682:. "In 1947, the Sudanese military schools were closed, and the number of Sudanese troops was reduced to 7,570." In 1948, the first Arab-Israeli War broke out. Sudanese Colonel Harold Saleh Al-Malik selected 250 combat-seasoned soldiers who had seen action in World War II. They arrived in Cairo to participate in a parade and were then dispatched to various units of the Egyptian army. This was a grave mistake, for the Sudanese had fought together in World War II and this broke unit cohesion. The decision was indicative of Egyptian military planners of the period. Forty-three Sudanese were killed in action in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. In 1953, the British and the new Egyptian government reached an agreement that Sudan was to be put on the path of independence. General Ahmed Mohammed became Sudan's first army chief in August 1954. This is significant for the Sudanese, for it was the first time it had an independent army that was not governed by Britain or Egypt.
1179:, near Omdurman, had been Sudan's primary source of officer training since it opened in 1948. A two-year program, emphasizing study in political and military science and physical training, led to a commission as a second lieutenant in the SAF. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, an average of 120 to 150 officers were graduated from the academy each year. In the late 1950s, roughly 60 graduated each year, peaking to more than 500 in early 1972 as a result of mobilisation brought on by the first southern rebellion. Students from other Arab and African countries were also trained at the Military College, and in 1982 sixty Ugandans were graduated as part of a Sudanese contribution to rebuilding the Ugandan army after Amin's removal from power.
106:
959:
747:... force, but its character changed in succeeding years." Army officers, however, had begun considering involvement in politics by the eve of independence. Numbers began expanding before independence, reaching 12,000 personnel by 1959, and leveled off at nearly 50,000 in 1972. After independence, the military -particularly the educated officer corps- became more and more politically involved; soldiers associated themselves with parties and movements across the political spectrum." On November 17, 1958, the army's two senior generals, Major General
693:(Issue 6, July 1951) that at that point the SDF comprised four infantry/camel units, a signals regiment, an AA artillery regiment and other units. In March 1954 British troops in the Sudan consisted of one battalion stationed in Khartoum, reporting ultimately to the Governor-General. The Governor-General's military commander was the Major-General Commanding British Troops in the Sudan, who was also Commandant of the Sudan Defence Force. In this post from 1950 onward was Major General Reginald 'Cully' Scoons. The last British troops, 1st Battalion
297:
1548:
Washington suspended military aid in 1989 under a provision of the United States
Foreign Assistance Act that prohibits assistance to countries in arrears on interest payments on previous loans. In March 1990, the United States invoked a provision of the act barring aid to regimes that overthrow a democratic government. The United States terminated arms sales to Sudan in late 1992, while the European Union instituted an arms embargo against Sudan in 1994. These actions, however, had no impact on Sudan's ability to replenish its arsenals.
51:
1567:
Ministry of
Defense, engineering and industrial enterprises produced or imported a range of equipment and technology for ground and air forces. Although information was limited, in the early 2000s this equipment included heavy and light artillery, antitank and antiaircraft guns, machine guns and small arms, tanks, and armored personnel carriers, as well as ammunition for these weapons; the country also had acquired the ability to assemble and maintain aircraft, including fighter and cargo airplanes and helicopters.
1157:, including Lt. Gen. Mohamed Osmana al-Hassan as Chief of General Staff; Lt. Gen. Abdallah al-Matari Hamid, Inspector General of the Armed Forces; several Deputy Chiefs of Staff; Lt. Gen. Essam Mohamed-Hassan Karar as commander-in-chief of the land forces; Rear Admiral Mahjoub Bushra Ahmed Rahma as commander of the naval forces; Lt. Gen. Essam al-Din Said Koko as commander-in-chief of the Air Force; and Major General Abdel Khair Abdallah Nasser Darjam as Commander of the Air Defence Forces.
321:
802:, composed of nine young officers and one civilian â exercised authority over a largely civilian cabinet. The council represented only a faction within the military establishment. From 1971 Nimeiri led a more civilian-based government. The first civil war ended in a negotiated settlement in 1973 by General Ismail. Sudan sent a brigade with infantry and supporting elements to the Sinai peninsula as a reinforcement to the Egyptian forces during the 1973
130:
1528:
Egypt, defined by a 25-year defense agreement signed in 1976. The accord provided for shared planning and staffing; the
Egyptians also supplied Sudan with ammunition and various types of weaponry, such as antitank missiles and armored personnel carriers. Al-Bashir reaffirmed the pact after his 1989 coup, but the Egyptians declined to supply additional military aid after Sudan refused to condemn the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990.
829:, over fifty percent of most Army units were staffed by soldiers and NCOs from the South. Most had little commitment or dedication to the government â they joined for the sugar and other rations given to soldiers, as well as the salary. Although they often acquitted themselves well in battle, generally surrendering only when their food and ammunition were depleted, they had little stomach for offensive operations. Under President
118:
1438:
345:
1555:, Sudan obtained about US$ 350 million in military arms and equipment between 1983 and 1988. The United States was the largest supplier, accounting for US$ 120 million. China and France each provided US$ 30 million and Britain, US$ 10 million. About US$ 160 million came from unidentified sources, probably largely from Egypt and Libya, and as purchases from other Western suppliers financed by Arab countries.
1571:
chemical weapons or precursor chemicals, a claim that led to the United States bombing of the plant. Similarly, news reports in 2004 that
Sudanese and Syrian troops had tested chemical weapons against civilians in Darfur were never confirmed. Some independent observers maintain that Garang on his part used the chemical-weapons issue as a disinformation campaign against Khartoum and Washington.
405:
393:
285:
381:
1103:, the SPLA components were either integrated back into the SPLA or demobilised. The SPLA components however were seen as less of a concern than the SAF components. Many of the SAF JIU personnel were former militia ('Other Armed Groups' or OAGs) who were 'aligned' rather than being formally 'incorporated' within the Sudanese Army. 'Aside from regular SAF units in locations such as
333:
309:
1146:, and other uniformed forces." Article 34.(a) states that the "armed forces and Rapid Support Forces are a national military institution that protect the unity and sovereignty of the nation" and Article 34.(b) states that the relationship between the military institution and executive authority is to be organised by the "Armed Forces Law and the Rapid Support Forces Law".
369:
357:
975:
infantry brigades; a mechanised division and an independent mechanised infantry brigade; and an armoured division. Other elements are understood to include a
Special Forces battalion with five companies; an airborne division and a border guard brigade. Support elements include an engineer division.' Jane's reported the army's strength as 100,000 plus militias.
1559:
groups and militias. Since the early 1990s, at least 34 countries have exported ammunition, light arms, and small arms to Sudan. In more recent years, reliable sources have suggested that there were between 1.9 and 3.2 million small arms in Sudan. About one-fifth of these weapons were held by the
Sudanese government and/or pro-Khartoum militias.
3506:
3101:
3084:
1111:, many of the SAF elements of the JIUs hail from the areas where they are serving and have strong family ties in these locations. As with the SPLA components, integration into the SPLA or increased incentives to demobilize are the only options the SAF components are likely to considerâmovement north being out of the question.'
