295:). The nigral neurons have their own territory distinct from the cerebellar and the pallidal in the nucleus ventralis anterior VA. This sends axons to the frontal and oculomotor cortex. Hikosaka and Wurtz devoted four papers to "the visual and oculomotor functions of the monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata". This is largely involved in orientation and the control of
224:. Nigral neurons have the same peculiar synaptology with the striatal axonal endings. They make connections with the dopamine neurons of the pars compacta whose long dendrites plunge deeply in the pars reticulata. The neurons of the pars reticulata produce the neurotransmitter
252:) (different from the pallidal VO). VA is the origin of one output of the basal ganglia system. It sends axons to the frontal and oculomotor cortex. In addition the pars reticulata sends neurons to the pars parafascicularis of the central region of the thalamus and to the
340:
François, C.; Yelnik, J. & Percheron, G. (1987). "Golgi study of the primate substantia nigra. II. Spatial organization of dendritic arborizations in relation to the cytoarchitectonic boundaries and to the striatonigral bundle".
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268:
in the absence of synaptic input. In primates they discharge at a median rate of 68 Hz in contrast to dopaminergic neurons (below 8 Hz). They receive abundant afferrences from the
323:. These changes are thought to be mostly secondary to pathology elsewhere in the brain, but may be crucial to understanding the generation of the symptoms of these disorders.
499:
Hikosaka, O; Wurtz, RH (1983). "Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. I. Relation of visual and auditory responses to saccades".
604:
Hikosaka, O; Wurtz, RH (1983). "Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. IV. Relation of substantia nigra to superior colliculus".
315:
The function of the neurons of the pars compacta (not reticulata) is profoundly changed (60% of
Dopamine secreting neurons, 80% decrease in dopamine in striatum) in
376:
François, C.; Percheron, G. & Yelnik, J. (1984). "Localization of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamic and nigrotectal neurons in ventricular coordinates in macaques".
569:
Hikosaka, O; Wurtz, RH (1983). "Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. III. Memory-contingent visual and saccade responses".
534:
Hikosaka, O; Wurtz, RH (1983). "Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey substantia nigra pars reticulata. II. Visual responses related to fixation of gaze".
134:
1217:
256:). The particularity of the pars lateralis is to send its axons to the superior colliculus, which is a too minimized output of the basal ganglia system.
993:
413:"Ionic mechanisms underlying autonomous action potential generation in the somata and dendrites of GABAergic substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons
703:
647:
110:
464:
Schultz, W. (1986). "Activity of pars reticulata neurons of monkey substantia nigra in relation to motor, sensory and complex events".
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129:
1022:
1212:
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307:, inhibiting eye movement, and this inhibition is 'lifted', i.e. the projecting neurons cease firing, during saccades.
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671:
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245:
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68:
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807:
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225:
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117:
105:
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85:
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272:(mainly from the associative striatum) with the same very peculiar synaptology as the
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213:). Their dendrites as well as the pallidal are preferentially perpendicular to the
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202:
73:
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201:(they were sometimes named pars diffusa). They are smaller and thinner than the
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617:
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512:
291:
system to the motor thalamus (the other output is the internal segment of the
80:
657:
477:
174:. Most of the neurons that project out of the pars reticulata are inhibitory
122:
296:
175:
450:
264:
The neurons of the pars reticulata are fast-spiking pacemakers, generating
681:
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520:
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713:
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273:
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92:
147:
642:. Kandel, Eric R. (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2012.
300:
197:
in the pars reticulata are much less densely packed than those in the
220:. The massive striatal afferents correspond to the medial end of the
194:
205:
neurons and conversely identical and morphologically similar to the
48:
229:
685:
280:
and a dopaminergic innervation from the dopaminergic ensemble.
1066:
Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
303:. Pars reticulata sends inhibitory projections to the
283:
The pars reticulata is one of the two primary output
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128:
116:
104:
91:
79:
67:
59:
47:
42:
37:
32:
232:). The neurons of the pars reticulata through the
27:GABA-releasing portion of the substantia nigra
697:
236:send axons to a particular part of the motor
8:
1131:
976:
884:
875:
866:
792:
728:
704:
690:
682:
299:movements in stabilisation of gaze and in
240:. The nigral territory corresponds to the
440:
411:Atherton, J.F. & Bevan, M.D. (2005).
