Co.
743:Him Whom God Shall Make Manifest
472:, and a younger-half-brother of
228:
1680:Campo, Juan (2009b). "Babism".
915:Mirza Yahya. In Britannica 2014
1932:Ruhi, Atiyya (7 August 2012).
146:in Palestine. When Cyprus was
123:who succeeded its founder the
1:
1954:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald.
1912:Qui est le successeur du Bâb?
1896:"Yahyá, Mírzá (c. 1831-1912)"
1579:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald.
582:in regards to such areas as
2020:20th-century Iranian people
2015:19th-century Iranian people
1900:Baháʼí Encyclopedia Project
1826:Manuchehri, Sepehr (2004).
1801:Manuchehri, Sepehr (2000).
806:
779:
2036:
1909:Nicolas, A.-L.-M. (1933).
1577:Baháʼu'lláh, King of Glory
722:
660:He was the grandfather of
1990:Iranian religious leaders
1807:Australian Bahá'í Studies
1427:"Mirza Yahya Sobh-e Azal"
942:Azali. In Britannica 2011
699:Constitutional Revolution
664:, a feminist who started
563:
510:
25:
1697:"A New Religion. Babism"
1058:, pp. 374, 380–381.
530:MacEoin further states:
1882:Baháʼí Studies Bulletin
1788:MacEoin, Denis (1989).
1596:Barrett, David (2001).
1514:Azal, N. Wahid (2011).
1431:Encyclopædia Britannica
1410:Encyclopædia Britannica
840:A Traveller's Narrative
1489:Amanat, Abbas (1989).
862:The Fringe of the East
603:
545:
505:Battle of Fort Tabarsi
354:Battle of Fort Tabarsi
2005:People from Nur, Iran
1854:William Carey Library
1682:Encyclopedia of Islam
1671:Encyclopedia of Islam
1634:Browne, E.G. (1897).
718:
601:
532:
515:In an Azali history,
468:, in the province of
349:Conference of Badasht
261:Letters of the Living
1776:Encyclopedia Iranica
1770:(15 December 1987).
1695:Carus, Paul (1904).
1559:Azal, Wahid (2022).
1546:Azal, Wahid (2019).
1533:Azal, Wahid (2018).
858:Harry Charles Lukach
666:Peyk-e Saadat Nesvan
359:Execution of the Báb
78:, present-day Cyprus
1878:"The Cyprus Exiles"
1264:, pp. 312–314.
1163:, pp. 225–226.
719:In the Bahá'í Faith
478:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
466:Mírzá Buzurg-i-Núrí
323:Writings of the Báb
1846:Miller, William M.
1236:Zolghadr, Zohreh.
725:Baháʼí–Azali split
604:
384:Baháʼí–Azali split
1922:978-2-7200-0395-0
1600:The New Believers
1504:978-0-8014-2098-6
1379:, pp. 79–80.
1353:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1886
1226:, pp. 87–96.
804:
777:
610:. In Adrianople,
457:
456:
148:leased to Britain
115:(1831–1912, born
110:
109:
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1946:Taherzadeh, Adib
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1713:(January 2002).
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762:
496:Subh-i-Azal met
449:
442:
435:
367:Resultant groups
253:Prominent people
232:
209:
184:Dalá'il-i-Sab'ih
177:
71:
69:
52:
50:
42:Mirza Yahya Nuri
30:
16:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2024:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1944:
1931:
1923:
1908:
1890:
1872:
1864:
1844:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1783:
1766:
1753:
1745:
1729:Effendi, Shoghi
1727:
1709:
1694:
1679:
1668:
1652:
1633:
1620:
1612:
1595:
1587:
1571:
1558:
1545:
1532:
1513:
1505:
1488:
1472:
1464:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1365:Taherzadeh 1976
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1005:Manuchehri 2004
1003:
994:
986:
977:
969:
960:
952:
948:
940:
933:
927:Manuchehri 2000
925:
921:
913:
909:
901:
868:
855:
851:
847:
846:
829:
825:
817:
813:
790:
786:
763:
759:
754:
727:
721:
708:
674:
662:Roshanak Nodust
651:
596:
575:
566:
550:
513:
494:
486:
484:Becoming a Bábí
462:
453:
207:
180:Hadith-i-Kumayl
168:
79:
73:
67:
65:
56:
53:
48:
46:
44:
43:
33:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Iranian exiles
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1905:
1904:
1887:
1886:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1841:
1840:
1822:
1821:
1797:
1796:
1781:
1780:
1772:"Azali Babism"
1768:MacEoin, Denis
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1724:
1723:
1706:
1705:
1701:The Open Court
1691:
1690:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1649:
1648:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1554:
1542:
1541:
1529:
1528:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1485:
1484:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1443:
1442:
1422:
1421:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1343:, p. 384.