913:
actual troop deployments. All of the divisions were understrength. The Sixth
Division in Darfur was a reorganised brigade with only 2,500 personnel. Unit strengths varied widely. Most brigades were composed of 1,000 to 1,500 troops." Keegan, writing in 1983, indicated that the northern command was located at
1566:
Sudan manufactured at least a small amount of ammunition for light weapons in the early 1960s, but the country's capacity to produce arms greatly expanded with the opening of the GIAD industrial city south of
Khartoum in October 2000. Under the auspices of the Military Industry Corporation within the
1527:
Relations with the
Soviets cooled in the late 1970s, and Sudan turned to China and Britain for training and equipment. In addition, Sudan received financing from Arab states, particularly Saudi Arabia, for the purchase of Western equipment. Until 1985, however, Sudan's closest military ties were with
1200:
The proliferation of small arms in Sudan originated during the occupation of the country by
Ottoman and Egyptian forces and by the colonial powers, especially Britain and France, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Sudan had only a limited arms industry until the late 1990s, except
912:
was located in the north, although no major troop units were assigned to it. Each division had a liaison officer attached to general headquarters in Khartoum to facilitate the division's communication with various command elements. This organisational structure did not provide an accurate picture of
1624:
The army service uniform was dark green, with insignia of rank displayed in gold on shoulder boards. It differed only slightly from police officer uniforms, which were another shade of green with black shoulder boards. A green beret was standard in the army except for airborne units, which wore red
1570:
The SPLM/A, under the late John Garang's leadership, regularly accused the SAF of using chemical weapons in South Sudan, but these allegations were never substantiated. The same was true of the U.S. charge in 1998 that the Al-Shifa Pharmaceuticals Industries factory in Khartoum North was developing
809:
Diplomatic and military relations with Britain and other Western nations were broken after the June 1967 ArabâIsraeli War, and the breach was filled by close military cooperation with the Soviet Union. Soviet assistance coincided with a dramatic expansion in Sudan Armed Forces personnel from 18,000
778:
During 1969 the Sudanese Army consisted of about 26,500 men, four infantry brigades of four battalions each, three independent infantry battalions, one armoured regiment, a parachute regiment, an armoured regiment and three artillery regiments. After independence, British advisers helped train the
1558:
Various Middle East and Gulf countries, particularly Iran and Libya but also Egypt, provided more than US$ 2 billion in âeconomic aidâ in the 1970s, much of which Khartoum used to buy weapons. Additionally, each of Sudan's neighbors provided weapons and/or sanctuary to various anti-Khartoum rebel
974:
said in May 2009 that 'There are a number of infantry divisions, divided among regional commands. The commander of each military region traditionally commanded the divisional and brigade commanders within his territory. It is understood that there are six infantry divisions and seven independent
1562:
Sudan constituted one of Africa's major consumers of weapons in the early 2000s. As was the case in earlier decades, Sudan continued to rely on an array of suppliers, among them Belarus, China, Egypt, Iran, Romania, Russia, Poland, and South Africa, for ammunition, armored vehicles, helicopters,
978:
Jane's Sentinel reports that there are two engineer brigades supporting the 9th Airborne Division. Jane's Amphibious and Special Forces, 2010, listed the 9th Airborne Division headquartered in Khartoum which includes two airborne brigades and the 144th Special Forces Battalion, an anti-terrorist
1547:
The United States reduced military grants and credits when the Southern Sudanese civil war resumed in 1983. After FY 1987, no assistance was extended with the exception of less than US$ 1 million annually for advanced training for SAF officers and maintenance for previously supplied equipment.
1531:
U.S. military aid to Sudan initially consisted primarily of training a small number of Sudanese officers. Between fiscal year (FY) 1979 and FY 1982, military sales credits rose from US$ 5 million to US$ 100 million. Apart from aircraft, the United States provided Sudan with artillery, armored
1453:, to Sudan in 1959 helped build the impetus to create the Sudanese Navy. Yugoslavia was instrumental in the founding, training, and supply of vessels for the Sudanese Navy. Yugoslavia initially provided four coastal patrol boats. It was eventually established in 1962 to operate on the
1091:
After its formation, the Joint Defence Board (JDB) met for the first time in January 2006. The Board was jointly chaired by SAF and SPLA lieutenant generals. The National Assembly passed the Joint Integrated Units Act on 17 January 2006. The JIUs were commanded by SPLA Major General
3224:
1096:. But in the face of high hopes, the three most serious breaches of the CPA's permanent ceasefire resulted directly from the actions of JIU battalions and brigades. North/South distrust resulted in the JDB struggling to providing oversight and management of the JIUs.
1582:
and the SAF, which has created clashes in Sudan. Since 2014, The UAE supplied arms and also trained RSF members for using heavy weapons. On 25 April 2023, footage emerged of thermobaric shells captured by Sudanese army, which shows its manufacturing in
766:
broke out in a series of actions in the south in late 1963 and early 1964. Attacks on police posts and convoys began in September 1963, and the higher-profile early attack on the Armed Forces came in January 1964, when rebels attacked the barracks at
716:. No. 2 Company of the Equatoria Corps had been ordered to make ready to move to the north for ceremonies marking the exit of the last British troops, but instead of obeying, the troops mutinied, along with other Southern soldiers across the South in
1415:'Fantan' fighter-attack aircraft. Soon after agreeing in November 1976 to provide Sudan with selected arms, the United States sold Sudan transport aircraft, a purchase financed by Saudi Arabia, followed several years later by Fâ5 combat aircraft.
1563:
howitzers, infantry fighting vehicles, attack and fighter aircraft, multiple rocket launchers, main battle tanks, and transport aircraft. Additionally, China supervised arms assembly and assisted in the construction of weapons factories.
848:... ontrol extended from the headquarters of the general staff in Khartoum to the six regional commands (central, eastern, western, northern, southern, and Khartoum). Each regional command was organized along divisional lines. Thus, the
1227:
tank. In addition, the 'Digna'a modernisation programme for the T-55 has been reported. Chinese Type 96 tanks have also been known to serve in the Sudanese Army. These are by far and away Sudan's most modern and powerful tanks.
947:, consisted of 10,000 active members, with 85,000 reserves. The Popular Defence Forces were deployed alongside regular army units against various rebel groups. In 2005, in accordance with the provisions of the Naivasha
810:
in 1966 to nearly 50,000 by 1972. The bulk of the equipment used by the ground and air forces throughout the 1970s until the early 1980s was of Soviet manufacture, including tanks, artillery, and MiG combat aircraft.
2219:
1201:
for a production line for small-caliber ammunition. Consequently, foreign sources for weapons, equipment, ammunition, and technical training have been indispensable. The standard issue battle rifle is now an
1058:
4th Infantry Division (unlike the other divisions, both 4th and 5th Divisions are under-strength divisions) which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in southern
755:. "The coup in the Sudan, far from being a take-over.. by the army, was a hand-over to the army. It was a coup by courtesy.. in response to the demand for emergency measures.." by the head of the government,
979:
unit. It also mentioned the two engineer brigades for special forces support. The 9th Airborne Division carried out projects north of the capital in 2022; in January 2022 it confronted demonstrators in
2536:
3572:
Mohamed Ahmed Karar's book, Al-Jaysh Al-Sudani Wa Al-Inqaaz "The popular army and the NRC" translated as 'The Sudanese Army and National Salvation' (Khartoum, Sudan: Dar Al-Balad Publisher, 1990)
1655:
740:"In the aftermath of the 1954 Torit mutiny, Northern servicemen who had left the forces after the Second World War were allowed to return to the colours, and additional recruitment took place."
1587:
in the year 2020, then supplied through the UAE to Sudan. Sundanese military received training by Egyptian forces. On the contrary Egypt also mediated the ceasefire as per the Egyptian source.
2093:
1680:
2544:
1193:
The Sudanese Armed Forces today are equipped mainly with Soviet, Russian, Chinese, Ukrainian, and Sudanese manufactured weaponry. They have a weapons production company called the
4960:
4612:
3931:
3788:
1223:
light tanks. By 2011 the total that the IISS listed was 360: 20 M-60, 60 Type 59, 270 T-54/55, and 10 'Al Bashier' (Type-85-IIM). The 'Al-Bashier' is a licensed version of the
1918:
1889:
2341:
2223:
1532:
personnel carriers, Commando armored cars, and Mâ60 tanks. U.S. grant aid reached a peak of US$ 101 million in FY 1982. Sudan granted the United States naval facilities at
3161:
Cookson, John A. U.S. Army Area Handbook for the Republic of the Sudan Department of the Army Pamphlet No. 550-27. Department of the Army, Foreign Areas Studies Division.
3808:
467:
3828:
3594:
3583:
1088:
area, joined the Sudan Armed Forces and became part of the Joint Integrated Units in Wau during the interim period. The number of his fighters was estimated at 400.
1100:
636:
3459:
1188:
799:
654:(SDF) as local auxiliaries in 1925. The SDF consisted of a number of separate regiments. Most were made up of Muslim soldiers and stationed in the north, but the
4757:
658:
in the south was composed of Christians. During the Second World War, the SDF augmented allied forces engaging Italians in Ethiopia. They also served during the
559:
1629:. The air force uniform was blue, although the insignia of rank were the same as for the army. The standard naval uniform was white with blue shoulder boards.
1873:
4534:
3921:
1540:
some airport-prepositioning rights for military equipment for contingent use. In 1981 and 1983, Sudanese and U.S. forces participated in the multi-national
4677:
3686:
624:
3137:
4617:
2503:
3069:
4953:
4463:
4197:
1163:
interpreted the changes in military leadership as a strategy by al-Burhan to "tighten his grip on the army after the removal of Islamist generals."