332:
663:
145:
29:
178:neurons (i.e., these neurons release
7:
54:pars reticulata substantiae nigrae
25:
927:Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
343:Journal of Comparative Neurology
142:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
18:Substantia nigra pars reticulata
1043:Rostromedial tegmental nucleus
433:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1475-05.2005
170:and is located lateral to the
1:
276:. It receives axons from the
1213:Superior cerebellar peduncle
1086:Midbrain reticular formation
640:Principles of neural science
390:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90259-8
915:Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
1275:
606:Journal of Neurophysiology
571:Journal of Neurophysiology
536:Journal of Neurophysiology
501:Journal of Neurophysiology
466:Journal of Neurophysiology
242:nucleus ventralis anterior
1111:Reticulotegmental nucleus
1051:
618:10.1152/jn.1983.49.5.1285
583:10.1152/jn.1983.49.5.1268
548:10.1152/jn.1983.49.5.1254
513:10.1152/jn.1983.49.5.1230
182:, which is an inhibitory
140:
1094:dorsal tegmental nucleus
1023:Edinger–Westphal nucleus
478:10.1152/jn.1986.55.4.660
254:pedunculopontine complex
1076:Interpeduncular nucleus
808:Central tegmental tract
421:Journal of Neuroscience
250:List of thalamic nuclei
226:gamma-aminobutyric acid
1035:Ventral tegmental area
670:: CS1 maint: others (
166:) is a portion of the
1225:Interpeduncular fossa
1168:Temporopontine fibers
932:Dentatothalamic tract
355:10.1002/cne.902650403
211:primate basal ganglia
1163:Frontopontine fibers
1158:Corticopontine tract
733:Corpora quadrigemina
234:nigrothalamic bundle
222:nigrostriatal bundle
1153:Corticobulbar tract
1148:Corticospinal tract
1056:Periaqueductal gray
953:Rubro-olivary tract
922:Spinothalamic tract
888:Sensory / ascending
796:Sensory / ascending
753:Superior colliculus
741:Inferior colliculus
305:superior colliculus
278:subthalamic nucleus
1006:Oculomotor nucleus
941:Motor / descending
817:Motor / descending
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1071:Parabrachial area
1011:Trochlear nucleus
966:
965:
948:Rubrospinal tract
850:Cerebral aqueduct
836:
835:
832:
831:
824:Tectospinal tract
803:Spinotectal tract
758:Superior brachium
746:Inferior brachium
649:978-0-07-139011-8
427:(36): 8272–8281.
266:action potentials
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155:
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16:(Redirected from
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1184:Substantia nigra
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184:neurotransmitter
168:substantia nigra
148:edit on Wikidata
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1197:Pars reticulata
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712:Anatomy of the
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612:(5): 1285–301.
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981:cranial nuclei
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968:
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960:
958:Descending MLF
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944:
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686:
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631:
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577:(5): 1268–84.
561:
542:(5): 1254–67.
526:
507:(5): 1230–53.
491:
472:(4): 660–677.
456:
403:
368:
349:(4): 473–493.
331:
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1254:Basal ganglia
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1192:Pars compacta
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1140:Cerebral crus
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994:Mesencephalic
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910:Ascending MLF
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209:neurons (see
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199:pars compacta
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1099:Raphe nuclei
880:White matter
788:White matter
639:
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384:(1): 61–76.
381:
378:Neuroscience
377:
371:
346:
342:
335:
317:parkinsonism
314:
282:
263:
248:) (see also
203:dopaminergic
193:
163:
159:
157:
111:A14.1.06.114
53:
1218:Decussation
1061:Red nucleus
972:Grey matter
770:Grey matter
99:birnlex_968
43:Identifiers
1248:Categories
327:References
81:NeuroNames
60:Acronym(s)
894:Lemnisci
871:Tegmentum
863:(Ventral)
666:cite book
658:820110349
311:Pathology
218:afferents
176:GABAergic
1259:Midbrain
860:Peduncle
725:(Dorsal)
714:midbrain
451:16148235
415:in vitro
321:epilepsy
301:saccades
274:pallidum
270:striatum
260:Function
238:thalamus
215:striatal
207:pallidal
93:NeuroLex
1206:Surface
903:Lateral
626:6306173
591:6864250
556:6864249
521:6864248
486:3701399
442:6725542
398:6387531
363:3123530
287:of the
195:Neurons
190:Anatomy
74:D065841
38:Details
1104:dorsal
898:Medial
722:Tectum
656:
646:
624:
589:
554:
519:
484:
449:
439:
396:
361:
285:nuclei
1136:White
146:[
135:62908
49:Latin
1180:Grey
1128:Base
672:link
654:OCLC
644:ISBN
622:PMID
587:PMID
552:PMID
517:PMID
482:PMID
447:PMID
394:PMID
359:PMID
319:and
230:GABA
180:GABA
164:SNpr
158:The
123:5883
106:TA98
69:MeSH
63:SNpr
1018:GVE
1001:GSE
989:GSA
842:CSF
614:doi
579:doi
544:doi
509:doi
474:doi
437:PMC
429:doi
386:doi
351:doi
347:265
297:eye
186:).
130:FMA
118:TA2
86:538
1250::
1182:/
1138:/
668:}}
664:{{
652:.
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425:25
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382:13
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246:VA
95:ID
705:e
698:t
691:v
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244:(
228:(
162:(
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20:)
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