1330:
1318:
1306:
1304:, p. 107.
1294:
1282:
1266:
1254:
1228:
1216:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1151:, p. 113.
1141:
1139:, p. 110.
1129:
1114:
1112:, p. 108.
1102:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1046:, p. 241.
1036:
1021:
1009:
992:
975:
973:, p. 246.
958:
956:, p. 361.
946:
931:
919:
907:
866:
848:
845:
844:
823:
811:
784:
756:
755:
753:
750:
723:Main article:
720:
717:
707:
704:
673:
670:
650:
647:
595:
592:
574:
571:
565:
562:
549:
546:
512:
509:
493:
490:
485:
482:
461:
458:
455:
454:
452:
451:
444:
437:
429:
426:
425:
424:
423:
415:
414:
413:
412:
407:
402:
394:
393:
389:
388:
387:
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381:
369:
368:
364:
363:
362:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
333:
332:
328:
327:
326:
325:
320:
317:Kitabu'l-Asmá'
313:
306:
296:
295:
291:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
255:
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239:
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233:
225:
224:
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206:
203:
195:
194:
167:
166:Name and title
164:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
84:Known for
81:
80:
74:
72:(aged 80)
64:April 29, 1912
62:
58:
57:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2032:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1963:
1961:0-85398-270-8
1957:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1892:Momen, Moojan
1889:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:Momen, Moojan
1871:
1870:
1865:
1863:0-87808-137-2
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1744:0-87743-020-9
1740:
1736:
1735:
1734:God Passes By
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1666:
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1660:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1611:0-304-35592-5
1607:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:0-85398-328-3
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:Balyuzi, H.M.
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1463:1-890688-37-1
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1391:, p. 15.
1390:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1367:, p. 37.
1366:
1361:
1358:
1355:, p. 37.
1354:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1292:, p. 99.
1291:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1175:, p. 16.
1174:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1070:, p. 99.
1069:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
963:
959:
955:
950:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
923:
920:
916:
911:
908:
904:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:Published in
853:
850:
841:
837:
833:
832:Hasht-Bihisht
827:
824:
821:
815:
812:
808:
802:
793:
788:
785:
781:
775:
766:
761:
758:
751:
749:
746:
744:
738:
736:
730:
726:
716:
714:
705:
703:
700:
695:
693:
688:
684:
683:H.C. Lukach's
679:
671:
669:
667:
663:
658:
656:
653:According to
648:
646:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
620:
617:
613:
609:
600:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
572:
570:
561:
559:
555:
547:
544:
542:
538:
531:
528:
525:
520:
518:
517:Nuqtat'ul-Kāf
508:
506:
501:
499:
491:
489:
483:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
459:
450:
445:
443:
438:
436:
431:
430:
428:
427:
422:
419:
418:
417:
416:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
396:
395:
390:
385:
382:
380:
376:
373:
372:
371:
370:
365:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
334:
329:
324:
321:
319:
318:
314:
312:
311:
310:Persian Bayán
307:
305:
304:
300:
299:
298:
297:
294:Key scripture
292:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
257:
256:
251:
246:
243:
242:
241:
240:
235:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
204:
202:
198:
192:
191:
190:
187:
185:
181:
173:
165:
163:
161:
157:
151:
149:
145:
140:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
77:
63:
59:
40:
36:
29:
24:
17:
1950:
1934:
1911:
1899:
1881:
1849:
1835:
1831:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1806:
1790:
1782:
1775:
1756:
1733:
1718:
1700:
1685:
1681:
1670:
1658:
1654:Browne, E.G.
1643:
1639:
1623:
1599:
1576:
1561:
1548:
1535:
1523:
1519:
1492:
1478:
1474:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
1452:
1448:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
1435:. Retrieved
1430:
1414:. Retrieved
1409:
1389:Nicolas 1933
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1274:Effendi 1944
1269:
1257:
1247:17 September
1245:. Retrieved
1241:
1231:
1219:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1161:Balyuzi 2000
1156:
1149:MacEoin 1989
1144:
1137:MacEoin 1989
1132:
1110:MacEoin 1989
1105:
1094:. Retrieved
1089:Cole, Juan.