1754:
5096:
4832:
477:
1066:
5th Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains
495:
4787:
3926:
3901:
3651:
3608:
999:
3843:
2090:
772:
4772:
3472:
3337:
3234:
1693:
1135:
611:
The origins of the Sudanese army can be traced to six battalions of black soldiers from southern Sudan, recruited by the British during the
5104:
4782:
4182:
3818:
3773:
2532:
2487:
1699:
574:
report that's the Sudanese Armed Force have around 300,000 personnel (without counting the reserve forces and the different paramilitary).
4767:
2830:
2808:
2552:
1003:
586:
480:
639:
by the United Kingdom. The Egyptians wanted more oversight in the Sudan and created specialized units of Sudanese auxiliaries within the
4946:
4840:
4702:
3041:
2948:
2719:
1552:
1303:
732:. Thousands of Northern troops were flown in to suppress the mutiny, and by the month's end, the Equatoria Corps had been "eliminated."
3569:
Bienen, H.S., and J. Moore, 'The Sudan Military Economic Corporations,' Armed Forces and Society Vol. 13, No. 4, 1987, pp. 489â516
817:
broke out again in 1983 and continued until 2005. The Armed Forces operated under the authority of the People's Armed Forces Act 1986.
4986:
4797:
4557:
4334:
3591:âNew War, Old Enemies: Conflict Dynamics in South Kordofanâ, by Claudio Gramizzi and JĂ©rĂŽme Tubiana, now available for downloading at
3539:
Bechtold, Peter K. âMilitary Rule in the Sudan: The First Five Years of Jaâfar NumayrÄ«.â Middle East Journal 29, no. 1 (1975): 16â32.
2745:
1127:
after months of protests against his rule. On 3 June 2019, the Sudanese Armed Forces, led by the Rapid Support Forces carried out the
3778:
3728:
5081:
4632:
3305:
2173:
1897:
1280:
1055:
3rd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 7000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in Bahr El Ghazal area
1031:
952:
3166:
2356:
1739:
1668:
commander-in-chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and chair of Sudan's Sovereignty Council, Lt. General Abdul-Fattah al-Burhan
5046:
4812:
4647:
4582:
4527:
3823:
3701:
2246:
1515:
The navy, according to 2004 estimates from the International Institute for Strategic Studies, had 1,800 personnel, and a base at
925:
612:
170:
3014:
1052:
2nd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 8000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in Upper Nile area
4732:
4667:
4187:
3798:
3758:
3721:
1049:
1st Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 9000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in Equatoria area
833:
who seized power in the 1989 coup, armed forces under the government of Sudan included the Land Forces, the Sudanese Navy, the
165:
3838:
3813:
3783:
3768:
3753:
3743:
3738:
1120:
983:. In 2010 it was reported that a Republican Guard existed as a presidential security unit, led by Major General Khalid Hamad.
826:
795:
752:
485:
4872:
4642:
4406:
3592:
3252:
1621:. As of 1991, however, there were no officers higher than lieutenant general, and only five, including Bashir, at that rank.
1426:
1252:
905:
2584:
1870:
1425:
The Armed Forces have suffered significant numbers of senior personnel killed in several aircraft crashes, in 2001, and in
5148:
1537:
1206:
1194:
1023:
694:
272:
787:, and 45 Commando armoured cars, about 50 25-pounders, 40 105-mm howitzers, 20 120-mm mortars, and 80 Bofors 40-mm guns.
5056:
4996:
4597:
4177:
3748:
3681:
3478:
2779:
2528:
2483:
1299:
1139:
920:
To reduce the pressure on the regular armed forces, the Sudanese government made extensive use of militias, such as the
426:
158:
2294:
1197:. Significant data has been made available by the UN Experts' Groups on the Sudan on arms supplies to Sudanese forces.
798:, thus bringing the army into political control for the second time. From 1969 until 1971, a military government â the
5041:
4727:
4520:
4271:
3351:
1291:
1042:... confirm unity of the country, the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces."
628:
567:
188:
4127:
3450:
3405:"A Generation of Mysteries?: Sketching the Threads of the Sudanese Armed Forces' First Quarter Century (c.1953â1976)"
2177:
2160:
971:
3145:
1789:
1369:
Armored vehicles are produced, maintained, and repaired at the Elshaheed Ibrahim Shams el Deen Complex in Khartoum.
1306:/Type-59-I. The IISS estimated in 2011 that the Army had 20 pieces of self-propelled artillery, including 10 Soviet
5199:
5036:
4717:
4240:
4142:
3803:
3644:
3527:
3122:
948:
921:
901:
889:
1038:... These shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces, should the result of the referendum
995:
958:
5168:
4672:
4592:
4577:
3936:
3763:
3325:
2853:
1172:
987:
936:
814:
447:
3948:
2456:
1647:
3906:
3733:
3347:
1363:
1315:
1069:
Independent Brigade which shall be deployed in Khartoum with the total strength of 3000 officers, NCOs, and men
763:
713:
571:
462:
432:
139:
1142:
is the head of state, the symbol of its sovereignty and unity, and the Supreme Commander of the armed forces,
5114:
4896:
4845:
4822:
4762:
4692:
4637:
4607:
4381:
4329:
4312:
4192:
4086:
3956:
3886:
1596:
1477:
1450:
1030:
there shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units during the Pre-Interim and Interim Period from the SAF and the
667:
659:
514:
3510:
3105:
2491:
1076:
According to the Catholic "Voice of Hope" radio station in Wau, the Salam Forces military of Major-General
50:
5016:
4737:
4722:
4707:
4572:
4441:
4112:
4028:
3911:
3833:
3588:
US Army Area Handbook for the Republic of Sudan, Dept of the Army Pamphlet No 550-27, Second Edition, 1964
2952:
1473:
1468:
said the Navy comprised six patrol craft, two landing craft, and three auxiliary vessels with its base at
1260:
1256:
1150:
1093:
944:
909:
881:
869:
861:
849:
838:
540:
252:
181:
2381:
1077:
5076:
5026:
5006:
5001:
4991:
4850:
4817:
4807:
4802:
4747:
4687:
4652:
4627:
4622:
4587:
4411:
4351:
4319:
4233:
4172:
4147:
4122:
3881:
3637:
1295:
4266:
4376:
2264:
1472:. In 1999, estimated naval strength was 1,300 officers and men. Reported bases were at Port Sudan and
4924:
4920:
4916:
4888:
4884:
4752:
4682:
4562:
4468:
4416:
4223:
4151:
3961:
3716:
2400:
1579:
1541:
1465:
1419:
1224:
1143:
1045:
The JIUs were to consist of: (Chapter VI, Security Arrangements, Paragraphs 20.13.2.1 and 20.13.2.2)
885:
717:
697:, left the country on 16 August 1955. All of the British troops were gone by the end of August 1955.
616:
578:
437:
262:
3876:
5086:
5071:
5061:
5031:
5021:
4908:
4904:
4860:
4777:
4712:
4697:
4657:
4448:
4161:
4132:
3329:
1648:"Military coup betrays Sudan's revolution: Scenarios to regain the path towards full civilian rule"
1516:
1240:
940:
784:
651:
606:
594:
500:
490:
844:
The Land Forces were "basically a light infantry force in 1991, supported by specialized elements.
725:
5051:
5011:
4742:
4662:
4602:
4567:
4371:
4346:
4324:
4276:
4137:
4081:
3891:
3859:
3424:
2461:
1867:
1606:
1384:
1378:
1011:
893:
834:
135:
442:
3360:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I (3rd ed.).
2804:
4426:
4361:
4356:
4307:
4302:
4157:
4100:
3896:
3468:
3365:
3333:
3301:
3280:
3230:
1689:
1128:
457:
2723:
4492:
4398:
4366:
4290:
4228:
4211:
4117:
4068:
4038:
3988:
3871:
3696:
3691:
3669:
3616:
3558:
3416:
3404:
3386:
The First Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan, 1955â1972
3355:
2838:
1216:
1108:
686:
227:
2749:
2430:
779:
Army and Air Force, and British equipment predominated in the ground forces. There were 50
5163:
5140:
5109:
4978:
4549:
4431:
4421:
4341:
4253:
3993:
3975:
3916:
3598:
3549:
3297:
2097:
1877:
1811:
1614:
1446:
991:
865:
756:
701:
655:
531:
242:
98:
3562:
970:
estimated that the SAF had 104,800 personnel supported by 17,500 paramilitary personnel.
955:. In this regard, Afdevinfo did report that the 1st Division at Juba had been disbanded.
1625:
berets. The police wore black berets. Officers of field grade and above frequently wore
1333:(120mm). Anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons reported included a number of British-made
4501:
4473:
4458:
4453:
4388:
4258:
4245:
4053:
4023:
4013:
3998:
3174:
1610:
1360:
1356:
1124:
1081:
830:
803:
791:
748:
620:
326:
2342:"Allies and defectors â An update on armed group integration and proxy force activity"
1437:
5193:
4436:
4063:
4033:
4008:
3793:
3711:
3706:
3428:
3138:"The Sudanese Army: a historical analysis and discussion on religious politicization"
3088:
2883:
2579:
2302:
Militias, Rebels and Islamist Militants â Human Insecurity and State Crises in Africa
1784:
1618:
1338:
1287:
1244:
1159:
924:. This largely symbolic coalition of seven groups was formed with the signing of the
780:
679:
640:
632:
509:
472:
452:
123:
111:
3315:
Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2015). "Foreign Military Assistance". In Berry, LaVerle (ed.).
4048:
4043:
4018:
3983:
1602:
1412:
1408:
1307:
647:
146:
3357:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)
3245:
17:
3316:
2574:
1286:
The IISS estimated in 2011 that Sudan had 778+ artillery pieces, including 20 US
4864:
4058:
4003:
2540:
1626:
1495:
to Sudan in 1975, as well as sixteen inshore patrol craft and two supply ships:
1392:
1232:
1176:
1085:
929:
663:
350:
4938:
3621:
2315:
1519:
on the Red Sea. By 2017 IISS estimates for navy personnel had fallen to 1,300.
4970:
3420:
3189:
2831:"United Nations Register of Conventional Arms Report of the Secretary-General"
2771:
1533:
1469:
1458:
1330:
1319:
1276:
853:
768:
743:
On independence in 1956, the army was "regarded as a highly trained, competent
721:
675:
3369:
3275:. Working Paper No. 20. Small Arms Survey Human Security Baseline Assessment.
1682:
Iran Military Power: Ensuring Regime Survival and Securing Regional Dominance
5158:
5130:
3604:
3547:
W.H. Besant (April 1934). "The Early Days of the Egyptian Army, 1883â1892".
1388:
1334:
1060:
873:
708:
on 18 August 1955, just before independence, prompting the formation of the
1202:
3515:
3200:. London: Routledge for the International Institute for Strategic Studies.
3110:
1153:, issued a decree appointing a new military top-level command, called the
2878:
2198:
1779:
980:
897:
857:
551:
151:
2879:"Civilian firms of Sudanese army to be under government control: Hamdok"
1740:"Military and security service personnel strengths - the World Factbook"
1601:
Before 1970 the highest officer grade in the rank structure was that of
751:, the armed forces commander, and Ahmad Abd al Wahab, seized power in a
643:
called Al-Awtirah. This became the nucleus of the modern Sudanese Army.
4880:
4512:
3576:
1454:
1422:, where No. 2 Fighter-Attack Squadron SuAF operated J-7s for a period.
1264:
1220:
1213:
1104:
1007:
709:
410:
398:
290:
3540:
3223:
Kramer, Robert S.; Lobban, Richard A.; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (2013).
2545:"Sudan: Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period"
2906:
1584:
1396:
1323:
1311:
1268:
1236:
951:, Joint Integrated Units were formed together with the rebels of the
914:
877:
729:
386:
374:
362:
2401:"Sudan's Aspirational Army: A History of the Joint Integrated Units"
943:
estimated that the Popular Defence Forces, the military wing of the
619:
in 1899. The highest-ranking British officer in Egypt, known as the
2457:"Sudan Power-Sharing Deal Reached by Military and Civilian Leaders"
2429:
El Sirgany, Sarah; Elbagir, Nima; Abdullah, Yasir (11 April 2019).
1006:, dozens of Sudanese soldiers were reported killed in an ambush by
928:
with the NIF in 1997. The SSDF was led by former Garang lieutenant
5153:
4876:
3660:
3461:
The South Sudan Defence Forces in the Wake of the Juba Declaration
3184:
The Barrel of a Gun: Political Power in Africa and the Coup d'etat
2247:"Rebels kill dozens of Sudanese troops in Yemen: military sources"
1476:
on the Red Sea and at Khartoum. The navy had two 70-ton, 75-foot,
1436:
1404:
1400:
1272:
1248:
957:
705:
671:
555:
302:
3629:
3087:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2854:"Exotic Armour: An Inside Look At Sudan's Armour Repair Facility"
2220:"Republican Palace celebrates the change of the Republican Guard"
3361:
3287:. Washington DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
1492:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:(SA-7 Grail), and a large number of various anti-aircraft guns.
967:
338:
314:
4942:
4516:
3633:
3273:
Uncertain Future: Armed Violence in Southern Sudan (April 2010)
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2034:
806:. It arrived too late, on 28 October 1973 and saw no fighting.
570:
estimates that the SAF may have up to 200,000 personnel. While
3521:
3116:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2434:
1575:
2265:"Chapter VI, Security Arrangements, paragraphs 20.1 and 20.2"
1072:
There shall be formed a JIU Infantry Battalion for Abyei Area
3395:
In Need of Review: SPLA Transformation in 2006â10 and Beyond
3350:; Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C.; Toomer, S. E. (1959) .
2382:"Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement â Peace Accords Matrix"
1656:
Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael
3609:"Why the Military Promised to Withdraw from Power in Sudan"
3579:, Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper No.10, December 2007
3155:
Civil wars and revolution in the Sudan: essays on the Sudan
986:
The SAF and government-aligned militias have fought in the
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2006:
2004:
1755:"After a year of war in Sudan, what is the situation now?"
1149:
On 28 October 2019, the chair of the Sovereignty Council,
5182:- country that sometimes recognized as part of Arab world
3042:"Day-long ceasefire agreed in Sudan amid civil war fears"
2617:
1843:
3209:. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies.
1964:
1962:
1688:, Defense Intelligence Agency, August 2019, p. 90,
593:
returned to Sudan by October 2019). The outbreak of the
2907:"WINGS PALETTE â MiG MiG-21/J-7 Fishbed/Mongol â Sudan"
1366:
have also been spotted with the Sudanese armed forces.
1119:
On 11 April 2019, the Sudanese Armed Forces launched a
790:
On 25 May 1969, several young officers, led by Colonel
3438:
A History of South Sudan: from slavery to independence
3072:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 1992
2746:"Military Industry Corporation (MIC) Official Website"
2720:"Military Industry Corporation (MIC) Official Website"
2431:"Sudan's President Bashir forced out in military coup"
2143:
2141:
1991:
1989:
3577:
A Paramilitary Revolution: The Popular Defence Forces
1418:
A long-established training centre and airbase is at
771:. President Abboud was forced to step down following
3015:"The UAE sold arms to both warring parties in Sudan"
2174:"Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis"
545:
5139:
5123:
5095:
4977:
4859:
4831:
4548:
4397:
4289:
4210:
4099:
3974:
3947:
3858:
3668:
2989:
2199:"ۧÙÙ۱ÙŰ© ۧÙŰȘۧ۳ŰčŰ© ۧÙÙ
ŰÙ
ÙÙŰ© ŰŹÙۧ ŰȘÙÙŰ°Ù
ێ۱ÙŰč ۷ۧۚÙ۱ ۧÙŰłÙ۱"
2132:
508:
421:
416:
278:
268:
261:
251:
241:
236:
226:
218:
210:
205:
197:
187:
176:
164:
157:
145:
97:
79:
60:
34:
1026:which ended the second civil war, stated that "...
689:, Commandant of the Sudan Defence Force, wrote in
4833:States and regions with limited or no recognition
2799:
2797:
2772:"sudanese tanks ۯۚۧۚۧŰȘ ۧÙÙÙۧŰȘ ۧÙÙ
ŰłÙŰŰ© ۧÙŰłÙۯۧۧÙÙŰ©"
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1511:2 Sobat class amphibious/Transport/Supply boats
1212:The IISS reported in 2007 that the SAF had 200
1101:Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011
1099:With the dissolution of the JIUs following the
3144:. 93, No. 4 (JulyâAugust 2004). Archived from
1929:
1578:in recent years has supplied arms to both the
1231:The IISS reported 218 armoured cars (6 French
1189:List of equipment of the Sudanese Armed Forces
4954:
4528:
3645:
1505:2 ex-Yugoslav patrol boats (Kraljevica class)
1205:variant that is domestically manufactured by
8:
2120:
1890:"Major-General Sir Reginald "Cully" Scoones"
1136:August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
40:
1855:
4961:
4947:
4939:
4535:
4521:
4513:
4295:
4216:
4105:
3971:
3944:
3864:
3674:
3652:
3638:
3630:
3218:. London: Institute for Strategic Studies.