1068:MacEoin 1989
1063:
1051:
1044:Kashani 1910
1039:
1012:
971:Barrett 2001
949:
922:
910:
903:MacEoin 1987
861:
852:
839:
831:
826:
814:
787:
760:
747:
739:
735:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
731:
728:
709:
696:
675:
659:
652:
632:
621:
605:
576:
567:
551:
540:
536:
533:
529:
521:
516:
514:
502:
495:
487:
463:
392:Other topics
339:Shaykh Ahmad
315:
308:
303:Arabic Bayán
301:
285:
266:Mullá Husayn
199:
196:
188:
176:یحیی صبح ازل
169:
152:
141:
137:
116:
112:
111:
89:Azali Bábism
55:Tehran, Iran
1985:1912 deaths
1980:1831 births
1341:Amanat 1989
1302:Miller 1974
1262:Browne 1918
1212:Browne 1897
1199:, "Note W".
1173:Browne 1918
1125:Campo 2009a
1056:Browne 1893
988:Campo 2009b
807:Mirzā Yaḥyā
780:Ṣobḥ-e Azal
713:bayanic.com
711:website at
628:Baháʼu'lláh
624:Baháʼu'lláh
612:Baháʼu'lláh
503:During the
474:Baháʼu'lláh
286:Subh-i-Azal
281:Bahá'u'lláh
129:Baháʼu'lláh
117:Mirza Yahya
113:Subh-i-Azal
98:Subh-i-Azal
20:Subh-i-Azal
1974:Categories
1816:2022-12-02
1711:Cole, Juan
1646:: 761–827.
1437:2017-07-10
1416:2017-07-10
1326:Momen 2009
1314:Momen 1991
1290:Momen 1991
1276:, p.
1224:Momen 1991
1096:2006-06-22
1017:Carus 1904
954:Carus 1904
796:میرزا یحیی
672:Succession
608:Adrianople
470:Mazandaran
460:Early life
410:Pilgrimage
160:Uzbekistan
87:Leader of
68:1912-04-30
1884:: 81–113.
1185:Cole 2002
1032:Ruhi 2012
801:romanized
774:romanized
639:Famagusta
400:Teachings
344:Shaykhism
103:Successor
76:Famagusta
1948:(1976).
1894:(2009).
1876:(1991).
1848:(1974).
1731:(1944).
1656:(1918).
1575:(2000).
1476:(1891).
1242:IranWire
588:gematria
421:Category
405:Calendar
214:a series
212:Part of
106:Disputed
1526:: 1–37.
1406:"Azali"
1398:Sources
803::
792:Persian
776::
769:صبح ازل
765:Persian
687:MacEoin
584:alchemy
548:Baghdad
537:taqiyya
524:Baghdad
498:Tahirih
331:History
271:Táhirih
245:The Báb
237:Founder
172:Persian
66: (
47: (
1958:
1919:
1860:
1741:
1608:
1583:
1501:
1460:
692:Miller
678:Browne
655:Browne
649:Family
643:Cyprus
580:occult
573:Dayyán
541:ghayba
379:Baháʼí
276:Quddús
222:Bábism
133:Azalis
121:Bábism
1995:Bábís
752:Notes
706:Works
616:Bayan
594:Exile
554:Takur
375:Azali
95:Title
1956:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1838:(2).
1739:ISBN
1703:(6).
1606:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1249:2024
635:Akko
586:and
558:Shah
205:Life
144:Acre
61:Died
49:1831
45:1831
38:Born
1278:233
820:Ali
641:in
156:Báb
125:Báb
1976::
1898:.
1880:.
1856:.
1852:.
1834:.
1830:.
1809:.
1805:.
1774:.
1717:.
1699:.
1644:29
1642:.
1638:.
1522:.
1518:.
1429:.
1408:.
1333:^
1240:.
1204:^
1117:^
1075:^
1024:^
995:^
978:^
961:^
934:^
869:^
860:,
798:,
794::
771:,
767::
645:.
377:-
216:on
186:.
174::
162:.
135:.
1964:.
1925:.
1866:.
1836:7
1819:.
1811:2
1794:.
1747:.
1614:.
1589:.
1524:3
1507:.
1466:.
1440:.
1419:.
1328:.
1316:.
1280:.
1251:.
1214:.
1187:.
1127:.
1099:.
1034:.
1019:.
1007:.
990:.
944:.
929:.
917:.
905:.
842:.
448:e
441:t
434:v
70:)
51:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