2575:"Sudan reforms military command structure"
2295:"Rebels, militias and governance in Sudan"
1780:"Sudan withdraws 10,000 troops from Yemen"
49:
3620:
1138:states that the mixed civilianâmilitary "
597:saw the SAF and RSF fighting each other.
3809:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
3440:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3397:. Working Paper. HSBA-Small Arms Survey.
3214:Institute for Strategic Studies (1971).
2977:
2945:Sudan, A Country Study. Vol. 550, no. 27
2706:
2605:
2077:
2053:
2022:
1980:
1968:
3246:"Country Profile Sudan (December 2004)"
2618:Kramer, Lobban & Fluehr-Lobban 2013
2494:[(Constitutional Declaration)]
2316:"SALAM MILITIA FORCES JOIN SPLA IN WAU"
1941:
1638:
3294:The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955â1972
3271:McEvoy, Claire; LeBrun, Emile (2010).
3040:MacDiarmid, Campbell (18 April 2023).
2965:
2930:
1000:2012 South Sudan-Sudan border conflict
800:National Revolutionary Command Council
773:demonstrations which began in mid-1964
31:
3064:
3062:
2416:
2280:
2010:
1953:
1115:After Al-Bashir's fall (2019âpresent)
55:Insignia of the Sudanese Armed Forces
7:
3819:Second Transitional Military Council
3563:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100747
3001:
2587:from the original on 30 October 2019
2147:
2108:
2065:
2035:Institute for Strategic Studies 1971
1995:
1871:House of Lords Debate, 10 March 1954
1831:
1792:from the original on 31 October 2019
1355:Osa mobile air defence systems, and
1318:in service include the Soviet 122mm
3774:First Transitional Military Council
3541:http://www.jstor.org/stable/4325326
3409:Journal of African Military History
2949:Library of Congress Country Studies
1553:Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
1114:
547:Al-Quwwat al-Musallaha as-Sudaniyah
535:
41:
3403:Robinson, Colin D (8 April 2022).
3324:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
3226:Historical Dictionary of the Sudan
2811:from the original on 14 April 2010
2509:from the original on 5 August 2019
2492:"(ۧÙŰŻŰłŰȘÙŰ±Ù Declaration (ۧÙŰč۱ۚÙŰ©))"
1646:Hoffmann, Anette (November 2021).
1609:), but new grades were added when
1329:Also reported in 2013 were Soviet
1018:Joint Integrated Units (2005â2011)
25:
3829:2019â2021 transition to democracy
1896:. 11 October 1991. Archived from
962:Flag of the 9th Airborne Division
562:estimated the forces' numbers at
27:Combined military forces of Sudan
5124:Autonomous regional armed forces
5110:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4841:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4613:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3824:Transitional Sovereignty Council
3509: This article incorporates
3504:
3258:from the original on 28 May 2010
3186:. Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
3165:Cooper, Tom (2 September 2003).
3104: This article incorporates
3099:
3082:
2222:. 1 January 2010. Archived from
1729:IISS Military Balance 2011, 443.
1131:, leaving over 128 people dead.
403:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
331:
319:
307:
295:
283:
171:Transitional Sovereignty Council
128:
116:
104:
5097:States with limited recognition
3447:Jane's Fighting Ships 1999â2000
2943:Nelson, Harold D., ed. (1982).
2782:from the original on 3 May 2014
1698:, DIA-Q-00055-A, archived from
1247:) in 2007, alongside 15 Soviet
1084:background and operated in the
577:In 2016â2017, the paramilitary
3613:Political Violence at a Glance
3436:Rolandsen; Daly, M.W. (2018).
2837:. 15 July 2013. Archived from
1209:and referred to as the Dinar.
1032:Sudan People's Liberation Army
953:Sudan People's Liberation Army
906:Khartoum International Airport
631:stimulated by Egyptian leader
615:. Sudan officially became the
1:
3467:. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
3445:Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1999).
3167:"Sudan, Civil War since 1955"
3136:Aboul-Enein, Youssef (2004).
2455:Walsh, Declan (4 July 2019).
1591:Uniforms, ranks, and insignia
1538:United States Central Command
1207:Military Industry Corporation
1195:Military Industry Corporation
1024:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
841:, which were formed in 1989.
695:Royal Leicestershire Regiment
625:Governor General of the Sudan
585:members participating in the
273:Military Industry Corporation
3244:Library of Congress (2004).
3216:The Military Balance 1970â71
3171:Air Combat Information Group
2304:. Tshwane: ISS. p. 277.
1502:1 Swiftship type patrol boat
1351:mobile air defense systems,
888:(Southern Command), and the
4678:Ivory Coast (CĂŽte d'Ivoire)
3153:Collins, Robert O. (2005).
2270:. p. 111 (129 of 260).
1919:British Troops in the Sudan
1523:Foreign military assistance
1499:4 Kurmuk class patrol boats
1481:-class coastal patrol craft
1283:were ordered in 1981â1986.
1251:. Also reported were 42 US
613:reconquest of Sudan in 1898
546:
85:; 68 years ago
66:; 99 years ago
5216:
3687:Pre-independence governors
3622:10.1007/s12286-023-00561-z
3292:O'Ballance, Edgar (1977).
2355:. May 2008. Archived from
2300:. In Okumu, Wafula (ed.).
2091:Joint Integrated Units Act
1594:
1508:3 Sewart type patrol craft
1376:
1186:
949:Comprehensive Peace Accord
922:South Sudan Defence Forces
712:guerilla movement and the
604:
595:ongoing war in the country
247:$ 2.47 Billion (2017 est.)
201:Muhammad Othman al-Hussein
5177:
4486:
4298:
4219:
4108:
3867:
3717:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
3677:
3421:10.1163/24680966-bja10009
3326:Federal Research Division
3207:The Military Balance 2007
3198:The Military Balance 2017
1491:), both transferred from
1316:Multiple rocket launchers
937:Federal Research Division
890:Seventh Armoured Division
815:Second Sudanese Civil War
496:2021 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
486:2019 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
448:Second Sudanese Civil War
427:Military history of Sudan
75:(as Sudan Defence Forces)
48:
39:
4598:Central African Republic
3528:(Archived 2007 edition.)
3451:Jane's Information Group
3123:(Archived 2007 edition.)
3070:"Sudan: A Country Study"
2990:Library of Congress 2004
2293:Wassara, Samson (2010).
2178:Jane's Information Group
2161:Jane's Information Group
2133:Library of Congress 2004
2121:McEvoy & LeBrun 2010
972:Jane's Information Group
926:Khartoum Peace Agreement
900:(Khartoum Command). The
764:First Sudanese Civil War
714:First Sudanese Civil War
572:Al Jazeera Media Network
536:ۧÙÙÙۧŰȘ ۧÙÙ
ŰłÙŰŰ© ۧÙŰłÙۯۧÙÙŰ©
433:First Sudanese Civil War
42:ۧÙÙÙۧŰȘ ۧÙÙ
ŰłÙŰŰ© ۧÙŰłÙۯۧÙÙŰ©
3759:National Reconciliation
3393:Rands, Richard (2010).
1597:Military ranks of Sudan
1451:President of Yugoslavia
880:(Western Command), the
868:(Eastern Command), the
860:(Central Command), the
668:Long Range Desert Group
660:Western Desert Campaign
515:Military ranks of Sudan
5169:People's Defense Units
3799:United Nations Mission
3584:Joint Integrated Units
3511:public domain material
3384:Poggo, Scopas (2008).
3318:Sudan: a country study
3285:Sudan, A Country Study
3196:IISS (February 2017).
3106:public domain material
2953:Department of the Army
2320:Catholic Radio Network
1551:According to the U.S.
1442:
1167:Education and training
1151:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
1134:Article 10.(a) of the
963:
945:National Islamic Front
839:Popular Defence Forces
685:In July 1951, Maj Gen
182:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
4758:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
4618:Republic of the Congo
4173:Native administration
3779:Coalitions/Bashir Era
3692:Pre and early history
3388:. Palgrave MacMillan.
2805:"Arms Trade Register"
2159:Jane's World Armies,
1440:
1271:, 20 Czech or Polish
996:SudanâSPLM-N conflict
961:
605:Further information:
556:Republic of the Sudan
524:Sudanese Armed Forces
35:Sudanese Armed Forces
5082:United Arab Emirates
4543:Militaries of Africa
3597:10 June 2016 at the
3458:Young, John (2006).
3182:First, Ruth (1970).
2096:18 July 2011 at the
1876:12 July 2009 at the
1844:Playfair et al. 1959
1812:"The World Factbook"
1542:Exercise Bright Star
1466:Defence Intelligence
1391:attack helicopters,
1144:Rapid Support Forces
1094:Thomas Cirillo Swaka
794:, seized power in a
785:Ferret armoured cars
691:British Army Review,
637:granted independence
617:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
579:Rapid Support Forces
438:Arab Deterrent Force
4889:Plazas de soberanĂa
3932:Non-marine molluscs
3607:(10 January 2023).
3582:Small Arms Survey,
3449:. Coulsdon, Surry:
3330:Library of Congress
3229:. Scarecrow Press.
3177:on 12 October 2004.
2968:, pp. 657â658.
2778:. 12 October 2011.
2709:, pp. 344â347.
2583:. 29 October 2019.
2386:peaceaccords.nd.edu
2322:. 13 September 2012
1900:on 24 February 2015
1788:. 30 October 2019.
1395:training aircraft,
1347:main battle tanks,
1140:Sovereignty Council
1078:Eltom Elnur Daldoum
941:Library of Congress
825:By the time of the
652:Sudan Defence Force
607:Sudan Defence Force
501:War in Sudan (2023)
491:Al-Fashaga conflict
463:Invasion of Anjouan
189:Minister of Defence
4969:Militaries of the
4272:Telecommunications
3707:Turkish occupation
3517:The World Factbook
3348:Playfair, I. S. O.
3281:Metz, Helen Chapin
3112:The World Factbook
2543:(10 August 2019).
2500:raisethevoices.org
2462:The New York Times
1868:British Parliament
1607:lieutenant general
1443:
1385:Sudanese Air Force
1379:Sudanese Air Force
1012:Hajjah Governorate
988:Sudanese Civil War
964:
835:Sudanese Air Force
269:Domestic suppliers
177:Commander-in-Chief
136:Sudanese Air Force
18:Sudan Armed Forces
5200:Military of Sudan
5187:
5186:
4936:
4935:
4929:
4913:
4901:
4893:
4633:Equatorial Guinea
4510:
4509:
4482:
4481:
4285:
4284:
4248:(former currency)
4206:
4205:
4143:Foreign relations
4095:
4094:
4077:
4076:
3970:
3969:
3949:Natural disasters
3854:
3853:
3839:October 2021 coup
3804:Nomadic conflicts
3729:Independent Sudan
3520:(2024 ed.).
3474:978-2-8288-0077-2
3339:978-0-8444-0750-0
3236:978-0-8108-7940-9
3188:(see author link
3115:(2024 ed.).
2752:on 9 January 2008
2555:on 10 August 2019
2490:(4 August 2019).
2349:Sudan Issue Brief
2013:, p. 222-23.
1956:, p. 31, 40.
1695:978-0-16-095157-2
1605:(equivalent to a
1464:In 1971, British
1243:, and 30 British
1217:main battle tanks
1129:Khartoum massacre
1002:. As part of the
902:Airborne Division
629:nationalist riots
627:. In 1922, after
623:, also served as
544:
520:
519:
458:Battle of Malakal
279:Foreign suppliers
228:Reserve personnel
211:Military age
166:Supreme Commander
16:(Redirected from
5207:
5141:Non-state actors
4979:Sovereign states
4963:
4956:
4949:
4940:
4928:(United Kingdom)
4927:
4925:Tristan da Cunha
4921:Ascension Island
4911:
4899:
4891:
4550:Sovereign states
4537:
4530:
4523:
4514:
4495:
4296:
4262:
4249:
4217:
4106:
3972:
3945:
3865:
3764:Second Civil War
3675:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3566:
3525:
3508:
3507:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3483:
3477:. Archived from
3466:
3454:
3441:
3432:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3352:Butler, J. R. M.
3343:
3323:
3311:
3288:
3276:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3250:
3240:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3187:
3178:
3173:. Archived from
3158:
3149:
3120:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2951:. Headquarters,
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2748:. Archived from
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2722:. Archived from
2716:
2710:
2704:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2551:. Archived from
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2497:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2362:on 24 March 2018
2361:
2346:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2243:
2237:
2236:Sudanese Online.
2235:
2233:
2231:
2226:on 8 August 2014
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2170:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2038:
2037:, p. 43-44.
2032:
2026:
2025:, pp. 9â10.
2020:
2014:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1886:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1856:Aboul-Enein 2004
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1753:Lodhi, Areesha.
1750:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1704:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1652:
1643:
1322:and the Chinese
1302:, and 75 Soviet
1173:Military Academy
1041:
1037:
1029:
1004:Yemeni Civil War
872:was assigned to
847:
746:
687:Lashmer Whistler
592:
587:Yemeni Civil War
584:
565:
549:
539:
537:
468:SudanâSPLM-N War
417:Related articles
409:
407:
406:
397:
395:
394:
385:
383:
382:
373:
371:
370:
361:
359:
358:
349:
347:
346:
337:
335:
334:
325:
323:
322:
313:
311:
310:
301:
299:
298:
289:
287:
286:
257:1.0% (2017 est.)
219:Active personnel
140:Republican Guard
134:
132:
131:
122:
120:
119:
110:
108:
107:
99:Service branches
93:
91:
86:
74:
72:
67:
53:
44:
43:
32:
21:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5173:
5164:Houthi movement
5135:
5119:
5091:
4973:
4967:
4937:
4932:
4855:
4827:
4544:
4541:
4511:
4506:
4498:
4491:
4478:
4393:
4281:
4260:
4247:
4202:
4198:State Governors
4091:
4073:
3966:
3943:
3850:
3734:First Civil War
3664:
3658:
3603:
3599:Wayback Machine
3550:African Affairs
3546:
3536:
3534:Further reading
3514:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3485:
3484:on 17 June 2016
3481:
3475:
3464:
3457:
3444:
3435:
3402:
3399:(November 2010)
3392:
3383:
3374:
3372:
3346:
3340:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3298:Faber and Faber
3291:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3195:
3181:
3164:
3152:
3148:on 8 July 2012.
3135:
3131:
3109:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3075:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3021:. 22 April 2023
3019:Military Africa
3013:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2887:. 18 March 2021
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2841:on 9 July 2014.
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2726:on 1 April 2009
2718:
2717:
2713:
2705:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2549:sudanreeves.org
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2495:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2253:. 7 April 2018.
2245:
2244:
2240:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2098:Wayback Machine
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1930:O'Ballance 1977
1928:
1924:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1894:Telegraph.co.uk
1888:
1887:
1883:
1878:Wayback Machine
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1705:on 24 June 2021
1702:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1659:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1599:
1593:
1525:
1447:Josip Broz Tito
1435:
1381:
1375:
1310:and 10 French (
1279:. 104 Egyptian
1191:
1185:
1169:
1117:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1020:
1014:in April 2018.
992:Darfur Conflict
866:Khashm El Girba
862:Second Division
845:
823:
757:Abdallah Khalil
744:
738:
702:Equatoria Corps
656:Equatoria Corps
609:
603:
590:
582:
566:personnel. The
563:
478:Intervention in
404:
402:
401:
392:
390:
389:
380:
378:
377:
368:
366:
365:
356:
354:
353:
344:
342:
341:
332:
330:
329:
320:
318:
317:
308:
306:
305:
296:
294:
293:
284:
282:
138:
129:
127:
126:
117:
115:
114:
105:
103:
89:
87:
84:
70:
68:
65:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5213:
5211:
5203:
5202:
5192:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4943:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4914:
4902:
4894:
4885:Alboran Island
4873:Canary Islands
4869:
4867:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4517:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4497:
4496:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4382:Public toilets
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4313:Child marriage
4310:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4256:
4251:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4193:Vice President
4190:
4185:
4183:Prime Minister
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4162:September Laws
4155:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4054:South Kordofan
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4024:North Kordofan
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:Central Darfur
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3957:Climate change
3953:
3951:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3844:2023 Civil war
3841:
3836:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3754:Communist coup
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663: articles
3659:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3601:
3589:
3586:
3580:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3544:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3495:
3494:
3473:
3455:
3442:
3433:
3400:
3390:
3381:
3344:
3338:
3312:
3306:
3289:
3283:, ed. (1992).
3277:
3268:
3241:
3235:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3179:
3162:
3159:
3150:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3094:
3093:
3058:
3032:
3006:
3004:, p. 539.
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2955:. p. 271.
2935:
2923:
2898:
2870:
2844:
2822:
2793:
2763:
2737:
2711:
2622:
2620:, p. 458.
2610:
2598:
2566:
2520:
2475:
2447:
2421:
2409:
2391:
2373:
2333:
2307:
2285:
2273:
2256:
2238:
2211:
2190:
2165:
2152:
2150:, p. 293.
2137:
2125:
2113:
2111:, p. 245.
2101:
2082:
2070:
2068:, p. 235.
2058:
2056:, p. 344.
2039:
2027:
2015:
2000:
1998:, p. 234.
1985:
1973:
1958:
1946:
1944:, p. 140.
1934:
1922:
1911:
1881:
1860:
1848:
1846:, p. 168.
1836:
1834:, p. 233.
1824:
1803:
1771:
1745:
1731:
1715:
1694:
1672:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1617:and, later, a
1595:Main article:
1592:
1589:
1524:
1521:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1457:coast and the
1434:
1431:
1399:fighters, and
1377:Main article:
1374:
1371:
1261:V-100 Commando
1187:Main article:
1184:
1181:
1168:
1165:
1125:Omar al-Bashir
1116:
1113:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1019:
1016:
910:Third Division
896:just south of
882:First Division
870:Sixth Division
850:Fifth Division
831:Omar al-Bashir
822:
819:
804:Yom Kippur War
792:Jaafar Nimeiry
781:Alvis Saladins
749:Ibrahim Abboud
737:
734:
670:operations at
602:
599:
554:forces of the
518:
517:
512:
506:
505:
504:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
423:
419:
418:
414:
413:
327:Czech Republic
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
265:
259:
258:
255:
253:Percent of GDP
249:
248:
245:
239:
238:
234:
233:
230:
224:
223:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
203:
202:
199:
198:Chief of Staff
195:
194:
193:Yassin Ibrahim
191:
185:
184:
178:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
101:
95:
94:
81:
77:
76:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5212:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:Islamic State
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4964:
4959:
4957:
4952:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Guinea-Bissau
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4330:Ethnic groups
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4064:West Kordofan
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Peace process
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:War in Darfur
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3575:Jago Salmon,
3574:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3462:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3309:
3307:0-571-10768-0
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3254:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3205:IISS (2007).
3203:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3089:public domain
3071:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2992:, p. 14.
2991:
2986:
2983:
2980:, p. 22.
2979:
2978:Robinson 2022
2974:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2924:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2886:
2885:
2884:Sudan Tribune
2880:
2874:
2871:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2707:Ofcansky 2015
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:Robinson 2022
2602:
2599:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2580:Sudan Tribune
2576:
2570:
2567:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2505:
2502:(in Arabic).
2501:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2419:, p. 23.
2418:
2413:
2410:
2402:
2399:Verjee, Aly.
2395:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2283:, p. 35.
2282:
2277:
2274:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2123:, p. 13.
2122:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2080:, p. 25.
2079:
2078:Robinson 2022
2074:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2054:Ofcansky 2015
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2023:Robinson 2022
2019:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1983:, p. 18.
1982:
1981:Robinson 2022
1977:
1974:
1970:
1969:Robinson 2022
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1932:, p. 42.
1931:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1785:Sudan Tribune
1781:
1775:
1772:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1619:field marshal
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1536:and gave the
1535:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1517:Marsa Gwayawi
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1420:Wadi Sayyidna
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:Karakuram K-8
1390:
1386:
1380:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:9K32 Strela-2
1336:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:Alvis Saladin
1242:
1239:, 80 British
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1160:Sudan Tribune
1156:
1155:General Staff
1152:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
976:
973:
969:
960:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:In 2004, the
933:
931:
927:
923:
918:
916:
911:
907:
904:was based at
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
821:Al-Bashir era
820:
818:
816:
811:
807:
805:
801:
797:
796:military coup
793:
788:
786:
782:
776:
774:
770:
765:
760:
758:
754:
753:military coup
750:
741:
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
680:Libyan Desert
678:oases in the
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:, supporting
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
641:Egyptian Army
638:
634:
633:Saad Zaghloul
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
608:
600:
598:
596:
588:
580:
575:
573:
569:
561:
557:
553:
548:
542:
533:
529:
525:
516:
513:
511:
507:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
476:
474:
473:Heglig Crisis
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
453:War in Darfur
451:
449:
446:
444:
443:IranâIraq War
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
424:
420:
415:
412:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
328:
316:
304:
292:
281:
277:
274:
271:
267:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
244:
240:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
204:
200:
196:
192:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
172:
169:
167:
163:
160:
156:
153:
150:
148:
144:
141:
137:
125:
124:Sudanese Navy
113:
112:Sudanese Army
102:
100:
96:
82:
78:
63:
59:
52:
47:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5179:
5066:
5057:Saudi Arabia
4917:Saint Helena
4861:Dependencies
4792:
4783:South Africa
4773:Sierra Leone
4578:Burkina Faso
4412:Architecture
4320:Demographics
4234:Central Bank
4167:
4148:Human rights
4123:Constitution
4049:South Darfur
4019:North Darfur
3702:Islamization
3612:
3554:
3548:
3516:
3498:
3497:
3486:. Retrieved
3479:the original
3460:
3446:
3437:
3412:
3408:
3394:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3356:
3317:
3293:
3284:
3272:
3260:. Retrieved
3225:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3183:
3175:the original
3170:
3154:
3146:the original
3141:
3111:
3074:. Retrieved
3049:. Retrieved
3045:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3018:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2944:
2938:
2926:
2914:. Retrieved
2910:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2882:
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2857:
2847:
2839:the original
2834:
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2784:. Retrieved
2775:
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:the original
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2724:the original
2714:
2613:
2608:, p. 4.
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2578:
2569:
2557:. Retrieved
2553:the original
2548:
2541:Reeves, Eric
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2499:
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2460:
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2424:
2412:
2406:. p. 4.
2394:
2385:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2357:the original
2352:
2348:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2319:
2310:
2301:
2288:
2276:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:the original
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2168:
2155:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2030:
2018:
1976:
1971:, p. 6.
1949:
1942:Collins 2005
1937:
1925:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1893:
1884:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:
1748:
1734:
1707:, retrieved
1700:the original
1681:
1675:
1667:
1660:. Retrieved
1654:
1641:
1627:service caps
1623:
1600:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1530:
1526:
1514:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1474:Flamingo Bay
1463:
1444:
1441:Naval ensign
1424:
1417:
1413:Nanchang Q-5
1382:
1368:
1343:
1337:, 54 Soviet
1328:
1308:2S1 Gvozdika
1285:
1230:
1211:
1199:
1192:
1170:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1133:
1118:
1098:
1090:
1080:, who has a
1075:
1044:
1021:
985:
977:
966:In 2007 the
965:
934:
919:
843:
827:coup in 1989
824:
812:
808:
789:
777:
761:
742:
739:
736:Independence
704:mutinied at
699:
690:
684:
648:British Army
645:
635:, Egypt was
610:
576:
527:
523:
521:
425:
147:Headquarters
80:Current form
29:
4865:territories
4788:South Sudan
4469:Photography
4464:Decorations
4224:Agriculture
4152:LGBT rights
4113:Ambassadors
4059:West Darfur
4004:East Darfur
3922:Butterflies
3749:Nimeiry Era
3499:Attribution
3415:(1): 3â32.
3375:3 September
2966:Sharpe 1999
2931:Cooper 2003
2786:23 February
2756:19 December
2204:15 December
2183:23 February
2163:, May 2009.
1904:23 February
1817:23 February
1544:maneuvers.
1445:A visit by
1427:August 2012
1331:M43 mortars
1233:Panhard AML
1225:Type 85M-II
1177:Wadi Seidna
1086:Deim Zubeir
930:Riek Machar
894:As Shajarah
664:Free French
650:formed the
558:. In 2011,
351:North Korea
237:Expenditure
5115:Somaliland
5037:Mauritania
4971:Arab world
4900:(Portugal)
4863:and other
4846:Somaliland
4768:Seychelles
4733:Mozambique
4718:Mauritania
4703:Madagascar
4658:The Gambia
4593:Cape Verde
4449:Literature
4335:minorities
4261:(currency)
4178:Parliament
4133:Corruption
4069:White Nile
4039:River Nile
3989:Al Qadarif
3605:Ali, Hager
3190:Ruth First
3129:References
2835:www.un.org
2730:5 November
2591:30 October
2417:Rands 2010
2326:12 January
2281:Young 2006
2011:First 1970
1954:Poggo 2008
1796:7 February
1759:Al Jazeera
1709:19 October
1534:Port Sudan
1470:Port Sudan
1459:River Nile
1320:BM-21 Grad
1304:130mm M-46
1203:H&K G3
854:Al-Ubayyid
837:, and the
769:Wau, Sudan
589:(of which
581:(RSF) had
550:) are the
159:Leadership
5159:Hezbollah
5131:Peshmerga
5105:Palestine
4723:Mauritius
4372:Squatting
4347:Languages
4325:Education
4277:Transport
4241:Companies
4188:President
4138:Elections
4082:Districts
3994:Blue Nile
3892:Volcanoes
3882:Mountains
3860:Geography
3814:2019 coup
3784:1989 coup
3769:1985 coup
3744:1969 coup
3739:1958 coup
3557:(CXXXI).
3429:248064504
3370:494123451
3142:Infantry
3046:Telegraph
3002:IISS 2017
2911:wp.scn.ru
2807:. SIPRI.
2559:10 August
2251:France 24
2148:IISS 2007
2109:Metz 1992
2066:Metz 1992
1996:Metz 1992
1832:Metz 1992
1613:became a
1389:Mil Mi-24
1387:operates
1373:Air Force
1335:Swingfire
1314:) Mk F3.
1298:, Soviet
1294:, Soviet
1263:, Soviet
1183:Equipment
1082:Misseriya
1061:Blue Nile
1022:The 2005
874:Al-Fashir
541:romanized
206:Personnel
5194:Category
5002:Djibouti
4923: /
4919: /
4912:(France)
4907: /
4887: /
4883: /
4879: /
4875: /
4823:Zimbabwe
4798:Tanzania
4648:Ethiopia
4643:Eswatini
4623:Djibouti
4588:Cameroon
4573:Botswana
4502:Category
4427:Clothing
4362:Religion
4357:Refugees
4308:Polygamy
4303:Marriage
4267:Taxation
4168:Military
4158:Islamism
4101:Politics
4029:Northern
4014:Khartoum
3937:Reptiles
3897:Wildlife
3712:Mahdiyya
3697:Medieval
3682:Timeline
3595:Archived
3253:Archived
3051:18 April
3025:25 April
2916:18 April
2809:Archived
2780:Archived
2585:Archived
2513:5 August
2504:Archived
2468:16 April
2440:16 April
2230:4 August
2094:Archived
1874:Archived
1790:Archived
1662:22 March
1255:, 19 US
1235:-90, 60
1123:against
998:and the
981:Omdurman
898:Khartoum
858:Kurdufan
552:military
263:Industry
180:General
152:Khartoum
5077:Tunisia
5062:Somalia
5042:Morocco
5027:Lebanon
4997:Comoros
4992:Bahrain
4987:Algeria
4909:RĂ©union
4905:Mayotte
4897:Madeira
4892:(Spain)
4881:Melilla
4808:Tunisia
4778:Somalia
4763:Senegal
4748:Nigeria
4738:Namibia
4728:Morocco
4693:Liberia
4688:Lesotho
4638:Eritrea
4608:Comoros
4583:Burundi
4558:Algeria
4493:Outline
4442:History
4399:Culture
4377:Toilets
4367:Slavery
4291:Society
4229:Banking
4212:Economy
4118:Cabinet
4034:Red Sea
4009:Kassala
3907:Mammals
3872:Geology
3722:History
3670:History
3354:(ed.).
3076:29 July
2891:6 April
2863:6 April
2815:22 June
2776:YouTube
2089:UNMIS,
1764:24 July
1615:general
1611:Nimeiri
1455:Red Sea
1265:BTR-152
1257:LAV-150
1221:Type 62
1219:and 70
1214:T-54/55
1105:Malakal
1034:(SPLA).
1008:Houthis
939:of the
892:was at
884:was at
864:was at
852:was at
710:Anyanya
601:History
564:109,300
543::
422:History
411:Vietnam
399:Ukraine
291:Belarus
232:200,000
222:300,000
88: (
69: (
61:Founded
5180:italic
5022:Kuwait
5017:Jordan
4851:Tigray
4818:Zambia
4813:Uganda
4753:Rwanda
4708:Malawi
4668:Guinea
4563:Angola
4432:Emblem
4422:Cinema
4407:Anthem
4342:Health
4259:Pound
4254:Energy
4246:Dinar
4087:Cities
4044:Sennar
3984:Gezira
3976:States
3962:Floods
3917:Horses
3887:Rivers
3555:XXXIII
3526:
3471:
3427:
3368:
3336:
3304:
3233:
3121:
2852:Oryx.
1692:
1585:Serbia
1489:Karari
1449:, the
1411:, and
1397:MiG-29
1324:PHL-81
1269:BTR-50
1241:Ferret
1237:BRDM-2
1040:
1036:
1028:
994:, the
990:, the
915:Shendi
908:. The
878:Darfur
846:
745:
730:Maridi
728:, and
621:Sirdar
591:10,000
583:40,000
532:Arabic
408:
396:
387:Turkey
384:
375:Russia
372:
363:Poland
360:
348:
336:
324:
312:
300:
288:
243:Budget
133:
121:
109:
5154:Hamas
5087:Yemen
5072:Syria
5067:Sudan
5052:Qatar
5032:Libya
5007:Egypt
4877:Ceuta
4793:Sudan
4743:Niger
4698:Libya
4683:Kenya
4663:Ghana
4653:Gabon
4628:Egypt
4568:Benin
4474:Sport
4459:Music
4454:Media
4389:Women
4128:Coups
3927:Moths
3912:Birds
3902:Fauna
3877:Lakes
3789:RCCNS
3661:Sudan
3513:from
3488:3 May
3482:(PDF)
3465:(PDF)
3425:S2CID
3322:(PDF)
3262:6 May
3256:(PDF)
3249:(PDF)
3108:from
2507:(PDF)
2496:(PDF)
2404:(PDF)
2366:3 May
2360:(PDF)
2345:(PDF)
2298:(PDF)
2268:(PDF)
1703:(PDF)
1686:(PDF)
1651:(PDF)
1633:Notes
1603:fariq
1485:Kadir
1479:Kadir
1405:Su-24
1401:Su-25
1349:FB-6A
1290:, 16
1288:M-101
1281:Walid
1277:OT-64
1273:OT-62
1253:M-113
1249:BMP-2
783:, 60
726:Yombo
706:Torit
672:Kufra
510:Ranks
481:Yemen
303:China
5047:Oman
5012:Iraq
4803:Togo
4713:Mali
4603:Chad
4437:Flag
4352:LGBT
3490:2019
3469:ISBN
3377:2015
3366:OCLC
3362:HMSO
3334:ISBN
3302:ISBN
3264:2010
3231:ISBN
3078:2023
3053:2023
3027:2023
2918:2022
2893:2022
2865:2022
2858:Oryx
2817:2012
2788:2015
2758:2007
2732:2009
2593:2019
2561:2019
2537:IDEA
2515:2019
2470:2021
2442:2021
2368:2019
2328:2018
2232:2014
2206:2022
2185:2015
1906:2015
1819:2015
1798:2024
1766:2024
1711:2020
1690:ISBN
1664:2023
1574:The
1493:Iran
1487:and
1433:Navy
1383:The
1364:MRLS
1359:and
1353:9K33
1345:T-72
1300:M-30
1296:D-74
1292:D-30
1171:The
1121:coup
1107:and
1063:area
968:IISS
886:Juba
813:The
762:The
718:Juba
700:The
676:Jalo
674:and
666:and
646:The
560:IISS
522:The
339:Iran
315:Cuba
90:1956
83:1956
71:1925
64:1925
4417:Art
3617:doi
3559:doi
3522:CIA
3417:doi
3117:CIA
2533:TMC
2529:FFC
2488:TMC
2484:FFC
2435:CNN
1580:RSF
1576:UAE
1409:F-5
1361:WS2
1357:WS1
1312:AMX
1175:at
1109:Bor
1010:in
876:in
856:in
722:Yei
568:CIA
528:SAF
5196::
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3553:.
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3407:.
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3332:.
3328:,
3300:.
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